SYLLABUS FOR CIVIL PROCEDURE

Atty. Victor Y. Eleazar

Rule 1 to 12

III. Civil Procedure

A. Actions
1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions
2. Meaning of special civil actions
3. Meaning of criminal actions
4. Civil actions versus special proceedings
5. Personal actions and real actions

Far East Bank v. Spouses Plaza, G.R. No. 154489, July 25, 2003

6. Local and transitory actions

7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem

Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011

Salva v. Magpile, G.R. No. 220440, November 8, 2017
De Pedro v. Romasan Development Corp., G.R. No. 194751, November
26, 2014

8. Payment of docket fees

Ballatan v. Court of Appeals, March 2, 1999, 304 SCRA 34

Fedman Development Corp. v. Agcaoili, G.R. No. 165025, August 31,
2011, 656 SCRA 354

Rule 1, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law 1, pp. 367-409

B. Cause of action
1. Meaning of cause of action

Turner v. Lorenzo Shipping Corp., G.R. No. 157479, November 24, 2010

2. Right of action versus cause of action

3. Failure to state a cause of action
4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action

Belle Corporation v. de Leon-Banks, G.R. No. 174669, September 19, 2012

Santos v. Santos-Gran, G.R. No. 197380, October 8, 2014
Guillermo v. Philippine Information Agency, G.R. No. 223751, March 15,


Date of last revision: 24 August 2019
2017

5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects

Umale v. Canoga Park Development Corp., G.R. No. 167246, July 20,
2011, 654 SCRA 155
Mallion v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 141528, October 31, 2006
Marilag v. Martinez, G.R. No. 201892, July 22, 2015
Damages in ejectment cases: Progressive Development Corp. Inc. v.
Court of Appeals, 301 SCRA 637; Read Herrera’s Critque on “damages
and costs”; See Teraña v. de Sagun, 587 SCRA 60

6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action

0 Rule 2, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. I, pp. 410-503

C. Parties to civil actions

1. Real parties in interest; indispensable parties;
Representatives as parties; necessary parties;
indigent parties; alternative defendants

Excellent Quality Apparel Inc. v. Win Multi Rich Builders, Inc., G.R. No.
175048, February 10, 2009
Alliance of Quezon City Homeowners’ Association, Inc. v. The Quezon City
Government, G.R. No. 230651, September 18, 2018
V-Gent Inc. v. Morning Star Travel and Tours, G.R. No. 186305, July 22,
2015
Navarro v. Escobido, November 27, 2009
Arcelona v. CA – NB: Read case in the SCRA and take note of the
Errata: Arcelona v. CA, 280 SCRA 20
Carandang v. De Guzman, November 29, 2006

Personality to sue; Estate of a decedent

Vda. de Borromeo v. Pogoy, G.R. No. 63277, November 29, 1983, 126
SCRA 217
Compare with: Ventura v. Militante, G.R. No. 63145, October 9, 1999
and Spouses Rodolfo Berot and Lilia Berot v. Siapno, G.R. No. 188944,
July 9, 2014
Boston Equity Resources v. CA, G.R. No. 173946, June 19, 2013
Heirs of Paciano Yabao v. Vand Der Kolk, G.R. No. 207266, June 25, 2014
Gaffney v. Butler, G.R. No. 219408, November 8, 2017

Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012

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 2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties

Limos v. Spouses Odones, G.R. No. 186979, August 11, 2010

Pacana-Contreras v. Rovila Water Supply, G.R. No. 168979, December 2,
2013
Divinagracia v. Parilla, G.R. No. 196750, March 11, 2015

Indispensable party v. Necessary party

Seno v. Mangubat, G.R. No. L-44339, December 2, 1987, 156 SCRA 113

3. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties

Pantranco North Express v. Standard Insurance, 453 SCRA 482

4. Class suit

Adm. Matter No. No. 88-1-646: Re Request of the Heirs of the Passengers
of Dona Paz to set aside the Order of Judge B.V. Chingcuangco,
promulgated on March 31, 1988, 159 SCRA 623

5. Suits against entities without juridical personality

6. Effect of death of party litigant

Navarra v. Liongson, G.R. No. 217930, April 18, 2016

7. Indigent party

Algura v. LGU of City of Naga, October 30, 2006

Ayala Land, Inc. v. The alleged heirs of the late Lucas Lactao, G.R. No.
208213, August 8, 2018

0 Rule 3, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 504-611

8. Transferee pendente lite

Medrano v. de Vera, G.R. No. 165770, August 9, 2010

D. Venue

1. Venue versus jurisdiction

2. Venue of real actions

Villanueva v. Judge Mosqueda, G.R. No. L-58287, August 19, 1982

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Union Bank of the Philippines v. Maunlad Homes Inc., G.R. No. 190071,
August 15, 2012
Latorre v. Latorre, G.R. No. 183926, March 29, 2010, 617 SCRA 88

3. Venue of personal actions

Marcos-Araneta v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154096, August 22, 2008

Garces v. CA, June 23, 1988, 162 SCRA504
Mangila v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125027, August 12, 2002

Hyatt Elevators and Escalators Corp. v. Goldstar Elevators Phils., 473

SCRA 705
Golden Arches Development Corp. v. St. Francis Square Holding Inc., 640
SCRA 227

0 See Rule on Venue in A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC (Rule on

Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages and
Annulment of Voidable Marriages), A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC (Rule
on Legal Separation) and A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC (Rule on
Adoption of Minors)

4. Venue of actions against non-residents

Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012

5. When the rules on venue do not apply

Gumabon v. Larin, G.R. No. 142523, November 27, 2001

6. Effects of stipulations on venue

Unimasters Conglomeration Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 119657, February 7,

1997
Briones v. CA, G.R. No. 204444, January 14, 2015
Ley Construction and Development Corp. v. Sedano, G.R. No. 222711,
August 23, 2017

7. Doctrine of forum non-conveniens

Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. v. Sherman, G.R. No. 72494,

August 11, 1989
Philippine Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Citibank, N.A. and Bank of America
S.T. & N.A., G.R. 170290, April 11, 2012, 669 SCRA 191

1 Rule 4, Rules of Court

2 Read Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 612-651

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 E. Uniformity of Rules

0 Rule 5, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 652-671
2 Revised Rule on Summary Procedure
3 Revised Rule on Small Claims Court

F. Pleadings
1. Kinds of pleadings
a) Complaint
b) Answer
(i) Negative defenses
(ii) Negative pregnant
(iii) Affirmative defenses
c) Counterclaims
(i) Compulsory counterclaim
(ii) Permissive counterclaim
(iii) Effect on the counterclaim when the
complaint is dismissed
d) Cross-claims
e) Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints
f) Complaint-in-intervention
g) Reply

Rule 6, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law 1, pp. 672-711
Answer Ex Abudanti Cautela? See Rosete v. Lim, G.R. No. 136051, June
8, 2006
Filing fees for compulsory counterclaim or cross-claims: See Korea
Technologies Co. Inc. v. Judge Lerma, G.R. No. 143581, January 7, 2008
Spouses Mendiola v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159746, July 18, 2012
Bungcayao Sr. v. Fort Ilocandia Property Holdings and Development Corp.,
G.R. No. 170483, April 19, 2010
Villanueva-Ong v. Enrile, G.R. No. 212904, November 22, 2017
Firaza Sr. v. Ugay, G.R. No. 165838, April 3, 2013
May defendants in civil cases implead in their counterclaims persons
who were not parties to the original complaints? See Lafarge Cement
Phil. Inc. v. Continental Cement Corp., G.R. No. 155173, November 23,
2004; Sapugay v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 86792, March 21, 1990
Banco de Oro v. Court of Appeals, 468 SCRA 166
GSIS v. Heirs of Caballero, G.R. No. 158090, October 4, 2010
Sy-Vargas v. Estate of Rolando Ogsos, Sr., G.R. No. 221062, October 5,
2016
Philtranco Service Enterprises Inc. v. Paras, G.R. No. 161909, April 25,
2012

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When counterclaim exceeds court jurisdiction: See Agustin v. Bacalan,
G.R. No. L-46000, March 18, 1985, 135 SCRA 340; Cajo v. Ajax
International, Inc., G.R. No. L-22485, March 13, 1968, 22 SCRA 966
Paramount Life & General Insurance v. Castro, G.R. No. 195728, April 19,
2016
Intervention: Bon-Mar Realty and Sport Corp. v. Spouses de Guzman,
G.R. No. 182136-37, August 29, 2008; Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 174385,
February 20, 2013

2. Pleadings allowed in small claim cases and cases

covered by the Rules on Summary Procedure

3. Parts of a pleading
a) Caption
b) Signature and address
c) Verification and certification against forum
shopping
(i) Requirements of a corporation executing
the verification/certification of non-
forum shopping
d) Effect of the signature of counsel in a pleading

Rule 7, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 712-760
See Sec. 8, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC
See Sec. 5 (a), A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC
Vda. de Formoso v. PNB, June 1, 2011
Bank of Philippine Islands v. Court of Appeals, October 6, 2010
Heirs of Lazaro Gallardo v. Soliman, G.R. No. 178952, April 10, 2013
Heirs of Josefina Gabriel v. Cebrero, G.R. No. 222737, November 12, 2018
Arevalo v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. No. 193415, April 18, 2012
Petition for Relief from Judgment: Argana v. Republic, G.R. No.
147227, November 19, 2004, 443 SCRA 184
Petition for Issuance of Writ of Possession: de Guzman v. Chico, G.R.
No. 195445, December 7, 2016
What constitutes forum shopping: Brown-Araneta v. Araneta, G.R. No.
190814, October 9, 2013; Clark Development Corp. v. Mondragon Leisure
and Resorts Corp., G.R. No. 150986, March 2, 2007
Heirs of Josefina Gabriel v. Cebrero, G.R. No. 222737, November 12, 2018
Galang v. Peakhold Finance Corp., G.R. No. 233922, January 24, 2018

4. Allegations in a pleading
a) Manner of making allegations
(i) Condition precedent
(ii) Fraud, mistake, malice, intent,
knowledge and other condition of the

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 mind, judgments, official documents or
acts
b) Pleading an actionable document
c) Specific denials
(i) Effect of failure to make specific denials
(ii) When a specific denial requires an oath

Rule 8, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 761-793
Tumpag v. Tumpag, G.R. No. 199133, September 29, 2014
Santos v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 183034, March 12, 2014
Heirs of Nicolas S. Cabigas v. Limbaco, G.R. No. 175291, July 27, 2011
Heirs of Andres Naya v. Naya, G.R. No. 215759, November 28, 2016

5. Effect of failure to plead

a) Failure to plead defenses and objections
b) Failure to plead a compulsory counterclaim
and cross-claim

6. Default
a) When a declaration of default is proper
b) Effect of an order of default
c) Relief from an order of default
d) Effect of a partial default
e) Extent of relief
f) Actions where default are not allowed

Rule 9, Rules of Court

Rule 11, Rules of Court
Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 794-823
Read: Herrera Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 857-863
Manuel Uy and Sons, Inc. v. Valbueco, Inc., G.R. No. 179594, September
11, 2013
Gajudo v. Traders Royal Bank, March 21, 2006
Lina v. CA, 135 SCRA 637
Lui Enterprises v. Zuellig Pharma Corp., G.R. No. 193494, March 12,
2014, 719 SCRA 88
Republic v. Hidalgo, G.R. No. 161657, October 4, 2007
Arquero v. CA, G.R. No. 168053, September 21, 2011, 658 SCRA 70
Benedicto-Muñoz v. Cacho-Olivarez, G.R. No. 179121, November 9, 2015
Sec. 8 (2), Special Rule of Procedure on Declaration of Absolute
Nullity of Void Marriage
Sec. 5 (b) and (c), Special Rule of Procedure in Legal Separation

7. Filing and service of pleadings

a) Payment of docket fees

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 b) Filing versus service of pleadings
c) Periods of filing of pleadings
d) Manner of filing
e) Modes of service
(i) Personal service
(ii) Service by mail
(iii) Substituted service
(iv) Service of judgments, final orders or
resolutions
(v) Priorities in modes of service and filing
(vi) When service is deemed complete
(vii) Proof of filing and service
f) Notice of lis pendens

Rule 13, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 873-915
Philippine Savings Bank v. Papa, G.R. No. 200469, January 15, 2018
Gatmaytan v. Dolor, G.R. No. 198120, February 20, 2017
Gagoomal v. Villacorta, G.R. No. 1092813, January 18, 2012, 663 SCRA
444
Homeowners Savings and Loan Bank v. Felonia, G.R. No. 189477,
February 26, 2014
J. Casim Construction Supplies, Inc. v. Registrar of Deeds of Las Piñas,
G.R. No. 168655, July 2, 2010
Valderama v. Arguelles, G.R. No. 223660, April 2, 2018

8. Amendment
a) Amendment as a matter of right
b) Amendments by leave of court
c) Formal amendment
d) Amendments to conform to or authorize
presentation of evidence
e) Different from supplemental pleadings f) 1

Rule 10, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 824-856
Read Regalado and Riano on issue on amendment in case of
jurisdictional issues on the original pleading
Yujuico v. United Resources Asset Management, Inc., G.R. No. 211113,
June 29, 2015, 760 SCRA 610
Siasoco v. CA, G.R. No. 132753, February 15, 1999
Citystate Savings Bank v. Aguinaldo, G.R. No. 200018, April 6, 2015
Dela Cruz v. Concepcion, October 11, 2012
Diona v. Balangue, G.R. No. 173559, January 7, 2013
Central Bank Board of Liquidators v. Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage
Bank, G.R. No. 173399, February 21, 2017

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 G. Summons
1. Nature and purpose of summons in relation to
actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem
2. Voluntary appearance
3. Personal service

Sec. 128, Corporation Code

Sec. 190, Insurance Code; now Sec. 196 of PD 612 as amended by
10607
Sec. 76, General Banking Law of 2000, R.A. No. 8791
Onstott v. Upper Tagpos Neighborhood Association, G.R. No. 221047,
September 14, 2016
Sansio Philippines Inc. v. Mogol Jr., G.R. No. 177007, July 14, 2009

4. Substituted service
5. Constructive service (by publication)
a) Service upon a defendant where his identity is
unknown or where his whereabouts are
unknown
b) Service upon residents temporarily outside
the Philippines
6. Extra-territorial service, when allowed
7. Service upon prisoners and minors
8. Proof of service

Rule 14, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 916-985
Atiko Trans Inc. and Cheng Lie Navigation Co. Ltd. v. Prudential
Guarantee and Assurance Inc., G.R. No. 167545, August 17, 2011
De Pedro v. Romasan Development Corp., G.R. No. 194751, November
26, 2014, 743 SCRA 52
NM Rothschild & Sons (Australia) Ltd. v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining
Co., G.R. No. 175799, November 28, 2011, 661 SCRA 328
A.M. No. 11-3-6-SC
Manotoc v. CA, 499 SCRA 21
Pascual v. Pascual, December 4, 2009
Yuk Ling Ong v. Co., G.R. No. 206653, February 25, 2015
Chu v. Mach Asia Trading Corp., G.R. No. 184333, April 1, 2013
Ang v. Chinatrust, G.R. No. 200693, April 18, 2016
Interlink Movie Houses, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 203298, January 17, 2018

H. Motions
1. Motions in general
a) Definition of a motion
b) Motions versus pleadings

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 c) Contents and form of motions
d) Notice of hearing and hearing of motions
e) Omnibus motion rule
f) Litigated and ex parte motions
g) Pro-forma motions

Rule 15, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 986-1003
De los Reyes v. Ramnani, G.R. No. 169135, June 18, 2010
Ramos v. Teves, A.M. No. P-12-3061, June 27, 2012; see Pojas v. Gozo-
Dadole, 192 SCRA 575
Victory Liner Inc. v. Malinias, G.R. No. 151170, May 29, 2007
Palileo v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. No. 193650, October 8, 2014,
738 SCRA 1
Zosa v. Consilium, Inc., G.R. No. 196765, September 19, 2018
Ti v. Diño, G.R. No. 219260, November 6, 2017

2. Motions for bill of particulars

a) Purpose and when applied for
b) Actions of the court
c) Compliance with the order and effect of
noncompliance
d) Effect on the period to file a responsive
pleading

Rule 12, Rules of Court

Read Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 864-872

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