Q2.

a) As part of the GASTRASD project Several intersections are to be signalised.

Turning movement count details and relevant data at such an intersection in Galle MC area is shown
in Figure Q3-1. Answer the following questions based on data provided.
I. Check for the right-turns that need protection.
II. Draw the phase diagram
III. Convert volumes to through vehicle equivalents (Use the Table Q3-1)

b) Determine the critical volumes for each phase.

c) Assuming a Amber time of 3 s and All red time of 3 s determine the total lost time per phase.

d) Determine the total desirable cycle length and the effective green time for each phase.

e) Explain the term traffic signal coordination.

Figure Q2 Traffic Flow Details of an Intersection

Table Q2-2 Adjustment for Right Turn Equivalence (TRB)𝐸𝑅𝑇

Opposing through plus Number of Lanes

left flows (𝑣𝑝ℎ) 1 2 3
0 – 199 1.1 1.1 1.1
200 – 399 2.5 2.0 1.8
400 – 599 5.0 3.0 2.5
600 – 799 10.0 5.0 4.0
800-999 13.0 8.0 6.0
1000-1199 15.0 13.0 10.0
≥1200 15.0 15.0 15.0
Adjustment for Right Turn Equivalence with protection = 1.05

Table Q2-3 Left turning multiplicative factors for Pedestrians movements𝐸𝐿𝑇

Pedestrian flow per hour Multiplicative Factor

None (0) 1.18
Low (50) 1.21
Moderate (200) 1.32
High (400) 1.52
Extreme (800) 2.14
Q

Traffic flow between Wellawatta to Kollupitya was an issue discussed at SusTraSD committee meetings.
Wellawatta to Kollupitya can be travelled by three routes namely, Marine Drive (2 lanes), Galle Road (4
lanes), and R.A. De Mel Mawatha (3 lanes). All three roads have roughly the same length. Traffic along
the route Marine Drive can be approximated by Greensburg’s model while traffic in Galle Road and R.A.
De Mel Mawatha follows Greenshield’s model. Galle Road has free flow speed of 120 km/h and jam
density of 165 veh/km/lane while those for R.A. De Mel Mawatha has 100 km/h and 135 veh/km/lane
respectively. At morning peak time, it is estimated that 33,000 vehicles arrive at Wellawatta to proceed
towards Kollupitya over a 90 minute time period.

a) Marine Drive has undergone many changes so that the existing Greensburg’s model is proved useless.
Calibrate the Greensburg’s model using the data given in Table Q3-1. You may use graphical method or
equations provided at the end of the paper. Hence find the speed at the maximum flow condition; and
jam density.
[4.0 Marks]
b) SusTraSD committee proposes that Marine Drive and Galle Road will be converted to one-way roads
carrying traffic from Wellawatta to Kollupitya. Consultant suggests that in such a scenario, traffic would
be divided into Marine Drive and Galle Road so that travel time via both roads will be equal.

I. Write flow and speed equations for a single lane in Marine drive and Galle road
II. Equate travel time in Galle Road and Marine Drive to get an equation for density of Galle Road
(KM) in terms of density of Marine Drive (KG).
III. Equate the total incoming flow rate to Marine Drive flow (2 lanes) and Galle Road flow (4 lanes)
and obtain an equation in KG and KM.
IV. Solve equations obtained in part (ii) and (iii) to find all possible values of KG and KM.
V. Determine flow rates in Marine Drive and Galle Road.
[8.0 Marks]

c) After the implementation of one-way scheme on Marine Drive and Galle Road R.A. de Mel Mawatha
has to carry the evening peak volume from Kollupitya to Wellawatta. If 33,000 vehicles arrive at
Kollupitya over 2 hr period starting from 4:30 pm, calculate the density of .A. de Mel Mawatha.
Q

a. Traffic on the eastbound approach of a signalized intersection is travelling at 65 km/h,

with a density of 27 veh/km/ln. The duration of the red signal indication for this
approach is 30 sec. If the saturation flow is 19500 veh/h/ln with a density of 32
veh/km/ln, and the jam density is 75 veh/mi/ln, determine the following:
I. The length of the queue at the end of the red phase
II. The maximum queue length
III. The time it takes for the queue to dissipate after the end of the red indication.

b. Traffic flow on a section of a two-lane highway can be described by the Greenshields

model, with a mean free speed of 90 km/h and a jam density of 90 veh/km/ln. At the
time when the flow was 90% of the capacity of the highway, a large dump truck loaded
with heavy industrial machinery from an adjacent construction site joins the traffic
stream and travels at a speed of 25 km/h for a length of 5.5 km along the upgrade
before turning off onto a dump site. Due to the relatively high flow in the opposite
direction, it is impossible for any car to pass the truck. Determine how many vehicles
will be in the platoon behind the truck by the time the truck leaves the highway.