A Mechatronics Case Study Report

on

“SMART CAR MODULE”

By

ANJALI SHARMA 304011

AADITYA RUSIA 304013
ARUNIMA P B U RUDRA 304015

Guide
Prof.M.N.KAKATKAR

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

STES’s

Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune

Vadagaon BK, off Sinhgad Road

Pune 411041

October 2017
 Certificate

This is to certify that the Mechatronics Case Study report entitled

“SMART CAR MODULE”

of

TE (Electronics & Telecommunication)

Submitted By

ANJALI SHARMA 304011

AADITYA RUSIA 304013
ARUNIMA P B U RUDRA 304015

Is a bonafied work carried out by them under the supervision of Prof. M.N. KAKATKAR

Prof .M.N. KAKATKAR DR. M.B. MALI

Guide HOD E&TC

Place: Vadgaon Budruk, Pune

 INTRODUCTION

In this project temperature and humidity sensor as well as ultrasonic sensors are present. The
temperature and humidity sensor are capacitance sensors that measure the amount of moisture in
the air. The information from the sensor both regulates the volume of air projected onto the
windows to reduce misting and manages the humidity levels inside the car to enhance climate
comfort which will be further projected by the LCD present inside the car. On the other hand we
have the ultrasonic sensor which works by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for
human to hear. They then wait for the sound to be reflected back, calculating distance based on
the time required. This will help in the parking of the car further avoiding collision.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Designing mini project using two sensor modules, one microcontroller and two

output devices.
 SPECIFICATIONS

DHT11

 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V

 Operating Current: 0.3mA(measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial Data
 Temperature Range: 0*C to 50*C
 Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
 Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit
 Accuracy: +/- 1*C and +/-1%

HC-SR04

 Working Voltage: DC 5V
 Working Current: 15mA
 Working Frequency: 40Hz
 Max Range: 4m
 Min Range: 2cm
 Measuring Angle: 15 degrees
 Trigger Input Single: 10uS TTL pulse
 Echo Output Signal Input TTL lever signal and the range in proportion
 Dimension: 45*20*15mm
BLOCK DAIGRAM
 COMPONENT SELECTION CRITERIA

 Usage of 5V battery
 The temperature and humidity sensor should be able to detect more than the room
temperature to understand a soothing temperature, here we are using one with a range
of 0 to 50 degree Celsius.
 The ultrasonic sensor range should be more than 3 meters and here we are using one
with 4 meters so that it will be able to detect the obstacle well.

COMPONENTS USED
 PCB, LCD

 ATMEGA 328P MICROCONTROLLER

 SENSORS: DHT11 & HC Sr04

 Buzzer

 Connecting Wires
 EXPLANATION

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DHT11 SENSOR

DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing
temperature. The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture holding
substrate as a dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs with the change in
humidity levels. The IC measure, process this changed resistance values and change them into
digital form.

HOW ULTRASONIC SENSORS WORK.

Ultrasonic sound vibrates at a frequency above the range of human hearing.
Transducers are the microphones used to receive and send the ultrasonic sound.
Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to
receive the echo. The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time lapses
between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.

The working principle of this module is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40kHz
which travels through the air and if there is an obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the
sensor. By calculating the travel time and the speed of sound, the distance can be calculated.
 APPLICATIONS OF TEMP. AND HUMIDITY SENSOR[]
This sensor is used in various applications such as measuring humidity and temperature values in
heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Weather stations also use these sensors to
predict weather conditions. The humidity sensor is used as a preventive measure in homes where
people are affected by humidity. Offices, cars, museums, greenhouses and industries use this
sensor for measuring humidity values and as a safety measure.

APPLICATIONS INVOLVING ULTRASONIC DETECTION:

ULTRASONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

Distance measurement is based on the measurement of time-of-flight. The time
between sending and receiving the reflected sound signal is calculated by the
sensor. Ultrasonic distance sensors, like the MB7360 HRXL-MaxSonar-WR, are
used in as height monitors, bin level measurement and proximity zone detect.

 Ex. Distance measurement would be applied in a garage parking application, sensing

when a vehicle is pulled completely into a garage.
 The MB7360 has been used as a bin level sensor to detect the presence or absence of
grain and other materials in bins.

ULTRASONIC OBSTACLE DETECTION

 Our UAV Sensors for Drones as well as our proximity sensors that are used for robots
are for obstacle detection.
 Ultrasonic sensors are suitable for close range detection up to ten meters and provide
multiple range measurements per second.
 Main advantages:
 Low power consumption – can be powered by battery, inexpensively.
 o Can operate in many environmental conditions – ultrasonic sensors work in
smoke filled environments, where other sensors would fail.
 Ultrasonic sensors are a reliable, cost-effective solution for distance sensing, level, and
obstacle detection.
 CONCLUTION

To conclude the above experimental case study we can say that temperature & humidity sensors
as well as ultrasonic sensors have a wide range of application in all sort of industries whether
small or big, humidity can affect the business cost of the products, health and safety of the
employees. Ultrasonic sensors used as a detectors can help to escape many accidents.

FUTURE PROPECTS

Temperature sensors are becoming more popular in the aerospace and defense applications,
expected to play a leading role in the market in the near future. These devices have gained
immense popularity in the food and beverage industry. Ultrasonic sensors are relatively simple
devices and extremely useful in a lot of high tech setups, these sensors could be used in reducing
the vehicle speed by detecting potholes and humps using the ultrasonic sensors, also will be
used in 3D mapping and localization, can construct low cost autonomous robots, robots will have
a future prospect in 3D based mapping. Not only it it will collect data from the surrounding, but
also will build a 3D map.