First Quarter Reviewer in English

FABLE- Is a narrative story that features animals or other inanimate objects that
speak and act like humans.
Elements of Fables:
1. The Character- animals or inanimate objects that are like humans.
2. The Settings- tells us where and where and when the story
happened.
3. The Problem or Conflict- refers to a challenge that the main
character has to overcome.
4. The Resolution- shows how the problem is resolved.
5. A Moral- which maybe explicity stated at the end of the story, gives
us lesson we can learn from it.
MYTH- A fictional story that expresses beliefs or explains a social
phenomenon.
Elements of a Myth:
1. Character – maybe heroes, gods, or goddesses
2. Settings- usually in ancient times and the names of the place may
be fictitious.
3. Problem – refers to a challenge that the main character has to
overcome.
4. Resolution – Shows how the problem is resolved.
5. May or may not have a mora lesson lesson stated in at the end.
6. No clear author since it is usually passed verbally from one person
to another.

LEGEND- is a narrative told as a true story with people and locations clearly
identified. In other words, the story of a legend is narrated like a historical event
rather than as a symbolic narrative. Often used to explain how something came to
be.
Elements of a Legend:
1. Character- maybe a simple persons.
 2. Settings – in the past, as it used to explain certain things.
3. Problem- challenge that the main charcter has to overcome.
4. Resolutions - shows how the problem is resolved.
5. It may or may not have a moral lesson at the end.
6. There is no clear author of a legend since it is usually passed from
one person to another.

NOUNS- are used to name a person, place, thing, event.

KINDS OF NOUN:
1. PROPER NOUN- is the specific name of a person, place, thing or event
Example:
Jerry, Manila, St, Anthony School, Christmas

2. COMMON NOUN- is a general name of a person, place, thing or event

Example:
boy, school, pencil, year

3. ABSTRACT NOUN- can used to name feelings, ideas, or emotions. These

cannot be perceived by any of the five senses.
Example:
mission, amusement, yearning
SINGULAR NOUN- referring to only one
PLURAL NOUNS – are nouns that are more than one in number and are used
with plural verbs..

RULES IN FORMING THE PLURAL FORM OF NOUNS:

1. Add -s to the end of a noun
Examples:
 student - students school – schools

2. Add -es to the end of a noun ending in s, ss, x, ch, sh

Examples:
bus - buses bush – bushes fox- foxes

3. Change f or fe endings to v and add - es

Examples:
leaf – leaves wife – wives thief – thieves
loaf – loaves life - lives half – halves

However, there are exception where we only add – s

Examples:
roof - roofs belief - believes safe – safes

Some nouns ending in f have two plural forms:

Examples:
Elf - elfs, elves
hoof – hoofs, hooves
scarf – scarfs, scarves

4. Add – s to nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel.

Examples:
day - days toy – toys

5. Change y to I and add – es to nouns ending in y preceded by a

consonant .
Examples:
fairy – fairies
lobby - lobbies

6. Add -s or -es to the nouns ending in o

Examples:
tomato - tomatoes volcano – volcanos, volcanoes
mango – mangos, mangoes mosquito – mosquitos, mosquitoes
 7. We have to change the spelling of some nouns to form their plural.
We call them irregular noun.
Examples:
child – children man - men
woman – women tooth – teeth
foot - feet mouse – mice

8. Some nouns do not change in form at all to form it’s plural.

Examples:
sheep – sheep trout – trout
deer – deer fish – fish
salmon – salmon moose - moose

PRESENT TENSE- Signifies action being in present of time.

1. Use the s or es form from the singular subjects.
Examples:
My brother walks around the village every morning.

2. Use the base form into s for plural subject.

Example:
The children talks to their classmates everyday
They play every afternoon
I study my lessons every night.