3.8.1.6 Effective height of a column 3.8.1.6.1 General, The effective height, , of a column in 3 aiven plane may be obtained from the following equation: Bly equation 30 Values of are given in tables 3.21 and 3,22 for braced and Lnbraced columns respectively as a function of the end conditions of the column. Formulae that may be used to ‘obtain a more rigorous assessment of the effective length, it desired, are given in 2.5 of BS 8110 : Part 2 : 1985. It should be noted that the effective height of a column in the two plan directions may be different, In tables 3.21 and 3,22 the end conditions are defined in terms of a scale from 1 to 4. Increase in this scale corres: ponds to a decrease in end fixity. An appropriate value can be assessed from 3.8.1.6. 3.8.1.6.2 End conditions. The four end conditions are as follows (a) Condition 1. The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams on either side which are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the column in the plane considered, Where the column is connected to a foundation structure, this should be of a form specifically designed to carry moment. (b} Condition 2. The end of the column is connected ‘monolithically to beams or slabs on either side which ave shallower than the overall dimension of the column in the plane considered (c) Conaition 3. The end of the column is connected to members which, while not specifically designed to provide restraint to rotation of the column will, never- theless, provide some nominal restraint. (4) Condition 4. The end of the column is unrestrained against both lateral movement and rotation (e.g. the free end of a cantilever column in an unbraced structure) Table 3.21 Values of f for braced columns [na condition | End condition 9 bottom | eee ase > [a [07s [oe | 090 2 080 |oas | 0.95 3 090 095 | 1.00 ‘Table 3.22 Values of f for unbraced columns End condition at bo 7 2 3 i 12 [139 [16 | 2 13 [15 [18 | 3 16 jie |- | 4 22 |e ale BS 8110: Part 1 : 1985, Section three Issue 2, May 1989 3.8.1.7 Slendernest limits for columns, Generally, the clea distance, fg, between end restraints should not exceed sixty times the minimum thickness of a column. 3.8.1.8 Slenderness of unbraced columns. It, in any given plane, one end of an unbraced column is unrestrained (e.g. a cantilever columa), its clear height, /,, should not exceed 1008? gn OE < 600 equation 31 NOTE. In equation 31 and. are respectively the loge and smaller dimensions of the column. “The considerations of deflection (see 3.8.5) may introduce further limitations, 3.8.2 Moments and forces in columns 41 Columns in monolithic frames designed to resist lateral forces, In such cases the moments, shear forces and axial forces should be determined in accordance with 3.2.1.3, (see also 3.8.2.2). 3.8.2.2 Additional moments induced by deflection 3¢ In slender columns additional moments induced by detiec tion at ULS should alto be considered. An allowance for them is made in the design requirements for slender ‘columns (see 3.8.3). The bases or other members connectes to the ends of such columns should also be designed to resist these additional moments at ULS if the average value of /s/h forall columns at a particular level is greater than 20, Subclause 3.8.3.9 gives guidance in the design for these moments 3.8.2.3 Columns in columa-end-beam construction, oF in ‘monolithie braced structural frames. The axial force in & column may be calculated on the assumption that beams {and slabs transmitting foree into it are simply supportes: ‘When a column is axialy loaded or the axial force dominates, as in the case of columns supporting symmet cal arrangements of beams, only the design ultimate axa! force need be considered in design apart from a nominal allowance for eccentricity, equal to that recommends in 3.8.2.4, 3.8.2.4 Minimum eccentricity. At no section in a column should the design moment be taken as less than that produced by considering the design ultimate axial {ood os acting at a minimum eccentricity, €min. equal to 0.05 times the overall dimension of the column in the plane of bending considered but not more than 20 mm, Where biaxial bending is considered, itis only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum about one axis at atime, 3.8.3 Deflection induced moments in solid slender columns 3.8.3.1 Design, In general, @ cross section may be designe by the methods given for a short column (see 3.8.4) but in ‘he design, account has to be taken of the additions) moment induced in the column by its deflection.Ta se ee ee ee ‘ mo] 97 | ’ 0387 it yoo | ~ $20 | 96 106 || 135 120 | 90 | 9s 136. | 17% =| 14800 | 90 | 9.2 164 209 | 16900 | 1350 9.0. 1.06 aps | 18300. | fama 17 ate |, | 168. 27 8 vezi || -F [> 31600." | 2100 236 —_ || Sor I 0 in | |800 900 1200 1400 1 noo | » 710 | 8400 | 840 | “27200 | "6360 "152600 | 160 175600 | 8780 468800 | 15630 | 546500 | 18220 1408000 | 35200 2617500 | 52350zn}«HORS pareooan Jo HGS 2m HAN satay :m/84 9°) “Rem ea/By gt'd Heay ve s T2948 (Parlteated Gove Jo 1y8ton ax, ‘si20qYs porwooun Joy axe s>yqe) 24 ceert sI6traa PuRSeC EG SL, Pf,j i ee ee ee ee ee ee ee‘aoumus vonsayjap uO poreg 1 Z AOE VOUS YpRUSNE GO Pome S| ACY “ALON 1€0 [evo [60 [cco [cou [irl Joe [ose [uty ]io9 re ost |set |sez [zoe [ut |109 zo Jett joo 290 }1c0 | 80 Joon | izt Jeri jest love |see |cey 20 | 960 Jor #0 |€90 | €v'0 [evo | got lier [sot jore zo | sz0 | 9¢0 |9¥0 | 270 90 | ¥50| €90 | SL0| 160 ero} oro | 80 | 150 jor | ot sro | to | £90 | 920 | F60 | BI $0 | 1¢0 | tro | 96° | oO zo | 050 | 190 | sto | S60. izo | 90. | 6ro | 60 bro | 50 | 970 | e8'0 1rd |2v0 | O70 90 |9s0 | 0 OF | ste] Oe | Sez] OF oT WTLaN ONT NVG Sy Va NI ALIOVAVS ONIAWAVS: GVO WatOdit{ a4 | he i LO - s 5 ee i wy ab | g oa 24 of eit tee | $y fore ee auguoprnus wonsayp UO poreg st Z ACT ‘oops quant vo Paseq st MoH “LONips vonsopp vo foeeg # t ACw we pag | meH SBHON ‘ous yetuasrnwounps sonsoy7n 9 parea 6 ZT peas ayauans ug posta stg mCH ALON ayo WAOsINN ‘va NI Auipyavo ONIAWHVO= -ego att ie A a 600z9E SF mmm ee ee ee eee oe i aieuot 10, mune warn parte nia AS nat ie ee t $64 (60: saat wes iy Pump sou fs i PyOCOBee “N80?1 ert ene a em wu | BOL ZOOESE ay LZse ae ee eee ele eee ie eels ig ‘ ij x » Ww sdiyoy> ss0)6 araidssosa' rc Puag MPLPuHON 10h uoliaes ©zu ‘Sueds op “SE “OE ‘SZ ‘02 204 SueIOp [eIGAL ub sueds S24 ‘Si “S'ZL “Ot 20y SueReP 1eDIGAL oO ov tee ee ee $2 San Me es “ sz 8 oz ‘S20 a s1'szt s1U81U05 ; Worst a-VEVEY magy-sex 10 Us OVD BRRERIONI ¥ IOERRKOD OHI widomma 0) suaty aos « € PA g— 5, spin, ¢ eee ee oe oe oe oe oe oe oe + 0} (wi) sueds—sessnay jooy ‘wou sueds unm Sassnn Joos 104 suBIsep ,epew-Apeas, yo eBuese sepyaoid , sessnul JOok PEPUEIS SHE. cays uopue payyidus s! uoneougeS 70.8589 pur ayBiom yes