HEIGHTS & DISTANCES

Understanding 45-45 and 30-60 triangles

Applications of 45-45 and 30-60 triangles

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RULE

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Previous year questions

1. If the angle of elevation of the Sun changes from 30° to
45°, the length of the shadow of a pillar decreases by 20
meters, The height of the pillar is:
(a) 20(√3-1)m (b) 20 (√3+1)m
(c) 10(√3-1)m (d)10(√3+1)m
2. At a point on a horizontal line through the base of a
monument the angle of elevation of the top of the
monument is found to be such that its tangent is 1/5 On
walking 138 meters towards the monument the secant of
the angle of elevation is √193/12 the height of
monument (in meter) is
(a) 42 (b) 49
RULE (c) 35 (d) 56

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3. The distance between two pillar of length 16 meters and 9 (a) x/2√2 (b) x/4
meters is x meters. If two angles of elation of their (c) x√2 (d)x/2
respective top from t bottom of the other are 12. An aero plane when flying at a height of 5000m from the
complementary to each other then the value of x ( in ground passes vertically above another aero plane at an
meters) is instant, when the angles of elevation of the two aero
(a)15 (b) 16 planes from the same point on the ground are 60° and 45°
respectively. The vertical distance between the aero
(c)12 (d) 9
planes at that instant is
4. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the
top and bottom of a tree are x and y respectively. If the (a) 5000(√3-1)m (b) (5000(3-√3)m
height of the tree is h metre, then (in metre the height of (c) 5000 (1- (1√3) (d) 4500 m
the building 13. A man standing at a point P is watching the top of a tower,
(a) h cot x /cot x +cot y (b) h cot y / cot +cot y which makes an angle of elevation of 30. The man walks
(c) h cot x / cot x –cot y (d) h cot y /cot x –cot y sole distance towards the tower and then his angle of
5. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point A elevation of the top of the tower is 60°. If the height of
on the ground is 30° On moving a distance of 20 meters tower is 3Orn,then the distance he moves is
towards the foot of the tower to a point B, the angle of (a) 22 m (b) 22√3m
elevation increases to 60°. The height of the tower is (c) 20 m (d) 20√3 m
(a) √3 m (b) 5 √3 m 14. An aero plane when flying at a height of 3125m from the
(c) 10 √3m (d) 20√3 m ground passé vertically below another plane at an instant
6. Two poles of equal height are standing opposite to each when the angle of elevation of the two planes from the
other on another side of a road which is 100m wide, same point on the ground an 30° and 60° respectively .
From a point between them on road, angle of elevation of The distance between the two planes at that instant is
their tops are 30° and 60° the height of each pole ( in (a) 6520 m (b) 6000 m
meter) is (c) 5000 m (d) 6250 m
(a) 25√3 (b) 20 √3 15. The shadow of the tower becomes 60 meters longer when
(c) 28 √3 (d)30 √3 the altitude of the sun changes from 45° to 30°. Then the
7. The angle of elevation of the top of a chimney and roof of height of the tower is
the building for a point on the ground are x and 45° (a) 20(√3+ 1)m (b) 24(√3 + 1)m
respectively. The height of building is h meter. Then the (c) 30(√3 + 1)m (d) 30(√3-1)m
height of the chimney, (in meter) is 16. A vertical post 15 ft. high is broken at a certain height and
(a) h cot x + h, (b) h cot x - h its upper part, not completely separated meets the ground
at an angle of 30. Find the height at which the post is
(c) h tan x - h (d) h tan x + h
broken
8. There are two vertical posts, one on each side of a road,
just opposite to each other. One post is 108 meter high. (a) 10ft (b) 5ft
From the top of this post the angle of depression of the (c) 15√3(2-√3) ft (d) 5√3 ft
top and foot of the other post are 30° and 60° 17. The shadow of a tower is √3 times its height. Then the
respectively. The height of the other post (in meter) is angle of elevation of the top of the tower is
(a) 36 (b) 72 (a) 45° (b) 30°
(c) 60° (d) 90°
(c) 08 (d) 110
18. A man 6 ft tall casts a shadow 4 ft long. At the same time
9. One files a kite with a thread 150 meter long. If the thread
when a flag pole casts of shadow 50 ft long. The height of
of the kite makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal line,
the flag pole is
then the height of the kite from the ground (assuming the
(a) 80ft (b) 75ft
thread to be in a straight line ) is
(c) 60ft (d) 70ft
(a) 50 m (b) 75√3 m
19. The angle of elevation of an aero plane from a point on the
(c)25√3 m (d)80 m
ground is 60°. After 15 seconds flight the elevation
10. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from two
changes to 30°, If the aero plane is flying at a height
points A and B Lying on the horizontal through the foot of
of1500√3 m, find the speed of the plane
the tower are respectively 15° and 30°. If A and B are on
(a) 300 m/sec (b)200 m/sec
the same side of the tower and AB = 48 meter, then the
(c) 100m/sec (d) 150m/sec
height of the tower is;
20. There are two temples, one on each bank of a river just
(a) 25√3 m (b) 24 meter
opposite to each other. One temple is 54 m high. From the
(c) 24√2 m (d) 96 m
top of this temple, the angles of depression of the top and
11. Two post are x meters apart and the height of one is
the foot of the other temple are 30° and 60° respectively,
double that of the other. If from the mid-point of the line
The length of the temple is;
joining their feet an observer finds the angular elevations
of their tops to be complementary, then the height (in (a) 18 m (b) 36 m
meters) of the shorter post is (c) 36√3 (d) 18√3 m

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21. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from the point 31. The top of two poles of height 24m and 36 m are
P and Q at distance of 'a' and 'b' respectively from the connected by a wire. If the wire makes an angle of 60°
base of the tower and in the same straight line with it are with the horizontal, then the length of the wire is
complementary. The height of the tower is : (a)6m (b) 8√3 m
(a) √ab (b) a/b (c) 8 m (d) 6√3 m
(c) ab (d) a2b2 32. In From the top of a hill 200 m high the angle of
22. The angle of elevation of a tower from a distance 100 m depression of the top and the bottom of a tower are
from its foot is 30°, Height of the tower is observed to be 30° and 60° height of the tower is (in m)
(a) 100/√3 m (b) 50√3m (a)(400√3)/3 (b)500/3
(c) 200√3m (d) 100√3 m (c) 400/3 (d) 200√3
23. A pole stands vertically inside a scalene triangular park 33. From a tower high the angle of depression of two objects,
ABC. If the angle of elevation of the top of the pole from which are in horizontal line through the base of the tower
each corner of the park is same, then in ∆ABC, the foot of are 45° and 30° and they are on the same side of the
the pole is at the tower . the distance (in meters )between the objects is
(a) centroid (b) circumcentre (a) 125√3 (b) 125(√3-1)
(c) 125/(√3-1) (d) 125 (√3+1)
(c) incentre (d) orthocentre
34. From a point P on the ground the angle of elevation of the
24. If the angle of elevation of a balloon from two consecutive
top of a 10 m tall building is 30 degree . A flag is hoisted at
kilometer stones along a road is 30° and 60° respectively,
then the height, of the balloon above the ground will be the top of the building and the angle of elevation of the
top of the flagstaff from P is 45°. Find the length of the
(a) √3 /2 km (b)1/2 km
flagstaff (Take√3=1.732)
(c)2/ √3 km (d) 3√3 km
(a) 10(√30+2) m (b) 10(√30 + 1)m
25. A vertical stick 12 cm long casts a shadow 8 cm long on
(c) 10√3 m (d) 7.32 m
the ground. At the same time, a tower casts a shadow 40
35. The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower
m long on the ground. The height of the tower is
situated perpendicularly on a plane is observed as 60°
(a) 72 m (b) 60 m from a point P on the same plane .From another point Q
(c) 65 m (d) 70 m ,10m vertically above the point P, the angle of depression
26. A tower standing on a horizontal plane subtends a certain of the foot of the tower is 30 m height of the tower is
angle at a point 160 m apart from the foot of the tower. (a)15m (b) 30 m
On advancing 100 m towards it, the tower is found to (c) 20 m (d) 25 m
subtend and angle twice as before. The height of the 36. From a point 20 m away from the foot of a tower, the
tower is angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 30°. The
(a) 80 m (b) 100 m height of the tower is
(c) 160 m (d) 200 m (a) 10√3 m (b) 20√3m
27. The angle of elevation of a tower from a distance 50 m (c) 10/√3m (d) 20 / 3m
from its foot is 30°. The height of the tower is 37. The angle of elevation of ladder leaning against a house is
(a) 50√3 m (b) 50/√3m 60° and the foot of the ladder is 6.5 meters from the
(c) 75√3 m (d) 75/√3m house. The length of the ladder is
28. The length of the shadow of a vertical tower on level (a)13/√3 (b) 13 meters
ground increases by 10 meters when the altitude of the (c) 15 meters (d) 3.25 meters
sun changes from 45° to 30°. Then the height of the tower 38. The angle of elevation of sun changes for 30°to 45°, the
is length of the shadow of a pole decreases by 4 meters, the
(a) 5√3 meter (b) 10(√3+1) meter height of the poleis (Assume √3 =1.732)
(c)5(√3+1) meter (d)10√3 meter
(a) 1.464m (b) 9.464 m
29. The elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the
ground is 45°. On travelling 60 m from the point towards (c) 3.648 m (d) 5.464 m
the tower the elevation of the top becomes 60°. The 39. A vertical pole and a vertical tower are standing on the
height of the tower (in meters) is same level ground. Height of the pole is 10 meters. From
(a) 30 (b) 30 (3-√3) the top of the pole the angle of elevation of the top of the
(c) 30 (3+√3) (d) 30√3 tower and angle of depression of the foot of the tower are
30. From two points on the ground lying on a straight line, 60° and 30 respectively. The height of the tower is
through the foot of a pillar, the two angles of elevation of (a) 20 m (b) 30 m
the top of the pillar are complementary to each other. If (c) 40 m (d) 50 m
the distance of the two points from the foot of the pillar 40. The length of the shadow of a vertical tower on level
are 9 meters and 16 meters and the two points lie on the ground increases by 10 meters when the altitude of the
same side of the pillar. Then the height of the pillar is sun changes from 45° to 30°. Then the height of the tower
is
(a) 5m (b) 10m
(a)5(√3+1)meters (b) 5(√3-1) meters
(c) 9m (d) 12m (c) 5√3 meters (d) 5√3 meter

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41. If a pole of 12 m height caste as shadow of 4√3 m long on
the ground then the sun's angle of elevation at that instant
is
(a) 30° (b) 60°
(c) 45° (d) 90°
42. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point
on the ground is 30° and moving 70 meters towards the
tower it becomes 60°. The height of the tower is
(a) 10 meter (b) 10/√3 meter
(c) 10√3 meter (d) 35√3 meter
43. From the top of a tower of height 180m the angles of
depression of two objects on either sides of the tower are
30° and 45°. Then the distance between the objects are
(a) 180(3+√3) (b) 180(3-√3
(c) 180(√3-1) (d) 180(√3+1)
44. From the peak of a hill which is 300m high, the angle of
depression of two sides of a bridge lying on a ground are
45 degree and 30 degree (both ends of the bridge are on
the same side of the hill ) then the length of the bridge is
(a) 300(√3-1) m (b) 300(√3-1)
(c) 300√3m (d) 300/√ 3 m
45. From an aero plane just over a river, trees on the opposite
bank of the river are found to be 60° and 30° respectively.
If the breadth of the river is 400 meters, then the height of
the aero plane above the river at that instant is Assume
√3 = 1.732
(a) 173.2 meters (b) 346.4 meters
(c)519.6 meters (d) 692.8 meters
46. From the top and bottom of a straight hill, the angle of
depression and elevation of the top of a pillar of 10 m.
height are observed to be 60° and 30° respectively. The
height(in meters) of the hill is
(a) 30 (b) 80
(c) 60 (d) 40

1. (d)

2. (d)
→ Points to remember
it θ = 30° → tna30° = perpendicular (P)/Base (B)

Shortcut approach
1st. Case:

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 Tanθ = AB/BC = Perpendicular/Base = 1/5 5.
2nd. Case:
Sec. ∞ = AD/BD = Hypo/ Base
= √193/12
In Δ ABD Hypo = √193
Base = 12
Then Perpendicular = 7
(By pythagores theorem)
In case I Perpendicular is 1.
So equal this
tanθ = 1× 7/5×7 = 7/35 (7← Perpen, 35 ← Base)

AB = ‘h’ metre
In ΔABC
tan30° = AB/BC
→ h/(d + 20)
→ 1/√3 = h/(d + 20)
√3h = d + 20 ………. (i)
3. In ΔABD
tan 60° = AB = BD = h/d
√3 = h/d
h= √3d
d = h/√3 ………….. (ii)
Put the value of d in equation (i)
√3h = h/√3 + 20
√3h = h/√3 + 20
√3h = (h + 20√3)/√3
3h = h + 20√3
2h = 20√3
h = 20√3/2
h = 10√3 meter
6.
4. (c) M

C x
A
L
y h
D B
d
BD = 100
AB = Tree ‘h’ AB = CD = ‘h’ meter (Height of pole in Δ)
MD = Building ’1’ → tan 30° = h/x
DB = CA = ‘d’ → 1/√3 = h/x → √3h = x ………….. (i)
In ΔMCA In ΔCDP
tanx = MC/AC = 1-h/d tan 60° = h / (100 - x)
→ d= (l-h)/tan x → d = (l - h) cot x …….. (i) → √3(100 - x) = 4
In ΔMDB → √3(100 - √3h) = 4
tan y = 1/d = MD/DB
d = l cot y ………(ii) (Put the value of x from equation (i)
from equitation (i) and (ii) → 100√3 – 3h = h → 4h = 100√3
(l - h) cot x = l cot y h = 25√3 meter
(l - h) cot x = l cot y
l cot x - h cot x = l cot y
h cot x = 1 (cot x – cot y)
l = (h cot x)/ cot x – cot y

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7. 9.

AD = chimney ‘y’ meter

In Δ DCB
tan45° = DB/BC → 1 = (h + y)/BC
→ BC = h + y ………….. (i) K = Kit
In ΔACB KB = thread = 150 meter
tanx° = AB/BC → tan x = h/BC → BC KA = height of kit from ground
= h cot x ………… (ii) In ΔKAB
From equation (i) and (ii) tan60° = KA/AB
→ h + y = h cot x √3/1 = KA/AB
→ y = (hcot x – h) meter If h = √3
8. AB = 1

10.

In ΔACE
tan60° = AC /CE
√3/1 = AC/CE = AC : CE = √3 : 1 ……… (i)
In ΔABD
tan30° = AB/BD
MN is tower
In ΔMNB
∠MBN = ∠MAB + ∠BMA
(Triangle property)
∠30° = 15° + ∠ BMA
∠BMA = 15°
MN is tower
So AB = BM = 48 In ΔMNB
∠MBN = ∠ MAB + ∠BMA
(Triangle property)
∠30° = 15° + ∠BMA
So AB = BM = 48
In ΔMNB

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 AB = AC - BC
= (√3 - 1) units
AC = √3 units = 5000 m
AB = (√3 - 1)units = 5000/√3 (√3 - 1)
= 5000 [1 – 1/√3] m
13. (d)
11.

OB = OD = x/2 h = 30° m
In Δ OCD PC = ?
In Δ ABP
tanθ = (h/x)/2 → 2h/2 ………. (i) tan30° = AB/BP
In ΔAOB 1/√3 = AB/BP → AB: BP = 1 : √3 ……….. (i)
tan(90° - θ) = AB/30 In Δ ABC
cotθ = 2h/(x/2) = 4h/x ………….. (ii) tan 60° = AB/BC
Multiplying both equations √3/1 = AB/BC → AB : BC = √3 : 1 ………. (ii)
tanθ. cotθ = 2h/x × 4h/x
→ x2 - 8h2 = h = x/2√2 meter
12.

Now
AB = √3 units = 30 meter
1 unit = 30/√3 × √3/√3 = 10√3
PC = 3 – 1 = 2 units
= 10√3 × 2 = 20√3 meter
AC = 5000
In Δ ACD
tan 60° = AC/CD
√3 = AC/CD → AC : CD = √3 : 1
In ΔBCD
tan45° = BC/CD
1 = BC/CD = BC: CD = 1 : 1 ……….. (ii)

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14.

CD = BD - BC
CD = √3 - 1
√3 - 1 units = 60
H = 1 unit = 60/(√3 - 1)
= 60/(√3 - 1) × (√3 + 1)/(√3 + 1)
In ΔACD h = 30 (√3 + 1)m
tan 60° = AC/DC 16.
√3/1 = AC/DC
AC : DC = √3 : 1 ………… (i)
In Δ DCB
Tan30° = BC/DC
1/√3 = BC/DC
BC : DC = 1 : √3 ………….. (ii)

MAB was straight earlier = AB + AM = 15ft

In ΔABM
tan 30° = AB/BM
AB = AC - BC 1/√3 = AB/BM
→ 3 - 1 = 2 units If AB = 1
= 2 × 3125 = 6250 m BM = √3
15. then AM = 2 (By phytagores theorem)
AB + AM = 2 + 1 → 3 units = 15ft.
AB = 1 unit = 5 ft.
17.

h = height
In ΔABC
tan45° = AB/BC
1/1 = AB/BC = AB : BC = 1 : 1 ………….. (i)
In Δ ABD 18. (b) Height Shadow
tan 30° = AB/BD 6 ft. 4 ft.
1/√3 = AB/BD → AB : BD = 1 : √3 …………. 3 : 2
(ii) So height of pole will be in same ratio.
= 50 × 3/2 = 75 ft.

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19. √3 = AB/BD → AB : BD = √3 : 1 …………… (ii)
EB = CD and EC = BD

CD = AB - AE
= 3 - 1 = 2 units
AB = CD = 1500√3 (height of areoplane) AB = 3 units × 18 = 54 m
In Δ PDC CD = 2 units × 18 = 36m
tan 60° = CD/PD 21.
3 = CD/ PD → CD : PD = 3 : 1 …………
(i)
In Δ PBA
tan30° = AB/PB
1/ 3 = AB/PB → AB : PB = 1 : 3 …………..
(ii)
AC = BD and AB = CD

AB is tower
DB = PB - PD ∠AQB = θ Thus, ∠APB = 90° - θ
= 3 - 1 = 2 units PB = a, BQ = b
AB = 3 units = 1500√3 m In ΔAQB
→ 1 units = 1500 m tanθ = AB/BQ
CA = DB → 2units = 3000 meter tanθ = h/b ……….. (i)
Speed = Distance/ Time = 3000/15 = 200 m/s In ΔAPB
20. tan (90° - θ) = h/PB
→ Cotθ = h/a ……. (ii)
By multiplying both equaltion
tanθ.cotθ = h/b× h/a
h2 = ab → h ab
22.

AB and CD are temples

BD = width of river
AB = 54 m
In ΔAEC
tan30° = AE/EC = 1/√3 → AE : EC = 1 : √3
In Δ ABD
tan60° = AB/BD

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 26.

23. (b) It should be on circumcentre.

24.

BD = 160m
In ΔACD
exter, ∠ACB = ∠CAD + ∠ ADC
2θ = ∠ CAD + θ
Thus, AC = CD
AC = 100
In ΔABC
AC = 100m
BC = 160 - 100 = 60m
Then, AB = 80 m (By phytagores theorem)
27.
AB = height of balloon
In ΔABC
tan60° = AB/BC → AB: BC = √3 : 1
In Δ ABD
tan30° = AB/BD → AB : BD = 1 : √3

CD = BD – BC
= 3 - 1 = 2 units
2 units = 1 km
28.
1 unit = ½
AB = √3 unit = ½ × √3
= √3/2 km
25.

AB = Tower = h
In ΔABC
tan45° = AB/BC = 1
AB : BC = 1 : 1 ………. (i)
In Δ ABD
tan30° = AB/BD
1/√3 = AB/BD = AB : BD = 1 : √3 …………(ii)

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 30.

CD = BD - BC
= √3 - 1
(√3 - 1) units = 10m
(AB) = 1 unit = 10/(√3 - 1)
= 5 (√3 + 1) meter
29.

AB = Phillar
BC = 9 meter
BD = 16 meter
∠ ADB=Q
In Δ ABC
tan(90 - θ) = AB/BC
cotθ = AB/BC = h/9 ……. (i)
In Δ ABD
tanθ = h/16 ……….. (ii)
By multiplying equation (i) and (ii)
AB height of tower tanθ . cot θ = h/9 × h/16
In ΔABC → h2/144 = 1
tan60° = AB/BC → h2 = 144
√3 = AB/BC → AB : BD = √3 : 1 …….. (i) h = 144
In ΔABC h = 12 meter
tan 45° = AB/BD1 = AB/BD → AB : BD = 1 : 1 31.
………. (ii)

AC = wire
AB and CD are two poles
In ΔAEC
sin 60° = AE/AC
→ √3/2 = 12/AC
(AE = AB – CD = 36 – 24 = 12 m)
AC = 24/√3
= 8√3 m

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32.

34.
AB = hill = 200 meter
CD = tower
In Δ APC
tan30° = AP/PC
1/√3 = AP/PC = AP : PC = √3 : 1 ……….. (i)
In Δ ABD
tan60° = AB/BD
√3 = AB/BD = AB : BD = √3 : 1 ………. (ii)
PB = CD and PC = BD AB – building = 10 m
Now, In Δ ABP
tan30° = AB/BP
1/√3 = AB/BP = AB : BP = 1 : √3 ……….. (i)
In Δ FBP
tan45° = FB/BP
1 = FB/BP = FB : BP = 1 : 1 ……… (ii)

33.

FB = 17.32 m
FA = FB - AB
= 17.32 – 10
= 7.32 meter
35.

AB = Tower
In ΔABC tan45° = AB/BC
1 = AB/ BC = AB : BC = 1 : 1 ……… (i)
In ΔABD = tan30° = AB/BD

AB = Tower
QP = 10 meter
In ΔQBP

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 tan30° = QP/PB AB = pole
1/√3 = QP/PB → QP : PB = 1 : √3 …………. (i) In Δ ABC
In Δ ABP tan 45° = AB/BC
tan60° = AB/BP 1 = AB/BC = AB : BC = 1 : 1 …….. (i)
√3 = AB/BP → AB:BP = √3 : 1 …….. (ii) In Δ ABD
CB = QP and CQ = BP tan30° = AB/BD = AB : BD 1 : √3 ……(ii)

= √3 - 1 units = 4m
AB = 1 unit = 4/(√3 - 1)
36.
= 2 (√3 + 1) = 5.464m
39.

AB = pole CE = tower
AB = 10 meter
37.
In ΔABE
tan 30° = CD/AD
1/√3 = AB/BE = AB : BE = 1 : √3 ……….. (i)
In ΔACD
tan60° = CD/BE
√3/1 = CD/AD = CD : AD = √3 : 1 ………. (ii)
AD = BE and AB = DE

38. (d)

40.

AB = height of tower

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 In Δ ABC
tan45° = AB/BC
1 = AB/BC = AB : BC = 1 : 1 ……… (i)
In ΔABD

AB = 180m
CD = 1
In ΔABC
tan45° = AB/BC
1 = AB/BC → AB:BC = 1 : 1 ……. (i)
41.
In Δ ABD
tan 30° = AB/BD
1/√3 = AB/BD
AB : BD = 1 : √3 ………… (ii)

42. 44.

AB= height of peak

300 m
In ∠ACD CD = length of Bridge
∠ ACB = ∠CAD + ∠ADC In ΔABC
60° = ∠CAD + 30° tan45° = AB/BC
1 = AB/BC = AB : BC = 1 : √3
∠CAD = 30°
So, AC = CD
AC = 70m
cosec 60° = AC/AB
2/ 3 = 70/AB
AB = 35 3 m
43.

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45. 46.

BC = 400 meters
In Δ ABD
tan60° = AD/BD
√3/1 = AD/BD → AD : BD = √3 : 1 ………. (i)
In Δ ADC
tan 30° = AD/DC
1/√3 = AD/DC → AD : DC = 1 : √3 ……….. (ii)

1 units → 10
3 units → 10 × 3 = 30
Thus, Height of hill = 30m

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