CSP Exam Equation Fully Explained DEMO

CSP EXAM Equations 2020 Dr.
Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

1

CSP EXAM Equations 2020 Dr. Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

CSP EXAM Equations simply explained and with
examples
by Dr. Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

2020
1


The author would like to thank the following reviewers for their insightful
comments and efforts towards improving this book:
Michael McCawley, Ph.D. – West Virginia University.

Lorenzo Cena, Ph.D. – West Chester University.
Clive Diaz, PE - Stratified, Inc.
Denise Pitts, MS, CSP, CIH - CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company
Published by: Apub

Copyright: Daniel Farcas, 2019
Editor: Daniel Farcas Jr.
Kindle Edition Available

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Also available:
CIH EXAM Equations simply explained and with
examples
ISBN‐13: 978‐1700473417

CONTENT
3


EQUATIONS SHEET……………….……………………………….…...5
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION ……………………………………15
QUADRATIC EQUATION ………………………………….………….18
MECHANICS……………………………………………………………….19
ELECTRICITY……………………………………………………………….27
ERGONOMICS……………………………………………………………34
HEAT STRESS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY…………………….38
CONCENTRATIONS OF VAPORS AND GASES………………40
GAS LAWS…………………………………………………………………43
VENTILATION…………………….………………………………………46
RADIATION………………….…………………………….………………60
NOISE……………….…………………………….………………………..66
HEAT TRANSFER……………….…………………………….………..73
ENGINEERING ECONOMY………………………….………………75
HYDROSTATIC AND HYDRAULICS………………….…………..79
RELIABILITY…………………………………………………….…………88
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY……………………….………….90
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART…………………………….…….….….103
4


UNIT CONVERSIONS 1 curie = 3.7x1010 becquerel PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

1 becquerel = 1 disintegration/sec
Length acceleration of gravity = 32.2 ft/sec2 = 9.8m/sec2
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 30.48 cm Density of Water
1 micron = 10‐4 cm 1 mile = 5,280 ft 1 gm/cm3 = 1.94 slugs/ft3 velocity of light = 3.0 x 108 m/sec
1 angstrom = 10‐4 cm (weight density = 62.4 lb/ft3)
Volume Planck’s constant = 6.626 x 10‐34 J‐sec
1 liter = 1.06 qt = 61.02 in3 = 0.03531 ft3 Angles
180 Avogadro’s number = 6.024 x 1023/ gram‐mole
1 radian
π
Mass
1 kg = 2.2 lb 1 lb = 454 gram Light
1 candela = 1 lumen/steradian STANDARDS
Pressure 1 footcandle = 10.76 candela/m2 = 10.76 lux
1 atm = 14.7 psi STP (Physical Science) = 0⁰C and 1 atm
= 760 mm Hg Magnetic Fields
= 29.92 in Hg STP (Ventilation) = 70⁰F and 1 atm
= 33.90 ft H20 1 tesla = 10,000 gauss air density = 0.075 lb/ft3 @ 70⁰F and 1 atm
= 760 torr
= 101.3 kPa Energy STP (Industrial Hygiene) = 25⁰ C and 1 atm

Temperature 1 British thermal unit (BTU) = 1,055 joules
t 32 1 faraday = 9.65 x 104 coulombs
t 1 gram‐calorie = 4.19 joules
1.8
t⁰K = t⁰C + 273 t⁰R = t⁰F + 460 1 gram‐mole @ 0⁰ C and 1 atm = 22.4 liters
@ 25⁰ C and 1 atm = 24.45 liters
Radiation 1 ampere‐hour = 3,600 coulombs
1 rad = 10‐2 gray 1 watt = 1 joule/sec = 1 ampere x 1 volt
1 rem = 10‐2 sievert 1 kwh = 3.6 x 106 joules

5


TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS MECHANICS ELECTRICITY

sin A = a/c cos A = b/c tan A = a/b
Page 15 Page 15 Page 16 F = µN P.E. = mgh R ρ V = IR P = VI
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C Page 19 Page 24
𝐤𝐱 𝟐
Page 27 Page 28 Page 28
Page 16 F1D1 = F2D2 𝐏. 𝐄.
𝟐
𝐚 𝐛 𝐜 Page 20 Page 24
Rseries = R1 + R2 + … + Rn

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂 v = v0 + at p = mv Page 29
Page 17 Page 21 Page 25 1 1 1 1
𝐚𝐭 𝟐
⋯
𝐬 𝐯𝟎 𝐭 F = ma R R R R
𝟐
Page 29
Page 22 Page 25
BOOLEAN POSTULATES 1 1 1 1
⋯
A + B = B + A 𝐯 𝟐 𝐯𝟎 𝟐 𝟐𝐚𝐬 W = mg C C C C
A ∙ B = B ∙ A Page 22 Page 26 Page 30
A(B ∙ C) = (A ∙ B)C Cparallel = C1 + C2 +…+ Cn
A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C 𝐦𝐯 𝟐 Page 31
𝐊. 𝐄. W = Fs
A(B + C) = (A ∙ B) + (A ∙ C) 𝟐 Lseries = L1 + L2 +…+ Ln
Page 23 Page 26
A + (B ∙ C) = (A + B) ∙ (A + C) Page 32
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
⋯
𝐋𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐋𝟏 𝐋𝟐 𝐋𝐧
Page 33
QUADRATIC EQUATION

𝐛 √𝐛 𝟐 𝟒𝐚𝐜
𝐱𝟏 , 𝐱𝟐
𝟐𝐚
Page 18

6


ERGONOMICS (REVISED NIOSH LIFTING EQUATIONS)
RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM
Page 34
RWL (kg) = (23) (25 / H) [1‐(0.003 IV‐75l )] [0.82 + (4.5 / D)] (1 – 0.0032 A) (FM) (CM)
Page 35
RWL (lb) = (51) (10 / H) [1‐(0.0075 IV‐30l )] [0.82 + (1.8 / D)] (1 – 0.0032 A) (FM) (CM)
Page 36
Frequency Multiplier Table
Frequency Work Duration
Lift/min. ≤ 1 Hour > 1 but ≤ 2 Hours > 2 but ≤ 8 Hour

(F)++ V < 30+ V ≥ 30 V < 30 V ≥ 30 V < 30 V ≥ 30
𝐋 ≤ 0.2 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.85 0.85
𝐋𝐈
𝐑𝐖𝐋 0.5 0.97 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.81 0.81
1 0.94 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.75 0.75
Page 37
2 0.91 0.91 0.84 0.84 0.65 0.65
Coupling Coupling Multiplier Table 3 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.79 0.55 0.55
Type V < 30 inches V ≥ 30 inches 4 0.84 0.84 0.72 0.72 0.45 0.45
(75 cm) (75 cm) 5 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.35
Good 1.00 1.00 6 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.27 0.27
Fair 0.95 1.00 7 0.60 0.70 0.42 0.42 0.22 0.22
Poor 0.90 0.90 8 0.52 0.60 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.18
9 0.45 0.52 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.15
10 0.41 0.45 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.13
11 0.37 0.41 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00
12 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00
13 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
>15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

+
Values of V are in inches
++
For lifting less frequently than once per 5 minutes,
set F = 0.2 lifts/minute.
7


HEAT STRESS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT Page 38
(Indoors; no solar heat load)
WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DB Page 38
(Outdoors; with solar heat load)

8


CONCENTRATIONS OF VAPORS VENTILATION 𝐆 𝐆 𝐐 𝐂𝟐 𝐐 𝐭𝟐 𝐭𝟏
𝐐 𝐥𝐧
AND GASES 𝐂 𝐆 𝐐 𝐂𝟏 𝐕
𝐦𝐠
𝐱 𝟐𝟒.𝟒𝟓 Q = VA 𝐕 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟓 √𝐕𝐏 Page 55 Page 55
𝐦𝟑
𝐩𝐩𝐦 Page 40 Page 46 Page 47
𝐌𝐖.
𝟏 𝐍𝐭
𝐏𝐕 𝐗 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝐓𝐋𝐕𝐦 𝐟𝟏 𝐟𝟐 𝐕 𝟒𝟎𝟓 𝐂𝐞 𝐒𝐏𝐡 TP = SP + VP 𝐂
𝐆
𝟏 𝐞 𝟔𝟎 𝐂
𝐟𝐧
𝐓𝐋𝐕𝟏 𝐓𝐋𝐕𝟐
⋯ 𝐓𝐋𝐕𝐧 Page 48 Page 49 𝐐 𝐏𝐛
Page 41 Page 56 Page 57
𝐋𝐅𝐋𝐦
𝟏
𝐒𝐏𝐟𝐚𝐧 𝐒𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐒𝐏𝐢𝐧 𝐕𝐏𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝟐 𝐐
𝐟𝟏 𝐟𝟐 𝐟 𝐥𝐧 𝐭 𝐭𝟏
𝐕 𝟐
𝐧
𝐋𝐅𝐋𝟏 𝐋𝐅𝐋𝟐
⋯ 𝐋𝐅𝐋 Page 50 𝐂𝟏
𝐧
𝐐 Page 58
Page 41 SPh = VP + he 𝐕
𝟏𝟎𝐱 𝟐 𝐀
Page 51 Page 51
𝟏 𝐂𝐞 𝟐 𝐕𝐏 𝐕𝐏
𝐡𝐞
𝐂𝐞 𝟐
𝐂𝐞
𝐒𝐏𝐡

Page 53 Page 53
𝟒𝟎𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐱 𝐒𝐆 𝐱 𝐄𝐑 𝐱 𝐊
𝐐 Page 54
𝐌𝐖 𝐱 𝐂
GAS LAWS Value of Gas Constant
PV = nRT
Page 43 Absolute Pressure
𝐏𝟏 𝐕𝟏 𝐏𝟐 𝐕𝟐
𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐
Volume Temp Moles Atm Psi mm Hg In Hg ft H2O
Page 44 gm 0.00290 0.0426 2.20 0.0867 0.0982
0
K
lb 1.31 19.31 999.0 39.3 44.6
ft3
gm 0.00161 0.02366 1.22 0.0482 0.0546
0
R
lb 0.730 10.73 555.0 21.8 24.8
gm 0.08205 1.206 62.4 2.45 2.78
0
K
lb 37.2 547.0 28,300.0 1,113.0 1,262.0
liters
gm 0.0456 0.670 34.6 1.36 1.55
0
R
lb 20.7 304.0 15,700.0 619.0 701.0
9


RADIATION NOISE HEAT TRANSFER
(Ionizing) (Non‐Ionizing)
𝐝𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝐏 𝟒𝐏 𝐩𝟐 𝐋𝐏𝐢 𝐐 𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐
𝐈𝟐 𝐈𝟏 𝐖 𝐈 𝐋𝐏𝐓 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 ∑𝐍
𝐢 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝐇 𝐤𝐀 Page 73
𝐝𝟐 𝛑𝐃𝟐 𝐀 𝛒𝐜 𝚫𝐭 𝐋
Page 60 Page 62 Page 66 Page 66
𝐆𝐏 𝐀𝐏 𝐖 𝐏
S≌6CE 𝐖 𝐋𝐰 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝐋𝐩 𝟐𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝐝𝐁 HYDROSTATICS AND HYDRAULICS
𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟐 𝛌𝟐 𝐫 𝟐 𝐖𝟎 𝐏𝟎
Page 60 Page 63 Page 67 Page 68 𝐩 𝐅 𝐡 𝐯𝟐
𝐮𝐱 𝐍 𝐯
𝐈 𝐈𝐨 𝐞 𝐄𝐞𝐟𝐟 ∑ 𝛌 𝐒𝛌 𝝙𝛌 𝟖 𝐂𝐢
𝐚 𝟐𝐠
Page 61 Page 64 𝐓 𝐋 𝟗𝟎 𝐃 𝟏𝟎𝟎 Page 79 Page 80
𝐓 𝐢
𝟐 𝟓 𝐢 𝟏
𝛌 𝐩 𝐐𝟐
𝐈 𝐁𝐈𝐨 𝐞 𝐮𝐱 𝐜 𝛌𝐟 Page 69 Page 69 𝐡
𝐩 𝐩𝐯
𝐓 𝐰 𝟖𝟗𝟏𝐝𝟒
Page 62 Page 65 𝐝 𝟎 Page 81 Page 82
𝐝𝐁 𝐝𝐁 𝟐𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝐝
𝟏
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS Page 70 𝐒 𝐑 𝟐 𝟎.𝟓𝟒 𝐐𝟏 𝐏𝟏
𝐐𝟐 𝐐𝟏
𝐒 𝐑 𝟏 𝟎.𝟓𝟒 𝐐𝟐 𝐏𝟐
F = P(1+i)n P = F(1+i)‐n 𝐃 Page 83 Page 84
𝐓𝐖𝐀 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟗𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Page 75 Page 75 𝐯𝐀 𝟐 𝐩𝐀 𝐯𝐁 𝟐 𝐩𝐁
𝟏 𝐢 𝐧 𝟏 𝐢
Page 71 𝐙𝐀 𝐳𝐁 𝐡𝐀𝐁
𝐅 𝐀 𝐀 𝐅 𝟐𝐠 𝐖 𝟐𝐠 𝐰
𝐢 𝟏 𝐢 𝐧 𝟏
𝐀𝟐 Page 84
Page 76 Page 76 𝐝𝐁 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎
𝐀𝟏
𝟏 𝐢 𝐧 𝟏 𝐢 𝟏 𝐢 𝐧 𝟒.𝟓𝟐𝐐𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝐏 𝐀 𝐀 𝐏 Page 71 𝐏𝐝 P = (Q/K)2
𝐢 𝟏 𝐢 𝐧 𝟏 𝐢 𝐧 𝟏 𝐂 𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝐝𝟒.𝟖𝟕
Page 77 Page 78 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔 𝐏𝛂𝟏.𝟒 Page 86 Page 87
𝐍𝐑 𝐝𝐁/𝐟𝐭
𝐀
RELIABILITY Page 72

Pf 1 R t
Page 88
𝐑𝐭 𝐞 𝛌𝐭
Page 88

𝐏𝐟 𝟏 𝐏𝐬
Page 89

10


STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

∑ 𝐱𝟐 ∑ 𝐱𝟐 𝟔∑ 𝐃 𝟐 𝐧!
𝐬 (x = X ‐ X) 𝛔 𝐫𝐬 𝟏 𝐏𝐤 𝐧
𝐍 𝟏 𝐍 𝐍 𝐍𝟐 𝟏 𝐧 𝐤 !
Page 90 Page 91 Page 94 Page 100
𝐗 µ 𝐗 µ 𝐧!
𝐭
𝐬
√𝐍 𝟏
𝐬
√𝐧 𝐂𝐤 𝐧
𝐤! 𝐧 𝐤 !

𝐍 ∑ 𝐗𝐘 ∑𝐗 ∑𝐘 Page 95 Page 100
𝐫 𝛘 µ
𝐍 ∑ 𝐗𝟐 ∑ 𝐗 𝟐 𝐍 ∑ 𝐘𝟐 ∑𝐘 𝟐
𝐳
Page 92 𝛔 𝛌𝐭 𝐫 𝐞 𝛌𝐭 𝐭/𝐦 𝐫 𝐞 𝐭/𝐦
Page 96 𝐏 𝐫
𝐫! 𝐫!
𝐤 𝟐 Page 101
x = X ‐ X 𝐨𝐣 𝐞𝐣
𝟐
y = Y ‐ Y 𝛘
𝐞𝐣 𝐚𝐦 𝐞 𝐚
𝐣 𝟏 𝐏𝐦 𝐏 𝐗 𝐦 where a > 0, m = 0,1,2,..
𝐦!
Page 98 Page 102

∑ 𝐗𝐘
𝐫
∑ 𝐗𝟐 ∑ 𝐘𝟐

Page 93

11


Areas Under the
Standard Normal Curve from 0 to z

z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0754
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2258 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2518 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2621 0.2652 0.2673 0.2704 0.2736 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2996 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4028 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4937 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
12


Table of Percentage Points of the
t Distribution

0.25 0.10 0.05 0.01

1 1.000 3.087 6.314 31.821
2 0.816 1.886 2.920 6.965
3 0.765 1.638 2.353 4.541
4 0.741 1.533 2.132 3.747
5 0.727 1.476 2.105 3.365
6 0.718 1.440 1.943 3.143
7 0.711 1.415 1.895 2.998
8 0.706 1.397 1.860 2.896
9 0.703 1.383 1.833 2.821
10 0.700 1.372 1.812 2.764
15 0.691 1.341 1.753 2.601
20 0.687 1.325 1.725 2.528
25 0.684 1.316 1.708 2.485
30 0.683 1.310 1.697 2.457
∞ 0.674 1.282 1.645 2.326

13


Upper Percentage Points of the
𝛘𝟐 Distribution

0.99 0.95 0.90 0.10 0.05 0.01

1 0.0002 0.0039 0.0158 2.706 3.841 6.635
2 0.0201 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 9.210
3 0.115 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 11.345
4 0.297 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 13.277
5 0.554 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 15.806
6 0.872 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 16.812
7 1.239 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 18.475
8 1.646 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 20.090
9 2.088 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 21.666
10 2.558 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 23.209
11 3.503 4.575 5.578 17.257 19.675 24.725
12 3.571 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 26.217
13 4.107 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 27.688
14 4.660 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 29.141
15 5.229 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 30.578
20 8.260 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 37.566
25 11.524 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 44.314
30 14.953 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 50.892

14


TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

sin A = a/c cos A = b/c tan A = a/b (A)

These functions are used in the right-angled triangle. The angles are usually
denoted by A, B and C. The sides are usually denoted by a, b and c, like in
the figure below.
Example: How long is side "c" of a right-angled triangle if A=600 and a = 4 ?

sin A = a/c
sin(600) = 4/c
0.866 = 4/c
c ≌ 4.62
Example: How long is side "c" of a right-angled triangle if A = 600 and b = 2.31 ?
cos A = b/c
cos(600) = 2.31/c
0.5 = 2.31/c
c 4.62
15


Example: How long is side "a" of a right-angled triangle if A = 600 and b =

2.31 ?
tan A = a/b
tan(600) = a/2.31
1.732 = a/2.31
a≌4
𝐜𝟐 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝟐𝐚𝐛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐂 (B)
The Law of Cosines (or al-Kashi's theorem) relates all 3 sides of a triangle
with an angle of a triangle.
Example: How long is the side "c" of the triangle below?

c 13 8 2 ∗ 8 ∗ 13 ∗ cos 37
c 169 64 208 ∗ 0.798
c ≌ 67
c √67 ≌ 8.18

Note: The Law of Cosines has two other forms:
16


a b c 2bc cos A

b a c 2ac cos B

𝐚 𝐛 𝐜
(C)
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂

The Law of Sines helps calculate the remaining sides of a triangle when two
angles and a side are known.
Example: How long is the side “a” and "c" of the triangle below?
Remember that the sum of the triangle angles adds up to 180o.

a b b c
sinA sinB sinB sinC
a 8 8 c
sin 48 sin 32 sin 32 sin 100
a 8 8 c
0.743 0.530 0.530 0.985
a ≌ 11.2 c ≌ 14.9
17


QUADRATIC EQUATION

𝐛 𝐛 𝟐 𝟒𝐚𝐜
𝐱𝟏, 𝐱𝟐 (1)
𝟐𝐚
The quadratic equation uses the numerical coefficients from the following
equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0
Example: Solve the following quadratic equation 2x2+7x+3 = 0
In this equation a=2, b=7 and c=3.
√ ∗ ∗
x ,x = ‐3 or ‐0.5
∗
Note: Also, check equation (5) for an additional example.

18


MECHANICS

F = µN (2)

F = frictional force, newtons, N
μ = coefficient of friction, unitless
N = normal force (on a horizontal surface, this is the weight of the
object), newtons, N
Standard surfaces exert a frictional force that resists sliding motions.

Slippage occurs when the horizontally applied force (F) exceeds the frictional
force.

Example: A 40-kg block of wood is sitting on a cement floor with a
coefficient of friction of 0.6. Calculate the frictional force that must be
overcome to move the block of wood.
First, calculate the normal force (N), see equation 12, that supports the
block weight. Remember that 1 Newton (N) = 1 Kg*m/s2.
N = mg = 40 Kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 392 N
Then calculate the frictional force.

19


F = μN = 0.6*392 N = 235.2 N
F1D1 = F2D2 (3)

F = force, newtons, N
D = distance, meters, m

Think of this equation as people sitting on a see-saw. For the see-saw to
achieve balance, the massive person must sit closer to the fulcrum, or the
lighter person has to sit further from the fulcrum.

Example: What weight needs to be applied 10 meters away from the fulcrum
of a seesaw on the right arm to balance a weight of 40 kg on the left arm
placed at 4 meters away from fulcrum?
First, calculate the force of the 40 kg weight on the left arm:
Fleft = 40 Kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 392 N
Then, calculate the Fright based on equation (3):
Fright * 10 m = 392N * 4m
Fright = 156.8 N
Finally, calculate the weight (m) necessary to balance the seesaw:
20


F 156.8 N
m m 16 kg
g 9.8
s
v = v0 + at (4)

v = final velocity, meters per second, m/s
vo = original velocity at the start of the acceleration, meters per second,
m/s
a = acceleration, meters per second squared, m/s2
t = time, seconds, s

The velocity is the rate of position change of an object in a direction in relation
to a frame of reference as a function of time. Acceleration is defined as the
rate of change of velocity of an object in relation to time and can be positive
or negative (deceleration is negative). Observe that this formula does not
include: s = distance from its original position.
Example: A vehicle is traveling at 31.5 meters per second (≌ 70 mph). The

driver must stop the car due to an emergency, but the highest deceleration
rate achievable without losing the control of the vehicle is 4.5 meters per
second squared. How long will it take for the driver to stop the car?
m m m
0 31.5 4.5 ∗t
s s s
t = 7 seconds
21


𝐚𝐭 𝟐
𝐬 𝐯𝟎 𝐭 (5)
𝟐
s = distance from its original position, meters, m

vo = initial velocity before the start of the acceleration, meters per
second, m/s
t = time, seconds, s
Another kinematic equation, in which displacement is calculated based on

initial velocity, acceleration, and time. Observe that this formula does not
include: v = final velocity.
Example: A worker throws a brick to a mason to catch it one story down (4

meters) at 6 m/s. How long does it take for the brick to reach the mason?
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
m
m 9.8 ∗t
4m 6 ∗t s
s 2
Next, put it into the form of the quadratic equation (1), where:
at2+bt+c = 0 and, 4.9t2 + 6t - 4 = 0
∗ . ∗
t ,t ≌ 0.479 or -1.703
∗ .
The answer is 0.479 seconds.
𝐯𝟐 𝐯𝟎 𝟐 𝟐𝐚𝐬 (6)

v = final velocity, meters per second, m/s
22


vo = initial velocity before the start of the acceleration, meters per

second, m/s
This equation calculates the final velocity based on the initial velocity,
acceleration, and distance (displacement). Observe that this formula does
not include: t = time.
Example: A vehicle is traveling at 31.5 meters per second (≌ 70 mph). The

driver must stop the car due to a deer standing still she noticed standing in
the road, but the highest deceleration rate without losing the control of the
vehicle is 9 meters per second squared. How many feet will the deer have to
be from the point of starting deceleration so it will not get hit by the car?
m m m
0 31.5 2∗ 9 ∗s
s s s
s = 55.125 meters ≌ 181 ft

𝐦𝐯 𝟐
𝐊. 𝐄. (7)
𝟐
K.E. = kinetic energy, Joules, J

m = mass of the object, kilograms, kg
v = velocity, meters per second, m/s
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has in motion, and it depends on the
mass and speed achieved. Kinetic energy is measured in Joules (J). One
Joule is equal to 1 kg m2/s2.
Example: Which has higher kinetic energy? A 1,500 kg car traveling at 4.5
meters per second or an 8 grams (0.008 Kg) bullet traveling at 760 meters
per second?
23


. ∗
K. E. = 2,310.4 J
∗ .
K. E. = 15,187.5 J
P.E. = mgh (8)
P.E. = potential energy, Joules, J

g = gravitational acceleration of the earth, 9.8 m/s2
h = height above the Earth’s surface, meters, m
Potential energy is the energy stored by an object because of its position in

a force field, like Earth’s gravitational field. Potential energy is measured in
Joules (J).
Example: Which has higher potential energy? A 30 kg metal ball suspended

at 60 meters from Earth’s surface or a 50 kg wood square suspended at 36
meters from Earth’s surface?
P.E.metal ball = 30 kg * 9.8 m/s2 * 60 m = 17,640 J
P.E.wood square = 50 kg * 9.8 m/s2 * 36 m = 17,640 J
𝐤𝐱 𝟐
𝐏. 𝐄. (9)
𝟐
P.E. = potential elastic energy, Joules, J

k = spring constant, N/m2
x = amount of compression, meters, m
24


The elastic potential energy can be stored in an object as a result of applying

a force to deform the elastic object. When the object springs back to its
original shape it releases the stored energy. One joule is equal to the energy
expended, or the work done in applying a force of one newton through a
distance of one meter.
Example: What is the elastic potential energy stored inside a spring with a
constant of 5*104 N/m2 that is compressed 20 cm?
N
5 ∗ 10 ∗ 0.2 m
P. E. m 1,000 J
2
p = mv (10)
p = momentum, kilogram-meter per second, kg*m/s

v = velocity, meters per second, m/s
Momentum is “mass in motion” and is equal to the product of its mass and
velocity. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction in
three-dimensional space.
Example: What is the momentum of a 1,500 kg car traveling at 4.5 meters

per second and a 0.008 Kg a bullet traveling at 760 meters per second?
pcar = 1,500 kg * 4.5 m/s = 6,750 kg*m/s
pbullet = 0.008 kg * 760 m/s = 6.08 kg*m/s
F = ma (11)
m = mass of the object, kg
25


Newton's second law of motion states that the amount of force acting on an
object is equal to the mass of the object times its acceleration.
Example: What amount of force is necessary to accelerate a 1,500 kg car

with a rate of 4.5 meters per second squared?
Fcar = 1,500 kg * 4.5 m/s2 = 6,750 kg*m/s2 = 6,750 N
W = mg (12)
W = force of an object due to gravity, newtons, N

g = gravitational acceleration on Earth, 9.8 m/s2
The weight of an object depends on the gravitational field the object is in and
may be defined as the mass times the acceleration of gravity.
Example: What is the force acting on a 1,500 kg car?
Wcar = 1,500 kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 14,700 kg*m/s2 = 14,700 N
W = Fs (13)
W = work done, joules, J
Work is simply the product of force and displacement.
Example: How much work has to be done to push a car 9 meters with a
force of 2,500 N?
W = 2,500 N * 9 m = 22,500 N*m = 22,500 J
26


ELECTRICITY
𝐋
𝐑 𝛒 (14)
𝐀
.
R = resistance of the circuit, ohm, Ω
ρ = resistivity (material’s ability to resist the flow of electricity), Ω⋅m
L = length, meters, m
A = cross-sectional area in square meters, m2
The resistance depends on the wire material and its length and is inversely
proportional to the cross-sectional area. Also, the resistivity of a material
depends on the molecular and atomic structure and is temperature-
dependent.
Example: A copper wire has a length of 200 m and an circular area of 1 cm2
(0.0001 m2). If the resistivity of the copper is 1.72 *10-8 Ω⋅m, what is the
resistance of the wire?
R 1.72 ∗ 10 Ω ⋅ m ∗ = 0.0344 Ω
.
27


V = IR (15)
V = voltage, electric potential difference, volts, V

I = current, amperes or amps, A
R = resistance of the circuit, ohm, Ω
Ohm's simple equation states that the current flowing through a conductor
between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two
points and the resistance of the circuit.
Example: What is the circuit voltage, if the current is 0.22 A, and the
resistance is 1000 Ω?
V = 0.22 A * 1000 Ω = 220 V
P = VI (16)
P = electrical power, joules per second or watt, W

V = voltage, electric potential difference, volts, V
I = current, amperes or amps, A
Electric power is simply the voltage multiply by the current running through
it.
Example: What is the electric power created by 500 mA (0.5 A) running

through a circuit if the voltage is 5 V across it?
P = VI = 0.5*5 = 2.5 W
28


Rseries = R1 + R2 + … + Rn (17)
Rseries = total resistance in a series circuit, ohm, Ω

Rn = individual resistor value, ohm, Ω

The total resistance of a series circuit is the sum of the resistance values of
the individual resistors. The same current flows through each resistor in the
chain.
Example: What is the total resistance of a series circuit with three resistors,

R1 = 5Ω, R2 = 6Ω, and R3 = 7Ω?
Rseries = 5Ω + 6Ω + 7Ω = 18Ω
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
⋯ (18)
𝐑 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝐧
Rparallel = total resistance in a parallel circuit, ohm, Ω

Rn = individual resistor value, ohm, Ω
The current in a parallel circuit breaks up and flows along each parallel
branch and re-combines when the branches meet again.
29


The total resistance of a parallel circuit is calculated by summing the

reciprocals (multiplicative inverse) of the resistance values and then taking
the reciprocal of the sum.
Example: What is the total resistance of a parallel circuit with three resistors,

R1 = 5Ω, R2 = 6Ω, and R3 = 7Ω?
1 1 1 1
Ω Ω Ω
R 5 6 7
Rparallel ≌ 1.96 Ω
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
⋯ (19)
𝐂𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 𝐂𝐧
Cseries = total capacitance in a series circuit, farad, F

Cn = individual capacitor value, farad, F
30

THANK YOU FOR READING THIS FREE DEMO PREVIEW!
THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE ON AMAZON:
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CSP EXAM Equations simply explained and with

examples: Certified Safety Professional
(Professional Development Book 1)
by Dr. Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

About the Book:

“CSP EXAM Equations simply explained and with

examples” was written in an easy‐to‐understand manner

for the young professional studying for the certified safety

professional (CSP) exam to help them understand the

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grasp the basic concepts of the calculations by rigorous

explained examples.

“CSP EXAM Equations explained and with examples” can

also assist safety and environmental professionals in their

daily work and decision‐making process.

About the Author:
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control, nanotechnology, microbiology, silica, and asbestos. He is author or co‐author
of numerous scientific manuscripts in peer‐reviewed journals. Dr. Daniel Farcas is a
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#36048, and a Certified Hazardous Materials Manager (CHMM) #24712.
To learn more about Dr. Daniel Farcas work and research in industrial hygiene, please
visit www.DanielFarcas.com

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CSP EXAM Equations 2020 Dr.

Michael McCawley, Ph.D. – West Virginia University.

Published by: Apub

UNIT CONVERSIONS 1 curie = 3.7x1010 becquerel PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS MECHANICS ELECTRICITY

Example: How long is side "c" of a right-angled triangle if A=600 and a = 4 ?

Example: How long is side "a" of a right-angled triangle if A = 600 and b =

𝐜𝟐 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝟐𝐚𝐛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐂 (B)

a b c 2bc cos A

Remember that the sum of the triangle angles adds up to 180o.

Note: Also, check equation (5) for an additional example.

Standard surfaces exert a frictional force that resists sliding motions.

N = mg = 40 Kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 392 N

Then calculate the frictional force.

Example: A vehicle is traveling at 31.5 meters per second (≌ 70 mph). The

s = distance from its original position, meters, m

Another kinematic equation, in which displacement is calculated based on

Example: A worker throws a brick to a mason to catch it one story down (4

at2+bt+c = 0 and, 4.9t2 + 6t - 4 = 0

v = final velocity, meters per second, m/s

vo = initial velocity before the start of the acceleration, meters per

Example: A vehicle is traveling at 31.5 meters per second (≌ 70 mph). The

K.E. = kinetic energy, Joules, J

P.E. = mgh (8)

P.E. = potential energy, Joules, J

Potential energy is the energy stored by an object because of its position in

Example: Which has higher potential energy? A 30 kg metal ball suspended

P.E.metal ball = 30 kg * 9.8 m/s2 * 60 m = 17,640 J

P.E.wood square = 50 kg * 9.8 m/s2 * 36 m = 17,640 J

P.E. = potential elastic energy, Joules, J

The elastic potential energy can be stored in an object as a result of applying

p = momentum, kilogram-meter per second, kg*m/s

Example: What is the momentum of a 1,500 kg car traveling at 4.5 meters

pcar = 1,500 kg * 4.5 m/s = 6,750 kg*m/s

pbullet = 0.008 kg * 760 m/s = 6.08 kg*m/s

a = acceleration, meters per second squared, m/s2

Example: What amount of force is necessary to accelerate a 1,500 kg car

Fcar = 1,500 kg * 4.5 m/s2 = 6,750 kg*m/s2 = 6,750 N

W = force of an object due to gravity, newtons, N

Example: What is the force acting on a 1,500 kg car?

Wcar = 1,500 kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 14,700 kg*m/s2 = 14,700 N

Work is simply the product of force and displacement.

W = 2,500 N * 9 m = 22,500 N*m = 22,500 J

V = voltage, electric potential difference, volts, V

V = 0.22 A * 1000 Ω = 220 V

P = electrical power, joules per second or watt, W

Example: What is the electric power created by 500 mA (0.5 A) running

Rseries = total resistance in a series circuit, ohm, Ω

Example: What is the total resistance of a series circuit with three resistors,

Rparallel = total resistance in a parallel circuit, ohm, Ω

The total resistance of a parallel circuit is calculated by summing the

Example: What is the total resistance of a parallel circuit with three resistors,

Cseries = total capacitance in a series circuit, farad, F

CSP EXAM Equations simply explained and with

by Dr. Daniel Farcas, CIH, CSP, CHMM

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