For updated version, please click on

http://ocw.ump.edu.my

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 3 : SLOPE DEFLECTION
(FOR BEAM)
PART 1
by
Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources
saffuan@ump.edu.my

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 Chapter 3 : Part 1 – Slope
Deflection
• Aims
– Determine the end moment for beam using Slope Deflection Method.

• Expected Outcomes :
– Able to indicate the degree of freedom.
– Able to indicate the moment due to angular displacement.
– Able to determine the moment due to linear displacement
– Able to determine the fixed end moment
– Able to write the slope deflection equation.

• References
– Mechanics of Materials, R.C. Hibbeler, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall
– Structural Analysis, Hibbeler, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall
– Structural Analysis, SI Edition by Aslam Kassimali,Cengage Learning
– Structural Analysis, Coates, Coatie and Kong
– Structural Analysis - A Classical and Matrix Approach, Jack C. McCormac and James K.
Nelson, Jr., 4th Edition, John Wiley

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 INTRODUCTION

• Introduced for analyzing statically

indeterminate structure – reactions and
internal forces.

•The method required the solution of

simultaneous equations representing the
overall system of equilibrium equation.

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 DEGREE OF FREEDOM
• When a structure is loaded, specified point on it
call nodes, will undergo displacements.
• These displacement are referred to as the degree
of freedom for the structure.
• To determined the number of degrees of
freedom, we can imagine the structure to consist
of a series member connected to nodes, which is
usually located at JOINT, SUPPORT, and at the
END OF MEMBER or where the member have
SUDDEN CHANGE IN CROSS SECTION.
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 P
EXAMPLE When load P is applied to the beam,
A B will cause node A to rotate, while
node B is completely restricted from
moving.
P
One degree of freedom, A
A B

C
Four degree of freedom,
 A , B ,  C ,  C
B C
P

Three degree of freedom,

A D
 B , C ,  B

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Conclusion

Real beam
 0
 0
 0 0
 
 0
 0
 
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 FOOD OF MIND

Find the number of degree of freedom

P w P P

A B C D

Ans : 4
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

M AB - INTERNAL END
MOMENT

Angular displacement at A
(Near)
Angular displacement at B
(Far)
Linear displacement
Fixed end moment

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

1. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT AT A

M AB A
M BA

 4 EI  2 EI
M AB  A M BA  A
L L

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

2. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT AT B

M AB B M BA

 4 EI  2 EI
M BA  B M AB  B
L L

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 EXAMPLE.

M AB  4 EI  A 
M BA  4 EI  B
L L
2 EI 2 EI
B A
L L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
M 
BC  4 EI  B M 
CB  4 EI  C
L L
2 EI 2 EI
C B
L L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
M 
CD  4 EI  C M 
DC  4 EI  D
L L
2 EI 2 EI
D C
L L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 
M DE  4 EI  D 
M ED  4 EI  E
L L
2 EI 2 EI
E D
L L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
3. RELATIVE LINEAR DISPLACEMENT


M

6 EI
M AB  M BA M  2 
L

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 EXAMPLE 1
Determine the moment due to linear displacement
for each members. Assume 2mm settlement occur
at support B.

7kN 10kN/m

A 4m B 4m C

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

   6 EI
M AB M BA  2
L
6 EI (0.002)

42
 0.003EI

  6 EI
M BC M BC  2
L
6 EI (0.002)

42
 0.003EI

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 FOOD OF MIND

Determine the moment due to linear displacement for

each members. Assume 2mm and 1mm settlement
occur at support B and C respectively.

7kN 10kN/m

A 4m B 4m C

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

4. FIXED END MOMENT

F F
M AB M BA

Moment cause by external load whilst the both support are fixed.

- REFER TABLE

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 EXAMPLE 2

Determine the Fixed End Moment for each members.

7kN 10kN/m

A 2m 2m B 4m C

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 F PL
M AB 
8
7(4)

8
 3.5kNm

F PL
M BA 
8
7( 4)

8
 3.5kNm

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 2
F wL
M CB 
12
10(4) 2

12
 13.33kNm
2
F wL
M CB 
12
10(4) 2

12
 13.33kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

4 EI A 2 EI B 6 EI F

M AB    2  M AB
L L L
Angular displacement at A Fixed end

Angular displacement at B moment

Linear displacement
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 4 EI B 2 EI A 6 EI F
M BA    2  M BA
L L L
Angular displacement at B Fixed end
moment
Angular displacement at A
Linear displacement
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Write down the slope deflection equation

4 EIT 2 EIU 6 EI F

M TU    2  M TU
L L L
4 EIU 2 EIT 6 EI F
M UT    2  M UT
L L L
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 EXAMPLE 3
Analyse the two span continuous beam as shown below
for the bending moment at the support point or member
end using SDM. The relative flexural rigidity for both span
are identical ie EI is constant and the beam is subjected to
a point moment of 100kNm at B

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Solution.
Fixed End Moment
F F F F
M AB M BA M BC M CB 0
Slope Deflection Equation  A   C  0
0

4 EI A 2 EI B 6 EI F

EI B
M AB    2  M AB 
L L L 3

4 EI B 2 EI A 6 EI F 2 EI B

M BA    2  M BA 
L L L 3
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 4 EI B 2 EI C 6 EI F 2 EI B
M BC    2  M BC 
L L L 3

4 EI C 2 EI B 6 EI F EI B

M CB    2  M CB 
L L L 3

EQUILIBRIUM AT JOINT

M B  100

M BA  M BC  100

2 EI B 2 EI B 75
  100 B 
3 3 EI
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
SUBSTITUTING INTO SDE

M AB  25kNm
M BA  50kNm
M BC  50kNm
M CB  25kNm

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 EXAMPLE 4
In figure below, the two span continuous beam shown
earlier is now subjected two in span loads of UDL having
an intensity of 10 kN/m over span AB and a point load of
25kN at the mid span of BC. EI is constant. Determine the
support moment at A, B and C. Draw the bending moment
diagram.
25 kN
10 kN/m

C
A
EI B EI

6m 6m

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

SOLUTION

Step # 1
FIXED END MOMENT

M F

 WL 2


 10 6 2
 30kNm
AB
12 12
F
M BA  30kNm
F  PL  25(6)
M BC    18.75kNm
8 8
F
M CB  18.75kNm

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Step # 2
SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION  A  C    0

4 EI A 2 EI B 6 EI F

M AB    2  M AB
L L L
2 EI B
M AB   30
6
4 EI B 2 EI A 6 EI F
M BA    2  M BA
L L L
2 EI B
M BA   30
3
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 4 EI B 2 EI C 6 EI F
M BC    2  M BC
L L L

2 EI B
M BC   18.75
3

4 EI C 2 EI B 6 EI F

M CB    2  M CB
L L L

EI B
M CB   18.75
3
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Step # 3
Equilibrium Equation

M B 0

M BA  M BC  0

2 EI B 2 EI B
 30   18.75  0
3 3

EI B  8.38

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Step # 4
SUBSTITUTING INTO SDE

M AB  32.81kNm
M BA  24.37kNm
M BC  24.38kNm
M CB  15.93kNm

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 MOMENT PROFILE

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Span AB

M A 0
10(6) 2
 32.81  24.37   RB (6)  0
2
RB  28.6kN
 RA  31.4kN

x 6

31.4 60
x  3.14m

1
Area  (3.14)(31.4)  49.3kNm
2
Max Moment  32.81  49.3  16.49kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
Span BC

M B 0
 24.37  15.93  25(3)  RC (6)  0
RC  11.09kN
 RB  13.91kN

Area  (3)(13.91)  41.73kNm

Max Moment  24.37  41.73  17.36kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
BMD

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 EXAMPLE 5

Continuous beam with settlement at support B and C.

Determine the end moment in the figure if there is 1mm
downward movement at support B and C.
Take EI is 75E3 kNm3 for all span

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

SOLUTION
FIXED END MOMENT

F
M AB  22.5kNm
F
M BA  22.5kNm
F
M BC  24kNm
F
M CB  36kNm
F
M CD 0
F
M DC 0
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
MOMENT DUE TO SHRINKAGE.

M 
 

 6 EI  6 75 10 0.001 3

 50kNm
AB 2 2
L 3

M 
 

 6 EI  6 75 10 0.001 3

 50kNm
BA 2 2
L 3

M 

 6 EI  6 75  10 0 


0
3

BC 2 2
L 5
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
M 
 

 6 EI  6 75 103 0  
0
CB 2 2
L 5

M 
 

 6 EI  6 75 103  0.001 
 18kNm
CD 2 2
L 5

M 
 

 6 EI  6 75  103  0.001 18kNm
DC 2 2
L 5

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Slope Deflection Equation.

4 EI A 2 EI B 6 EI F

M AB    2  M AB
L L L

M AB 

2 75  10  B 3

 50  22.5
3

M AB  5000 B  72.5

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 4 EI B 2 EI A 6 EI F
M BA    2  M BA
L L L

M BA 

4 75 103  B 
 50  22.5
3

M AB  10,000 B  27.5

4 EI B 2 EI C 6 EI F

M BC    2  M BC
L L L

M BC 
  
4 75 103  B 4 75 103  C


 24
3 3

M BC  60,000 B  30,000 C  24
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
 M CB  60,000 C  30,000 B  36
M CD  60,000 C  18

M DC  30,000 C  18
EQUILIBRIUM AT JOINT

M B 0

M BA  M BC  0
160,000 B  30,000 C  51.5 1

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 M C 0

M CB  M CD  0
30,000 B  120,000 C  54 2

160,000 30,000   B  51.5

 30,000 120,000      54
  C   

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

Solving by using calculator
4
 B  4.262 10
4
 C  5.566 10
SUBSTITUTING INTO SDE
M AB  51.19kNm
M BA  15.12kNm
M BC  15.13kNm
M CB  15.39kNm
M CD  15.40kNm
M DC  1.30kNm
by Saffuan Wan Ahmad
THANKS

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad

 Author Information

Mohd Arif Bin Sulaiman

Mohd Faizal Bin Md. Jaafar
Mohammad Amirulkhairi Bin Zubir
Rokiah Binti Othman
Norhaiza Binti Ghazali
Shariza Binti Mat Aris

by Saffuan Wan Ahmad