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Computer Security
Computer Security
In today's world, we use computers for all our tasks. Our day-to-day activities: paying bills,
buying groceries, using social media, seeking entertainment, working from home,
communicating with a friend, etc., can all be done using a computer. So it is important not only
to know how to use a computer, but also to understand the components of a computer and what
they do.
What is a Computer?
Computer - is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it, produces results,
displays them to the users, and stores the results for future usage.
Data - is a collection of unorganized facts & figures and does not provide any further
information regarding patterns, context, etc. Hence data means "unstructured facts and figures".
Information - is a structured data i.e. organized meaningful and processed data. To process the
data and convert into information, a computer is used.
Functions of Computers
1. Receiving Input
Data is fed into computer through various input devices like keyboard, mouse, digital pens,
etc. Input can also be fed through devices like CD-ROM, pen drive, scanner, etc.
Operations on the input data are carried out based on the instructions provided in the
programs.
After processing, the information gets stored in the primary or secondary storage area.
4. Producing output
The processed information and other details are communicated to the outside world through
output devices like monitor, printer, etc.
Personal computer has advanced a lot in a short period of time, and much of the advancement is
due to ongoing progresses in operating systems. Evolution of operating systems had made PCs
easier to use and understand, flexible and reliable. This chapter is the study of primary operating
systems currently used in personal computers and network servers, and their basic features.
Advantages of Computer
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Disadvantages of Computer
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment
Green Computing – reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated.
Strategies Included
Recycling
Regulating Manufacturing Processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Communicate
Research and Access Information
Shop Bank
Invest Online Trading
Entertainment
Share Information
Download Videos
Web Application
Wen and Internet - social networking Web site encourages members to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users – Also called an
online social network.
Software - also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them.
A. System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
B. Application Software
Installing - is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware.
Categories of Computers
Embedded computers
Supercomputers
Mainframes
Servers
Game consoles
Mobile computers
Mobile devices
Personal computers
Personal computer - can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage
activities by itself.
Examples include:
Notebook computers
Laptop computers
Netbooks
Tablet PCs
Server controls - access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network.
Home User
• Personal financial management
• Web access
• Communications
• Entertainment
Mobile User
• Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet
• Transfer information
• Play video games
• Listen to music
• Watch movies
Power User
• Work with multimedia
• Use industry-specific software
Enterprise User
• Communicate among employees
• Process high volumes of transactions
• Blog
Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together.
Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster.
Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service:
Access provider - is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the
Internet free or for a fee.
IP address - is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the
Internet.
Web 2.0 - refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact.
Web browser, or browser - allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs.
Internet Explorer
Firefox
Opera
Safari
Google Chrome
Tabbed browsing - allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web
browser window.
Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories.
Search engine
- Finds information related to a specific topic.
Subject directory
- Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories.
Search engine is helpful in locating items such as:
Images
Videos
Audio
News
Maps
People or Business
Blogs
Portal
News
Informational
Business/Marketing
Blog
Wiki
Online Social Network
Educational
Entertainment
Advocacy
Web Application
Content Aggregator
Personal
Multimedia - refers to any application that combines text with:
Graphics
Animation
Audio
Video
Virtual Reality
BMP
GIF,
JPEG,
PNG
TIFF
Mailing list - is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name.
VoIP (Voice over IP) - enables users to speak to other users over the Internet
•Also called Internet telephony
Newsgroup - is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular
subject.
•Typically requires a newsreader.
Packaged Software
Custom Software
Web Application
Open Source Software
Shareware
Freeware
Public-Domain Software
System software - serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and
the computer’s hardware.
Utility programs
Business software - is application software that assists people while performing business
activities.
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Data Base
Presentation
Note Taking
Personal Information Manager
Business Software for Phones
Business Software Suites
Project Management
Accounting
Document Management
Enterprise Computing
Spreadsheet software - allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform
calculations.
Database - is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use
of that data.
Note taking software - is application software that enables users to enter typed text,
handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a page.
Project management software - allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze
the events, resources, and costs of a project.
Accounting software - helps companies record and report their financial transactions.
Web page authoring software - helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that
include multimedia and interactive content.
Web application (Web app) - is a Web site that allows users to access and interact
with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet.
Web Browser
E-mail
Instant Messaging
Chat Room
Text, Picture, Video Messaging
RSS Aggregator
Blogging
Newsgroup or Message Group
VTP
VoIP (Internet Telephony)
Video Conferencing
Web-based training - is a type of CBT that uses Internet technology and consists of
application software on the Web.
Distance learning (DL) - is the delivery of education at one location while the learning takes
place at other locations.