LOGICAL REASONING

VS.
CRITICAL THINKING
Logic is one of the main pillars
of critical thinking. And there’s
no question that critical thinking
would be impossible without
some understanding of logical
reasoning. However, there are
many other skills involved in
critical thinking, such as:
 *Empathy, or the ability to imagine what someone
else is feeling or experiencing. This is a crucial skill
for critical thinking, since it allows you to broaden
your perspective and reflect on your actions and
beliefs.
*Analogy, or noticing similarities and thinking them
through. Analogies allow us to draw conclusions
about, for example, the similarity between our own
time and some moment in history, and thus try to
make better decisions in the future. This skill is
closely related to inductive logic.
Creativity. Critical thinking is all about innovative
problem-solving and coming up with new ideas,
so it’s heavily dependent on creativity. Just like a
creative art, critical thinking depends on
assembling old parts in new ways, working
inventively within constraints, and matching
moments of inspiration with hours of rigorous
craft.
 LOGICAL
REASONING IN
POPULAR CULTURE
 “VULCANIANS DO NOT SPECULATE.
I SPEAK FROM PURE LOGIC”
(SPOCK,STAR,TREK)

EXAMPLE 1:

WHO IS MR. SPOCK?

*Logic and the emotions are at odds
with each other (the head pulling
one way and the heart pulling in
another).
*Uncontrolled emotion certainly
clouds logical reasoning — it’s
difficult to think rationally if you’re in
a rage
EXAMPLE 2:

SHERLOCK HOLMES
*“The Art of
Deduction” – his
method for solving
crime.
*Sherlock’s inferences are inductive
rather than deductive.
MODULE 2:

INTRODUCTION
Socrates was an
ancient Greek
philosopher, one of the
three greatest figures of
the ancient period of
Western philosophy (the
others were Plato and
Aristotle), who lived in
Athens in the 5th
century BCE.
Philosopher Plato was a
student of Socrates and a
teacher of Aristotle. His
writings explored justice,
beauty and equality, and
also contained discussions
in aesthetics, political
philosophy, theology,
cosmology, epistemology
and the philosophy of
language.
*Beginning with Socrates and Plato, philosophers have
been concerned with the question of the nature of the
good life and how one should attain it. It was the
characteristic Greek view that an individual could reach
this ultimate goal only as part of a larger social entity—the
polis —of which he was an integral part.

*Plato argued in The Republic, it pays to be moral because

an individual can be happy in life, and thus attain the
ultimate state of well-being, only if the individual has the
property of justice. This view was characteristically Greek,
and widely shared among Greek thinkers.
*In the thirteenth century, Thomas Aquinas appropriated
the ethical views of Aristotle and wed them with the
natural law tradition of the Stoics to argue that being
ethical was built into human nature, where being ethical
meant obeying the laws of God.
THANK YOU!! :>