Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Urethane Terms NEW PDF
Urethane Terms NEW PDF
Urethane Terms NEW PDF
2 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
Hydroxyl number (OH)*. The number of milliweights of Number Average Molecular Weight ( M n)
KOH which is chemically equivalent to the active functions [15] M n; given Wi, ni (general form)
per unit weight of the compound or polymer [30]. When [16] M n; given Mi, ni (usual given form)
free acidity is measured in these units it is usually called
[17] M n; given E, f
acid number.
[18] M n; given OH, f
Acid number (A). See hydroxyl number, above.
Number Average Molecular Weight of 2-Component
Degree of polymerization. Equals the number of mono- Mixture ( M nm)
meric units chemically combined to form a polymer chain [19] M nm; given nj, nk, Mj, Mk (general form)
or molecule
[20] M nm; given M nj, M nk, a (1 - a)
Functionality (f). The number of chemically active atoms [21] M nm; given OHj, OHk, fj, fk, a (1 - a)
or groups (e.g., -H, -OH, -NCO) per molecule for the
considered reaction [27]. This is used as an average value Number Average Molecular Weight Per Cross-link
for polymers. ( M nc)
*The molecular weight of KOH is 56.1. Since hydroxyl number (OH) is [22] M nc; given Eg, Wg, Wv, D, Md
expressed in milliweights per unit weight, we must multiply 56.1 by 1000 to
convert to OH, and the factor 56,100 appears in the calculations. OH is a Number Average Molecular Weight of Polyol or
dimensionless unit; it can be expressed in any weight system without altering Polyester Component of a Prepolymer ( M np)
its numerical value.
[23] M np; given Es, Md, D
INDEX TO FORMULAS Weight Average Molecular Weight ( M w)
Weight Equivalent (E) [24] M w; given Mi, Wi (general form)
[1] E; given M n, f [25] M w; given Mi, ni (usual given form)
[2] E; given OH
Weight Average Molecular Weight of a 2-
Weight of Amine Required for Blending with Polyol (Wa) Component System ( M wm)
[3] Wa; given Ea, Ep, Wp, R1 [26] M wm; given M wj, M wk, a (1 - a)
Weight of Isocyanate Required for Blending with
Functionality (f)
Various Components (Ws)
[4] Ws; given Ep, Es, Wp, R2 (for polyols) [27] f; given E, M n
[5] Ws; given Ea, Es, Wa, R3 (for amines) Functionality of a Mixture (fm)
[6] Ws; given Ea, Ep, Es, Wa, Wp, R4 (for amine- [28] fm; given M nm, OHm
polyol blends)
[29] fm; given fj, fk, OHj, OHk, a (1 - a)
[7] Ws; given Ep, Es, Wp, R1, R4 (for amine-polyol
blends) Hydroxyl Number of a Mixture (OHm)
[8] Ws; given Eq, Es, Wq (for water)
[9] Ws; given Es, Wp, OHp, R2 [30] OHm; given OHj, OHk, a (1 - a)
[10] Ws; given Ea, Es, Wa, Wp, OHp, R4 Weight of Components (a)
[11] Ws; given Eq, Es, Wp, OHp, Ap, Q
[31] a; given M nj, M nk, M nm
[12] Ws; given Ep, Es, Wp, Md, D
[32] a; given fi, fk, M nm, OHj, OHk
[13] Ws; given Ea, Ep, Es, Wb, a (1 - a), R4
[33] a; given M wj, M wk, M wm
Weight of Reactive or Curative Agent Needed (Wg)
[14] Wg; given Eg, Wv, Md, M nc, D
3 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
[3] Wa =
Ea Wp R 1 [12] Ws =
Ep
[
Es Wp 100(42) + D Ep
100(42) - D Es
]
Ep
Weight of Isocyanate Required at Various Reacting Given: Weight equivalents (Ea, Ep), weight (Wb), ratio
Ratios or for Blending With Various Components (R4), fractional weight of polyol in blend (a)
and fractional weight of amine in blend (1-a).
Given: Weight equivalents (Ep, Eq, Es), weights (Wa,
Wp) and ratios (R2, R3, R4). [13] Ws = Es Wb R 4 [a (1 − a )
Ep
+
Ea
]
Es Wp R 2
[4] Ws = (For polyols)
Ep Weight of a Reactive or Curative Agent Needed to give
Es Wa R 3 a cross-linked product from a linear isocyanate
[5] Ws = (For amines)
Ea prepolymer, with a predetermined molecular weight per
[6] Ws = (
Es Wp Es Wa
Ep
+
Ea
)R 4 (For polyol-amine cross-link. (See Definition of M nc for significance and
limitations.)
blends. Also see Equation [13] and Appendix)
Given: Weight equivalent (Eg) of reactive or curative
Given: Weight equivalents (Es, Ep), weight (Wp) and agent, weight (Wv), molecular weight of NCO
ratios (R1, R4). radical ( M d = 42), number average molecular
[7] Ws = ( Es Wp
Ep
) (1 + R 1 ) (R 4 ) weight per cross-link ( M nc), and percent free
isocyanates as NCO (D).
Es Wq
[8] Ws =
Eq
(For water)
[14] Wg =
100( 42 )
[
Eg Wv Mnc D − 100( 42 )
Mnc + Eg
]
4 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
To solve Equation [14] for M nc when weight equivalent Given: Weight (Es), molecular weight of NCO radical
(Wg) is given, see Equation [22]. (Md = 42), and percent free isocyanate as NCO
(D).
Number Average Molecular Weight 200( 42 ) − 4 Es D
[23] Mnp =
[15] Mn =
∑i
Wi
(General form)
D
NOTE: Valid only when there are no free (OH) groups,
∑ ni
i
no free isocyanate and most (OH) groups are combined
with one isocyanate.
[16] Mn =
∑nM i
i i
(Usual given form) Weight Average Molecular Weight
∑n i i
∑ i
Wi M i
[24] Mw = (General form)
Given: Weight equivalent (E) and functionality (f )
[17] Mn = E f
∑ Wi
i
5 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
Functionality of a Mixture Es Wa
Given: Number average molecular weight of mixture Ea
( M nm) and hydroxyl number of mixture (OHm). . . . equals the isocyanate equivalent for the amine. It is
Mn m OH m convenient to base the ratio (R4) on the sum of the
[28] f m = isocyanate weight equivalences. We prefer this, but the
1000(56.1)
ratio of isocyanate to polyol, plus the ratio of isocyanate to
Given: Functionality of components (fj, fk), hydroxyl amine, may also be used. Equation [6] then becomes:
numbers of components. Es Wp R 2 Es Wa R 3
OH m f j f k Ws = +
[29] f m = Ep Ea
OH j f k a + OH k f j (1 − a )
Hydroxyl Number of Mixture
Given: Hydroxyl numbers of compounds (OHj, OHk) SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
and fractional weights of each component (a) NOTE: In a number of the following examples MBCA is
and (1 - a). used as the amine. MBCA is a DuPont trademark for 4,4'-
[30] OH m = OH j a + OH k (1 − a ) methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline).
[1]
Weight of Components
Molecular weight of polyol ( M n) . . . . . . . . . . . 1000
Given: Number of average molecular weights of
Functionality of polyol (f ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
components ( M nj, M nk) and number average 1000
molecular weight of mixture ( M nm). E= = 500
2
Mn j Mn k − Mn m
[31] a = (
Mn m Mn k − Mn j
) [2]
Hydroxyl number of polyol (OH) . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1000(56.1)
To solve Equation [31] for number average molecular E= = 967. 2
58
weight of mixture ( M nm) when weight of component (a)
is given, see Equation [20]. [3]
Weight equivalent of amine (Ea) . . . . . . . . . . . 133.5
Given: Number average molecular weight of mixture Weight of polyol (Wp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
( M nm), functionality of components (fj, fh) and Blending ratio, amine:polyol (R1) . . . . . . . . . . . 1
hydroxyl numbers of components (OHj, OHk). Weight equivalent of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . 490
f j 1000(56.1) f k − Mn m
[32] a =
Mn m
[ OH j f k − OH k f j
] Wa =
133.5(100)(1)
490
= 27. 2
[4]
Given: Weight average molecular weights of mixture
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
and components ( M wm, M wj, M wk).
Weight of polyol (Wp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Mw m − Mw k Charging ratio, TDI:polyol (R2) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.08
[33] a =
Mw j − Mw k Weight equivalent of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . 1009
To solve Equation [33] for weight average molecular 87 (100)(1. 08)
Ws = = 9. 3
weight of mixture ( M wm) when component weight (a) is 1009
given, see Equation [26]. [5]
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
APPENDIX Weight of MBCA (Wa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
In Equation [6] Charging ratio, TDI:MBCA (R3) . . . . . . . . . . . 1.04
Es Wp Weight equivalent of MBCA (Ea) . . . . . . . . . . 133.5
Ep 87 (100)(1. 04 )
Ws = = 67. 8
. . . equals the isocyanate equivalent for the charged polyol. 133. 5
Similarly, [6]
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) ............. 87
6 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
[7]
Ws = [
87(100)(110) 87 ( 26. 2 )
1000(56. 1)
+
133. 5
]
1. 05 = 35. 8
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
[11]
Weight of polyol in blend (Wp) ........... 100
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Charging ratio, MBCA:polyol (R1) . . . . . . . . . 0.8
Weight of polyol (Wp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Charging ratio, TDI:MBCA + polyol (R4) . . . . 1.08
Charging ratio, TDI:MBCA + polyol (R4) . . . . 1.05
Weight equivalent of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Hydroxyl number of polyol (OHp) . . . . . . . . . . 110
Acid number of polyol (Ap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
Ws = [ 100510
(87 )
](1 + 0.8)(1. 08) = 33. 2 Blending ratio, MBCA:polyol (R1) . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
Percent of water in polyol (Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.06
[8] Weight equivalent of water (Eq) ........... 9
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight of water (Wq) ...................
87
1.12
Ws = 87(100)(1. 05) [ 1000
110 + 1. 0
+
110(1. 1)
+
0. 06
(56. 1) 1000(56. 1) 100(9)
]= 38. 4
Weight equivalent of water (Eq) ........... 9
87(1. 12) [12]
Ws = = 10. 8 Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
9
Weight of polyol (Wp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
[9] Percent free isocyanate as NCO
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 in prepolymer (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2
Weight of polyol (Wp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Weight equivalent of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Hydroxyl number of polyol (OHp) . . . . . . . . . .
Charging ratio, TDI:polyol (R2) . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
1.05 Ws =
510
[
87 (100) 100( 42 ) + 6. 2 (510)
100( 42 ) − 6. 2 ( 87 )
] = 34. 3
87(100)(74)(1. 05) [13]
Ws = = 12. 0
1000(56. 1) Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Weight of amine-polyol blend (Wb) . . . . . . . . . 100
Charging ratio, TDI:MBCA + polyol (R4) . . . . 1.08
Fractional weight of polyol in blend (a) . . . . . . 0.823
Fractional weight of MBCA in blend (1 - a) . . . 0.177
Weight equivalent of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Weight equivalent of MBCA (Ea) . . . . . . . . . . 133.5
Ws = 87 (100)(1. 08) (
0. 823 0.177
+
510 133. 5
) = 27. 6
[14]
Weight equivalent of reactive agent (Eg)
= weight equivalent of MBCA (Ea) . . . . . . 133.5
Weight of prepolymer (Wv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Molecular weight of cross-link ( M nc) . . . . . . 5000
Percent free isocyanate as NCO
in prepolymer (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2
Wg =
100(42)
[
133. 5(100) 5000(7. 2)−100(42)
5000 + 133. 5
]= 19. 7
7 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
[17] [26]
Weight equivalent of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . 1020 Molecular weight of first component ( M wj) . . 800
Functionality of polyol (f ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Fractional weight of first component (a) . . . . . 0.6
Mn = 1020(3)= 3060 Molecular weight of second component ( M wk) . 1900
Fractional weight of second component (1 - a) . 0.4
[18]
Mw m = 800( 0. 6) + 1900( 0. 4 ) = 1240
Functionality of polyol (f ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Hydroxyl number of polyol (OHp) . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 [27]
1000(56. 1)(3) Molecular weight of polyol ( M n) . . . . . . . . . . . 1000
Mn = = 3016. 1
55. 8 Weight of polyol (Ep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
[21] 1000
f = =2
Functionality of first component (fj) . . . . . . . . . 2 500
Functionality of second component (fk) . . . . . . 2 [28]
Hydroxyl number of first component (OHj) . . . 55.4 Molecular weight of mixture ( M nm) . . . . . . . . 2500
Fractional weight of first component (a) . . . . . 0.7 Hydroxyl number of mixture (OHm) . . . . . . . . 56.5
Hydroxyl number of second component (OHk) . 110 2500(56. 5)
Fractional weight of second component (1 - a) . 0.3 fm = = 2. 52
1000(56. 1)
1000(56. 1)(2)(2)
Mn m = = 1563. 1 [29]
55. 4(2)(0. 7)+110(2)(0. 3)
Hydroxyl number of mixture (OHm) . . . . . . . . . 79
[22] Functionality of first component (fj) . . . . . . . . . 3
Weight equivalent of curative (Eg) Functionality of second component (fk) . . . . . . 2
= weight equivalent of MBCA (Ea) . . . . . . 133.5 Hydroxyl number of first component (OHj) . . . 58
Weight of prepolymer (Wv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Fractional weight of first component (a) . . . . . 0.625
Weight of reactive agent (Wg) Hydroxyl number of second component (OHk) . 114
= weight of MBCA (Wa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Fractional weight of second component (1 - a) . 0.375
Percent free isocyanate as NCO 79(3)(2)
in prepolymer (D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 fm = = 2. 36
58(2)(0. 625) + 114(3)(0. 375)
100 + 11
Mnc = 100(42)(133. 5) = 1992. 9 [30]
100(133. 5)(5. 8)−100(42)(11)
Hydroxyl number of first component (OHj) . . . 55.4
[23] Fractional weight of first component (a) . . . . . 0.645
Weight equivalent of TDI (Es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Hydroxyl number of second component (OHk) . 110
Percent free isocyanate as NCO (D) . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Fractional weight of second component (1 - a) . 0.355
200( 42 ) − 4 (87 )( 3.8) OH m = 55. 4(0. 645) + 110(0. 355) = 74. 8
Mnp = = 1862. 5
3. 8
[31]
Molecular weight of first component ( M nj) . . . 1990
Molecular weight of second component ( M nk) . 1009
Molecular weight of mixture ( M nm) . . . . . . . . . 1500
a= (
1990 1009 − 1500
1500 1009 − 1990
)
= 0. 664
(1 − a ) = 0. 336
8 of 9
Technical
Product
Information
[32] [33]
Functionality of first component (fj) . . . . . . . . . 2 Molecular weight of mixture ( M wm) . . . . . . . . 1800
Functionality of second component (fk) . . . . . . 3 Molecular weight of second component ( M wk) . 2100
Molecular weight of mixture ( M nm) . . . . . . . . . 2500 Molecular weight of first component ( M wj) . . . 920
Hydroxyl number of second component (OHk) . 57.2 1800 − 2100
Hydroxyl number of first component (OHj) . . . 55.4 a= = 0. 254
920 − 2100
a=
2500
[
2 1000(56.1)( 3) − 2500(57. 2 )
55. 4 ( 3) − 57. 2 ( 2 )
] = 0. 391 (1 − a ) = 0. 746
(1 − a ) = 0. 609
Please refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for complete information on Storage and Handling,
Toxicological Properties, Personal Protection, First Aid, Spill and Leak Procedures, and Waste Disposal. To order
an MSDS, call the Monument Chemical sales office listed below or the MSDS Control Group at (800) 511-MSDS.
Before using or handling this product, the MSDS should be thoroughly reviewed.
This bulletin and the information contained herein are offered solely for your consideration, investigation and verification.
NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
OTHERWISE, ARE MADE OR CONTAINED HEREIN. Monument Chemical’s exclusive responsibility for any claims,
including claims based on negligence, arising in connection with the information contained herein or the subsequent
purchase, use, storage or handling of the product will in no event exceed Monument Chemical’s sales price for the product
with respect to which damages are claimed. IN NO EVENT WILL Monument Chemical BE LIABLE FOR ANY
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. User accepts full responsibility for compliance with all applicable
Federal, state and local laws and regulations. Nothing contained herein will be construed to constitute permission or a
recommendation to use the product in any process or formulation covered by a patent or a patent application owned by
Monument Chemical or by others. No statements or representations which differ from the above shall be binding upon
9 of 9