WM RR PDF

Utilization of Waste Plastics in Rural Roads
Dr. R. Vasudevan ,
Dean & Prof. Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai-15
Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13
RESEARCH GROUP
The Institute
where quality and ethics matter
y Established in the year 1957
Funded by
State & Central Governments and Management
Granted autonomy by
University Grants commission
Affiliated to
Anna University
Approved by
All India Council for Technical Education
Accredited by
National Board of Accreditation
y ISO 9000‐2008 Certified
Offers
Seven Undergraduate Programmes,
Fourteen Postgraduate Programmes and
Doctoral programmes in Engineering and Sciences
Our Sincere Thanks to
Director, National Rural Roads Development
Agency
3RD MAY 2013
Dear Sir,
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the continuous guidance and support by
you for making Jamshedpur, a Plastic nuisance free city. We have been using plastic
waste for the construction of road since 2011. Now, we are able to mix it even in the
central hot mix plant directly. We have received lots of appreciation from the State
government, Pollution control board, Other corporates and Municipalities. People/
Engineers are visiting our town to see the successful implementation of Plastic road
quite often.
We also have had the opportunity to present it in several technical forums. You will be
very glad to know that after the successful implementation of the pilot in the year 2011,
we are constructing only plastic tar road in jamshedpur under your guidance.
We sincerely thank you for all your support.
Thanks & Regards,
Gaurav Anand, Sr. Manager
Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company, A Tata Enterprise

E- mail dated- 04-12-2013
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
Meeting Organised by TN GOVT
A small step towards…
• Use of Waste Plastics
Specialties • Better Road

• Saving of Bitumen
• Cost Less
• Solid Waste into Manure
• Job for Self Help Group
Plastic Tar Road -A New Path way

Composition of Municipal solid waste
Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
City Paper Met Glas Textile Plastics Ash Organic Others
al s s &
dust
Chennai 5.90 0.70 - 7.07 3 16.3 56.24 13.74

5
Delhi 5.88 0.59 0.31 3.56 1.46 22.9 57.71 7.52
5
Kolkata 0.14 0.66 0.24 0.28 1.54 33.5 46.58 16.98
8
Bangalore 1.50 0.10 0.20 3.10 0.90 12.0 75.00 7.20
0
Ahmedaba 5.15 0.08 0.93 4.08 0.69 29.0 48.95 10.39
d 1
Mumbai 3.20 0.13 0.52 3.26 - 15.4 59.37 18.07

5
Source: Planning commission on “Urban solid waste management in India”, GOI(1995)
PLASTIC SCENARIO
• Plastic Common man’s Friend

• Environmentally Friend
• Energy Saving
• Superior Property
• Less Toxic gas evolution
• Convenient to carry
• Energy for transportation is less
Available Plastics materials in the Market and their chemical nature
Plastic Tourist Nature of

Hotels Railway Airport Community Hall
material center Plastics
Cup Yes Yes No Yes Yes Poly ethylene

Carry bag Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Poly ethylene
Water
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes PET
bottle
Cool
drinks Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes PET
bottle
Polyester+Poly
Chocolate
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ethylene+metali
covers
sed polyester
Parcel
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Poly ethylene
cover
Supari Polyester+Poly
Yes Yes No Yes Yes
cover ethylene
Milk
Yes Yes No Yes Yes LDPE
Pouche
Biscuit Polyester+Poly
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
covers ethylene
Decoration
No No No Yes No BOPP
papers
Current Uses of Packing Films and Their Chemical Nature
Types of Films Chemical Nature Characteristics Uses
Reinforced Film Polyethylene
Oil Packing Nylon Oil Packing

Shrink Films LLDPE Releases O2, CO2 Fruits
Cling Films Polyethylene also PVC Stretched and Wrapped Vegetable
Packing
Vacuum Films Nylon, EVOH( Middle), PE( Seven Layers
Inner and Outer)
Milk Bags LLDPE, LDPP Three Layers Milk
Wrap PP Bags
Lino Bags (Nets) PE Fruits
Sleeves PE Foams Apples

Non Oil Sticking Nylon Aroma Lock Tea and Coffee
packing
Tea (Taj Mahal) PET, BOPP
Broad Molecular 10 Micron Strong Good in Low

Weight Temp
General Information On Flexible Packing Materials:
•In India 330 Millions- Depending on Plastic Bags

•India ranks III in the world in the consumption of
plastics
• Packing in India Increases three fold
Rigid Packing – Modified in to flexible packing
Uses: 1. Super Market – 30%
2. Water Pocket: 30%
3. Chemical Packing: 20%
4. Ware House: 9%
5. Departmental Store: 2%
• Films: Mono, three layers, five layers, seven

layers:
2,80,000 Kg/Annum
PLASTICS – A GOOD FRIEND
Plastic waste Chemical nature Use
LDPE and HDPE Carry Bags
PP Biscuit Cover and
Chocolate Covers
Polystyrene Packing Materials
Poly Styrene and Cups
Polypropylene
PET Water Bottles
Polystyrene Foam Packing Materials
PVC Cables and Wires
WHY PLASTICS ?
Replacing Traditional Materials
Material Energy Requirement
…Due to Superior Properties
KWH Kg-1
y Safe & Hygienic – Inert and Chemical Resistance
yLight Weight & Non-Breakability Aluminum 74.1
yExcellent Barrier Properties - Enhancing Shelf-life Steel 13.9

Glass 7.9
ySuperior Impact Resistance
Paper 7.1
yTransparency as well as Opacity
Plastic 3.1
yLower Fuel Consumption and Product Loss during
Scott, G and Gilead, D., editors, Degradable
Polymers, Principles and Application,
Transportation Chapman & Hall, London, 1995
All These… at Lesser Cost
ENERGY SAVING:
1 LAC MT. OF ATTA PACKAGING
Jute Vs Plastic
Energy consumption in GJ for

Manufacturing Raw Materials, Packaging
and Transportation of Atta
Energy saving – 81%

Energy recovery with plastics waste-35 GJ
Source: LCA Study by IIT (Delhi)
The comparison holds good for Plastics Vs Jute Carry Bags
ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN…
Jute Bag Vs Plastic Bag
During production of raw During transportation of the finished bags
Material & bags
* High potential for Global Warming
**Values are for Packaging of One Lac MT of Atta
Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13 Source – Report by Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering, IIT - Delhi
PLASTICS BAGS / CARRY BAGS
y Increase shelf-life of contents
y Essential for packaging / carrying
of confectionery, bakery products
y Essential for packaging / carrying
hygroscopic products like sugar / salt / jaggary
y Convenient for carrying fish / meat / poultry and other wet food
products – no other appropriate alternatives
y Essential to carry commodities during rainy season
y Add convenience to day-to-day life
PLASTIC & PAPER CARRY BAGS
y 150,000 plastic bags of

20 cm x 30 cm x 40 micron needs 1
small tempo for transportation
y Paper bags of same size & number

need ~ 10 such tempos for
transportation - due to higher weight
and volume Consuming more fuel
and causing more air pollution
PLASTICS - Consumption
Plastic Consumption
Global 180 Million Tonnes – 28 Kg Per capita
Indian 6.5 Million Tonnes 6.5 Kg Per capita
World’s Plastic Consumption- Disposal as Solid Waste 55%
Dr. R. VasudevanReuse
07‐12‐13 – 45%
WASTE PLASTIC SCENARIO
Road side Plastics Waste
PLASTIC WASTE IN CANAL‐ CLOGGING
THE FLOW OF WATER
PLASTIC WASTE IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Problems
• Non- biodegradable
• Water line clogging
• Accumulation of waste with MSW
• Disposal technique
• People garbage culture
Plastics are indispensable

“ poor man’s friend”
BAN?????
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
1. Land Filling
2. Incineration
Land Filling
Postponement
Of Solution
• Water flow seepage affected

• Land soil gets polluted
• Solid waste --- Not disposed properly.
• Non-availability of natural manure
• Space not available
•Soil microbe activity reduced

• Water line clogging – CH4 evolution green house effect
Incineration
y Burning or ≈ 700‐1100º C Toxic gases like

y Incineration CO, CO2 & ash ( oxides)
• Air Pollution (dust, etc.,)

• Loss of solid waste
• Global warming
• Monsoon failure
• Cost is more
• Improper technology
• Dioxin ?
Thermal Behavior
PE, PP, PS CO, CO2 but no Cl2

Burning
Use of PE, PP and PS can not liberate dioxin even on burning .
PVC CO, CO2 and Cl2 and HCl

Burning
C + O2 + Cl2 +Cu II Catalyst Dioxin

300 –350 deg.C (Partial)
PVC alone on heating may result in dioxin formation (300‐350 deg. C)
(reverse cooling)
DIOXIN
z Source
- Chlorine related pesticides
– Chlorinated solvents
– Bleaching
– Chlorination of water
– Leaded petrol
– PVC
PE - (-CH2- CH2-)n PP - (-CH2- CH(CH3)-)n
PS - (-CH2- CH(C 6H507‐12‐13

Dr. R. Vasudevan
)-)n PVC - (-CH2- CH(Cl)-)n
DISPOSAL OF PLASTIC WASTE
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
PLASTIC WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
1.Thermal Stability
2. Toxic nature
3.Softening Temperature
4.Binding Property
THERMAL PROPERTIES
• Decomposition Point
• Toxic characteristics
THERMAL BEHAVIOUR- BASED ON TGA MEASUREMENTS
Ignition
Softening Decom Product temp. Product
Product
Temp position s rang s
polymer s
in Temp repor e in repor
reported
Deg.C Deg.C ted Deg. ted
C
CH4,
PE Film 100-120 No gas 289-335 >700 CO,CO2
C2H6
PP 140 - 160 No gas 271-329 C2H6 >700 CO,CO2
PS 110-140 No gas 300-350 C6H6 >700 CO,CO2
PE Foam 120-125 No gas 309-385 CH4 >700 CO,CO2
Tea Cup 130-150 No Gas 313-420 C2H-6 >700 CO,CO2

NO TOXIC GAS EVOLVED
PVC – not considered
T
O
X
I
PVC – Pipes
C
I
Others T
Y
PET – Bottle
I
N
PE, PP & PS - films C
R
E
Bio-based Polymers
BIO POLYMER A
S
E
Flex Board: PVC
THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF
WASTE POLYMERS
‐TGA & DSC
– GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
THERMAL BEHAVIOUR FOR VIRGIN PLASTICS
SOFTENING POINT FOR VIRGIN PLASTIC ‐ ON DSC MEASUREMENTS
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
• Softening Point
• Thickness
Physical Properties
•Most of them soften below 1700c except Poly vinyl chloride and Polyethylene
terepthalate ( Table – 1)
Commercial Thickness Softening Point
Nature of μ Deg C
Plastic
Plastics
material
Cup Poly ethylene 70 100-120
Carry bag Poly ethylene 10 100-120
Parcel cover Poly ethylene 50 100-120
Milk Pouch LDPE 60 100-120
Film Polyethylene 50 120-130
Foam Polyethylene NA 100-110
Chocolate covers Polyester+Poly ethylene+metalised polyester 20 155
Supari cover Polyester+Poly ethylene 60 120-135
40 170
Biscuit covers Polyester+Poly ethylene
Water bottle PET 210 170-180

Cool drinks bottle PET 210 170-180
Decoration papers BOPP 100 110
Foam Polystyrene
Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13 NA 110
BINDING PROPERTY VARIOUS PLASTICS
• PE
• PP
• PS
• Foams
• Laminated Plastics
Waste Plastics – a Binder
Aggregate Waste plastics
140° C
MIX COMPACTED
C.S – 300tons
Block
FLUXURAL .S –2000
kg cm.
Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13 (moment)
Type of plastics and variation in Bending Strength:
Percentage of Plastics Bending Strength in Compression Strength
Type of Plastic Kg Tons
Poly ethylene 10 325 250
20 340 270
25 350 290
30 400 325
Poly propylene 10 350 280
20 370 290
25 385 310
Polystyrene 10 200 155
20 210 165
25 215 170
Polyethylene Foam 10 310 250
20 325 265
25 335 290
Polypropylene 10 340 270
Foam 20 360 290
25 365 310
Laminated Plastics 10 360 290
20 385 310
25 Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13 400 335
BENDING STRENGTH BENDING STRENGTH CONT..
% of Plastics
10 20 25 420
BENDING STRENGTH
500 400
400 BENDING 380 10
300 STRENGT 360 20
H 25
200 340
100 320
0 300
PE PP PS PEF PP FOAM LAM PLA
TYPE OF PLASTICS TYPES OF PLASTICS
COMPRESSION STRENGTH COMPRESSION STRENGTH

350 400
300 350
250 300
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
10 250 10
200
20 200 20
150 25 150 25
100 100
50 50
0 0
PE PP PS PE PP FOAM LAM PLA
TYPES OF PLASTIC FOAM TYPE OF PLASTICS
Raw materials for road construction
y Aggregate
y Bitumen (Tar)
y Waste Plastics
ROAD AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS
Color Black > Grey>White
Strength Need to be Good
Surface Roughness More Preferred
Porosity 2% ‐ Tolerance
Moisture Absorption 2% ‐ Tolerance
Polymer coated Aggregate
‐ Characteristics
Aggregate Modified – Voids Reduction –
% of Wt. of Water absorption (%)
polymer added
coated over plastics in
aggregate ( gm)
Sample I Sample II Sample III Average
- - 0.56 0.57 0.55 0.56
0.5 2.50 0.44 0.40 0.42 0.42
0.75 3.75 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.29
1.0 5.00 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.22
“water absorption decreased due to
reduction in voids
IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS OF
PLASTIC COATED AGGREGATE
% of Moisture Soundne Voids Aggrega Los Aggrega

Plastics Absorptio ss te Angeles te
n Crushing Abrasion Impact
Test Value
Nil 4% 5% 4% 26% 37% 25.4%
1% 1% NIL 2.2% 21% 32% 21.20
2% 1% NIL 1% 20% 29% 18.50
3% 0.5% NIL NIL NA NA NA
5% 0.35% NIL NIL NA NA NA
10% 0.12 NIL NIL NA NA NA
The above value shows that the PCA shows improved quality which is
responsible for the better performance of the road.
CHARCTERISTICS OF PLASTIC
COATED AGGREGATE
6
5
DETERMINED
MOISTURE
VALUES
4 SOUNDNESS
3 VOIDS
AIV
2
LAR
1 CRUSHING
0
0 1 2 3
PERCENTAGE OF
PLASTICS
IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS OF
PLASTIC COATED AGGREGATE
PLASTIC COATED AGG
Bitumen characteristics
y Structure‐ long molecules
y Viscosity – not suitable beyond 160.deg.C
PLASTICS COATED AGGREGATE WITH
BITUMEN
Bitumen Coating over PCA
RESISTANCE TO STRIPPING
Type of Time Stripping %
Aggregate
Plain Bitumen 24hrs 5%

coated AGG
Polymer coated 72hrs Nil

aggregate
No Pot Hole Formation
RESISTANCE TO Oil
5% PE + Bitumen
Pure ‐ Bitumen
Extraction of Bitumen from bitumen/PCA
5 10 Minutes 15 Minutes
% of Plastics Minutes
added (gm)
Bitumen Bitumen Bitumen
Removed Removed Removed
(%) (%) (%)
‐ 96.0 98.0 99.0
5 63.5 88.7 92.3
10 63.2 86.7 90.7
15 61.3 76.7 83.6
Removal of Bitumen Difficult due to

Improved binding – possible using decaline
solvent
FLOW CHART – POLYMER BITUMEN ESTIMATION
Decaline
at 60o C
/ 30 Mins
Tri chloro ethylene
Amount of Bitumen : W1‐W2
Amount of Plastics : W2‐W3
Asphalt polymer inter link structure
MSV for Polymer coated aggregate - bitumen mix
MSV INCREASES WITH ADDITION OF PLASTICS – BETTER
STRENGTH TO ROAD
% of Plastics % of Bitumen Marshall Flow value M/Q
Waste added in the Stability (mm) (kg/mm)
added in the mix Value
mix
0.00 5 (Kg)
1050 4.10 304
0.25 5 1910 4.70 406
0.50 5 2450 4.75 515
Minimum Required Value 1000Kg
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MSV FOR
PCA AND PMB
Percentage Percentage Type of PCA/PMB M.V F.V
of Bitumen of Plastic Plastic (Kg) (x
w.r.t wt of 0.25mm)
bitumen
4.5 10 PP PCA 2000 5
4.5 10 PE PCA 2000 4
foam
4.5 10 LDPE PCA 1750 4
4.5 10 PP PMB 1700 3.3
4.5 10 PE PMB 1800 3.4
foam
4.5 10 LDPE PMB 1700 3.5
MARSHALL STABILITY VALUE
2000
1900
1800
MSV PP
1700
PE FOA M
1600 LA MIN
1500
PCA PMB
PROCESS
FLOW VALUE
5
4
3
FV
2 PP
1 PE FOAM
LAMIN
0
PCA PMB
PROCESS
PERCENTAGE OF PLASTICS 10%

PLASTIC TAR ROAD
LAYING PROCESS
Vision transfer
WASTE PLASTICS COATED AGGREGATE- BITUMEN MIX
170 °C
AGGREGATES HOT AGGREGATES
Waste
plastics
POLY.COATED
AGGREGATES
HOT
BITUMEN
160 °C
POLYMER –BITUMEN –
AGGREGATES MIXTURE ROAD LAYING (140°.C)
Plastics waste – Cleaning process
Shredding
Required size
waste
Mini Hot Mix Plant
Aggregate heated To 170°c
Aggregate Transferred to
puddling chamber
Waste Plastics mixed With the hot
aggregate
Bitumen added
Aggregate-plastics-bitumen mix
Polymer-Tar Road
COST
SAVE
BITUMEN ENVIRONMENT
DIFFERNCE IN APPEARANCE
COATED AGGREGATE PLAIN AGGREGATE
MINI HOT MIX PLANT
COMPARITIVE STUDY ON Mini hot Mix Plant and CMP
Mini hot Mix Plant Central Mixing Plant
y For small road y For Long distance roads
y Non Continuous y Continuous
y Manual Addition y Mechanized
y Addition of plastics in the y Addition of plastics in the
puddler conveyer belt‐ continuous
y Slow y Fast and better mixing
SALIENT FEATURES – DISPOSAL OF WASTE PLASTICS – ECO
FRIENDLY
Salient features of the Process
y Multi layer films can be used
y No new machinery required
y No Industry Involvement
y No granulation or Powdering of plastics‐ only shredding
y In‐situ process
y Eco friendly process
y Only stone is modified and not Bitumen
y Scraps can be used
y Value addition to waste plastics
y No need for land filling and Incineration
SALIENT FEATURES – WASTE PLASTICS BITUMEN ROAD
COST BENEFIT ANALYIS FOR
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
25mm SDBC‐ 10M2 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Material Needed Plain Bitumen Plastic-tar road

Process
80/100 Bitumen 11250Kg 10125Kg
Plastic waste ----- 1125Kg
Cost Rs. 393750 (BIT)Rs.354375+(plastic)Rs
.13500 = Rs. 367875
Cost Reduced NIL Rs. 25875.00
Carbon Credit NIL 3.5tonnes
Achieved on
avoiding burning of
plastics
Plastic free Municipal Solid Waste - organic manure
Maintenance of the road – Reduced Cost
Roads in India
Benefits of laying plastic roads – Rural Roads
1. Rural Roads- 24.5 lakhs Km if these roads are constructed as plastic tar roads
– we need 24.5 lakhs tones of waste plastics!!!!!!-
2. We prevent nearly 75 lakh tones of Carbon Dioxide entering our atmosphere
by burning waste plastics
3. We save 24.5 lakhs tons of bitumen
4. We save nearly Rs 12250 crores worth of bitumen
5. No maintenance cost for ten years
6. Total waste plastics used for packing material per in India is around 20 lakhs
tones only.
7. The plastic available is insufficient for laying rural roads only.
8. In a nut shell the Government provides not only good roads but also uses all the
waste plastics and reduces carbon dioxide – bitumen usage.
9. Not less than 20000 crores saved
10. To convert all roads in India to plastic roads we need import plastic waste from
other countries
11. If all roads are converted in to plastic roads ??????????
PLASTIC TAR ROAD LAID IN INDIA
1. TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT
• DRDA – ALL DISTRICTS (2000 KmS)
Recent Work
• CORPORATIONS – ALL HQ’S
Himachal Pradesh‐
• PANCHAYAT BOARDS Shimla
• HIGH WAYS Tata Nagar‐
Jamshedpur
• Private Promoters
SHILLONG ‐
2. Kerela Government: MEGHALAYA
• National Transport Planning and research centre
• Private schools and Colleges Private Promoters
1.Hosur
• Corporation
2.Jeya Krishna Mill
3.Resorts
3. Pondicherry Government – PWD 4.Cantonment
4. Maharashtra Government – Mumbai Corporation 5.Pondicherry
5. Goa Government – Ponda municipality
6. Andhra Pradesh Government – Hindpur – Private sector
Road laid by Govt. Authorities
Place Area Date Nature of Road

Kovilpatti 600’x12’ 4th October-02 Municipality
Madurai 180’x10’ 5th October-02 Corporation
Salem 1000’x12’ 15th October-02 Corporation
Komara-palayam 300’x12’ 15th October-02 Municipality
Chennai 600’x18’ 22nd November-02 Corporation
Trichy 600’x18’ 10th January-03 Corporation
Salem 5000’x 18’ 17th April-03 Corporation
Erode 1500’x 24’ 7th May-03 Municipality
Theni 300’x18’ 10th May-03 Panchayat
Nagercoil 1500’x18’ 16th May-03 Panchayat
Madurai- 13th August -03 Panchayat

1.4 km
Kombadi
Road laid by Govt. Authorities and private Sectors cont…
TCE 0.6km 19th January’04 Private Sector
March 2005 High Ways

Vilachery road, Madurai 1km
Vandiyur road Madurai 1 km October 2005 High Ways
TCE Car parking road, Madurai 3500 sq.m July 2005 Private Sector
August 2006 Panchayat

Ettaiapuram, Kovilpatti 0.6 km
January 2006 Private Sector

Canteen road TCE Madurai 600 m
7th july 2007 Private Sector

PSNA College, Dindugal 500m
Kamarajar college, Virudhunagar 700m

High
Vandiyoor Road 500m
Ways
27th sep Private
TCE Women’s Hostel Road 600m
sector
Road Laid by DRDA, Tamil Nadu
Taken Up
S.No Name Of District
Length in KM Cost Rs. In Lakhs
1 Kancheepuram 41.165 120.480
2 Coimbatore 63.250 432.750
3 Cuddalore 43.00 146.410
4 Dharmapuri 34.191 150.660
5 Dindigul 36.670 121.780
6 Kanyakumari 28.021 123.422
7 Karur 30.190 155.060
8 Madurai 54.500 268.460
9 Nagapattinam 31.071 138.857
10 Namakkal 53.780 232.477
11 Perambalur 34.850 220.460
12 Erode 60.110 295.760
13 Pudukkottai 22.930 73.920
14 Ramnad 13.500 54.845
15 Salem Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13
31.685 120.810
Road Details Cont….
16 Sivaganga 22.405 94.800
17 Thanjavur 37.604 199.340
18 The Nilgiris 6.900 34.250
19 Theni 25.000 72.000
20 Thiruvallur 15.000 50.000
21 Thiruvarur 32.705 139.120
22 Trichy 43.000 171.300
23 Tirunelveli 32.890 179.500
24 Tiruvannamalai 39.100 172.000
25 Tuticorin 37.000 205.650
26 Vellore 52.770 211.260
27 Villupuram 54.100 282.940
28 Virudhunagar 25.200 102.800
29 Krisnagiri 28.802 158.72
Total 1031.389* 4729.831
STEPS TAKEN BY TN
GOVERNMENT ‐ USING
y DRDA – TAMIL NADU
y SELF HELP GROUP FROM DIFFERENT DISTRICTS

FOR COLLECTING AND SHREDDING WASTE
PLASTICS FOR ROAD LAYING
Tamil Nadu Government –
1. Through Environment Protection Fund - sanctioned Rs 80

lakhs for establishment of collection and processing centre for
waste plastics.
Tamil Nadu Government is also

1. Sanctioning funds for relaying of black topped roads using
waste plastic. So far under Environment Protection Fund –
2. In the year 2011-12 Rs 9 crore , 2012-13- Rs 20 Crore and in
year 2013-14- Rs 8.5 crore was taken up for renewal of BT
roads.
3. Apart from these in other schemes also BT roads were laid
using plastic waste.
- Ref DRDA- TN
Collection and Processing Centers for Plastic Waste
Name of the District Name of the Block
Kancheepuram Kancheepuram
Vellore Anaikattu
Trichy Thottiyam
Thanjavur Thanjavur
Tiruvallur Poonammallee
Tirunelveli Palayamkottai
Tiruppur Tiruppur
Madurai Madurai west
Salem Panamarathupatti
Ramanathapuram Ramanathapuram
Collection and Processing Centers for Plastic Waste
Name of the District Name of the Block

Kancheepuram Madurantagam
Vellore Natrampalli
Trichy Anthanallur
Perambalur Perambalur
Dindigul Aathur
Tiruppur Kanagambalayam
Erode Erode
Sivagangai Sakkottai
Nagapattinam Mayiladuthurai
Villupuram Vikkiravandi
Performance Studies on Plastic Tar Road
Parameters tested
1. Binder content Determination,
2. Benkelman Beam test,
3. Roughness measurement,
4. Skid resistance,
5. Pavement condition survey,
6. Sand Texture Depth
Sand Texture Depth test‐ To Measure the Smoothness of the road Surface
MERLIN Test – To Measure the Unevenness of the Road Surface
Field Density Measurement using Sand Pouring Cylinder
Benkelman Beam test – To measure the rebound deflection of the road
Skid Resistance Test‐ To Measure the Skid Resistance of the Road
Year laid Texture Rebound
Road Unevenness Skid
Depth
Field
Deflection
(mm/km) number Density
(mm) (mm)
Jambulingam 2700 41 0.63 2.55 0.85

2002
Street
Veerabadhra 3785 45 0.70 2.62 0.60
2003
Street Erode
Vandiyur road, 3005 41 0.66 2.75 0.84
2004
Madurai
Vilachery 3891 45 0.50 2.89 0.86
Road, Madurai 2005
Canteen Road, 3100 45 0.65 2.86 0.86

2006
TCE
Plain Bitumen 5200 76 0.83 2.33 1.55
2002
Road
Tolerance 4000 <65 .6-.8 2.86 0.5-1
------
Value
Performance Comparative Study
Test Bitumen Road Plastic tar Road Reasoning – plastic tar

road
Skid Resistance More than the expected Within the limit Not very smooth –
<65 value supported by texture
76 45 value
Sand Texture More depth Less depth Due to bonding- in

.6-.8 0.83 >0.6 permissable limit
Roughness More bumps Less Bump Better binding- less

4000 5200 >4000 rutting and ravelling
Benkelman beam Rebound slightly High Rebound Less Supported by bonding-

0.5-1 1.55 0.5-1 base surface defect is
taken care of by the
plastic tar road
Density Moderate Moderate Value Better binding

2.86 2.88 2.55
• No Pot Hole
• No Cracking
• No Rutting
LAID YEAR 2002 PHOTO DATE Jan 2008
• No raveling
JUMBULINGAM STREET
• No Pot Hole
• No Cracking
• No Rutting
LAID YEAR 2003 PHOTO DATE Jan 2008 • No raveling
ERODE ROAD
• No Pot Hole
• No Cracking
LAID YEAR 2004 PHOTO DATE Jan 2008 • No Rutting
• No raveling
VANDIYOOR ROAD
• No Pot Hole
• No Cracking
LAID YEAR 2005 PHOTO DATE Jan 2008 • No Rutting
VILACHERY ROAD • No raveling
• No Pot Hole
• No Cracking
• No Rutting
LAID YEAR 2006 PHOTO DATE Jan 2008
• No raveling
CANTEEN ROAD
*Himachal Pradesh‐ Green Roads: A Powerful Asian Trend‐
Reuse of road Scrap
y Investigation were carried to find the possibility of using
recycled asphalt concrete (scrap)
y The recycled asphalt concrete were collected from 1.
National High ways 7, 2. Plastic Tar road at TCE and 3.
National Highways Tirumangalam
Marshall Stability Values for Road Scrap with coating of
plastics
S. NO %of Plastics Bitumen % MSV FV Voids in
%
1 0 0.5 1500 5 58
2. 10 0.5 2200 4 55
3. 15 0.5 2300 5 53
4 10 0 2000 5 55
5 15 0 2200 4.5 52
SAVINGS USING ROAD SCRAP
y BITUMEN – 50% SAVED
y AGGREGATE – 50% SAVED
y COST – 50% SAVED
BENEFITS OF REUSING
ROAD SCRAP
y BITUMEN – 50% SAVED
y AGGREGATE – 50% SAVED
y COST – 50% SAVED
y DISPOSAL OF SCRAP IN AN ECOFRIENDLY WAY
y USE OF SCRAP FOR LAYING RURAL ROADS
y BETTER TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES FOR
RURAL AREAS
y LIFE OF THE ROAD IS ALSO INCREASED
RECOGNITION
Promotional efforts
1000 kms of road – as ordered by
Honourable Chief Minister of Tamil
Nadu.
Training programme for Engineers,
Self Help Groups.
A Model Road at Pondicherry -

Honourable Chief Minister of
Pondicherry.
Chennai Corporation has laid 12 roads.
Model plastics tar roads at 20

Majors Cities in TN.
Plastics – Tar Road at Thiagarajar

College of Engineering,
CPCB Delhi has signed MoU with

Thiagarajar College of Engineering,
Pamphlet released by TN Madurai on Plastics road.
Govt.
policy note by TN Highways on laying
Plastics – Tar Road.
BEST PAPER AWARD – AN INTETNATIONAL CONFERENCE‐ BERLIN
Vision
Become
(path)Way
of Life
Vision
Appreciation
VISION IMPLEMENTATION at
SHIMLA
Gazette Publication
TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT RECENT ORDER ISSUED ON CONSTRUCTION
OF PLASTIC ROAD
Invited Lecture at Widener University –
Philadelphia ‐ USA
VISIT OF EXPERT COMMITTEE FROM DST TO OUR COLLEGE
Seminar at Kolkata with the collection of plastic waste from children
Road Laying at Nagercoil ‐ Kulithurai
Workshop at Madurai – with Iyer‐
Road Laying at Trisool Chennai with Santha Sheela Nair and DRDA
Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13director
Road Laid at Jambulingam Street Chennai
Road Laid at Kombadi Madurai
PRESS REPORTS
Laid 2005
Photo‐ 2010
Other Products of Polymer coated material
• Block from polymer coated aggregate
Materials for Block Making
Percentage of Bending Compression
Type of Material Plastics Strength Strength
Ceramic Waste 25 300 240
Granite Waste 25 350 300
Vitreous Tiles 25 250 200
Use of fillers:
1. Polyethylene terepthalate bottles can not be used as binder as their
softening temperature is high.
2. It is possible to use not less than 5% of the weight of the aggregate. This
amounts to use of nearly 10 bottles per block of size 1X1.
3. The laminated sheets used for surf and other companies can be also
used for block making.
Percentage Percentage Compression Binding

of Plastics of PET strength
20 Nil 250 325
20 5 270 340
Application of Plastone Blocks
S. No Products Specialty
1. Path Way Blocks
2. Paver Blocks
No Sand
3. Water Cannel Linings No Water
4. Compound Walls No Bitumen
5. Lawns Floors No Cement
No Adhesives
6. Bricks as load bearers
7. Brick for Shock Resisting Walls Use of Waste Plastics
and Low graded
8. Rail Sleepers
Stones
9. Portable Speed Breakers
10. Surface Modified Decorative blocks
(Rubber, Polymer)
Consumption of plastics
Waste plastics
Length Width Height
needed
1000m 2m 2.5 cm 50 ton
15 cm 15 cm 2.5cm 0.3Kg
Large quantity of waste plastics is needed for block making.
For Reference: Path Way Blocks of 1m both sides in NH roads
Only
S. No Length Of Amount of Total Annual Waste
NH Roads Plastic Amount of Plastic Waste to be
Required Plastics Generated‐ generat
For One Required ref CPCB ed
Km
1 60000 Kms 50 tons 3000000 300000 tons 2700000
tons only tons
Dr. R. Vasudevan 07‐12‐13 only
POTABLE SPEED BREAKER
One LAKH CARRY BAGS DISSAPPEARS IN 10M2 AREA
10m
1m
SPEED BREAKER
Needs 20 blocks 3.75m
PLASTIC TAR
ROAD
PATH WAY
BLOCKS
Road Area: Bitumen‐ 100kg, Plastics – 10kg
Block: Plastic‐90kg
Speed Breaker: Plastics‐ 6.25kg
Roofing sheets from polymer coated
card board
A pot hole filled using cold mix process
FACILITIES AVAILBLE
S. No Name of The Lab Name of the Instrument Nature of Work
1. Material Testing Analytical Methods 1. Water Analysis

Laboratory 2. Material Analysis(all Types
includes Cement, concrete,
mortar
2. Polymer Lab 1. TGA All types of thermal analysis using

2. DSC TGA and DSC and Elemental
3. FTIR analysis using FTIR method
(Liquid, solid, gas)
3. Road Research Lab 1. Bitumen Extractor 1. All tests for bitumen
(the only lab with all 2. Penetration Point characterization and all tests
road testing 3. Ductility for the road performance
instruments) 4. Softening point studies
5. Marshall stability value 2. Road job mix formula design
6. Benkelman Beam 3. Consultancy for plain and
7. Skid Resistance plastic tar road construction
8. MERLIN
9. Bump Integrator
10. Density Measurements
11. Texture Depth Measurements
12. TFOT
13. Viscosity
14. Ageing
15. Flash and Fire Point
16. Dr. R. Vasudevan
Cloud and Pour point
07‐12‐13
17. Separation point
AWARENESS LECTURES DELIVERED
y Lectures regarding the waste plastics management
is delivered all over India organized by
1. Pollution control board
2. DRDA
3. ICPE
4. IPI
5. Various Colleges and Schools
6. Private Sectors
AWARNESS PROGRAM
1. Lectures with Demonstration to various schools
2. Sri Sunderswara Vidya Sal Matriculation School

students collected the waste plastics and laid road,
NEED OF THE HOUR
y Collections at source by the corporation using double bin
system
y Coordinating with schools and making the students to
bring the plastic waste‐ Madurai Model
y Hotel, Community hall and other public meeting places‐
giving special instruction to collect separately
y Market and business places‐ awareness camp
y Easy availability of Plastic waste shredders
y Use of Self Help Group for collection
Above All‐
y Coding by Indian Road Congress
PUBLICATIONS
y A technique to dispose waste plastics in an eco friendly way- Application in

constrcution of flexible pavements-in Construction materials Journal of
Elsevier- R. Vasudevan, , A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar and B. Sundarakannan
y Paper titled “Waste plastics management – a green technology; has been awarded
the best paper award, in a national level seminar, Waste management: Experience
and Strategies, A national symposium conducted by Kerala Agricultural University;
Sponsored by Department of Science and Technology. Author: R. Vasudevan, , A.
Ramalinga Chandra Sekar and B. Sundarakannan
y Utilization of waste plastics for flexible pavement and easy disposal of waste
plastics; R. Vasudevan, , A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar and B. Sundarakannan-
IJPRT. January 2010; vol-3/Num-1
OUR MOTTO
SEARCH ≈ RESEARCH
“ an equation for me has no meaning unless

it represents the thought of GOD”
-Ramanujam
Methodology Un told
“sincerity in the work with the faith in GOD takes

you beyond limitations”
Srimad Bhagavad Gita
Message of Importance
Nature provides everything for man’s Need but not for the
Greed
M.K. Gandhi
“ Dr. R. Vasudevan
Life - search 07‐12‐13 for one’s Goal”
RESEARCH
y Higher knowledge y Appropriate research
(Edison, Marconi, Wright Brothers, Graham Bell,
Newton)
y Improve depth in
understanding y Bio friendly/Biomimicry
y Position and pride y Socially relevant and
Environmentally helpful
y Recognition and satisfaction
Biomimicry is the examination of nature, its models, systems, processes,
and elements to emulate or take inspiration from in order to solve human
problems
CURRENT TRENDS
GREEN CHEMISTRY APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
LESS HAZARDOUS MORE USEFUL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUE TECHNOLOGY
Scientists Engineers
Acknowledgement:
1. We thank Management, Staff and Principal of
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai
2. We Thank Department of Science and Technology for
their financial support for the project under the green
chemistry scheme
3.We thank Central Pollution control Board
4.We thank Indian Centre for Plastics and Environment
5. We thank NRRDA- for publishing guidelines
6. We thank CRRI and IRC for their continuous support
7. We thank Govt. of India and Govt. of Tamil Nadu
Our Team
Protection
better road and
pollution
prevention Vishnu
REUSE
Brahma Siva
Creation of Blend 1. DR.R. VASUDEVAN Destruction of
2. A.RAMALINGA CHANDRA SEKAR Polymer Material
3. B. SUNDARAKANNAN
4. R. VELKENNEDY
CONTACT DETAILS
Dr. R. VASUDEVAN
DEAN ECA & PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MADURAI – 625015
TAMIL NADU
INDIA
MOB: +91‐9486486728
EMAIL: deaneca@tce.edu
TCE where
Quality and Ethics
Matter

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Utilization of Waste Plastics in Rural Roads

We sincerely thank you for all your support.

Thanks & Regards,

Gaurav Anand, Sr. Manager

Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company, A Tata Enterprise

Specialties • Better Road

Plastic Tar Road -A New Path way

Chennai 5.90 0.70 - 7.07 3 16.3 56.24 13.74

Mumbai 3.20 0.13 0.52 3.26 - 15.4 59.37 18.07

• Plastic Common man’s Friend

Plastic Tourist Nature of

Cup Yes Yes No Yes Yes Poly ethylene

Oil Packing Nylon Oil Packing

Sleeves PE Foams Apples

Broad Molecular 10 Micron Strong Good in Low

•In India 330 Millions- Depending on Plastic Bags

• Films: Mono, three layers, five layers, seven

yLight Weight & Non-Breakability Aluminum 74.1

yExcellent Barrier Properties - Enhancing Shelf-life Steel 13.9

All These… at Lesser Cost

Energy consumption in GJ for

Energy saving – 81%

Source: LCA Study by IIT (Delhi)

* High potential for Global Warming

**Values are for Packaging of One Lac MT of Atta

y Increase shelf-life of contents

y Essential for packaging / carrying

of confectionery, bakery products

y Essential for packaging / carrying

hygroscopic products like sugar / salt / jaggary

products – no other appropriate alternatives

y Essential to carry commodities during rainy season

y Add convenience to day-to-day life

y 150,000 plastic bags of

y Paper bags of same size & number

Global 180 Million Tonnes – 28 Kg Per capita

Indian 6.5 Million Tonnes 6.5 Kg Per capita

Plastics are indispensable

• Water flow seepage affected

•Soil microbe activity reduced

y Burning or ≈ 700‐1100º C Toxic gases like

• Air Pollution (dust, etc.,)

PE, PP, PS CO, CO2 but no Cl2

PVC CO, CO2 and Cl2 and HCl

C + O2 + Cl2 +Cu II Catalyst Dioxin

PE - (-CH2- CH2-)n PP - (-CH2- CH(CH3)-)n

PS - (-CH2- CH(C 6H507‐12‐13

PP 140 - 160 No gas 271-329 C2H6 >700 CO,CO2

PS 110-140 No gas 300-350 C6H6 >700 CO,CO2

PE Foam 120-125 No gas 309-385 CH4 >700 CO,CO2

Tea Cup 130-150 No Gas 313-420 C2H-6 >700 CO,CO2

Water bottle PET 210 170-180

Aggregate Waste plastics

COMPRESSION STRENGTH COMPRESSION STRENGTH

Porosity 2% ‐ Tolerance

Moisture Absorption 2% ‐ Tolerance

- - 0.56 0.57 0.55 0.56

0.5 2.50 0.44 0.40 0.42 0.42

0.75 3.75 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.29

1.0 5.00 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.22

% of Moisture Soundne Voids Aggrega Los Aggrega

Plain Bitumen 24hrs 5%

Polymer coated 72hrs Nil