CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Buying and selling of used goods is something that has been done for centuries.

Throughout the last 20 years, rapid growth of second-hand products consumption has got

the attention of researchers and raised the question why customers buy second-hand

products. The consumption of second-hand products is increasing daily. Therefore it is

important to pay attention to the factors that affect the purchase of second-hand products

since it is not a simple form of mercantilism. It's a lifestyle, a way to acquire goods that

we need and get rid of those that we do not see as useful anymore.

Second-hand products can be defined as the reuse of an old product while

maintaining its original functionality (WRAP, 2013, p. 7). In some Europeans countries,

have long traditions of second-hand products consumption. For example, The United

Kingdom, the purchase of used or second-hand products is an activity that is deeply

rooted in the society (Davis, 2010, p.270-277). However, due to economic factors, with

focus on the recent economic crisis, people from different countries including Spain and

France have actively joined the second hand market (Guiot & Roux, 2010, p.356,

Williams & Paddock, 2003, p.318-319).

The purpose of this study is to understand attitudes and purchasing intentions in

regards to the purchasing of second-hand clothing among the tourists of Baguio. Due to

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this, we would like to know how customers are purchasing second-hand products and

which factors are influencing customers when they decide to buy second-hand products.

Considering the rapid popularity and increasing trade of second-hand products

consumption it is an interesting field of research. We also want to find out the clothing

preference of tourists in Baguio and the difference between their chosen preferences with

the citizens of Baguio. This knowledge can help people involved in the fashion and the

second-hand clothing industry to understand the market and understand how and who to

sell.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA model)

Recently there have been a few fashion related studies using the TRA model

(Marcketti & Shelley, 2009; Shim and Drake, 1990; Xu, Summers & Belleau, 2004).

These studies include attitudes towards purchasing clothing online, attitudes towards

purchasing counterfeit fashion and attitudes towards purchasing alligator skin fashion.

Because applying this model to fashion is relatively new, these studies have used

questions from previous studies in another field and applied them to their own to produce

a more reliable research. For example, to measure attitudes towards purchasing

counterfeit clothing this study applied questions from Bang, Ellinger, Hadjimarcou, &

Traichal's (2000) study about renewable energy attitudes (Marcketti & Shelley, 2009). To

apply accurate attributes to their study they drew on previous studies about counterfeiting

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to better understand their subject (Marcketti & Shelley, 2009). In our research for fashion

related studies using the TRA model it is evident that it is common to use involvement as

an external variable. More specifically the Fashion Involvement Index is commonly used

to measure the fashion involvement of their respondents to better predict behaviour.

The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA model) The theory of reasoned action

model, hereafter called the TRA model, was developed as an extension of the Fishbein

expectancy model which measures attitude toward an object. Today the TRA model is the

dominant conceptual framework for predicting and explaining behaviour (Ajzen, 2012).

The TRA model is considered a more developed method of measuring consumer attitude

as it measures the attitude towards the act of buying, rather than the attitude towards the

product itself (Ajzen, 2012). By understanding how someone feels about purchasing a

product rather than solely the attitude towards the product, the TRA model becomes a

more valid measure of attitude (Ajzen, 2012). Due to these considerations we find this

model to be the best for our study. The model is shown in figure 1 below and is adapted

from Ajzen (2012).

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 RESEARCH PARDIGM

INPUT PROCESS

1). What is the demographic profile of the a). The researchers will be using the quantitative
respondents as to:
research design that will focuse on descriptive
a). Gender c) Hometown
research.
b) Age

2). What clothing fashion to they prefer on buying b). The researcher4s will float questionnaires
secondhand clothes as to :
focusing on answering the different question.
a) Gender c) Hometown

b) Age

3). How much do the respondents spend in buying

second-hand per piece as to:

a) Gender c) Hometown OUTPUT

b) Age a). Respondents prefer affordable and high class

4). What are their perceptions about secondhand
clothing stalls in terms of:
a). Quality c). Items sold
b). Affordability
5). What are the benefits they get upon
patronizing secondhand clothing.
quality second-hand clothing which are able to
withstand or suitable for the environment their
in.
b). There will be more respondents that will
spend about 200 pesos and below. Female
tourists spends more money than male tourists.
c). The tourists buys second-hand clothing
because of expenses.

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Our input will focus on the questions that will be floated to the tourist that is npatronizing

secondhand clothing. The process will focus on the research instrument that we will be

using to be able to find answers to our questions. Our expected output for the research is

base on the answers we would like to get nad is based on the hypothesis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to know why tourist patronized second-hand clothing. It

specifically seeks to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents as to:

a. Gender

b. Age

c. Hometown

2. What clothing fashion do they prefer on buying second-hand clothes as to:

a. Gender
b. Age
c. Hometown
3. How much do the respondents spend in buying second-hand per piece as to:
a. Gender
b. Age
c. Hometown
4. What are their perceptions about secondhand clothing stalls in terms of:
a. Quality
b. Affordability
c. Items Sold
5. What are the benefits they get upon patronizing secondhand clothing?

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HYPOTHESIS

Alternative Hypothesis,

a) What is the demographic profile of the respondents as to:

1) Female respondents will outnumber male respondents
2) Respondents age will be at 16 and above.
3) Citizens of Metro Manila usually visits Baguio City.

b) Tourists prefer affordable and high class quality second-hand clothing which are

able to withstand or suitable for the environment their in.

c) Tourists are able to spend about 200 pesos and below. Female tourists spends

more money than male tourists.

d) Tourists buy second-hand clothings depending on the durability,price and what is

needed.

e) Tourists get a reasonable price for buying second-hand clothing and tend to get

branded products.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To the Respondents,

This study will help respondent have knowledge of clothing interest on their

actions on buying second-hand clothing at the market or online. Also, it will prove how

respondents are more sensitive to the price and qualities of the clothes that they are

buying.It will also help them to know about choosing products according to qualities,

brands, and prices.

To the Stall Owners,

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 This study will help vendors who sell second hand clothing will help them on how

they will prosper their business to make it more attractive to their customers like tourists.

Also it will help them to figure out what style that their customers prefer for.

To the Researchers,

This study will contribute additional knowledge and will serve as a reference in

making their own research. The researchers will also know how they will turn this topic

to become meaningful and not just a topic only.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Budget – Amount of cash that can be divided to buy second-hand.

2. Clothing – items or garment is worn to cover the body.

3. Factors - A circumstance or influence such as quality that contributes to a result or

outcome.

4. Fashion – A combination of all the clothing the wearer prefers.

5. Ethnicity - state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or

cultural tradition.

6. Gender - the state of being male or female respondents.

7. Hometown - the town where one was born or grew up

8. Needs - cannot avoid or help doing something without it.

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 9. Patronize - to be a frequent or regular customer that comes in a daily or weekly or

monthly basis.

10. Preference – what the people want or what will satisfy their need.

11. Second-hand Clothing - Clothing previously owned and usually previously worn.

12. Spend – A certain amount of money used to buy goods.

13. Tourists – Visitors from other cities.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

INTERNATIONAL

According to Dr. Lars Perner (2010) defines consumer attitude simply as a

composite of a consumer’s beliefs, feelings, and behavioral intentions toward some object

within the context of marketing. A consumer can hold negative or positive beliefs or

feelings toward a product or service. A behavioral intention is defined by the consumer’s

belief or feeling with respect to the product or service.

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 Based on Strugatz (2013) the geographic phenomena of where to buy, purchase

and delivery to the consumer are all key factors in the stages of the decision making

process. Consumers are no longer limited geographically or by the local businesses in

their city to make a purchase Social media has allowed brands and designers to connect

with the public in an instant.

Consumers shop to satisfy their own style preferences. Whether they follow

trends or have a distinct type they choose to follow their penchant for a certain style

influences them to purchase specific items over others. Traditional and second-hand

fashion, clothing styles can be categorized as the following: Classic, Hipster, Bold &

Fashion Forward, Eclectic, Utilitarian, Casual Style and Sportswear attire. There is a

wide range of styles and it is important to note that every individual may not fit in one

category isolated from other styles. However these styles stem from how each shopper

identifies themselves as individuals and within their reference groups

According to a 2007 survey by the AMP Agency women tend to be more smart

consumers than men, simply because they are willing to invest the time and energy

necessary to research and compare products. At the same time, their two-sided brain

approach to problem solving makes them more susceptible to emotional appeals than a

man, while According to Jim Foster, marketing consultant and retail coach, “Men

generally shop alone. Men seldom compare prices. Men don’t care if the item is on sale.

Men really don’t care about the color. Men sometimes compare quality, but usually only

9|Page
when it involves tools, which means that men are less likely to hunt for bargains or use

coupons. Men are also more likely to accept a less-than-ideal product.

In 1974, The literature on consumer decision-making theories stems from 1974,

wherein models generally consider the shopper’s motivations, search for options,

evaluating what is available and making a selection, drawing heavily from the social

sciences and business.

Customers buy a product when they want to fulfill a certain need. When fulfilling

these needs, the customer follows a buying process. This process is considered as a

problem solving process which a customer needs to solve (Solomon 2009, p.350).

According to Gupta and Kim (2010) value is what the consumer gets for what

they give. The act of comparing the benefits and sacrifices and perceived value will result

in an outcome of purchase intention or rejection.

In 1948, Rosencranz developed a test to measure an individual's clothing interest.

Her findings indicated age, rural or urban background, occupation, and income showed a

positive relationship with scores on the Clothing Interest Questionnaire. There has been

much criticism of this test concerning its validity but nonetheless it is considered a

landmark study into an area which had not been investigated.

Chronicle (2008) submits that in Ghana, many people prefer using second hand

cloths, as it is the only way they afford to wear decent clothing, due to high cost of new

clothes, even the locally made ones. According to Evelyn Ackah, a hairdresser, she

10 | P a g e
prefers second hand clothes, since they are cheaper and more durable as compared to the

ones sold in boutiques. According to her, she has always been an admirer of second hand

clothes also known as “folks”, pronounced “foes”. Nana Ama Boadu has different

reasons altogether, though she is a seamstress, she sees second hand clothing to be more

stylish than the sewed ones which are new. According to her, the second hand clothing

were stylish for activities such as going to the beach, club, parties, touring and any other

activity or occasions that demand the wearing of nice casual clothes.

NATIONAL

Manila (CNN Philippines Life) — While there is the issue of the “gentrification”

of ukay-ukays because of online personalities who talk about thrift shopping on their

platforms, there are also people who have used ukay-ukay as a more sustainable

alternative to dressing up.

“Ukay-ukay is really about the whole aspect of individuality and sustainability,”

says Fed Pua, owner of It’s Vintage, a pop-up shop that sells second hand clothes. “The

clothing industry is the second largest water pollutant in the world. That's why I think

people right now are more conscious about that and they really don't want to be a part of

the whole problem.”

“It affirms what is relevant for today, that sustainability is a non-negotiable,” says

Monica Vivar, Denuo’s chief brand director. “If we are responsible businesswomen, we

have to take that into account, making sure that our output doesn't add to the waste and

just recirculating garments.”

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 According to Lucy Norris(2012) The used clothing economy brings into one

frame the links between the market, materiality and morals, revealing complex

connections as gifts of clothing are commodified by charities in the Global North, sold

onto the international market, and become a resource for developing local livelihoods in

the Global South. The heterogeneity of materials and the temporalities of fashion cycles

and disposal strategies create a variable supply of unknown quality and quantity, for

which differential markets must be developed, yet more work needs to be done to

understand where the maximum value is extracted, and how this might be measured;

issues of reciprocity, power and inequality are implicated at each stage. This article

suggests that the specificity of the secondhand clothing economy has much to offer

contemporary theoretical concerns with economization, marketization, and the

convergence of economic value with cultural values.

According to Francis Villa (2018) Recycling used products from other countries

might have inherent risks yet many consumers continue to patronize them. Thus, this

investigation was made primarily to identify the factors that give rise to the patronage of

“ukay-ukay” commodities in Davao City, Philippines. The other factors included

conventional reasons such as durability, wide array of choices and availability of branded

products at a low cost. More so, clothes are best buys for occasional shopping. Group

references, like relatives, friends and co-workers, influenced the respondents in buying

“ukay-ukay” products.

LOCAL

12 | P a g e
 According to James S. Apolinar in the Philippines, the market for second-hand

garments flourished from its considered capital, Baguio City, province of Benguet despite

the law that prohibits the wholesale of second hand clothes. Although Republic Act

number 4653 (ratified July 1966) has been enacted, there is no clear implementation of

this law.

The study aims to find the significant differences in each of the business practices

of second-hand garment by the number of years in business and the indicators of

sustainability of second-hand garment business when grouped according to the number of

years in business, and the significant relationship between the sustainability of

secondhand garment business and the business practices of secondhand garment.

The number of years in business has an impact to sustainability in terms of

environmental resource efficiency but not with corporate social responsibility and

profitability. The store owners’ level of perception of business practices of second-hand

garment in terms of environmental and economic areas are significantly related to

sustainability of second-hand garment but not in social area of business practices. It was

found out that economic area is the most significant predictor and has the greatest impact

in the sustainability of the second-hand garment business.

According to Veronica L. Isla (2013) Baguio City’s Session Road was the only

well-known hub of second hand clothing shops in Luzon. The geographical coverage of

the trade. It shows that a nation’s particular discourse is an expression of its socio-

economic context. However, since the used clothing trade is a global phenomenon that

13 | P a g e
transcends national boundaries, used clothing traders, retailers, and consumers unite in

challenging the beliefs driven by institutions that regulate and compete with this trade.

The response of these institutions has blurred the boundaries separating the formal and

informal, the legal and illegal, and the Philippines exemplifies this.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method which was used in gathering and compiling

information about the Factors Influencing the Patronization of Secondhand Clothing

among the Tourist of Baguio. It also discusses the tool and procedure that we use in

gathering the data and statistical treatment used in analyzing and interpreting the data.

RESEARCH DESIGN

14 | P a g e
 This research adopted a descriptive research design to investigate the factors

influencing the patronization of secondhand clothing among the tourist of Baguio.

Descriptive research determines the practices and gathers information.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted by the researchers at Harrison Road, Baguio City

Night Market.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

A self-determined questionnaire was used as the research instrument in this

research. The questionnaire sought information for the data gathering process to get

quantitative data. The research is divided into two parts:

Part I- Letter to the Respondents

Part II- Questionnaires

DATA PROCEDURE GATHERING

We will be using the descriptive research and will ask the respondents to answer

our se3lf-administered questionnaires. The researchers are composed of five members

that will manage the floating questionnaires. The researchers will introduce their names

and the purpose of conducting the study. The actual range of the questionnaire will range

to aqminimum of 5 days.

CONTROL of EXTENEOUS VARIABLE

15 | P a g e
 The data that will be gathered will be treated statistically using frequency and

percentage. The collected data will be tabulated. The data gathered were the Factors

Influencing the Patronization of Secondhand Clothing among the Tourist of Baguio. The

presentation of the data will be shown through frequency counts and the tabulated data

will be presented in ascending order. Also graphs will be used to illustrate the

summarized findings from the research.

The following formula will be used to compute the percentage (P):

f
p= x 100
n

Where in: P=Percentage f= Frequency n= total amount of items in your data

Weighted Mean it is to measure of central tendency it will present the average of the data.

x́=
∑ fi xi Where, x¯x¯ = weighted mean xi = x1,x2,x3 = Items given.
∑ fi

To determine the minimum and the maximum length of the 5-point Likert type scale, the

range is calculated by (5 − 1 = 4) then divided by five as it is the greatest value of the

scale (4 ÷ 5 = 0.80). Afterwards, number one which is the least value in the scale was

added in order to identify the maximum of this cell.

Range Interpretation
1.0 - 1.79 No Impact at all/No effect at all

1.80 – 2.59 Less Impact/Slight Effect

2.60 – 3.39 Average Impact/Has an Effect
3.40 – 4.19 More Impact/Moderate Effect

16 | P a g e
 4.20 – 5.0 Most Impact/Extreme Effect
highest −lowest
Range=
class

5−1 4
Range= = = 0.8
5 5

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

SUMMARY OF RESPONSES

The following data is a representation of the summary of the respondents gathered

through the self-administered questionnaire. The data is presented in tabular form.

There is a total of 102 respondents.

17 | P a g e
 Hometown Gender Age

Male % Female % Less than 20 21-25 26-30 31-35

Baguio 3 2.94% 1 0.98% 1 2 1 0

Batangas 7 6.86% 2 1.96% 1 3 3 2
Bicol 0 0 4 3.92% 1 1 2 0
Bulacan 3 2.94% 0 0 0 2 1 0
Davao 3 2.94% 5 4.90% 2 3 3 0
Ilocos 2 1.96% 7 6.68% 1 6 2 0
La Union 3 2.94% 6 5.88% 7 1 1 0
Manila 13 12.75% 9 8.82% 5 11 4 2
Marawi 1 0.98% 3 2.94% 1 3 0 0
Mt Province 3 2.94% 0 0 1 2 0 0
Nueva Ecija 0 0 5 4.90% 2 3 0 0
Pampanga 4 3.92% 2 1.96% 3 3 0 0
Pangasinan 8 7.84% 8 7.84% 3 8 4 1

50 49.02% 52 50.98% 28 48 21 5

Total 102 102

Table 1 Demographic Profile

18 | P a g e
 Table 1 shows the number of respondents in correlation to the age and hometown bracket. There are more male and

female respondents who came from the City of Manila with a total number of 11 respondents aging between 21-25 years old.

According to leasing.dmcihomes.com chilly weather even on summer days are one main reason why people from other

cities with hot weather tend to go in Baguio. They want to experience the hot chilly weather and also because they want to visit

the well-known night market where they could find a lot of affordable and branded second-hand clothes that will fit their own

preferences.

Table 2.1 Fashion Style Preference based on the respondent’s preference by Gender

Fashion Styles Gender

Male Female
F % F %
Classic 41 82% 46 88.46%

Bold & Fashion Forward 35 70% 19 36.54%

Eclectic 29 58% 28 53.85%

Utilitarian 30 60% 20 38.46%

Casual Style 35 70% 38 73.1%

19 | P a g e
 Hipster 26 52% 13 25%

Sportswear 33 66% 21 40.39%

Total 299 185

Fashion Style Preference

Male Female

88%
82%
70% 70% 73%
66%
58% 60%
54% 52%
38% 40%
37%
25%

ss
ic rd tc ia
n
yl
e ter ea
r
a r wa l ec ar St i ps sw
Cl Fo Ec tlit u a l H
or
t
n U s Sp
io Ca
sh
Fa
&
ld
Bo
Figure 1 Fashion Style Preference
based on the respondents preference by Gender
Table 2 shows that both male and female respondents patronize more on classic wear or fashion style. The table shows that
82% of male population and 88.46% of the female respondents prefer Classic fashion style because these are just basics

20 | P a g e
clothing that they could wear anytime and anywhere. They prefer to keep their outfit simple, timeless, affordable and business-
like.

According to Lunceford (2010, p. 66), “male students choose a specific article of clothing because of how it makes
them feel or because it downplays what they consider to be unattractive aspects of their bodies while accentuating their best
features but they wanted it be simple not overdressed” While women wants to wear something simple yet fashionable style.

21 | P a g e
Fashion Hometown
Styles Baguio Batangas Bicol Bulaca Davao Ilocos La Manila Marawi Mt. Nueva Pampanga Pangasin
n union Province Ecija an
F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F %
Classic 4 22 7 20.5 3 21 3 21. 6 18 7 18 6 18 20 21 3 25 3 20 5 29. 5 18.5 14 22.9
.4 4 .9 .3 4

Bold & 3 16.7 6 17.6 1 7 3 21. 5 15 5 13 5 15 11 11 1 8.3 2 13.3 0 0 3 11.1 7 11.5

Fashion 4 .5 .7
Forward
Eclectic 4 22.2 5 27.7 3 21 0 0 4 12 3 8. 5 15 16 17 2 16.7 2 13.3 1 5.8 3 11.1 9 14.5
.4 1

Utilitaria 3 16.7 5 27.7 1 7 2 14. 3 9 5 13 4 12 12 12 0 0 3 20 3 17. 4 14.8 5 8.19

n 2 .5 .8 65

Casual 1 5.5 4 11.7 2 14 3 21. 6 18 7 18 4 12 18 19 4 33.3 3 20 4 23. 5 18.5 11 18

Style .2 4 .9 .1 5

Hipster 2 11 4 11.1 1 7 0 0 1 3 6 24 5 15 9 9. 1 8.3 0 0 1 5.8 3 11.1 5 8.1

.3 6

Sportswe 1 5.5 3 8.8 3 21 3 21. 8 24 4 10 4 12 8 8. 1 8.3 2 13.3 3 17. 4 14.8 10 16.4

ar .4 4 .8 5 6

Total 18 34 14 14 33 37 33 94 12 15 17 27 61

Table 2.2 Fashion Style Preference based on the respondents preference by Hometown.
Table 2.2 shows the result of respondents chosen preference on fashion style based on

hometown. The table shows that most of the respondents from different places have the

same chosen preferences and they chose classic type of fashion style.

According to leasing.dmcihomes.com chilly weather even on summer days are

one main reason why people from other cities with hot weather tend to go in Baguio.

They want to experience the hot chilly weather and also because they want to visit the

well-known night market where they could find a lot of affordable and branded second-

hand clothes that will fit their own preferences.

 Hometown Range
1-400 401-600 601-800 801-1000 1000-1200
X - 200.5 X – 500.5 X – 700.5 X – 900.5 X – 1100.5
f fx f fx f fx f fx f fx
Baguio 0 0 1 500.5 0 0 3 2,701.5 0 0
Batangas 2 401 2 1,001 3 2,101.5 2 1,801 0 0
Bicol 1 200.5 0 0 1 700.5 1 900.5 0 0
Bulacan 0 0 0 0 2 1,401 1 900.5 0 0
Davao 2 401 2 1,001 1 700.5 2 1,801 1 1100.5
Ilocos 0 0 3 1,501.5 4 2,802 1 900.5 1 1100.5
La Union 1 200.5 3 1,501.5 4 2,802 1 900.5 0 0
Manila 3 601.5 5 2,502.5 7 4,903.5 6 5,403 1 1100.5
Marawi 2 401 0 0 1 700.5 1 900.5 0 0
Mt Province 2 401 0 0 0 0 1 900.5 0 0
Nueva Ecija 4 802 0 0 1 700.5 0 0 0 0
Pampanga 1 200.5 1 500.5 2 1,401 2 1,801 0 0
Pangasinan 6 1,203 3 1,501.5 2 1,401 5 4,502.5 0 0
TOTAL 24 4,812 20 10,010 28 19,614 26 23,413 3 3301.5
Table 3 Spent on Buying Second-Hand Clothing N=102
 Spent on Buying Second-Hand Clothing
25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
e

L
n
io

an
n

ila
as

ija

a
s
l

i
aw
co

TA
ng
co

nc
io
ca

va
gu

ng

in
an

TO
Ec
Bi

Il o

Un
Da

ar
la

pa
vi
Ba

ta

as
ro
M

a
Bu

m
Ba

ev
La

ng
tP

Pa
Nu

Pa
M

Figure 2 Spent on Buying Second-Hand Clothing

 Table 3 shows that 601-800 pesos is the most spent on buying second-hand

clothing.According to Francis Villa (2018) The other factors included conventional

reasons such as durability, wide array of choices and availability of branded products at a

low cost. Since the tourists tend to go to night market they can go for a decent price

second-hand clothings for its durability,wide array of choices and availability of branded

product.

Table 4.1a Factors the respondents consider when buying in secondhand

clothing stalls in terms of Quality by Gender. Male N=50 Female N=52

Quality Gender

Male Female

F % F %

Well known stalls often offers branded products 37 74% 34 65.39%

I look carefully to find the best value for my money and 38 76% 40 76.92%
watch how much I spend.

I often need the assistance of other people when making 29 58% 38 73.1%
important purchase decisions like choosing between two
different designs.

I like to know where the apparel comes from (which 32 64% 23 44.23%
country it’s made or where it came from)

I buy on stalls that offer rare, unique and branded 39 78% 27 51.92%
products..

Total 175 162

 Table 4.1a shows that female respondent are most likely to consider taking time

on finding the best value of their money and watch how much they spend while male

respondents are most likely to consider finding unique and branded product on stalls.

According to Francis Villa (2018) Recycling used products from other countries might

have inherent risks yet many consumers continue to patronize them. Thus, this

investigation was made primarily to identify the factors that give rise to the patronage of

“ukay-ukay” commodities in Davao City, Philippines. The other factors included

conventional reasons such as durability, wide array of choices and availability of branded

products at a low cost. More so, clothes are best buys for occasional shopping. Group

references, like relatives, friends and co-workers, influenced the respondents in buying

“ukay-ukay”

Table 4.1b Factors the respondents consider when buying in secondhand

clothing stalls in terms of Affordability by Gender. Male N=50 Female N=52

Affordability Gender
Male Female
F % F %
I always buy apparel that are useful to me and are 38 76% 40 76.92%
offering for reasonable price.
I am willing to spend time to compare prices among 36 72% 35 67.31%
shops in order to buy lower priced apparel
I am willing to buy apparel that is branded even if it’s 31 62% 23 44.23%
offered in high price
I am willing to buy second-hand products that are not 32 64% 24 46.15%
appealing to the eyes if it’s offered in lower price.
I buy secondhand products that offers buy 1 take one 32 64% 29 55.77%
when selling their products.
 Total 169 151

Table 4.1b shows the results for what the respondents consider when buying in

secondhand clothing stalls in terms of affordability. The results shows that 76.92% almost

80% of the female respondents are willing to spend time comparing prices of products

among shops in order to buy lower priced apparel while most of the male respondents

consider buying apparel that are useful to them and who offers reasonable prices.

According to a 2007 survey by the AMP Agency women tend to be more smart

consumers than men, simply because they are willing to invest the time and energy

necessary to research and compare products. At the same time, their two-sided brain

approach to problem solving makes them more susceptible to emotional appeals than a

man, while According to Jim Foster, marketing consultant and retail coach, “Men

generally shop alone. Men seldom compare prices. Men don’t care if the item is on sale.

Men really don’t care about the color. Men sometimes compare quality, but usually only

when it involves tools, which means that men are less likely to hunt for bargains or use

coupons. Men are also more likely to accept a less-than-ideal product.

Table 4.1c Factors the respondents consider when buying in secondhand clothing

stalls in terms of Items Sold by Gender. Male N=50 Female N=52

Items Sold Gender

Male Female

F % F %

I choose to buy on stalls that sell second-hand shoes, 29 58% 28 53.85%

heels, slippers and footwear accessories.
 I often buy on stalls that offers sweatshirts, jackets and 27 54% 33 63.46%
hoodies
I prefer stalls that offers rare printed shirts, polo, jackets 31 62% 21 40.39%
or hoodies
I buy on stalls that offer distinctive accessories like 36 72% 27 51.92%
caps, bonnets, bracelets, earrings, necklace and others.
I prefer buying on stalls that offers good quality and 29 58% 38 73.1%
durable pants, pajamas, jogging pants or track pants,
shorts and leggings.
I buy on stalls that offers food and drinks 33 66% 30 57.69%
Total 185 177

Table 4.1c shows the result of the respondents according to what they consider

when buying second hand clothes in terms of items sold. The table shows that most of the

male respondents buy on stalls that offer distinctive accessories like caps, bonnets earing

resulting to 72% while women on the other side consider buying on stalls that offers good

quality and durable pants like pajamas, jogging pants or track pants with the result of

73.1% .

According to Evelyn Ackah, a hairdresser, she prefers second hand clothes, since

they are cheaper and more durable as compared to the ones sold in boutiques. According

to her, she has always been an admirer of second hand clothes also known as “folks”,

pronounced “foes”. Nana Ama Boadu has different reasons altogether, though she is a

seamstress, she sees second hand clothing to be more stylish than the sewed ones which

are new. According to her, the second hand clothing were stylish for activities such as

going to the beach, club, parties, touring and any other activity or occasions that demand

the wearing of nice casual clothes.

 Table 5 How does the benefits affect you as a second-hand user N=102

Benefits Wx Interpretation

a.Helping the environment 4.39 Extremely Important

b. Saves a lot of money 4.42 Extremely Important

c. Be able to get real or branded 3.81 Very Important

products

d. More durable than most 3.88 Very Important

clothings

e. Supporting local 3.71 Very Important

business/small business

f. You stand out and become 3.52 Very Important

unique

g. You gain a wide array of 3.3 Moderately Important

clothing choices
h. You are able to stay with the 3.19 Moderately Important
trend

Total Average Mean 3.78 Very Important

Table 5 Shows that item B with a mean of 4.42 has the highest mean and was interpreted

as extremely important.Following by the Items A which was interpreted as extremely

important, D,C,E,F which was interpreted as very important, and G and H interpreted as moderately

important. Overall mean was 3.78 which mean that the benifits of second-hand clothing to the

respondents were very important. According to James S. Apolinar, the number of years in business

has an impact to sustainability in terms of environmental resource efficiency but not with

corporate social responsibility and profitability, this indicates that it helps the

environment and also it saves money.

CHAPTER V

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

This chapter shows the summary and findings and the conclusion that were gathered from

the results and the recommendations of the researchers who address about the Factors

Influencing The Patronizing Of Second-Hand Clothing Among The Tourist Of Baguio;

1. To determine the number of tourists that goes to the “Night Market” to buy

second-hand clothings. The main reason that people from other cities with hot

weather tend to go in Baguio. They want to experience the hot chilly weather and

also because they want to visit the well-known night market where they could

find a lot of affordable and branded second-hand clothes that will fit their own

preferences.
2. To determine the fashion style preference based on the respondent’s preference by

Gender, both male and female respondents resulting to 82% of male respondents

and 88.46% of female respondents chose Classic fashion style. On the other hand,

12.75% of the male respondents came from manila and 8.82% of female

respondents also came from it.

3. To determine how much money the respondents spent in patronizing second hand

clothing resulted to 28.56% chose 601-800 price reasons such as durability, wide

array of choices and availability of branded products at a low cost the tourists tend

to go to night market they can go for a decent price of second-hand clothing.

4. To determine the factors the respondents consider in buying stalls according to

quality by gender 78% of the male respondents chose to buy on stalls that offer

rare, unique and branded products, while 76.92% of the female respondents

considered to look carefully to find the best value of their money and watch how

much they spend. While the factors the respondents consider in buying apparel

according to affordability resulted that 76% of the male respondents choose to

buy apparel that are useful to them and are offering for reasonable price. Same as

for the female respondent who also choose it with the result of 76.92%. On the

other hand the factors the respondents consider when buying on stalls in terms of
 items sold shows that 72% of the male respondents said that they buy on stalls

that offer distinctive accessories like caps, bonnets, bracelets, earrings, necklace

and other, while female respondents choose to buy on stalls that offers good

quality and durable pants, pajamas, jogging pants or track pants, shorts and

leggings.

5. The benefits the respondents get item B (it saves a lot of money) with a mean of 4.42 has

the highest mean and was interpreted as extremely important. The number of

years in business has an impact to sustainability in terms of environmental

resource efficiency , this indicates that it helps the environment and also it saves

money.

Conclusion

Based on the analyzed data, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. There are more female respondents who patronized second hand clothing than

male respondents. Both male and female respondents are between ages of 15-

35 years old. Most of our respondents came from Metro Manila. Therefore,

hypothesis A is accepted.
2. Most respondents preferred classic style which is a mid-class quality it is

affordable to everyone, and is suitable for the environment their in so

hypothesis B is accepted.
3. Tourist are able to spend more than 6oo pesos and so hypothesis C is not

accepted.
4. Tourists chose to be more conscious about how much they spend on second-

hand clothing, and wanted more to be unique for their fashion style, and
 branded products then it indicates that most of them wants a durable clothing

to last longer so hypothesis D is accepted.

5. Hypothesis D was both accepted and denied. Tourists tends to be more eco-

friendly so it saves the environment and they get a reasonable price for it

which implies that the tourists wants to save the environment and want an

affordable price for the product but tourists think that getting a branded

product is moderately important.

Recommendations

1. The Respondents- The researchers recommend the respiondents to search for a

more decent price and has good condition.We the researchers suspect that tourists

aren’t searching good enough to get unique branded products that has low price.
2. The Business People- The researchers recommend the business people to have

more products that are in good condition and durable products that helps tourists

on their daily lives on their hometown.

3. The Future Researchers- The researchers recommend the future researchers to

have more respondents from different places and to list down their target

respondents to be able to have wide range of opportunity and gain wider

knowledge about their related study.

4. The City of Baguio – The researchers recommend the city/community of Baguio

to help our fellow Filipino’s on their choices of second-hand clothing.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Agra Florence Emefa (2015) The Impact of the Use of Second-Hand Clothing on

the Garment and Textile Industries in Ghana: A Case Study of the Ho

Municipality retrieved from

https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RHSS/article/view/27090
2) Esther Katende (2017) The Impact of Second Hand Clothes and Shoes in East

Africa retrieved from http://www.cuts-geneva.org/pdf/PACT2-STUDY

The_Impact_of_Second_Hand_Clothes_and_Shoes_in_East_Africa.pdf
3) Francis Villa (2018) A Study of Clothing Purchasing Behavior By Gender with

Respect to Fashion and Brand Awareness retrieved from

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7088
4) James S. Apolinar (2015) Sustainability of second-hand garment business

retrieved from https://nbmconference.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/78-92.pdf

5) Jeanette Carolyn Christie (1980) CLOTHING INTEREST AND SHOPPING

PATTERNS OF USED-CLOTHING-STORE PATRONS retrieved from

https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/17329/31295002558871.pdf?

sequence=1
6) lucy Norris (2012) Trade and Transformation of Second Hand clothing Retrieved

fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/262820272_Trade_and_Transforma

tions_of_Secondhand_Clothing_Introduction
7) Sally Baden and Catherine Barber(2005) The impact of the second-hand clothing

trade on developing countries retrieved from

https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/112464/rr-

impact-second-hand-clothing-trade-developing-countries-010905

en.pdf;jsessionid=3D6F384C4E7CAA1D311D2413DEDDC1E0?sequence=1
8) Veronica L. Isla (2013) Investigating second-hand fashion trade and consumption

in the Philippines: Expanding existing discourses retrieved from

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469540513480167
9) Nithyaprakash Venkatasamy (2015) Fashion trends and their impact on the

societyhttps://www.researchgate.net/publicaton/282571020_Fashion_trends_a

nd_their_impact_on_the_society
APPENDICES
 STI College Baguio

Senior High School

Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

We, the students of Accountancy, Business and Management of grade 12 are

currently conducting a research entitled “FACTORS INFLUENCING THE
PATRONIZATION OF SECOND-HAND CLOTHING AMONG THE TOURIST
OF BAGUIO” for the compliance of our subject Inquiries, Investigate, Immersion

Concerning this, we would like to ask your full cooperation in answering questionnaires
honestly and truthfully to accomplish this research. This is confidential and will only be
used for the study.

Truly Yours,

ABM-12A Students

Part I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents (Please write your answer on the space
provided).

Name (Optional):______________________ Date:_______________

a. Gender: _______________
b. Age:________
c. Hometown:_____________
d.

Part II. Questionnaire

Direction: Put a check mark on the blank space that corresponds to your answer for every
question. If not please specify on the space provided.

1. What fashion style do you prefer? (Check as many as you can)

Fashion Style Characteristics Check

(/)
 Classic It is something worth lasting or with a timeless quality; of the first or highest
quality and class
Examples: Pair of jeans, white shirt, cardigan, little black dress, Blazers, black
shirt, slim black pants and suits
Bold & Enjoy unique colors and trimmings. Clothes that is rare and hard to find.
Fashion Examples: vintage clothes, reptile handbags and shoes, platform shoes, pillbox
Forward hats
Eclectic It is all about fun and playful style. Bright colors, loud patterns. They are open
to everything and mixing and matching.
Examples: colorful or printed winter coats, shoes in colors you wouldn’t
normally buy such as yellow or turquoise, bags in unusual shapes, different
styles of hats, oversized tops.
Utilitarian They opt for a comfortable and easy going style with sneakers, and clothing
with some stretch. Utilitarian and practical in nature.
Examples: army jackets, cargo pants, jumpsuits, military style
Casual Style Mainstream style that is comfortable and simple for the individual to grab
from their closet and go.
Examples: Polo shirts, turtlenecks, jeans, jackets, khakis, hoodies, summer
dresses, skirts, sneakers, loafers and sandals
Hipster This style is aimed to be non-conforming. Flannels in muted and slightly
faded colors are a staple.
Examples: oversized scarves, distressed denim, wayfarer sunglasses, motor
boots, clothing and oversized glasses.
Sportswear Sportswear or active wear is clothing, including footwear, worn for sport or
physical exercise. Or it can be a crop top. Sport-specific clothing is worn for
most sports and physical exercise, for practical, comfort or safety reasons.
Examples: tracksuits, shorts, T-shirts and polo shirts, Specialized garments
include swimsuits (for swimming), wet suits (for diving or surfing), ski
suits(for skiing), and leotards (for gymnastics)
Others (specify):____________________

2. How much do you spend in buying second-hand clothing?

_____ Less than 400 pesos
_____ 401- 600 pesos
_____ 601-800 pesos
_____ 801-1000 pesos
_____ More than 1000
3. What are the factors you consider when buying in secondhand clothing stalls in
terms of Quality, Affordability and Items Sold? (Check as many as you can)
 Factors Check(/)
Quality
 Well known stalls often offers branded products
 I look carefully to find the best value for my money and watch how much I
spend.
 I often need the assistance of other people when making important purchase
decisions like choosing between two different designs.
 I like to know where the apparel comes from (which country it’s made or
where it came from)
 I buy on stalls that offer rare, unique and branded products..
Affordability
 I always buy apparel that are useful to me and are offering for reasonable
price.
 I am willing to spend time to compare prices among shops in order to buy
lower priced apparel
 I am willing to buy apparel that is branded even if it’s offered in high price.
 I am willing to buy second-hand products that are not appealing to the eyes if
it’s offered in lower price.
 I buy secondhand products that offers buy 1 take one when selling their
products.
Items Sold
 I choose to buy on stalls that sell second-hand shoes, heels, slippers and
footwear accessories.
 I often buy on stalls that offers sweatshirts, jackets and hoodies
 I prefer stalls that offers rare printed shirts, polo, jackets or hoodies
 I buy on stalls that offer distinctive accessories like caps, bonnets, bracelets,
earrings, necklace and others.
 I prefer buying on stalls that offers good quality and durable pants, pajamas,
jogging pants or track pants, shorts and leggings.
 I buy on stalls that offers food and drinks

4. In range of 1-5 in ascending order how are these benefits affects you as a second-
hand clothing customer?

5- Extremely Important (EI) 2- Slightly Important (SI)

4- Very Important (VI) 1-Not Important at all (NIA)

3- Moderately Important (MI)

 BENEFITS 5 4 3 2 1
(EI) (VI) (MI) (SI) (NIA)
 Helping the Environment

 Saves a lot money

 Be able to get real or branded products
 More durable than most clothing’s
 Supporting local businesses/small
businesses
 You stand out and you become unique
 You gain a wide array of clothing
choices.
 You are able to stay with the trend
42 | P a g e
CURRICULUM

VITAE

Name: Marcelino, Marion C.

Date of Birth: August 3, 2000

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Place of Birth: SLU Baguio City

Sex: Male

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic

Father’s Name: Renee R. Marcelino

Mother’s Name: Carmen C. Marcelino

Siblings: 2

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Baguio City Academy Colleges Inc,

High School: Angel Of Wisdom Academy

Senior High School: STI College Baguio

Motto: “What happens, happens there were no other reasons for it”

44 | P a g e
Name: Tunday, Jamima M.

Date of Birth: October 3, 2000

Place of Birth: Baguio City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Muslim

Father’s Name: Omar Tunday

Mother’s Name: Raida Tunday

Siblings: 10

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Manuel Roxas Elementary School

High School: Pines National High School

Senior High School: STI College Baguio

Motto: Whatever problem life throws at you, catch them and think them as a lesson

while making them oppurtunities

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Name:Yusoph, Najerah

Date of Birth: October 3, 2000

Place of Birth: Baguio City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Muslim

Father’s Name:

Mother’s Name:

Siblings:

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Manuel Roxas Elementary School

High School: Pines National High School

Senior High School: STI College Baguio

Motto:

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