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Anterior Triangle of The Neck JDV
Anterior Triangle of The Neck JDV
Gross HSB - B
Anterior Triangle of the Neck (10/10/18)
Lecture by: Dr. Bea
Boundaries Boundaries
● Superior - mandible ● Anterior belly of digastric
● Anterior - a nterior midline of the neck ● Hyoid bone
● Posterior - a nterior border of SCM ● Floor - mylohyoid
Component Triangles of the Neck Contents:
● Submental triangle ● Submental lymph nodes
● Submandibular / digastric triangle ● Veins that unite with the anterior jugular
● Muscular vein (AJV)
● Carotid
Submandibular Triangle
Arteries of the Anterior Triangle ● Also called digastric triangle
● Common carotid a.
● Internal carotid a.
● External carotid a.
○ Superior thyroid a.
○ Lingual a.
○ Facial a.
○ Ascending pharyngeal a.
○ Occipital a.
○ Posterior auricular a.
Veins of the Anterior Triangle
● Anterior jugular v. Boundaries
● Interior jugular v. ● Anterior and posterior belly of the digastric
○ Tributaries: ● Inferior border of mandible
○ Facial v.
○ Lingual v. Contents
○ Pharyngeal v. ● Submandibular gland
○ Superior and middle thyroid veins ○ Mixed, predominantly serous
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● Submandibular duct Boundaries
○ Wharton’s duct ● Superior belly of omohyoid
● CN XII & nerve to mylohyoid ● Anterior border of SCM
● Submental a. (branch of facial a.) ● Midline of neck
● Submental lymph nodes
● Suprahyoid muscles Contents:
○ Anterior & posterior belly of ● Sternohyoid
digastric ● Sternothyroid
○ Stylohyoid ● Thyrohyoid
○ Mylohyoid ● Visceral organs
○ Thyroid
Carotid Triangle ○ Parathyroids
○ Larynx
Infrahyoid muscles
Origin Insertion Innervation
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○ Anchored to hyoid bone by the ○ Superior parathyroids are more
levator glandulae thyroidea constant in location
● Thyroid gland is enveloped by: ● Located on the posterior side of the thyroid
● True capsule lobes, in between the false and true capsules
● False capsule ● Inferior thyroid a.
○ Derived from pretracheal ● Thyroid plexus veins
fascia
The parathyroid gland has 2 different types of cells:
Arterial Supply 1. Chief/ Principal cells
● Superior thyroid a. (from ECA) a. Secretes parathyroid hormone -
● Inferior thyroid a. (from thyrocervical trunk) important in calcium metabolism
● Thyroidea ima b. These cells have a prominent nucleus
○ May arise from the arch of the aorta and a cytoplasm that stains variably
or the brachiocephalic a. (may be light or dark staining
depending on its secretory activity).
Venous Drainage 2. Oxyphilic (acidophilic or eosinophilic) cells
● Superior thyroid v. ( from IJV) a. Appear in small clumps and fewer in
● Middle thyroid v. (from IJV) number
● Inferior thyroid v. (from brachiocephalic v.) b. These cells usually have small
densely staining heterochromatin and
Nerve Supply an oxyphilic cytoplasm
● Cervical sympathetic ganglia (superior,
middle, & inferior) Larynx
○ Via the cardiac & laryngeal branch ● Located at the a nterior midline of the neck
of the vagus n. ● Also called the “voice box”
○ Vasomotor action ● Guards the entrance to the lower respiratory
passages
Follicles ● Made up of 9 cartilages:
● Structural units of the thyroid gland ○ 3 UNpaired
● Cells in these follicles are cuboidal w/ central, ■ Thyroid (Adam’s apple)
rounded nuclei (indicating normal activity) ■ Cricoid
■ Epiglottis
Colloid ○ 3 paired
● Found in the lumen of thyroid follicles ■ Cuneiform
● Chemical composition is a ■ Corniculate
glycoprotein-iodine complex (thyroglobulin) ■ Arytenoid
Parafollicular Cells
● Also known as “C Cells”
● These cells synthesize & secrete calcitonin.
● Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by
inhibiting bone resorption.
● Calcitonin secretion is stimulated by
elevated levels of blood calcium
concentration.
● Has 2 folds:
Parathyroid Gland ○ Vestibular folds = FALSE vocal cords
● Yellowish-brown ■ Space is called rima
● 4 glands vestibuli
○ 2 superior & 2 inferior
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○ Vocal folds = TRUE vocal cords ○ Innervated by superior laryngeal n.
■ Space is called rima ■ Cricothyroid
glottidis
● Muscles affecting the tension of the vocal
Compartments of the larynx cords:
● Supraglottis (above the level of vocal cords) ○ Cricothyroid muscles: primarily
○ Epiglottis responsible for regulating tension
○ AE folds (aryepiglottic) of the vocal cords.
○ Arytenoids ○ Vocalis muscles: lie parallel and
○ False vocal cords inferior to the vocal cords; control
● Glottis (at the level of vocal cords) fine adjustment of vocal cord
○ True vocal cords tension
○ Anterior & posterior commissure ● Muscles that open & close the rima glottidis
● Subglottis (below the level of vocal cords) (abduct & adduct the vocal cords):
○ Lower limit of glottis to lower ○ Abductor
margin of cricoid ■ Posterior cricoarytenoid
○ Adductor
■ Lateral cricoarytenoid
■ Thyroarytenoid
■ Arytenoideus muscles
● Muscles that close off the vestibule of the
larynx (swallowing):
○ Aryepiglotticus
○ Thyroepiglotticus
○ Thyroarytenoid
Laryngeal SENSORY Innervation
Laryngeal Musculature Nerve Distribution
● Extrinsic muscles
○ Suprahyoid muscles Superior laryngeal n. Supraglottic mucosa
○ Infrahyoid muscles (internal)
Thyroepiglottic joint
○ Stylopharyngeus
● Intrinsic muscles Cricoarytenoid joint
○ Varies the position of the vocal
cords (abduct, adduct, tense, or Superior laryngeal n. Anterior subglottic
relax vocal cords) (external) mucosa
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Laryngeal MOTOR Innervation
Nerve Distribution Action
Interarytenoid Adductor
Post. Abductor
cricoarytenoid
Arterial Supply
● Superior laryngeal a.
● Inferior laryngeal a.
Venous Drainage
● Superior laryngeal v.
● Inferior laryngeal v.
Lymphatics
● Supraglottic
○ Anterosuperior group
● Glottic
○ Largely devoid
● Subglottic
○ Anterior - Prelaryngeal nodes
○ Posterolateral - Paratracheal nodes
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