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Tipstoremember 110410100836 Phpapp02
Tipstoremember 110410100836 Phpapp02
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Asthma:
Management of acute severe:‖O SHIT‖:
Oxygen (high dose :> 60%)
Salbutamol (5mg via oxygen driven nebulizer)
Hydrocortisone (or prednisolone)
Ipratropium bromide (if life threatening)
Theophylline (or preferably aminophylline – if life
threating)
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Broncho pulmonary segments of right lung
"A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm":
• In order from superior to inferior:
1. Apical
2. Posterior
3. Anterior
4. Lateral
5. Medial
6. Superior
7. Medial basal
8. Anterior basal
9. Lateral basal
10. Posterior basal
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WBC Count: "Never Let Mom Eat Beans" and "60, 30, 6, 3, 1"
Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%
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BRANCHES OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY ARE 5.
―VIT. C & D (Read as Vitamin C & D)‖
V = Vertebral artery
I = Internal Thoracic artery
T = Thyrocervical Trunk
C = Costocervical trunk (from first branch of left
subclavian artery but arises from 2 branch of right side)
D= Dorsal scapular artery (branch of third part)
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8 carpal bones
Starting from the thumb,
―Sneh Lata Tinde Paka Tere Tinde kaCche Hain‖
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium,
Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
TARSAL BONES
―Tarzon Call Can Navi LIM 3C‖
1. Talus
2. Calcaneus
3. Cuboid
4. Navicular
5. Lateral Cuneiform
6. Intermediate Cuneiform
7. Medial Cuneiform
T-tryptophan
I-Isoleucine
M-methionine
H-histidine
A - arginine
L-lysine
L-leucine
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AUDITORY PATHWAY :- ―ECOLI MT‖
E-8TH NERVE
C-COCHLEAR NUCLEI
O-SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS
L-LATERAL LAMINISCUS
I-INFERIOR COLLICULUS
M-MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY
T-SUP TEMPORAL GYRUS
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followed by shoulder rotation and delivery of the fetal
body!
1. Every - Engagement
2. Damn - Descent
3. Female - Flexion
4. I -Internal Rotation
5. Eat - Extension
6. Returns- Restitution
7. Eagerly- External Rotation
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Lower Leg Bones
Can't tell your tib from your fib?
The TIBia is the Thick, Inner Bone.
The FibuLa is Finer, Fluted, and Lateral
Anal canal
Hilum of kidney — Transpyloric plane (LI).
Kidney:
Length: 11 cm,
Breadth: 6 cm,
Antero-posterior diameter: 3 cm
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Length of Ureter: 25 cm
Length of male urethra: 18--20 cm
Spermatic cord: 9--10 cm
Length of inguinal canal: 4 cm
Testis:
Length -- 4.5 cm,
Breadth-- 2.5cm,
Antero posterior diameter -- 3 cm
Ovary:
Length -3 cm,
Width-1.5 cm,
Thickness-1 cm
Uterus:
Length-7.5 cm,
Breadth-5 cm,
Antero-posterior diameter-2.5 cm
Weight :30 to 40 gms
Uterine tubes: Length-10 cm
Saphenous opening — Height 1.5 to 8 cm; Width 1 to 3 cm
Femoral sheath — Length 3 to 4 cm.
Femoral canal — Length 1.25 cm.
Tendo calcaneus — Length 15 cm.
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Muscle Physiology
•Muscle form 40 to 50% of body mass.
•About 600 muscles are identified.
Classification of Muscles:
•Depending on striations: Striated(Skeletal & Cardiac) &
Non striated(smooth)
•Depending on Control: voluntary(Skeletal) &
Involuntary(Cardiac & smooth)
•Depending on situation: Skeletal, Cardiac & Smooth.
•Muscle fiber or cell has a length b/w 1 – 4cm (Average
3cm) & diameter from 10 – 100microns.
•1 myofibril contains 1500 myosin filaments & 3000 actin
filaments
•Sarcomere is the structural & functional unit of
skeletal muscle.
Length – 2.5 to 3.2 mm.
Sarcomere lies b/w two ‗Z‘ lines
•Each myofibril consists of alternate light (I or J band) &
dark band (A or Q band).
•Each sarcomere consist of thin (Actin) & thick (myosin)
filaments.
Myosin filament is present throughout the ‗A‘ band.
No movement of myosin during muscular contraction.
•Actin filaments are formed by 3 types of proteins called
actin, tropomyosin & troponin.
•The skeletal muscle is formed by 75% of water, 20% of
proteins & 5%of organic substances.
•Troponin: is formed by 3 subunits; Troponin I – attached
to F actin; Troponin T – attached to tropomyosin;
Troponin C – attached to calcium ions.
•Following are the muscle proteins: Myosin; Actin;
Tropomyosin; Troponin; Actinin; Titin; Desmin; Myogen &
Myoglobulin.
•There is no movement in the myosin filament during muscle
contraction.
•Actin filaments slide over the myosin filament during
muscle contraction.
•Tropomyosin covers the active sites of actin.
•Rheobase: this is the least possible, i.e. (minimum) strength
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(Voltage) of stimulus which can excite the tissue.
•Chronaxie: it is the minimum time, at which a stimulus with
double the rheobasic strength (voltage) can excite the
tissue.
Chronaxie of skeletal muscle is shorter than that of
cardiac and smooth muscles.
Cold lengthens chronaxie. whereas vagal stimulation
shortens chronaxie.
•Refractory period is the period at which the muscle does
not show any response to a stimulus.
•Skeletal muscles are purely aerobic & don‘t have any fuel
reserve.
•Dark, light bands & troponin are absent in smooth muscle.
•The study of electrical activity of the muscle is done by
electromyography.
•The muscle ruptures when it is stretched to about 3 times
its equilibrium length.
Constrictions in oesophagus :
· at commencement 15 cm from incisor teeth.
· at crossing over by aortic arch 22.5 cm from incisor teeth.
· at crossing over by left principal bronchus 27.5 cm from
incisor teeth.
· at its point of piercing diaphragm 40 cm from incisor teeth.
Stomach:
· Cardiac orifice — Behind left 7th costal cartilage 1" from
its junction with sternum.
· Pyloric orifice — 1.2 cm (0.5") to the right of midline on
transpyloric plane.
· Capacity — at birth 30 ml; adult‘s 1500 ml.
. Length of small intestine: 6 to7 meters.
. Length of duodenum: ―10‖ or ―25‖ cm
1st part: 5 cm
2nd part: 7.5 cm
3rd part: 10 cm
4th part: 2.5 cm
.Length of large gut: 1.5 meters
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