URBAN LANDSCAPE:

Significance of Landscape in Urban Areas

Road landscaping
Water Front Development
Landscaping of Residential Areas
Industrial Landscape
SIGNIFICANCE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE

Urban Landscaping an integral part of modern urban construction.

Several types of parks are closely related to a city’s construction plan and are an
indispensable element in the overall urban landscape; these include:

• Urban Parks,
• Gardens,
• Small Public Gardens, And
• Boulevards;
• Parks Outside City Limits (Forest Areas With Meadows And Ponds And
Historical, Ethnographic, And Memorial Parks); And
• National And People’s Parks.

They help to create a favourable salubrious and healthful environment, determine in

part the functional organization of urban areas, serve as recreation areas for
working people and contribute to the expressiveness of architectural ensembles.

In developing plans of gardens and parks the dynamics of tree growth are taken into
consideration, as well as the variation of the color of treetops with the seasons.
URBAN & RURAL LANDSCAPE

Urban sprawl is one of the main causes of habitat fragmentation but has another
important consequence: the agricultural habitats often surrounding forest habitats are
tending to be replaced by urban areas.

The Urban Rural Context differ as, while the urban landscape has an edge of pavement
or building the rural landscape has crops for the context.

The Plant Community composition are mainly different in the urban–rural context.

The community composition of urban edges resembled that of urban interiors whereas in
rural woodlands vegetation near edges (up to 10 m) strongly differed from interiors with
a pool of species specific to the edges.

Urban woodland vegetation was more planned than rural vegetation in both
edges and interiors.

A major difference between urban and rural vegetation was the distribution of species
according to distance from the edge..
URBAN LANDSCAPE -Context of the Green Sprawl

I···-. :1
'_!_';"
·

.,...... .
URBAN LANDSCAPE -Interventions along the street to claim ownership
URBAN LANDSCAPE- Green Lung Spaces in a densely populated area
RURAL LANDSCAPE – Edge Conditions change based on the composition of the
plant species.
RURAL LANDSCAPE – Interior Plant Community Composition
URBAN - RURAL LANDSCAPE - C o n f l i c t in the Context
ROAD LANDSCAPING
ROAD LANDSCAPING

The visual elements of a street, including the:

• Road,
• Adjoining Buildings,
• Street Furniture,
• Sidewalks
• Trees And Open Spaces, Etc,

that combine to form the street's character.

SIDEWALKS
Sidewalk width sets the stage for the streetscape, as it is the location in which most
of the elements reside.

Narrow spaces have greater limitations on the scale and size of elements that can be
placed within the streetscape, while wider sidewalks offer more
options.
The following categories have been developed to illustrate the extent of streetscape
improvements various sidewalk widths may accommodate:

•. Less than 9’ wide

•. 9’-12’ wide
•. Greater than 12’ wide

Once the sidewalk category has been established, the design process can begin.
SIDEWALKS – Less than 9’ wide
Sidewalks in this category are
the most challenging due to
limited space available for
pedestrians and the installation of
streetscape elements.

The shy zones at the building

and curb can create net pedestrian
zones of 5 feet or narrower.

When designing streetscapes in

sidewalks this narrow, it is
important to note that a minimum
clear sidewalk width of 5 feet
should be maintained.

A minimum 3 feet clear sidewalk

width is required per the
Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines.
SIDEWALKS –9’ to 12’wide
Sidewalks that are 9’ - 12’ wide offer more flexibility.

A tree element planted in tree pits that are either open,

covered with crushed gravel, mulch or tree grates.

Care should be taken that plantings do not obstruct a 5’ -

7’ clear walking path for pedestrians, wheelchairs and
strollers.

Sidewalks in this category can also accommodate:

• Short benches (depending on the orientation),

• Small kiosks, and
• Small community identifiers.

Placement must be carefully considered to not interfere

with pedestrian movements.
SIDEWALKS –Greater than 12’wide
This sidewalk width range offers the most flexibility.

Planters should be as long and continuous as possible

while still providing sufficient business and pedestrian
access from the parking zone.

In addition to more green space, wide sidewalks can

usually accommodate more street furniture and amenity
elements, including benches, bicycle racks, vertical
elements, bus patron shelters, and public art.

The City may also encourages uses such as outdoor

cafes, sidewalk artists, and street vendors.
SIDEWALKS

Dimensions can vary based on Locations

Pedestrian, Bicycle, Parking, travel Lane Example

SIDEWALKS

Amenities in the Sidewalk Corners along Parking

Pedestrian Crossings Corner Treatments

STREET FURNITURE

Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed on
streets and roads for various purposes.

It includes
• Benches, • Bus stops,
• Traffic barriers, • Tram stops,
• Bollards, • Taxi stands,
• Post boxes, • Public lavatories,
• Phone boxes, • Fountains,
• Streetlamps, • Watering troughs,
• Traffic lights, • Memorials,
• Traffic signs, • Public sculptures, and
• Waste receptacles.

An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety
STREET FURNITURE

Street name signs identify streets for

the benefit of visitors, especially postal
workers and the emergency services.
They may also indicate the district in
which the street lies.

A bench is essentially a chair made

for more than one person, usually
found in central parts of settlements
(such as plazas and parks). They are
often provided by the local councils or
contributors to serve as a place to rest
and admire the view. Armrests in
between are sometimes provided to
discourage lying down and/or unwanted
closeness.
STREET FURNITURE

Bollards are posts, short poles, or

pillars with the purpose of
preventing the movement of vehicles
onto sidewalks or grass.

Phone boxes or telephone booths

are prominent in most cities, and while
ranging drastically in the amount of cover
they offer users, e.g. many only cover
the phone itself while others are full
booths, are instantly recognisable. The
widespread use of mobile phones has
resulted in a decrease in their numbers.

Post boxes, also known as mail boxes,

are found throughout the world, and
have a variety of form.
STREET FURNITURE
Streetlamps are designed to illuminate the
surrounding area at night, serving not only as a
deterrent to criminals but more importantly to
allow people to see where they're going. The
colour of streetlamps bulbs differ, but generally
are white or yellow.

Traffic lights (or traffic signals) usually

include three colours: green to represent "go",
amber to inform drivers that the colour will
alternate shortly, and red to tell drivers to stop.
They are generally mounted on poles or gantries
or hung from wires.
STREET FURNITURE
Traffic signs warn drivers of
upcoming road conditions such as a
"blind curve", speed limits, etc.
Direction signs tell the reader the way
to a location, although the sign's
information can be represented in a
variety of ways from that of a diagram
to written instructions. Direction signs
are usually mounted on poles.
Recently, illumination has started to
be added in order to aid night time
users.

Public lavatories allow pedestrians

the opportunity to use restroom
facilities, either for free or for a fee.
STREET FURNITURE
Fire hydrants : fire service hook ups have
a regional flare, or in the UK, buried in the
street.

Waste container, Litter Bin.

Emergency telephone box.

Street curbstones.

Paving stones, brick rosettes or granite

cobbles, sometimes even wood.

Street furniture can be positioned to control overspill parking in addition to its primary
purpose; for example a bench and a number of bollards may be used to block access to
a sidewalk or verges for vehicles.
ADVERTISEMENT
Posters are presented as backlit posters. It
is done in display boxes or street furniture
components like mega-displays or
billboards. To install these street furniture
components on public ground, city councils
have to agree. To get these permissions
(Europe, Asia and part of the US) services
and fees are offered to the cities by the
outdoor advertisers.

In Europe there is a heavy competition for

public spots to do advertising in different
poster formats since these spots generate
high contact figures – means many people
can possibly remember a presented
advertising message on a major road or
square.

To finance this infrastructure long term

contracts (10 to 15 years) are signed
between cities and outdoor advertising
companies.
ADVERTISEMENT
The presentation of this advertising has to
fit in the overall urban planning rules of
cities and their architecture. These
requirements lead to interesting design
approaches for poster presentation in
different formats.

Cities are often put in a situation to decide

on new concepts when they are not
familiar with the issues, since new
contracts occur only very seldom. This
knowledge gap is closed by a special
advisor—the street furniture report.

This advisor gives cities some independent

ideas on how to act in this surrounding
(rather than reacting) since public grounds
can not be enlarged.

Telecommunications pole can provide space for advertising, weather forecasts, traffic
information with an LCD display.
SIGNAGE
Signage is any kind of visual graphics
created to display information to a
particular audience.

This is typically manifested in the form of

way-finding information in places such
as streets or inside/outside of buildings.

Signs have very specific shapes.

These shapes on signs send messages
to the audience and form a set of
rules that should be followed when
developing signage.

The particular shapes may vary among

different parts of the world.
SIGNAGE

A circular sign is an instruction that must

be followed.

Both the mandatory and the prohibition

signs provide instructions that cannot be
ignored.
SIGNAGE

Rectangular signs are used to portray

information to an audience. These signs
provide information to an audience..

This is found in
• Safe Condition Signs,
• Public Information Signs, and
• Fire Equipment Signs, etc.
SIGNAGE
The triangle or the warning sign.

This is used to convey danger.

It can also provide information but its

primary purpose it to quickly tell you to be
aware and careful.
PLANTING
List of Trees:
Ornamental plantings are a way to
blend the stark utility of roadways
with their surroundings by improving
the aesthetic and environmental
qualities of the roadside.
Roadside plantings are also an
effective way to improve community
relations.
The advantage of using trees and shrubs
for roadside plantings is their long lives
and large size—they can make a
positive visual impact for a long time.
Additionally, the long-term maintenance
requirements for trees and shrubs are
much lower than for herbaceous
ornamental plantings.
• Delonix regia (Gulmohar Tree)
• Melia azedarach (Akash Neem)
• Azadirachta indica (Neem)
• Samanea saman (Rain Tree)
• Peltophorum (Copper Pod)
• Streculia (Dung Tree)
• Alstonia Scholaris (Devil’s Tree)
• Mimusops elengi (Bakul; Tree)
• Melingtonia hortensis (Indian Cork )
• Cassia fistula (Amaltas)
• Mangifera indica (Mango)
• Ficus benghalensis (Banyan Tree)
• Ficus religiosa (Peepal Tree)
• Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit
Tree)
Road Junction View
Pavement View

Laodscap8/Filrmitlire Z,o11e Plt destrian ZIJill FrtJntap l(J ne

Signage in Pavement
Road Junction – Ariel View
Different Road Finish
Ahmadabad- Different Road Finish based on Usage
Street Elevation

--
Street Plan & Section

Back of
11440Wellington Street 11440Klng Street

Backof
11440Wellington Street 11440Klng Street

Future Building

Future Building
Master Plan
Road Sections

•
WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT -
SIGNIFICANCE
To effectively plan for the waterfront, it is
important to define a "waterfront zone“ to
avoid confusion between the water front site
and non water front site.

A number of different concepts can be used

Hussain Sagar Lake
to aid in the establishment of a definition of
a waterfront area. Some of these include:
"waterfront lands":

• The land, including land covered with

water, that is related to the Shore of a
Lake or pond
• The land that is related to the Bank of a
River
• The land that is related to the Beach of Mandovi Promenade - Kala Academy
Sea or Ocean.
• The land related to the expanse of
Backwater
WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT - PRINCIPLES
• Maximize continuous public access to the water’s edge.
• Create public spaces that are of high quality, rich in amenities & flexible in their
usage.
• Preserve and interpret historical uses, activities and forms of the waterfront, and
conserve lands with marine industiral potential use.
• Provide active and dynamic year round destinations i.e. Recreational usage.
• Integrate well with, and support, the surrounding urban fabric – Functional.
• Exemplify architectural quality, have animated streetscapes, and respect and support
activity at the water’s edge - Aesthetic.
•be economically and environmentally sustainable.
WATER FRONT DEVELOPMENT - IMPORTANT STEPS
1. Assess the existing site and prepare an inventory.
2. Public goals are more important than private goals.
3. Build on existing assets and context (of surroundings).
4. Creation of community space vision.
5. Creation destinations along waterfront and connect the same in design.
6. Maximize opportunities of public access of water front – interaction with waterfront
– fishing, boating, board walks, feeding fishes/ ducks, etc.
7. Balance environmental benefits with human needs.
Master Plan
- PA RK FEAT URES Louisville Waterfront Park
- EVENT VENUES
- PICNIC AR EAS
<www.louisvillewaterf ront.com)
- PA RKI NG
(REST ROOMS A RE LOCATED ON
T HE FESTIVAL PLAZA AN D IN A l
PARKING LOTS = e i _ T HE BLUE
A ND CREEN LOTS)

Towhead
Island
Water North Tumbl eweed Brown·Forman
Creat Lawn Amp hitheat er
.Joe's Crab Feat ure
Shack Rowing
Ce nte r
Over1ook

Festi val
Plaza

PHASE I PHASE I
f/l
Tetra Ta n Yellow
Scul pt u re Pa rki ng Pa rk in g

Danc ing Green Oran ge Picnic A rea Tu rq uoise

Wat er s Par·kin g Pa r·ki ng T an P a r ld n g

PARK HOURS:
6:0 0 a .m .- 1 1:0 0 p.m .
Advent u re Playgroun d: 6:0 0 a m . - 1f :OO p.m .
Wau rplay Ar u : II :00 a.m.- 8:00 p.n1.
Louisville Waterfront park is an 85 acre municipal park adjacent to the
Downtown areas of Louisville, Kentucky & the Ohio river.
View along Water Front Development

Phase I of the development – July 4, 1999 &

was for approximately 55 acres.
Phase II of the development – June 10, 2004
& was approx 17 acres.
Phase III – approx 13 acres and began in late
2005. (delayed due to lack of funding.)
I
Cis ready with designs for
··6 parks and gardens (to be
AMCplans to expand city's green lungs along Sabarmati's banks PARKS&GARD

coiled 'Urbon Forestry ond 1 0 0 rare tr e e species 62,03

Ecology parks') under the
Sabarmati Riverfront proj ect
• A'bad's first sun dial AMC
tlas n\&de a ptovlslon t o Amdavadis
UCir fit$t.$t.m d i al, lik e in V&dodara' $
Krtmatib;'lg.in i1$ g.-1\le o between
SUbllash bt\(jge and Oudtt.eshwar.
77 hectare for parks and gardens 22km of east andwest bankS on t h e $<1m pt b4ic: gorden from
SubMSh bf"idgo t o
Of the toto! aroun d 168 hectare$ of reclaimed 1<100. AMC pi<IM promel\lldes from Vasna barrage to
Subhashbrid_ge wi.ll be hometo 100 Dudi'IC$W3r btidgc
to use n hoctorcs (oroond 38%) to OOYelopJ)i'lrk$ nod g3rdcns.
rare species of trees found I n different
P<)rts of Gujnrat. ea.ch ttce
rwamc nntl history mentioned.
h a v . it&
32,190
sqm pubUc garden from
Gandhi brtdget o Nehr u
brl<!ge

1 k m long
garden 19,485
In a virtual green 9.485 S Q m heritage !)(Irk
treat f from Nehru bridgo to
Amdav.'ldi oyos. ElliSbridgc
Ule proposed ( ' ] The g reen cover is not only
f11.Sond
gt'lr den$ wil l be
spre & d o
being developed t o Increase the
green lungs of the city. 8ut the / 98,361
alm0$t l k m entire Sabarmati Riverfro nt sqm urban forestry,
1 1 t T h :slr«::lc.;h wu u h.J l.l c.;ur u e 9 . . 4 e 2 M V " p u blic I-RI'"
green spaces wll
8,000 plants all over WESTSIDe from Vasna barrageto
Inclu d e green classroom to teach lessons o n Ambedkar b f ldge (total ·
oover. walkways, Wrt.h4,000 pla.nts on the low « botany a nd environment, w ith 58sqm )
space for senior pron.e-1\ades aoo 4 ,000 on the skle deta ils about species, history
citizens and kids, of the roads, the municipal
recreational corpotatlon lmS made space to and other interestin g details o n
space,say AMC
offl(it'lts.
add more green lungsIn the city,
L every tree."
- I P Gau tam, Oltlinnan SRroa. $(Jm public garden from
GMdhl bridgO tO
IJ$mtUII)UJ11
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

To stop sewage water from flowing into

the river, Sewer Lines - 24,400 running
meters, were laid first. These lines will take
the grey water straight to treatment plants

36,20,000 bags or 1,81,000 metric tonnes

is the quantity of cement that has gone
into the work. And concrete is 5,34,500
cubic metres
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Forty-eight storm water outlets
opening into the river will solve problem
of water-logging during monsoons.

The Storm water lines include 6,300

running meters of RCC box drains as
these reduce cost of transporting
pipes to the site.

THE SOIL TOIL:

The riverfront platform is constructed

with 12 lakhs truckloads (1.11 Crore
cubic meters) of soil.

The soil was layered and smoothened to

build the promenades. The highest
point of elevation is eight meters while
the lowest point
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
The project has two kinds — retaining
walls and diaphragm walls.

Till now 3,30,000 square meters of

diaphragm walls, 2 feet in width have
been constructed. The height of these
walls will vary between four and 8 metres
are different spots.

The 15-foot-high retaining walls

(1,15,000 sq mtrs built till now) will divide
the lower and upper promenades and
hold the earth filled to elevate the river
bed
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

The project is not about the two

riverbanks, but a holistic development of
areas along them.

The Commercial spaces along will

change the course of city’s shopping
hubs which have moved westward over
the years.

An arcade here will bring a shift, to the

shopping trend.
SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Roadside stalls and gujari bazaar on the
riverbed will get relocated to special
hawking zones on the riverfront

The Sabarmati riverfront will probably be

the greenest stretch in the city, covering
1 lakh square metres with parks and
roadside plantations.
LANDSCAPING OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS
INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE
SIGNIFICANCE:
The reclamation and
conservation of post-industrial
landscapes constitutes an
important cultural objective
which is inherently
sustainable in that it
encourages the positive re-
use of redundant buildings
that are part of our industrial
and commercial heritage.

Reclaimed Mined land

The boundaries of preservation practice can be expanded by more fully embracing

Landscape Architectural Analysis and Design Processes that provide new insights
for Preserving, Understanding, And Interpreting Landscapes.

But a conflict in idea of preservation of landscape is the Dynamic nature of

Landscape. By preserving, the continuous development and growth of landscape is
affected thus make the space stagnant. Hence the space needs to be analyzed to
suggest appropriate Landscape Interpretation.
RECLAIMING INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE

Reclamation of surface areas involves re-

contouring the landscape to improve
drainage and water collection.

Covering mineralized material, such as

tailings and rock piles, with three feet of
rock and soil. This creates a good growth
media for re-vegetation.

Hydro-seed the area with a mixture of

mulch, fertilizer, water, seeds from native
vegetation and a bonding agent.

Once the vegetation takes hold, The new

vegetation reclaims the area and blends the
site into the surrounding native vistas."
Present - day Scenario The fast developing sub-urban of
any many cities with credit to SEZ,
is acting like nothing more than a
machine.

Unless planned and designed for

could lead to the pollutions and
hazards more dangerous than
industries themselves.

MAHINDRA WORLD CITY

MAHINDRA WORLD CITY

ORAGADAM DEVELOPING SUB-URBAN AREA

LANDSCAPING OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS
RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE- APARTMENT
RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE -

. . . . , _ . _-
.. ;..
I

..... .. .....
l"-.IJL .W L • I

r rrr-ry o • - -
I
. ,.. [

"
..
... . .4.
RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE -

The dynamic nature of the experience insists the

representation in a 3 dimensional way.
TERRACE GARDEN
TERRACE GARDEN

Drainage through Raised Planting Bed

TERRACE GARDEN

Light weight Alternative for Raising Plant Bed

THANK YOU