GRAMMAR NOTE 1.

VERB BE: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE

Verb BE:

It is used to give personal information such as name, age, nationality, occupation, etc...

Form: Subject + BE + Rest Form

: Subject + BE + NOT + Rest

Conjugation of verb BE in affirmative

form: Conjugation of verb BE in negative form:

Affirmative
Form Negative Form

Full form / contraction Full

form / contraction

I am / I'm I
am not / I'm not
You are / You're Yo
u are not / You aren't

She is / She's Sh
e is not / She isn't

He is / He's H
e is not / He isn't

It is / It's It
is not / It isn't

We are / We're
We are not / We aren't

You are / You're Y

ou are not / You aren't

They are / They're T

hey are not / They aren't

Examples:
I am James Grant or I'm James
Grant I am not James Grant or I'm not James
Grant

You are 18 years old or You're 18 years

old You are not 18 years old or You aren't 18 years
old

He is British or He's British He is not B

ritish or He isn't British

It is a dog or It's a dog It is not a

dog or It isn't a dog

We are from Spain or We're from Spain We are n

ot from Spain or We aren't from Spain

They are students or They're students They are

not students or They aren't students

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.2

YES / NO QUESTIONS WITH VERB BE

Also called closed questions because there are only two possible
responses: Yes or No.

Form: BE + Subject + Rest + ?

Examples:

Are you James Grant? Yes, I am/ No, I'm not

Is she 18 years old? Yes, she is/ No, she isn't

Is Daniel British? Yes, He is / No, He isn't

Are you from Great Britain? Yes, We are / No, We aren't

Are They industrial engineering students? Yes, They are / No, They aren't

Question words:
What:

We use What at the beginning of the sentence to have an interrogative question. To ask
for specific information about sb/sth.

Ex. What is your name?

Where:

We use Where at the beginning of the sentence to have an interrogative question. To ask for a
place.

Ex. Where are you from?

Who:

We use Who at the beginning of the sentence to ask for a person, name of one or more people.

Ex. Who is your mom?

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.3

DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A / AN , THE.

· We use the indefinite article a before singular countable nouns which begin
with a consonant sound
(b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z).: a ball a horse a car

· We use the indefinite article an before singular countable nouns which begin
with a vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u): an egg an apple an umbrella

 We use the definite article the to refer to something which has already
mentioned

This is a car. The car is blue.

GRAMMAR NOTE 1.4

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, making your writing and
speaking much more specific, and more interesting.
Form: Subject + Verb Be + Adjective

I am tall

He is nice

She is beautiful

It is small

We are short

You are happy

They are slim

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession.

Form: Possessive Adjective + noun + verb be + rest

My book is on the table.

Your teacher is tall.

His brother is Kevin.

Her sister is married.

Its house is small.

Our family is great.

Their friends are in the park.