Final Research Koto

Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
DIVISION OF TUGUEGARAO CITY
CAGAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Telephone Numbers: (078) 844-7768, 844-1232
facebook.com/CagayanNhs
CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
A. Introduction
Philippines ranked as third most prone country for disasters
including floods, earthquakes and storms in the world, having more than
360 natural calamities over the past three decades (The World Bank,
2017).
In Cagayan Province, Tuguegarao City includes to the
municipalities that are susceptible to severe flooding. As evidence,
the city experienced numerous floods for the past years caused by the
aftermath of the typhoons such as Lawin, Ompong, Henry, and Rosita.
Focusing a comprehensive, all-hazard and community-based approach
to disaster risk reduction and management, Republic Act No. 10121,
otherwise known as the Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act
of 2010 created.
In response, the former City Mayor Delfin Telan Ting issued an
Executive Order No. 3 organizing the City Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council (CDRRMC), which ensures the integration and disaster
risk reduction and climate change adaptation into local development
plans and programs.
Generally, this study conducted to assess the different impacts
of flood through the victims and analyze how they cope up physically,
financially, socially, emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually.
1 | Analysis of Flood Victims’ Coping Mechanisms: A Case Study in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Year 2019
B. Conceptual Framework
Respondents’ Profile: The researchers The researchers will
will conduct be able to produce
Age: 18 and above survey through an Action Plan on
Sex: Male and Female the use of how to cope up with
Location: Tuguegarao questionnaire, the effects of
City as technique flood. This study
for data will craft Policy
collection. and Regulation
Recommendation for
the Local Government
Unit (LGU).
Figure 1. Research Conceptual Framework
C. Statement of the Problem
Generally, the study aims to identify the different flood
coping mechanisms of Tuguegarao City, Cagayan residents by
conducting a survey to seek the answers for the following questions:
1. What are the causes of flooding in Tuguegarao City?
2. How do the residents perceive the effects of floods?
3. How do the residents cope up with flooding, in terms of the
following aspects:
3.1 Physical Health
3.2 Financial Assets
3.3 Social Health
3.4 Emotional Health
3.5 Psychological Health
3.6 Spiritual Health
D. Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is entitled “Analysis of Flood Victims’ Coping
Mechanisms: A Case Study in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan.”
This study aims to identify and analyze how the residents cope
up and perceive with the effects of flood.
The scope of the study focuses on the different coping
mechanisms of the flood victims specifically among the residents of
Tuguegarao City. The study limits to individuals who are physically,
psychologically, socially, emotionally and spiritually challenged.
This study will be conducted within the premises of Tuguegarao
City on April 1- 15, 2019. The data to be gathered from the
respondents will only be used for research purposes and remains
confidential.
This study can serve as an input regarding the LGU policy
recommendation and on flood information for the Local Government
Unit (LGU) as a guide in the flood mitigation and response policies
and programs.
E. Significance of the Study
The findings that this study will reveal may benefit certain
groups and the advantages they may able to gain are as follows:
Researchers – this study fundamentally strengthened the
critical thinking skills and intellectual capacity of the
researchers. This will also serve as a learning experience, which
they can apply for future researches.
Residents – the residents will have an overview of the flood
coping mechanisms in different aspects and be able to use these for
safety purposes.
Future Researchers – this study presented ideas that can use
as data basis in testing the validity of other related findings and
carrying out new researches.
Local Government Unit (LGU) – this study envisioned to arise
with sufficient information on coping mechanisms of flood victims
that could be beneficial for the LGU. This may result to a policy
recommendation for LGU regarding flood risk management. This study
can give an ample picture in the area in cases of flooding. This
study will provide a hazard zone map that can utilize to improve the
flood response and mitigation.
F. Definition of Terms
Coping Mechanisms - strategies used by the residents in
dealing with the effect of flood.
Disaster – is an event in which causes great damage to
property and loss of life.
Flood - natural hazard presented in this study, which defined
as overflowing of water of normally dry land areas
Inundation – overflow or cover with water
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature
A. Flood and Its Impacts
According to Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), flood
is a general and temporary situation or complete inundation of
normally dry land areas. This condition triggered by the overflow of
inland or tidal waves, the runoff of surface waters from any source
and mudslides.
Simply put, Santiago et al. published a book entitled
“Environmental Science: A Shared Responsibility towards the Earth”
that defined flood as the inundation of places not normally
submerged in water.
Among the natural calamities, flood aligned to the most
destructive and common type of disaster worldwide. This situation
poses multiple impacts to individuals and communities.
Flood is an inevitable natural calamity that damages lives,
property, and environment. It also causes great loss on economy and
health (Sanders & Tabuchi, 2000). It has lot of negative aftermaths
that has to cope with. Immediate consequences of flood include
destruction of economic infrastructures, deterioration of human
health, damages to properties and loss of livelihoods. Negative
outcomes of flood also include the disruptions to communication,
electricity supply, transportation, education and health care
(Queensland Government, n.d.).
“Earth Science: The Philippine in Focus” published by the
Science Education Centre listed various effects of flood. Flood can
result damage to bridges, buildings, roads and other infrastructure.
Loss of lives, property and crops is also prevalent. Communication
and transportation are cut-off that hampers commerce and the
distribution of goods and supplies.
Three years ago, Region 2, specifically, Cagayan and Isabela
Province experienced destructive flood after Super Typhoon Lawin
posed a serious threat. Due to its heavy rain and massive strength,
the typhoon destroyed approximately 6.2 billion worth of crops
(Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2016).
Declination of crops production is a negative consequence of
flood in the agricultural sector. This is due to the unavailability
of the soil and harvest disturbances.
In year 2008, Region 2 encountered four out of eight cyclones
leaving behind not less than a million pesos in destruction to
properties. Over 679 barangays with 56, 016 families in the region
are affected by the typhoons. Houses that were totally and partially
damaged accounts to 1, 961 and 11, 029, respectively (Eva Cagayan-
Dela Cruz, 2016).
Victims of this disaster experienced the lack of basic needs,
particularly, food and portable water. Community’s sanitary
practices are also affected. Contamination of water happens
resulting to epidemic water-borne diseases.
Aside from its impacts on the physical aspect and financial
assets, flood has also effects on the emotional and psychological
well- being of individuals. This natural disaster can leave anxiety
to the victims due to the loss of their loved ones and their
terrifying experience. Destruction of properties, loss of
livelihood, loss documents and treasured memorabilia can be a potent
source of stress. Negative consequences on the psychological aspect
can be long lasting for some people. (“Negative Socio-Economic
Impacts of Flood,” n.d.)
Vulnerable age categories, low- income group and gender
includes to the societal elements that put on danger. Losses of
biodiversity, damaged landscape, physical and chemical changes in
the surroundings are at risk in environmental sector. (Westen,
2005).
In 2002, World Health Organization (WHO) greatly supports the
negative consequences of floods by stating that this disaster poses
direct and indirect effects on one’s health. Mortality from
drowning, heart attacks and injuries include to the direct effects
of flood. Indirect health effects comprise communicable water- borne
diseases, post-traumatic stress disorders and poisoning.
In the wake of a disaster, people encounter numerous emotional
interruptions due to their frightening experience. Anxiety, worry,
depression, and guilt include to the emotional disturbances that the
victims usually experience. Other people may go through disturbed
sleep through nightmares and flashback of the incidents. As an
escape to the situation, people use to drink alcoholic drinks and
use drugs.
B. Types of Flood
Anywhere and anytime, flood can occur. We are all vulnerable
to the negative impacts of flood. There is a need for us to
recognize the various types of flood and things to remember to
protect one’s self and the community.
Flash flood
This is due to the intense and heavy rainfall that leads to
the significant rise of water. This occurs in less than an hour that
destroys structures, down trees and washes out roads with little to
no warning time. This is common in areas with steep slopes.
River flood
Often occurs in a slower time than flash flood. This caused
when water runoff collects in rivers and streams that eventually
reached levels that overflow the banks.
Costal flood
This type of flood usually occurs when water pushed inland.
For instance, typhoons can produce large waves and can actually
raise the sea level. In addition, this can create storm surge among
areas that is near to the water.
Urban flood
Flash, river, and coastal flooding can cause this, but a heavy
rainfall in urban areas that do not have the enough capability to
absorb water more commonly triggers it.
Areal flood
Areal flood results standing water in low-lying areas and open
fields. This often occurs due to heavy rainfall over a larger area
in a brief period. Additionally, a prolonged period of rainfall can
also lead to flood, often causing dangerous inundation of low-lying
areas.
Agricultural losses can occur with this flood. Stagnant water
can serve as a breeding ground for insects and diseases.
C. Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Floods
Floods considered the most damaging climate-related hazard in
the world (Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2012). Thus, it is
necessary to know the different causes of flood for us to
distinguish the things we need to avoid and recognize the reasons of
flood incidence.
Rain
One of the leading contributors of flood is rain. Due to high
rainfall intensity in prolonged period, causes water to flow
overland and causes flood.
In areas that mostly covered with buildings and have small
drainage system, flood commonly observed when a heavy rainfall
occurs. The draining system does not deplete as fast as it should
be. This happens usually when a heavy rain sustained during a long
period, causing the water from street drainages to runoff and makes
flood to happen.
Overflowing rivers
In areas that are near in water bodies such as rivers, seas
and ocean experiences flood more often. The water rises happen that
could lead to a serious overflow when heavy rainfall.
This can also happen when a river holds more water than usual
resulting to a sudden discharge of water into lands leading to
flood.
Broken dams
Dams are synthetic structures used to hold water and generate
energy from it. Breakage in dams can lead to a rapid release of
water. This can affect low-lying areas that are nearby dams.
Sometimes, excessive water released to prevent it from
breaking.
Storm surges and tsunamis
Aside from heavy rainfall, other natural phenomena such as
storm surges and tsunamis due to typhoons can also lead to flood.
These commonly produced by earthquakes that can result to the
production of large waves that have effects on low-lying areas.
These phenomena were destructive for some structures like
buildings, houses and bridges that cannot withstand the water’s
capacity and strength.
Melting of glaciers and mountain tops
During summer, the ice and snow that built in during the
winter season melted resulting to a vast movement of water into
lands that are normally dry.
Topography
Topography of an area has a significant effect on the
existence of flood and negative consequences. Individuals living
near bodies of water and low- lying areas are prone to the risk of
flood.
Tuguegarao City is a province in Cagayan Valley that is
located at the northeastern part of Luzon. The city is at an
elevation of 30 meters above sea level having a longitude of 121.73
and altitude of 17.61. During wet season, it is one of the most
susceptible in the whole Cagayan Valley region for mapped as a flood
hazard zone and a catch basin of the waters coming from different
tributaries in the mountains surrounding the region.
D. Flood Victims’ Coping Mechanisms
Emergency and Humanitarian Action (EHA) Programme of WHO
defined coping mechanisms as the remedial strategies undertaken by
individuals whose survival and livelihood compromised or threatened.
Thus, this is an application of community’s knowledge in combating
hazards. Strategies used in the face of threats differs by vary by
region, community, social group, household, gender, age, season and
time in history. They usually adapt other people's previous
experience.
Individuals cope with natural disasters within the
availability of resources and vary to the nature of the hazard
posed. They tend to apply diverse strategies in different aspects.
Physical Aspects
Releasing body tension, taking a deep breath, rest and relax,
eating healthy foods and having physical activity, includes to the
coping strategies done by victims, in physical aspect.
Financial Assets
Communities raised their incomes through livelihood
diversification through setting up small retail shops and
agricultural diversification with poultry and livestock farming.
They also rely on the external support from government and other
partners in coping with floods (“Coping Strategies for Landslide and
Flood Disasters: A qualitative Study of Mt. Elgon Region, Uganda,”
2016).
Rabalao (2010) claimed in his study entitled “The Social,
Psychological and Economic Impact of Flooding in Ga-Motla and Ga-
Moeka Communities of Moretele District in North West Province, South
Africa” that the two communities expresses a deep and high concern.
Most people felt badly affected for not receiving sufficient
assistance and minimal percentage just tend to get help from the
government agencies.
Emotional Aspect
Disasters such as flood can affect many aspects of our lives,
one of which is the emotional capability and sense of control and
safety. These things, if not recognized may harm our physical and
mental health. This can also lead to emotional distress and
depression.
Deal with the emotional consequences, reclaiming your sense of
control and security, reach out for those who needs your help, seek
for medical assistance and talking to someone you love and trust,
includes to some of the coping strategies and techniques that can
help you deal with the impacts of this phenomenon (Division of
Mental Health and Addiction Services, n.d.)
Social Aspect
Due to the consequences of flood, the way in which people
live, live, work, play, relate to other, organizing to meet their
needs and generally cope as members of the community alters,
according to Prevention Consortium Secretariat (2007). It also
causes social disruption that leads to the destabilization of life
quality, both individuals and community (Werrity et al., 2007).
Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance
(2008) claims that dealing with the effects of flood; mutual support
among family members, neighbors and community is a useful approach.
Psychological Aspect
Twigger-Ross (2005) affirmed in his report that flood have the
potential of bringing immediate and long-term effects to
individuals. Most flood long-term effects aligned to the
psychological aspect.
Findings also showed on the research conducted by Rabalao
(2010) that in dealing with the impacts of flood psychologically,
many utilizes coping strategies like talking to family members,
friends, neighbors, having a counseling sessions, or doing nothing
at all. Short time is enough for other people to cope with, whereas
others took longer.
Spiritual Aspect
According to Sigmund Frued, religion is more than a defense
mechanism for it has the ability to influence our coping process. It
is also one of the common ways to surpass trauma and distress.
Religious belief and rituals are essential to everyone for it
can provide various suitable resources to help individuals cope with
threatening situations. The psychology of religion coping practice
told that religion could be a part of central structure of each
coping process.
These religious practices should take along in every community
worldwide. There is a need to know your own purpose in life.
Spirituality has proven to be the highest coping strategy
preferred after the floods and its impact (Rabalao, 2010)
Chapter III
Research Methodology
This chapter shows the methods and procedures used in the
research study such as; 1) Research Design, 2) Research Environment,
3) Research Instruments, 4) Research Samples and Sampling
Procedures, 5) Research Gathering Procedure, and 6) Treatment of
Data which were assumed by the researchers and included in the
discussion on this chapter.
A. Research Design
The type of qualitative research design used is case study
which aims to identify and analyse how the flood victims perceive
and cope up with the effects of flooding in Tuguegarao City,
Cagayan.
B. Research Environment
The proposed study will focus and mostly confined on the
analysis on the flood victims’ coping mechanisms. This study is
restrained at Tuguegarao City, Cagayan residents. The limit of this
study won’t be able to produce wide scale information of residents
of Tuguegarao City, Cagayan.
C. Research Sample and Sampling Procedures
The respondents of the study where limited to 25 randomly
selected residents ages 18 and above per barangay, who are currently
living within Tuguegarao City only. Probability sampling,
specifically the simple random will be utilized in choosing the
respondents.
D. Research Instruments
The researchers will use a set of questionnaire composes of
closed questions to systematically collect and obtain data. The said
questionnaire will have to undergo the reliability and validity test
before being distributed and used by the respondents and the
researchers. When going through the reliability and validity test,
the researchers will conduct a pilot testing of the questionnaire
and come up with results of which among the questions are accepted,
rejected and needs to be revised.
E. Research Gathering Procedure
First, researchers will ask permission from the City Mayor’s
Office. Then, they will also request for the approval of the
barangay captains within the city. After getting the approval from
the authorities, the researchers will start the distribution of the
questionnaires to the respondents personally (the questionnaire
first went through a pilot testing for the reliability and validity
test). Lastly, the researchers will get the answered questionnaires
back for data gathering. The respondents profile and feedbacks will
be protected and secured to the masses, following confidentiality as
one of the research ethics.
F. Treatment of Data
The data that will be gathered would be interpreted and
analysed through mean percentage score and descriptive statistical
analysis.
APPENDIXES
Appendix I.
Sample Letter Addressed
to the City Mayor and
Barangay Captains
March 4, 2019
JEFFERSON P. SORIANO
City Mayor
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Sir:
Christian Greetings!
The undersigned are currently enrolled at the Cagayan National

High School – Senior High School and undertaking a study on
“ANALYSIS OF THE FLOOD VICTIMS’ COPING MECHANISMS: A CASE
STUDY IN TUGUEGARAO CITY, CAGAYAN” and conducting an interview
with the residents of Tuguegarao City to know the flood
awareness and preparedness practices in the said city as
partial requirements for our subject, Practical Research 1.
May we respectfully request therefore for your cooperation in

allowing us to conduct an interview to your constituents. Rest
assured that the response/answers of your constituents will be
treated with utmost confidentiality and will be used
exclusively for this purpose.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Respectfully,
Researchers:
BUNAGAN,ALVIN G.
PANGCOGA,HAINAH S.
PARIS,QUEENALYNN M.
PORTILLO,FELMAR D.
Noted by:
JOVI S. DESEMRADA
Practical Research 1 Teacher
March 4, 2019
Barangay Captain
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Sir/ Madam:


allowing us to conduct an interview to your constituents. Rest
assured that the response/answers of your constituents will be
treated with utmost confidentiality and will be used
exclusively for this purpose.
Respectfully,
Researchers:
BUNAGAN,ALVIN G.
PANGCOGA,HAINAH S.
PARIS,QUEENALYNN M.
PORTILLO,FELMAR D.
Noted by:
JOVI S. DESEMRADA
Appendix II.
Letter to the Respondents
March 4, 2019
Ma’am/Sir:


providing information in response to the standardized
questionnaire. This is not a test, so please take your time.
Rest assured that your response/answers will be treated with
utmost confidentiality and will be used exclusively for this
purpose.
Respectfully,
Researchers:
BUNAGAN,ALVIN G.
PANGCOGA,HAINAH S.
PARIS,QUEENALYNN M.
PORTILLO,FELMAR D.
Noted by:
JOVI S. DESEMRADA
Appendix III.
Questionnaire on the Analysis of
Flood Victims’ Coping Mechanisms:
A Case Study in Tuguegarao City,
Cagayan Year 2019
Name (optional): _____________________________________________
Age: __________ Sex: _______ Phone Number: _______________
QUESTIONNAIRE
Instruction: Please put check in the space provided to the

answer of your choice. Answer with all honesty.
1. Causes of Flooding in Tuguegarao City

 excessive rainfall
 near the river
 broken dams
 storm surges
 tsunamis
 topography
 overflowing rivers
 water release in dams
 not enough drainage systems
 clogged canals
Others: ____________________________________________
2. Flood Coping Mechanisms in terms of:
A. Physical Health
 taking a deep breath

 resting and relaxing
 going to the near hospital
 eating healthy foods
 using medical kit
 using herbal medicines
 maintaining proper hygiene
 exercising
 avoiding junk foods
 sleeping
Others: ____________________________________________
B. Financial Assets
 decreasing daily allowance

 saving money
 having part time job
 borrowing money
 soliciting
 avoid buying unnecessary things
 having a small business
 receiving relief goods
 selling junks
 using recyclable materials
Others: ____________________________________________
C. Emotional Aspect
 reclaiming sense of control and security

 reaching out for help
 asking for medical assistance
 talking to someone you trust
 expressing your feelings and thoughts to someone
 playing musical instruments
 watching television
 going out for a walk
 keeping yourself distracted
 listening to songs
Others: ____________________________________________
D. Social Aspect
 talking to your family

 talking to your friends
 using social media
 talking to strangers
 talking to your classmates
 talking to your teachers
 talking to the guidance counselor
 expressing yourself trough letters

 writing blogs
 making friends trough Facebook
Others: ____________________________________________
E. Psychological Aspect
 asking for medical assistance

 having counseling sessions
 talking to your family
 talking to your friends
 doing nothing at all
 talking to your classmates
 talking to your teachers
 talking to the guidance counselor
 joining youth groups
 writing your thoughts
Others: ____________________________________________
F. Spiritual Aspect
 Going to church
 Praying at home
 Talking to your church mates
 Joining prayer groups
 Joining bible studies
 Doing voluntary church works
 Talking to priests
 Talking to nuns
 Talking to your pastor
 Joining the choir
Others: ____________________________________________
Appendix IV. A.
Informed Consent Letter
CONSENT FORM
I confirm that I have read and understood the information

about the project as provided in the Participant Information
Sheet dated March 1, 2019.
I confirm that that I have had the opportunity to ask

questions and the researcher has answered any questions about
the study to my satisfaction.
I understand that my participation is voluntary and that

I am free to withdraw from the project at any time, without
having to give a reason and without any consequences. I
understand that I can withdraw my data from the study at any
time.
I understand that any information recorded in the

investigation will remain confidential and no information that
identifies me will be made publicly available.
I consent to use of the data in research, publications,

sharing and archiving as explained in the Participant
Information Sheet.
I agree / do not agree to take part in the above study.
Name of Participant: _________________________________________
Date: ___________ Sex: ________ Phone Number: ________________
Signature: ___________________________________________________
Please retain one copy of the Consent Form for the Participant
and one for the Researcher
Appendix IV. B.
Informed Consent Letter
for Vulnerability
CONSENT FORM
By signing below, you are agreeing that: (1) you have read and
understood the Participant Information Sheet for this research
study dated February 21, 2019, (2) questions about your
child’s participation in this study have been answered
satisfactorily, and (3) you are willing for your child to take
part in this study voluntarily.
______________________________ __________________________
Name of the Parent/ Guardian Child’s Name
_________________________________
Parent/Guardian Signature
___________________________________________
Signature of the Person obtaining Consent
Please retain one copy of the consent form for the Participant
and/ or Guardian and one copy for the researcher.
Researchers:
BUNAGAN, ALVIN
PANGCOGA, HAINAH
PARIS, QUEENALYNN
PORTILLO, FELMAR
JOVI S. DESEMRADA
Practical Research I Adviser
Appendix V. A.
Documentation
BRAINSTORMING AND PROOFREADING. The researchers get themselves
hooked in idea sharing, encoding and proofreading their manuscript.
ORAL PRESENTATION. The researchers during the oral presentation.
REVISION AND INCORPORATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS. The researchers under
the process of copy reading and incorporating suggestions.
Appendix V. B.
Power Point Presentation
REFERENCES
A. Dissertations/ Journals/ Thesis
Berry Gersonious, Arwin Van Buuren, Marit Zetthof and Ellen Kelder.
Resilient Flood Risk Strategies: Institutional Pre-
conditions for Implementation.
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pNgsu-uauk.
Carla Stanke Virginia Murray Richard Amloột Dr Jo Nurse Proffesor
Richard Williams (May 30, 2012). The effects of
flooding on mental health: Outcomes and recommendations
from a review of the
literature http://currents.plos.org/disasters/index.htm
l%3Fp=1947.html?fbclid=IwaR0dctNULPBgQ6LN95QOvcgWuhgeAD
UDqequcYN6mCWhtzm9QKYAFITxfY.
International of Tuguegarao City in the Disaster City in the
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Law (February,
2018). International Journal of Advanced Research in
Management and Social Sciences.
Mwape & Yande (2009). An Impact of Floods on the Socio- economic
Livelihoods of People: A Case Study of Sikaunzwe
Community in Kazungula District of
Zambia. https://www.ufs.ac.za/docs/librariesprovider22/
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Osuret, Jimmy et al. (2016).Coping Strategies for Landslide and
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Rabalao (2010. The Social, Psychological and Economic Impact of
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Moretele District in North West Province, South Africa.
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Sanders & Tabuchi (2000). Decision Support System for Flood Risk
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265406908_Deci
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r_Thames_United_Kingdom.
Shelley Taylor in collaboration with the Psychological Working Group
(July, 1998) Coping Strategies. https://
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ox41DyyMBIyFK-A.
B. Books
Santiago et al. (2003). Environmental Science: A Shared
Responsibility towards the Earth.
Science Education Centre. Earth Science: The Philippine in Focus
C. Magazines/ Brochures/ Newspapers
Division of Mental Health and Addiction Services. Managing of The
Emotional Consequences of Storm and Flooding.
https://www.state.nj.us/humanservices/dmhas/home/
disaster/Sandy/FloodBrochure.pdf
D. Online Webpages
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Flood or Flooding.
https://www.fema.gov/flood-or-flooding.
Flood Manager E- Learning. Negative Socio-Economic Impacts of Flood.
daad.wb.tu-harburg.de/tutorial/integrated-flood-
management-ifm-policy-and-planning-aspects/social-
aspects-and-stakeholder-involvement/social-
aspects/negative-socio-economic-impacts-of-floods/.
Queensland Government. Understanding Floods. https:// chief
scientist.qld.gov.au/understanding-floods/flood-
consequences/.

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Republic of the Philippines

The Problem and Its Background

Philippines ranked as third most prone country for disasters

In Cagayan Province, Tuguegarao City includes to the

municipalities that are susceptible to severe flooding. As evidence,

aftermath of the typhoons such as Lawin, Ompong, Henry, and Rosita.

Focusing a comprehensive, all-hazard and community-based approach

to disaster risk reduction and management, Republic Act No. 10121,

otherwise known as the Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act

In response, the former City Mayor Delfin Telan Ting issued an

Executive Order No. 3 organizing the City Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Council (CDRRMC), which ensures the integration and disaster

risk reduction and climate change adaptation into local development

plans and programs.

Generally, this study conducted to assess the different impacts

financially, socially, emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually.

Respondents’ Profile: The researchers The researchers will

will conduct be able to produce

Age: 18 and above survey through an Action Plan on

Sex: Male and Female the use of how to cope up with

Location: Tuguegarao questionnaire, the effects of

City as technique flood. This study

for data will craft Policy

collection. and Regulation

the Local Government

Figure 1. Research Conceptual Framework

C. Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study aims to identify the different flood

coping mechanisms of Tuguegarao City, Cagayan residents by

conducting a survey to seek the answers for the following questions:

1. What are the causes of flooding in Tuguegarao City?

2. How do the residents perceive the effects of floods?

3. How do the residents cope up with flooding, in terms of the

3.1 Physical Health

3.2 Financial Assets

3.3 Social Health

3.4 Emotional Health

3.5 Psychological Health

3.6 Spiritual Health

D. Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study is entitled “Analysis of Flood Victims’ Coping

Mechanisms: A Case Study in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan.”

up and perceive with the effects of flood.

The scope of the study focuses on the different coping

mechanisms of the flood victims specifically among the residents of

Tuguegarao City. The study limits to individuals who are physically,

psychologically, socially, emotionally and spiritually challenged.

This study will be conducted within the premises of Tuguegarao

City on April 1- 15, 2019. The data to be gathered from the

respondents will only be used for research purposes and remains

This study can serve as an input regarding the LGU policy

recommendation and on flood information for the Local Government

Unit (LGU) as a guide in the flood mitigation and response policies

E. Significance of the Study

Researchers – this study fundamentally strengthened the

critical thinking skills and intellectual capacity of the

researchers. This will also serve as a learning experience, which

they can apply for future researches.

Residents – the residents will have an overview of the flood

coping mechanisms in different aspects and be able to use these for

Future Researchers – this study presented ideas that can use

as data basis in testing the validity of other related findings and

carrying out new researches.