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6.1.posebni Aspekti Zastite Od Zracenja Pacijenata-13364131864038355594
6.1.posebni Aspekti Zastite Od Zracenja Pacijenata-13364131864038355594
6.1.posebni Aspekti Zastite Od Zracenja Pacijenata-13364131864038355594
Cilj
Sadržaj
Uvod
very short time. But still the work went on, and many
good plates were made, the first successful one
being of the hand of Mrs. Hamnisch, showing the
bones and the wedding ring clearly. The question of
Štetni efekti zračenja uočavaju se ubrzo
“reducing” the overexposed plates by means of fenro-
cyanide of potassium came up. This forced Doctor
nakon njihovog otkrića. Nikola Tesla
Latz to withdraw, since he was sensitive to cyanide
on account of former poisoning from it.
(1856–1943) već u junu 1896.
About the end of April, 1896, the laboratory was
moved downtown and an electrician put in change.
preporučuje da se „eksperimentatori ne bi
This arrangement simplified matters, as a street cur-
rent could be used. Still, it was not satisfactory. In
trebali previše približavati rendgenskoj
June, finally, Dr. O[tto] L. Schmidt, who had shown
great interest in the work from the start, took over the
cijevi“. whole laboratory and put it in the hands of a man of
experience as a practical electrician and photogna-
Wolfram Fuchs će krajem te godine
phen [Mr. Fuchs]....By that time more about x-ray
was known and suitable apparatus could be had....
objaviti prvi članak kojim preporučuje
The laboratory, established in the old Schillen Building,
soon became known as the “Fuchs X-ray Laboratory.”
metode smanjenja izloženosti zračenju.
Fuchs’s visit to Germany must have been fruitful, for “From
the very first,” writes his son (Fuchs AW, personal communi-
Značajan pomak u radiološkoj zaštiti bilo
cation), “...[the laboratory] was a Mecca for physicians and
manufacturers who wanted information regarding the
je osnivanje Međunarodne komisije za
machinery to use and the technic of radiography. He was,
according to the men of his time, one of the outstanding
Wolfram C. Fuchs
Slika 2: Wolfram C. Fuchs radiološku zaštitu (ICRP) 1928. godine.
nadiognaphens. It seemed that, for a time, no one could obtain
the first publications appeared, and started to come- the pictures which he was able to make routinely. He was so
(1865–1908)
spond with Professor R#{246}ntgen.Doctor Hannisch had wrapped up in his experimental work that he would often
a very extensive knowledge of electricity and pho- sleep in his laboratory night after night and week-ends.”
tography, but little practical experience. None of the The late Dr. Preston M. Hickey, in describing [2] a visit to
necessary apparatus was on the market and substi- Fuchs’s laboratory, wrote:
tutes were impossible, so practically everything was ...His work was done with an induction coil and a
lacking....Thene being no street current available in mechanical interrupter. [That Fuchs by no means
Posebni aspektia zaštite
his vicinity, battery odofzračenja
ordinary pacijenata
cells had to be built. limited himself to this form of primary-current inter-
KCUS
Provjere uputnih podataka Pravilna upotreba zaštitnih sredstava
Poglavlje 1
Poglavlje 2
Radiografija
Lobanja
AP/PA 0,5 0,04 1,2 4 5 5
LAT 0,5 0,03 1,1 2 3 3 1,3
Toraks
PA 0,1 0,03 0,08 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,1
LAT 0,3 0,05 0,2 0,7 1,5 1,5 1,5
Torakalna kičma
AP 1,2 0,39 2,1 5 7
LAT 0,8 0,24 2,4 16 20
Lumbalna kičma
AP 1,8 0,66 3,9 7 5 10 10 10 3,9
LAT 3,9 0,45 6,9 20 30 30 30
Cervikalna kičma
AP 0,2 0,05 0,9 1,25 1,2
LAT 0,1 0,02 0,2
Mamografija
Fluoroskopija
Kompjuterizirana tomografija
Kompjuterizovana tomografija (CT)
doživjela je veliku ekspanziju u
posljednjih nekoliko godina. Od vremena
kada je za dobijanje jednog sloja bilo
potrebno nekoliko minuta, danas
govorimo u višeslojnim CT skenerima
koji mogu napraviti snimak cijelog tijela u
samo nekoliko sekundi.
Doze koje se dobijaju kod CT pretraga
nisu zanemarive i često mogu iznositi i
nekoliko desetina milisiverta. Ukupan Slika 7: CT snimak iz 1975.
broj pacijenata koji obavljaju CT-preglede godine (matrica 128 × 128,
iz godine u godinu se povećava. Siemens Siretom CT)
Hvala.