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IADC Drilling Manual 12th Edition

IADC Drilling Manual • Copyright © 2015

 GeoSphere
RESERVOIR MAPPING-WHILE-
DRILLING SERVICE

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X,350 ft

Highly resistive zone

Fault zone

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Actual well path X,410 ft

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X,440 ft

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unprecedented depth of investigation while drilling.
GeoSphere* reservoir mapping-while-drilling service reveals subsurface layers and fluid contacts with a radial depth of investigation
in excess of 100 ft. This service has been used in more than 150 wells worldwide to optimize landing, maximize reservoir exposure,
and increase production potential.

Find out more at

slb.com/GeoSphere

*Mark of Schlumberger. © 2014 Schlumberger. 14-DR-0229

 DOWNHOLE TOOLS DH–i

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he IADC Drilling Manual is a series of reference guides assembled by volunteer drilling-industry professionals with
T expertise spanning a broad range of topics. These volunteers contributed their time, energy and knowledge in
developing the IADC Drilling Manual, 12th edition, to help facilitate safe and efficient drilling operations, training, and
equipment maintenance and repair.

The contents of this manual should not replace or take precedence over manufacturer, operator or individual drilling
company recommendations, policies or procedures. In jurisdictions where the contents of the IADC Drilling Manual may
conflict with regional, state or national statute or regulation, IADC strongly advises adhering to local rules.

While IADC believes the information presented is accurate as of the date of publication, each reader is responsible
for his own reliance, reasonable or otherwise, on the information presented. Readers should be aware that technology
and practices advance quickly, and the subject matter discussed herein may quickly become surpassed. If professional
engineering expertise is required, the services of a competent individual or firm should be sought. Neither IADC nor the
contributors to this chapter warrant or guarantee that application of any theory, concept, method or action described in
this book will lead to the result desired by the reader.

CONTRIBUTORS

David Herrington, National Oilwell Varco
Lindsey Hughey, National Oilwell Varco
Harald Witzler, National Oilwell Varco
R.D. Morrison, National Oilwell Varco
Scott Powell, National Oilwell Varco
Ken Deringer, National Oilwell Varco
Dean Enterline, Baker Hughes Inc.
Ron Dirksen, Halliburton
Anthony Plana, Varel International
Greg Hawley, Mesquite SWD Inc.
Jaime Aros, Boretek.net

REVIEWERS
Ron Dirksen, Halliburton
Greg Devenish, Baker Hughes Inc.

IADC Drilling Manual Copyright © 2015

DH–ii DOWNHOLE TOOLS

This is a chapter of the IADC Drilling Manual, 12th edition.

Copyright © 2015 International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), Houston, Texas.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

International Association of Drilling Contractors

10370 Richmond Avenue, Suite 760
Houston, Texas 77042
USA

ISBN: 978-0-9906220-8-6

Printed in the United States of America.

IADC Drilling Manual Copyright © 2015


CHAPTER DH
DOWNHOLE
TOOLS
Borehole enlargement ............................................................ DH-1
Physical operating principles......................................... DH-1
Common dimensions, weights, capacities............... DH-1
Related equipment............................................................ DH-1
Safety and handling.......................................................... DH-1
Applications........................................................................DH-2
Specialized situations.......................................................DH-3
Circulating subs ....................................................................... DH-3
Single cycle/single ball circulating sub......................DH-3
Multi-cycle/multi-ball tools.......................................... DH-4
Multi-cycle dart activated tools.................................. DH-4
Multi-cycle single ball tools.......................................... DH-4
Applications....................................................................... DH-5
Safety and handling......................................................... DH-6
General maintenance...................................................... DH-6
Downhole mud motors........................................................... DH-6
Top sub (saver sub)......................................................... DH-6
Dump sub........................................................................... DH-6
Rotor catch assembly...................................................... DH-6
Power section.....................................................................DH-7
Adjustable assembly and fixed housings................. DH-8
Applications....................................................................... DH-9
General maintenance.....................................................DH-10
Air hammers..............................................................................DH-10
Compressed air................................................................DH-10
Top sub...............................................................................DH-10
Case.....................................................................................DH-10
Piston....................................................................................DH-11
Driver sub...........................................................................DH-11
Drill bit.................................................................................DH-11
Check valve........................................................................DH-11
Bit retaining systems.......................................................DH-11
Choke...................................................................................DH-11
Air flow................................................................................DH-11
Lubrication..........................................................................DH-11
Safety and handling.........................................................DH-11
Rotary steerable systems (RSS)...........................................DH-11
RSS development.............................................................DH-11
‘Push-the-bit’ tool...........................................................DH-13
IADC Drilling Manual
DOWNHOLE TOOLS Contents DH-iii
Contents
‘Point-the-bit’ tool...........................................................DH-13
Benefits...............................................................................DH-14
General maintenance.....................................................DH-14
Vibration, torque and drag....................................................DH-14
Description and basic theory......................................DH-14
Physical operating principles.......................................DH-14
Buckling..............................................................................DH-15
Drilling vibrations............................................................DH-15
Vibration analysis tools and software......................DH-16
Advanced torque and vibration technologies........DH-17
Measurement while drilling (MWD).................................DH-19
Description and basic theory......................................DH-19
Safety and handling........................................................DH-21
Applications......................................................................DH-21
General maintenance.....................................................DH-21
Logging while drilling (LWD)................................................DH-21
Description and basic theory......................................DH-21
Physical operating principles.......................................DH-21
Important for what and to whom?........................... DH-23
Standard location on a rig...........................................DH-24
Safety and handling.......................................................DH-24
Applications.....................................................................DH-24
General maintenance....................................................DH-24
Wireline logging......................................................................DH-24
Description and basic theory.....................................DH-24
Important for what and to whom?...........................DH-26
Standard location on a rig...........................................DH-26
Safety and handling.......................................................DH-26
Applications.....................................................................DH-26
General maintenance.................................................... DH-27
Jars............................................................................................... DH-27
Why do we need to jar?............................................... DH-27
Sticking.............................................................................. DH-27
What is a jar?.................................................................. DH-27
Mechanical jars...............................................................DH-28
Hydraulic jars ...............................................................DH-28
Applications.....................................................................DH-29
General Maintenance...................................................DH-30
Reference...................................................................................DH-30
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