ERUPTION

• Occurs when magma, along with several other materials, is ejected into
the volcano’s vent.

EFFECTS OF ERUPTION
• Earthquakes
• Release of ash clouds
• Lahar (mudflows created when lava mixes with water)
• Flashfloods
• Acid rain
• Tsunamis (volcano is near the coastline)

How a volcano erupt may depend on the composition of the volcano, especially
the materials that were present in the magma

MAGMA
• Is a molten rock material inside Earth’s crust.
• Can be classified based on the dissolved materials in it, its temperature,
and its viscosity, or the resistance of the flow.

TYPES OF MAGMA
1. BASALTIC MAGMA—
• Contains 45 – 55% silica. Also rich in iron, magnesium and calcium, but
contains low potassium and sodium. Recorded temperature is about 1000
– 1200℃.Least viscous, or the most fluid of all the types of magma.
 • Can be observed from volcanic eruptions in Hawaii, which lies on the
Earth’s hotspots.It becomes a basalt rock after it cools
2. ANDESITIC MAGMA----
• It is described the “middle” magma compared to the other two in terms of
heat, gas content and viscosity. Estimated temperature is about 800 –
1000 ℃.
• Silica content of about 55 – 65% with average amount of iron, magnesium,
calcium, potassium and sodium.
• Can be found in divergent plate boundaries where magma rises to the
center because of the space created by divergent slabs of the crust. Can
be somewhat explosive.
• Earthquakes that range from small to medium size can be recorded upon
its release.
3. FELSIC MAGMA---
• Composed of slow moving or viscous forms of magma composed of
rhyolite and dacite. Very thick and slow moving.Volcanoes with this
magma is very explosive.
• Contains 65 – 75% silica and is low in iron, magnesium, and calcium, but is
high in potassium and sodium.Relatively cooler and its temperature is just
650 – 800℃
• When cooled, it becomes granite and rhyolite rock.
WHY DO VOLCANIES ERRUPT?
• The buoyancy of magma-
The tendency of the less dense magma is to rise because of its buoyancy.
When the magma’s density is still a lot less than the rocks around it, it will
continue to rise to the surface and will cause an eruption
• The pressure in dissolved gases
The continuous dissolution of water and other gases to the magma with
increasing pressure makes the magma rise to the surface. When magma
gets too close to the surface, water vapor expand and escapes from the
magma, leaving a partially molten magma with only dissolved gases in it.
• The addition of magma in the magma chamber
 Underneath Earth, rocks continue to melt as they come in contact with the
heat source and are also stored at the magma chamber. A magma
chamber has a certain capacity to support a certain volume of magma;
thus, the addition of new magma will cause the old magma to rise to the
surface and cause explosion.
LAVA FLOW MATERIALS
1. A`A (PRONOUNCE AS AH-AH)
Is a form of lava with a rough and spiky texture
2. PAHOEHOE(PAH-HOY-HOY)
Hawaiian in origin
A lava flow characterized by displaying a series of small lobes that
continually break out from Earth’s crust. When cooled, this lava shows a
bizzare structure (either pillow like or ropelike) and has smooth surface.
3. PILLOW LAVA
• Is produced by non-explosive volcanic eruptions under the ocean.
• Solidifies quickly and produces pillow-like rocks.