STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN REPORT
2020

A REPORT FOR STRUCTURAL

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF 4
STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OF
MRs. ANJU MALLA

The structural design of this residential building has been done as per the provisions in National Building Code
of Nepal. The overall modeling of the building has been done in ETABS 2018 a renowned structural analysis
program. The output of the ETABS 2018.1.0 is imported into spreadsheet application. The design philosophy
followed is the Limit State Design as per IS: 456-2000. The detailing for the seismic consideration has been
done following National Building Code

Analysis & Design By:

Er. Shivaji Bhusal
Structural Designer/Civil Engineer
NEC Regd No. 4234 “A”
1/1/2020
10th Jan, 2020
DECLERATION OF REPORT

I, consultant/designer issuing this repudiation letter on behalf of final structural analysis and
design report for Mrs. Anju Malla during and after construction of proposed super structure.

The site supervisions and quality test of the different constructions materials of the proposed
building do not undertaken by the consultant. Hence any failure or error occurred with the
building due to non- implementation of the recommendations made in this report and
structural drawing or due to improper construction will not be the responsibility of the
consultant/designer.

The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the proposed building shall
be constructed under the proper supervisions of skilled technical manpower.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the
alterations to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or
the weight of the building.

Er. Shivaji Bhusal

Structural Designer/Civil Engineer
NEC Reg. No. 4234 “A”
1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Building Description

This document presents the overall methodology and the key results of the structural design of
structural components of RC moment resisting frame system.

1.1.1 General
Owner/Client : Mrs. Anju Malla
Building type : Residential Building
Location :
Plinth Area :
Plot Area :
Type of structure : RCC Framed Structure (SMRF)
No. of Story : 4.0 (Plinth + GF + FF + SF + TF + Stair Cover)
Geometry : Rectangular
Story Height : 3.2 meters for all stories,
Total Height : 15.6 meters from PL to Stair Cover
1.1.2 Requirement of NBC
1.1.2.1 NBC -100: 1994
Level of design : Professionally Engineered Building
1.1.2.2 NBC -101:1994
Material used : Coarse Aggregates, Fine aggregates, cement, Bricks,
Rebar’s
1.1.3 NBC -102:194 Unit weight of materials
Steel : 76.97 KN/m3
Bricks : 15 KN/m3
RCC : 25 KN/m3
Brick Masonry : 19.2 KN/m3
1.1.4 NBC -103:1994 Occupancy load (Imposed Load)
Room and Kitchen : 2 KN/m2
Corridor, staircase, Store : 2 KN/m2
Balcony : 3 KN/m2
1.1.5 NBC -105:1994 Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
Method of Analysis : Response Spectrum Analysis
Subsoil Category : II
Fundamental transaction period : 0.589 sec
Basic seismic coefficient : 0.09
Importance factor : 1
Structural performance factor : 1
1.1.6 NBC -108:1994 Site consideration for seismic hazards
Soil type in footing : Medium type soil
Adopted safe bearing capacity : 150 KN/m2
Type of foundation : Raft foundation
Depth of foundation : 1.5 meters
1.1.7 NBC -110:1994 Plain and reinforced concrete
Concrete grade : M20
Reinforcement steel grade : Fe 500
 Critical size of slab : 3.58 X 4.45 meters
Slab thickness : 125 mm
Calculated short span to effective : 33
depth ratio
Permissible L/d ratio : 52
Basic value of L/d : 26
Span correction factor : 1
Tension reinforcement (Ast) percent : 0.27 %
Ast modification factor : 2
Compression reinforcement : 1
modification factor
Beam Characteristics
Maximum span : 5.18 meters
Size of beam : 250 X 350 mm
Maximum span to depth ratio : 14.8
Column Characteristics
Length of column : 3.2 meters
Size of Column : 350 X 350 mm
Maximum slenderness ratio of column : 6.7
Design Philosophy : Limit State Method
Load Combination : 1.5 (DL + LL)
1.2 (DL + LL ± EQ)
0.9DL ± 1.5EQ
1.5(DL ± EQ)
Value of Horizontal Seismic Base shear : 672 KN

1.2 Structural System

RC special moment resisting frame system using reinforced concrete is used to carry the gravity
load as well as to resist the lateral loads. RC footings are used to transfer the load of the
building to supporting soil. The components of structural system used for this report are
summarized in the following table.
Table 1 Component of Structural System
Structural System Element Typical Component Types

RC special moment resisting Foundation Raft Foundation

frame system Beams and Column Reinforced concrete
Plinth Beams Reinforced concrete
Lintel Reinforced concrete
Walls Brick Masonry with cement mortar

1.3 Codes, Standards and References

The basic building codes referred are listed below. However, specific applications of those code
provisions are discussed in the corresponding sections.
Building codes

 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002
 Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, IS 456:2000
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,
IS 875 (Part 1): 1987
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures,
IS 875 (Part 2): 1987
 Wind load Analysis, IS 875(part-3):1987
 Nepal Building Code.
Other references
 Related research papers and reports.

2 BASIC MATERIALS
2.1 Concrete
The minimum compressive strength measured at 28 days, for the cube specimen used in
different types of structural components are shown in the following table.
Table 2 Concrete used in structural components
Member f'c (Nominal) (MPa)
Footings 20
Beams 20
Plinth beams, Lintel 20
Column 20

The properties of concrete chosen are as follows:

Density : 25 KN/m3
Poisson’s ratio : 0.2
Modulus of elasticity : 22360 N/mm2

2.2 Reinforcement steel (Rebar)

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design should be of strength 500
MPa.
Density : 76.97 KN/m3
Poisson’s ratio : 0.3
Modulus of elasticity : 200000 N/mm2

2.3 Soil Bearing Capacity

Soil type II is considered in the current design. The allowable bearing capacity is approximately
between 100 KN/m2 to 150 KN/m2.
2.4 Data Entry in Software
This chapter provides model geometry information, including items such as story levels, point
coordinates, and element connectivity.
2.4.1 Story data
Table 3 Story data
Name Height Elevation Master Story Similar To Splice Story
mm mm
Stair C 2800 16600 Yes None No
TF 3200 13800 Yes None No
SF 3200 10600 No TF No
FF 3200 7400 No TF No
GF 3200 4200 No TF No
Plinth 1000 1000 No TF No
Base 0 0 No None No

2.4.2 Materials
Table 4 Material properties - Summary
Name Type E ν Unit Weight Design Strengths
MPa kN/m³
HYSD500 Rebar 200000 0.3 76.9729 Fy=500 MPa, Fu=545 MPa
M20 Concrete 22360.68 0.2 24.9926 Fc=20 MPa

2.4.3 Frame Section

Table 5 Frame sections - Summary
Name Material Shape
B230X350 M20 Concrete Rectangular
C350X350 M20 Concrete Rectangular
PB23X300 M20 Concrete Rectangular

2.4.4 Shell
Table 6 Shell sections - Summary
Name Design Type Element Type Material Total Thickness
mm
Slab125 Slab Shell-thin M20 125

3 LOADS
3.1 Unit weight of materials
Table 7 unit weight of material
S.N Descriptions Unit weight Reference
1 Concrete 25 KN/m³ IS-875(part 1) - 1987
2 Masonry wall 19.2 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-1987(Table-1)
3 Cement Concrete, plain 12.55 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-1987(Table-1)
4 Plaster Punning 20.4 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-1987(Table-2)
3.2 Gravity Load
Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and partitions are
considered as superimposed dead load. Live load is determined in accordance with occupancy
or use. The following loads are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum
loading requirements shall be taken from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987 or equivalent.
Table 8 Imposed loads
Occupancy or Use Live Load
Rooms 2.0 KN/m2
Corridors, passages, balconies and staircase 3.0 KN/m2
Flat, sloping, curved roofs 1.5 KN/m2

3.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input may be determined from IS code. IS 1893:2002 based earthquake is
used as Design Basis Earthquake in code-based design. The response spectra used for the
design are shown in table 9 below.
Inertial loads due to earthquake will be applied at the mass centres of each level. These forces
would be either calculated manually or auto generated by using the Auto Seismic Loads
function of the software ETABS version 18.1.0 and used for analysis. For all structures, the
seismic base will be considered at foundation level.
The Lateral loads for the all building would be resisted by special moment resisting frames.
Response Spectrum Method for Dynamic Analysis will be used depending on the building height
and geometric configuration as specified in clause 7.8.4 of IS 1893:2002. Appropriate actions
would be taken as recommended by IS code for Structural irregularities. Appropriate
percentage of imposed load will be considered in seismic weight calculations as per table 8 of IS
1893:2002.
Table 9 Seismic Loading parameters
Parameter Value
Zone factor, Z 0.36
Importance factor 1
Soil type II
Response reduction factor 5 (SMRF)
3.4 Response spectrum data with function for dynamic analysis
Figure 1 Response Spectrum data after matching static and dynamic base shear

3.5 Load Patterns

Table 10 Load pattern used in analysis and design
Name Type Self-Weight Multiplier Auto Load
Dead Dead 1
Live Live 0
Wall Superimposed Dead 0
Partition L Superimposed Dead 0
Stair L Superimposed Dead 0
Floor F Superimposed Dead 0
EQx Seismic 0 IS1893 2002
EQy Seismic 0 IS1893 2002

3.6 Load Calculations

3.6.1 Slab Load
Table 11 Slab load used in analysis and design
Slab Thickness 125 mm 3.125 KN/m3
Stair Slab Thickness 150 mm 4.375 KN/m3
3.6.2 Wall Load
Table 12 Load used in analysis as wall loads/partition loads
Type of Wall Thickness Density Opening Height W Load Adopted
m KN/m3 % m KN/m KN/m
9" Wall without 0.230 19.2 0.00 2.89 12.76 12.8
Opening
9" Wall with Opening 0.230 19.2 30.00 2.89 8.933 9.0

4" Wall without 0.110 19.2 0.00 2.89 6.10 6.2

Opening
4" Wall with Opening 0.110 19.2 30.00 2.89 4.27 4.3

Parapet Wall 0.110 19.2 0.00 1.00 2.11 2.2

3.7 Load cases

Load cases are the independent loading for which the structure is explicitly analyzed.
Earthquake forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For building whose lateral load
resisting elements are oriented in two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to analyze in
these two principal directions (X and Y directions) separately one at a time. Thus, the load cases
adopted are as follows:
a) Dead Load (DL)
b) Live Load (LL)
c) Earthquake Load in ±ve X-direction
d) Earthquake Load in ±ve Y-direction

3.8 Load combinations

Ultimate strength design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the
following table.
Table 13 Ultimate Strength Design Load Combinations used in Code-based Design
No. Load Combination
1 1.5D + 1.5L
2 1.2D + 1.2L±1.2E
3 0.9D ± 1.5E
4 1.5D ± 1.5E

Where: D = Dead load

L = Live load
E = Effects of forces at DBE level
4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
This chapter presents the finite element modeling, analysis and design procedures used in the
code-based design.

4.1 Positioning and orientation of column

Figure 2 Positioning of columns

4.2 Spanning of Slab
Figure 3 Slab dimension, labels and diaphragms

4.3 Wall / Live Loads

In frame structure building wall do not bear any load. As per building code (NBC), or as practice,
we have to assign wall load (self-wt. of wall) to beam.

Figure 4 Wall load as per calculation

Figure 5 Live loads Tributary to frames

Figure 6 Live loads assign to slabs

4.4 Modeling of Structural System
Figure 7 Modeling of structure

4.5 Analysis Procedures

The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package ETABS 2018.1.0 based on
finite element method. The software is capable to carrying out a three dimensional analysis. A
three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out. A model based on rigid
diaphragm concept has been considered. This is done by creating a special joint at the center of
mass of each floor level and constraining all the joints at this level by diaphragm constraint.

The structure is assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. Below plinth beams footing has been
provided.

The stiffness contribution of brick walls in the structure has been ignored and the building has
been modeled as a “Bare Frame” with no infill wall panels.
The flange effect of the slab has been neglected. The beams have been modeled as rectangular
beams.

Analysis procedures used for code-based design are presented in the following sections
Load cases Analysis type
Static Analysis Linear Static Analysis
Dynamic Analysis Response Spectrum / Eigen method

4.5.1 Modal Analysis

Modal analysis is carried out to determine the modal properties of the building. 100% of dead
load and superimposed dead load and 25% of live load are considered as mass source in modal
analysis. Eigen analysis is used. Sufficient number of vibration modes shall be considered to
achieve at least 90% of participating mass of the building.
4.5.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)
Linear static analysis is carried out for gravity loadings. Gravity load basically includes live load
in slab and distributed load on beams.

4.5.3 Response Spectrum Analysis (RS)

Response spectrum analysis will be carried out as per the clause 7.8 of IS 1893:2002 code.
Response spectrum analysis is carried out using linearly elastic response spectra. At least 90%
of the participating mass of the building is considered in each of two orthogonal principal
directions of the building. Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) rule is used for combination
of responses from each mode. Orthogonal effects are considered by designing elements for 100
percent of the prescribed design seismic forces in one direction. 5% constant modal damping is
considered in the analysis

The structural components are designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements.
Strength capacity for different types of actions considered in the design is summarized in the
table below.
Table 14 Design approach
Structural System Component Design Approach/Consideration Code References
Special moment Reinforced Concrete Axial compression, Shear and IS 456 : 2000
resisting frame (Beams, Slab, flexural
system Columns)
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456 : 2000

5 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS

This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the residential building. The structural
components were analyzed using both- static coefficient method. In static analysis, linear static
method was adopted.

5.1 Bending Moment Diagram

Figure 8 Sample Bending Moment Diagram of model (1.5 DL+LL)
5.2 Shear Force Diagram
Figure 9 Sample Shear Force Diagram of model (1.5 DL+LL)

5.3 Axial Force Diagram

Figure 10 Sample Axial Force Diagram of model (1.5 DL+LL)
5.4 Deform Shape of Building

Figure 11 Deform shape of Building in various loading case

Mode shape analysis is must after the analysis. For mode-2, the period obtained is 0.978
seconds. We can analyze and design the structure by choosing the nature of deformation as
shown above.

5.5 Base Shear Calculation Results calculated by etabs itself

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQx according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Approximate

Structure Height Above Base, hn hn = 15.6 m

Coefficient, Ct [IS 7.6.1] Ct = 0.075m
Approximate Fundamental Period, Ta [IS
Ta = Ct hn 0.75 Ta = 0.589 sec
7.6.1]

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 1 + 15T =1
6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.589 8087.7023 672.6077
X + Ecc. Y 0.589 8087.7023 672.6077
X - Ecc. Y 0.589 8087.7023 672.6077

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQy according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Approximate

Structure Height Above Base, hn hn = 15.6 m

Coefficient, Ct [IS 7.6.1] Ct = 0.075m
Approximate Fundamental Period, Ta [IS
Ta = Ct hn 0.75 Ta = 0.589 sec
7.6.1]

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa
= 1 + 15T =1
6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.589 8087.7023 672.6077
Y+ Ecc. X 0.589 8087.7023 672.6077
Y - Ecc. X 0.589 8087.7023 672.6077
6 PARAMETERS CHECKED AFTER STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURE.
6.1 Modal Mass Participation ratios

Case Mode Period Sec Sum UX % Sum UY % Sum RX % Sum RY %

Modal 1 1.028 47% 4% 2% 16%

Modal 2 0.979 62% 63% 19% 20%
Modal 3 0.935 77% 77% 23% 23%
Modal 4 0.329 82% 78% 26% 46%
Modal 5 0.312 84% 85% 58% 55%
Modal 6 0.294 86% 86% 66% 66%
Modal 7 0.191 87% 86% 66% 67%
Modal 8 0.182 88% 88% 68% 67%
Modal 9 0.167 89% 89% 68% 68%
Modal 10 0.138 89% 89% 69% 70%
Modal 11 0.135 89% 89% 70% 70%
Modal 12 0.132 89% 89% 70% 70%
Modal 13 0.118 90% 89% 71% 71%
Modal 14 0.115 90% 90% 71% 71%
Modal 15 0.111 90% 90% 71% 71%
Modal 16 0.037 90% 92% 78% 72%
Modal 17 0.036 100% 92% 79% 100%
Modal 18 0.036 100% 100% 100% 100%
Modal analysis was performed in order to determine the vibration modes of a building. The first
and second modes of the building are translation in X and Y directions while the third mode is in
torsion. More than 90 % of mass has been participated in eighteenth mode in both directions.
The natural periods and modal participating mass ratios are shown in table above.

6.2 Story Drift

 Maximum story drift limit based on IS 1893:2002 is 0.4% whereas the maximum story drift of
building is 0.267%.
Maximum drift ratio = 0.002664
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

6.3 Maximum Top Storey Displacement

Displacement in X-direction

Displacement in Y-direction

Permissible displacement = 0.004X15.6m = 0.0624 m

Actual maximum displacement = 0.0306 m
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe
6.4 Inter Story Drift

6.5 Soft Storey Check

Stiffness in X-direction (EQx 1)

 Stiffness in X-direction (EQx 2)

Stiffness in Y-direction (EQy 1)

Stiffness in Y-direction (EQy 2)

Hence no soft storey exists in building.

6.6 Beam Column Capacity Ratio
Figure 12 Support reactions for the design of footings

6.7 Member Design Pass Verification

Figure 13 Member design pass verification

6.8 Display Footing Reaction in Tabulated Form

Figure 14 Base reactions in tabulated form

6.9 Eccentricity and mass irregularity check

Figure 15 Center of mass and rigidity

7 SAMPLE DESIGNS OF VARIOUS RCC STRUCTURES

7.1 Design of footing using CSI-SAFE 2016 (sample)

Model properties
This section provides model properties, including items such as material properties, section
properties, and support properties.

Material properties

Table 1: Material Properties - Concrete

Material E U A UnitWt Fc LtWtConc UserModR

up
N/mm2 1/C kN/m3 N/mm2
M20 22360.000 0.200000 9.9000E-06 2.356E+01 20.00000 No No

Table 2: Material Properties - Rebar

Material E UnitWt Fy Fu
N/mm2 kN/m3 N/mm2 N/mm2
Fe500 199948 7.6973E+01 500.00000 545.00000

Section properties
Beam Properties
Beam MatRebarL MatRebarS FlngWOpt CoverTop CoverBot NoDesign
mm mm
BEAM500 Fe500 Fe500 Analysis 50.000 50.000 No
Property
Table 3: Slab Properties - Solid Slabs

Slab Type MatProp Thickness Ortho

mm
Col 600 Stiff M20 600.000 No
Mat600 Mat M20 600.000 No

Support properties
Table 4: Soil Properties

Soil Subgrade NonlinOpt

kN/m3
SOIL150 1.8000E+04 Compression Only

Load cases
Table 5: Load Cases - Loads Applied

LoadCase LoadPat SF

Dead+Live Dead 1.000000

Dead+Live Dead_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Finishing_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Live_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Partation_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Roof Live_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Stair Load_ABOVE 1.000000
Dead+Live Wall_ABOVE 1.000000

Load Combination
Table 6: Load Combinations

Combo Load SF Type DSStrength DSServInit DSServNorm DSServLong

DL+LL Dead+Live 1.0 Linear Add Yes No Yes No

Analysis Results
Soil Pressure

Soil pressure is less than 150 KN/m2 hence footing is safe.

Punching Shear
Fig. Footing Layout
Reinforcement in Footing

7.2 Design of Slab using excel-sheet (sample)

DESIGN OF SLAB AT EL 4.2, F4 Slab 125
CASE 1
Short span S= 3.580 mts
Long span L= 4.45 mts
Assumed slab thickness t= 0.125 mts
Grade of concrete fck= 20 N/mm^2

Grade of reinforcement fy= 500 N/mm^2

Type of panel

Loads

Self weight of slab w1= 3.13 kN/m^2

Floor finish 100 mm thk wpc w2= 1.00 kN/m^2
Live load - Accessible
Terrace w3= 3.00 kN/m^2
Miscellaneous-Equipment
Load w4= 0.00 kN/m^2

Ratio of long span to short span R= 1.25 Two Way Slab

Design Load with load factor of 1.5 Wu= 10.69 kN/m^2
Design
Coeff BM k pt Ast Dia Spacing
Short span direction
Negative moment at continuous edge 0.063 8.63 0.85 0.21 207 8 130
Positive moment at midspan 0.047 6.44 0.63 0.15 152 8 130

Long span direction

Negative moment at continuous edge 0.047 6.44 0.63 0.15 152.3 8 130
Positive moment at midspan 0.035 4.79 0.55 0.13 150.0 8 130

Minimum effective depth

reqd dre= 55.92 mm
Clear cover to any reinforcement c= 20 mm
Minimum effective depth provided dpr= 93 mm greater than 'min. eff depth reqd'. Hence ok
Minimum reinforcement Amin= 150 mm^2

Deflection check

Reinf provided at midspan along short direction 335.10 mm^2 Dia 8 at 150 mm
Stress in reinforcement fs= 131.8 N/mm^2
Percentage of reinforcement provided pt= 0.3318 %
Modification factor as per fig 4 of IS:456-2000 MF= 2

Type of slab for deflection check Simply supported

Basic span to effective depth ratio 20
Minimum effective depth reqd from deflection criteria 89.50 mm
Effective depth provided 101 mm greater than 'min. eff depth reqd'. Hence ok
assume depth at support = 125 mm
effective depth at support = 101 mm
CHECK FOR SHEAR :
At middle of Short edge Vy = w Lx / 3 per unit width
At middle of Long edge Vx = w Lx β
( 2β + 1 )
β = 1.2430
So, Vy = 12.75 KN
So, Vx = 13.643 KN
ζ vy = Vy / ( bd ) = 0.126 N/mm2
ζ vx = Vx / ( bd ) = 0.147 N/mm2
% steel provided along Long direction = 0.361 %
% steel provided along Short direction = 0.332 %
Permissible shear stress = Kζc
Provided thk of slab = 125 mm

k slab thickness 130 125.000 130

k 1.300 1.300 1.300

ζc % steel 0.250 0.361 0.500

ζc 0.370 0.428 0.500

Permissible shear stress, K ζ c = 0.556 N/mm2

HENCE OK
ζ c max = 2.800 N/mm2
HENCE OK
7.3 Design of Staircase using excel-sheet (sample)
Input Parameters

Length of first landing = 1 m

Length of second landing = 1 m
Going length (G) = 2.61 m
Width of going (W) = 0.914 m
No. of risers = 9
No. of treads = 8
Height of riser = 177 mm
Width of tread = 250 mm

Assume grade of concrete (fck) = M 20

Assume steel (fy) = Fe 500
Modification factor,  (assumed) = 1.25
Thickness of marble finishing = 20 mm
Thickness of screed = 20 mm
Thickness of plaster = 12 mm
Unit weight of marble = 26.5 KN/m3
Unit weight of screed = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Live load = 3 KN/m2
Assume bar diameter = 12 mm

Effective length of flight = 4.61 m

Effective depth of slab (d)  184.4 mm
Assume, d = 99 mm
Total depth of slab, D = 125 mm

Dead load calculation of steps and waist slab

Cross sectional area of step (A1) = 0.022125 sq.m.

Cross sectional area of waist slab (A2) = 0.038289 sq.m.
Total cross sectional area (A) = 0.060414 sq.m.
Dead load of step and waist slab/m/step = 1.51036 KN
Dead load due to floor finish (marble) = 0.53 KN/m
Dead load due to screed = 0.408 KN/m
Dead load due to plaster = 0.2448 KN/m
 Dead load per m2 plan area = 7.22424 KN
Dead load per meter = 6.602955 KN
Live load per meter = 2.742 KN
Dead load + Live load = 9.344955 KN
Design load = 14.01743 KN

Dead load calculation of first landing

Dead load = 3.125 KN/m2

Dead load due to marble finish = 0.53 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed = 0.408 KN/m2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.2448 KN/m2
Dead load per meter = 3.937329 KN
Live load per meter = 2.742 KN
Dead load + Live load = 6.679329 KN
Design load = 10.01899 KN

Dead load calculation of second landing

Dead load = 3.125 KN/m2

Dead load due to marble finish = 0.53 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed = 0.408 KN/m2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.2448 KN/m2
Dead load per meter = 3.937329 KN
Live load per meter = 2.742 KN
Dead load + Live load = 6.679329 KN
Design load = 10.01899 KN

Calculation of reactions

RA = 28.31174 KN

RB = 28.31174 KN

Point of zero shear force from A = 2.019752 m

Mmax = 28.59136 KN-m

Check depth for moment

Required depth for moment = 108.4435 mm

Provided depth, d = 100 mm

Required depth is < Provided depth

O.K. safe
 Area of steel

Solving quadratic equation

-0.02735 Ast2 + 100 Ast + -65727.3 = 0

Design Ast = 859.1886 mm2

2796.8114
Diameter of rebars = 12 mm
no of rebar req 7.5968951
spacing= 120.31231 mm
provide 100 mm c/c

Check for shear

Provided Ast = 1032.82 mm2

p% = 1.14
c = 0.55 N/mm2 IS 456:2000 (Table 19)

v = 0.21 N/mm2

c > v

O.K. safe

Check for deflection

 = 26 fs = 213.84  = 1
 = 1  = 1.213  = 1

Allowable L/d = 31.55

Actual L/d = 28.79
Allowable L/d > Actual L/d
O.K. safe

7.4 Design of Column by Analysis Software (Sample)

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design (Summary)
 Column Element Details
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
GF C5 562 C350X350 3200 0.7

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
350 350 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 1081 0.88
Bottom 2003 1.64

Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 332.11 -79.1165 -11.6579 2850 DCon20
Bottom 184.238 -64.3418 -70.4058 0 DCon19

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 387.95 38.9735 2850 DCon20
Bottom 387.95 38.9735 0 DCon20

Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 387.95 62.3989 2850 DCon20
Bottom 387.95 62.3989 0 DCon20

Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint
Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0.568 311.3246 547.8367 122500 DCon3
Minor(Vu3) 0.568 457.8768 547.8367 122500 DCon3

Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

 SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.4(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 0.538 2.603 86.3265 231.837 DCon11
Minor22 0.861 1.625 140.5801 231.837 DCon11

7.5 Design of Beam by Analysis Software (Sample)

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Summary)

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
GF B29 584 MB230X350 DCon10 175 3581.4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 350 230 0 30 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-75.2669 0.3719 82.5546 -59.0877

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-75.2669 0.5517 0 -75.8186

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -75.8186 690 68 690 172
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 345 68 0 345
 Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu
Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
107.7226 0 110.3097 58.4005 955.24

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.3719 82.5546 190 310 351.76

7.6 Area of steel for design of main bar

Figure 16 Elevation view for Longitudinal Reinforcement

Figure 17 Percentage of Longitudinal Reinforcement sample
8 DESIGN SUMMARY
8.1 Footing Design Summary
Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 50 mm

Mat footing design summary

Footing Type Footing Size ext Depth Rebar (T/B) Location in grid
footing (m) (LXB) D d X-Dir Y-Dir
mm mm Dia c/c Dia c/c
MF 17.4 X 12.2 600 550 12 150 12 150 Entire Mat

8.2 Column Design Summary

Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 40 mm
Ground Floor Column
Grid
Column
SN Locatio Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Stair Cover
Size
n

1 A-2 350X350 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
2 A-3 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
3 A-4 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
4 A-5 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
5 A-6 350X350 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
6 B-2 350X350 8-20φ 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
7 B-3 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
8 B-4 350X350 8-16φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
9 B-5 350X350 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
10 B-6 350X350 8-20φ 8-20φ 8-20φ 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
11 C-2 350X350 8-20φ 8-20φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
12 C-3 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
13 C-4 350X350 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
14 C-5 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
15 C-6 350X350 8-16φ 8-16φ 8-16φ 8-16φ
16 D-2 350X350 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
17 D-3 350X350 8-16φ 8-16φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
18 D-4 350X350 8-16φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
19 D-5 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 8-16φ 8-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
20 D-6 350X350 4-20φ + 4-16φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ 4-16φ + 4-12φ
8.3 Beam Design Summery
Design Parameters: Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 30 mm
Plinth Beam
Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Ast Shear
Span Bar No. Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 9"X12" 2 16 1 16 3 603.264 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9"X12" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
Top 9"X12" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
Mid Span 6" c/c
Bottom 9"X12" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
End Top 9"X12" 2 16 1 16 3 603.264 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9"X12" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8

Ground Floor
Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Ast Shear
Span Bar No. Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 9"X14" 2 16 2 16 4 804.352 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9"X14" 2 16 2 12 4 628.4 8
Top 9"X14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
Mid Span 6" c/c
Bottom 9"X14" 2 16 2 12 4 628.4 8
End Top 9"X14" 2 16 2 16 4 804.352 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9"X14" 2 16 2 12 4 628.4 8

First Floor
Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Ast Shear
Span Bar No. Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 9"X14" 2 16 1 16 3 603.264 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9"X14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
Top 9"X14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
Mid Span 6" c/c
Bottom 9"X14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
End Top 9"X14" 2 16 1 16 3 603.264 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9"X14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
Second floor
Dia Lateral Ties
Total
Beam Beam Th-Bar Ex-Bar Shear
Location Rebar Bar Ast
Span Size Rein. Spacing
No.
no dia no dia Dia
Start Top 9" X 14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
Mid Top 9" X 14" 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
6" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 2 339 8
End Top 9" X 14" 2 16 1 12 3 515.288 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8

Third floor
Dia Lateral Ties
Total
Beam Beam Th-Bar Ex-Bar Shear
Location Rebar Bar Ast
Span Size Rein. Spacing
No.
no dia no dia Dia
Start Top 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
Mid Top 9" X 14" 2 12 0 0 2 226 8
6" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 2 339 8
End Top 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8

Stair Cover
Dia Lateral Ties
Total
Beam Beam Th-Bar Ex-Bar Shear
Location Rebar Bar Ast
Span Size Rein. Spacing
No.
no dia no dia Dia
Start Top 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
Mid Top 9" X 14" 2 12 0 0 2 226 8
6" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 2 339 8
End Top 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 9" X 14" 2 12 1 12 3 339 8
8.4 Slab design summary
Overall Depth=125 mm

Typical slab reinforcement (cranked: Double Net at edges and Single Net at Mid span)
Top Bar: Provided Dia 8mm @ 150mm C/C in both x and y direction
Bottom Bar: Provided Dia 8mm @ 150mm C/C in both x and y direction

Balcony Projection slab

Top Bar: Provided Dia 12mm @ 300 mm C/C in x direction
Top Bar: Provided Dia 8mm @ 300 mm C/C in y direction
Bottom Bar: Provided Dia8mm @ 300 mm C/C in x direction

9 CONCLUDING REMARKS

Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for
construction of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadiums,
towers, tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratories works have shown that a well-
designed and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant
structures. Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by
following the recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake
resistant design.

Design and construction of the structure are inter-related jobs. A building behaves in a manner
how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of
structure failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality
assurance is needed in both design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very

important role. It has been observed that damages during earthquake are largely dependent on
the quality and workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in the good
seismic behavior of the structure.

Er. Shivaji Bhusal

Civil Engineer
(NEC No. 4234 ”A”)
END OF REPORT