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Module-5 Apportionment
Module-5 Apportionment
There are two (2) methods that can be used in apportionment. These are
Hamilton Plan and Jefferson Plan.
1. Hamilton Plan
- A method which is based on standard divisor and standard quota of the
population.
*Where the highest SQ is only rounded up to a whole number once the total
number of allocation is reached.
Example:
Use Hamilton plan to divide the total population of 20,000 of Anapolis by the
number of 25 representatives. The number of representatives is to be apportioned
according to the states’ respective populations.
State Population
Sagittarius 12,311
Libra 1,798
Capricorn 1,581
Virgo 2,917
Gemini 1,393
Total 20,000
Solution:
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑃) 20,000
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 (𝑆𝐷) = = = 800
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 25
12,311
Sagittarius 12,311 𝑆𝑄 = = 15.38875 15 15
800
1,798
Libra 1,798 𝑆𝑄 = = 2.2475 2 2
800
1,581
Capricorn 1,581 𝑆𝑄 = = 1.97625 1 2
800
2,917
Virgo 2,917 𝑆𝑄 = = 3.64625 3 4
800
1,393
Gemini 1,393 𝑆𝑄 = = 1.74125 1 2
800
Total 20,000 22 25
2. Jefferson Plan
- This method uses a trial and error value for the standard divisor. This value is
chosen so that the sum of the standard quotas is equal to the required number of
allocations.
Example:
Using the first example, compute for the allocated representatives for each state
using the Jefferson plan.
Solution:
Supposing the standard divisor to be used is 750.
Number of
State Population Standard Quota
Representatives
12,311
Sagittarius 12,311 𝑆𝑄 = = 16.4147 16
750
1,798
Libra 1,798 𝑆𝑄 = = 2.3973 2
750
1,581
Capricorn 1,581 𝑆𝑄 = = 2.108 2
750
2,917
Virgo 2,917 𝑆𝑄 = = 3.8893 3
750
1,393
Gemini 1,393 𝑆𝑄 = = 1.8573 1
750
Total 20,000 24
NOTE: (a) If the total number of representatives is lesser than the target number,
use another standard divisor which is lesser than the first divisor being
used.
(b) If the total number of representatives is greater than the target number,
use another standard divisor which is greater than the first divisor being
used.
Since, 24 is less than 25, another standard divisor, which is greater than the first,
is to be used.
Solution (2):
Supposing that 725 is the standard divisor that will be used.
Number of
State Population Standard Quota
Representatives
12,311
Sagittarius 12,311 𝑆𝑄 = = 16.9806 16
725
1,798
Libra 1,798 𝑆𝑄 = = 2.48 2
725
1,581
Capricorn 1,581 𝑆𝑄 = = 2.1806 2
725
2,917
Virgo 2,917 𝑆𝑄 = = 4.0234 4
725
1,393
Gemini 1,393 𝑆𝑄 = = 1.9213 1
725
Total 20,000 25
Practice Problem
City Population
Pacific 5,290
Puma 3,720
Villa 1,540
Osana 2,430
Cardinal 7,020
Total ?
Fairness in Apportionment
This is used to determine in which subset an additional representative or
allocation should be given.
Example:
Consider the two cities in the table below.
Now suppose that one representative will be added to one of the cities.
Which city is more deserving of the new representative? In other words, to be
fair, which city should receive the new representative?
Solution:
Since Quezon City has the smallest relative unfairness of apportionment, the
additional representative will be given to this city.
Practice Problem:
The table below shows the number of fourth and fifth grade teachers in a school
district and the number of students in each of those grades. If a new teacher is hired,
use the apportionment principle to determine to which grade the teacher should be
assigned.
𝑝2
𝐻=
𝑎(𝑎 + 1)
Note: The additional allocation should be given to the subset with the greatest
Huntington-Hill number.
Example:
The table below shows the numbers of lifeguards that are assigned to three
different beaches and the numbers of rescues made by lifeguards at those beaches.
Use the Huntington-Hill apportionment principle to determine to which beach a new
lifeguard should be assigned.
Number of Number of 𝒑𝟐
Beach 𝑯=
Lifeguards Rescues 𝒂(𝒂 + 𝟏)
(1,272)2
X 37 1,272 = 1,150.7709
37(37 + 1)
(1,437)2
Y 51 1,437 = 778.6459
51(51 + 1)
(898)2
Z 24 898 = 1,344.0066
24(24 + 1)
Since Beach Z has the highest Huntington-Hill number, the additional lifeguard
will be given to this beach.
Practice Problem:
2. The table below shows the number of sales associates and the average number
of customers per day at a company’s two department stores. The company is
planning to add a new sales associate to one of the stores. Use the
apportionment principle to determine which store should receive the new
employee.
Average number of
Hospital Number of Interns
patients admitted
A 128 518
B 145 860