Doc No.

:CSB/SD/QAQC/003
WORKING PROCEDURE
Page 1 of 19 Rev. 0
NDE PROCEDURE – MAGNETIC PARTICLE
Date: 30/3/2010
TESTING

NDE PROCEDURE -
MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

1.0 Purpose 3
2.0 Scope 3
3.0 Reference 3
4.0 Definition 3
5.0 Procedures
5.1 Qualification of Personnel 4
5.2 Magnetizing Apparatus 4
5.3 Detecting Medium 5
5.4 Contrast Aid 7
5.5 Field Intensity Indicator 7
5.6 Surface Condition 9
5.7 Electrical Safety 9
5.8 Test Technique 9
5.9 Test Procedure (Yoke Method) 10
5.10 Acceptance Criteria 13
6.0 Special Requirement 14
7.0 Records 14
7.1 Reporting
Appendices

Appendix 1 – Inspection Acceptance Criteria

Appendix 2 – Procedure To check On the Magnetic Field
Strength of Ac Y6 Yoke
Appendix 3 – Magnetic Particle Testing Form

1.0 PURPOSE

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It is to carry out Magnetic Particle Inspection on ferromagnetic materials and

welds for structural / tubular and piping to meet the codes requirements

2.0 SCOPE

This procedure establishes the method and process for Magnetic Particle
Inspection using a magnetic yoke for detection of discontinuities on surface or
sub surface of ferromagnetic material. Magnetic Particle Examination shall be
carried out after Visual Examination of the joint has been accepted.

3.0 REFERENCE

ASME section V (2007) - Nondestructive Examination

ASME / ANSI B31.3 (2007) - Petroleum Plant and Petrochemical Refinery Piping
AWS D1.1 2006 Edition - Structural Welding Code – Steel
CSP- 04 Rev.4 -Project Specific Procedure Guidelines

4.0 DEFINITIONS

CSB - Calidad Sdn Bhd

ASTM - The American Society for Testing and Material
ASTN - The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
JPK - Jabatan Pembangunan Kemahiran
PCN - Personnel Certification of Nondestructive Testing

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5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1 Qualification of Personnel

Personnel performing the magnetic particle testing shall be trained and

certified to NDT Level II in Magnetic Particle Inspection in accordance with
an approved company written practice established in compliance with
ASNT’s SNT-TC-1A (Personnel Qualification and Certification in
Nondestructive Testing), JPK/MLVK Level II, CSWIP level II & PCN level II.

In addition, the above personnel are required to undergo an eye

examination for visual acuity and as minimum be able to read at least the
Jaeger J2 Chart.

5.2 Magnetizing Apparatus

5.2.1 Prior to use, the magnetizing power of electromagnetic yokes

shall have been checked within the past year. The
magnetizing power of permanent magnetic yokes shall be
checked daily prior to use. The magnetizing power of all
yokes shall be checked whenever the yoke has been damaged
or repaired.

5.2.2 Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a

lifting power of at least 10 lb (4.5 kg) at the maximum pole
spacing that will be used.

5.2.3 Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke shall have a

lifting power of at least 40 lb (18 kg) at the maximun pole
spacing that will be used.

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5.2.4 Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable

manufacturer and stenciled with the applicable nominal
weight prior to first use. A weight need only be again if
damaged in a manner that could have caused potential loss of
material.

Performance check shall be carried out every week by use castrol strip
and lifting block, result of the performance check shall be recorded.
Refer to Appendix I of this section for the procedure to check the
magnetizing force of yokes. Use of permanent magnet shall be limited
to as where the use of AC Yoke is not practical. Weight stenciled
with the applicable nominal weight prior to first use .A weight of this
type shall be made available upon request by PCSB at all sites where
MPI is performed.

5.3 Detecting Medium

5.3.1 Premix Black Magnetic Ink having a concentration from 1.2

to 2.4mL per 1OOmL of vehicle for nonfluorescent particles
unless otherwise specified by the particle manufacturer. The
particles shall not be toxic and shall be free from substances
like rust grease and dirt. The wet method shall be applicable up
to a maximum temperature of l35°F (57°C).

5.3.2 Type of premix magnetic ink: used shall include Ardrox or

Magnaflux brands.
When aerosol spray is used, care should be taken to
ensure sufficient ventilation at the location of test and no
naked flame is close by. White contrast paint used shall include
Androx or equivalent.

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5.3.3 Dry iron powder red or yellow colour may be used where
temperature of parts to be tested is higher than 130°F
(54°C) but lower than 600°F/315°C (not recommended for
overhead position).

5.3.4 The following detecting medium shall be used for examination:

Manufacturer Brand Type Color

Magnaflux Magnaflux 2 Yellow
Magnaflux Magnaflux 8A Red
Table: Dry Iron Powder

Manufacturer Brand Type Color

Magnaflux Magnaflux 7HF black
Chemetall Ardox 800/3 black
Helling Helling NRS103 black

Table: Premix Black Magnetic Ink

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5.4 Contrast Paint

When test is performed on a surface, which may not provide sufficient
color contrast to the magnetic ink used, a contrast aid in the form of a
thin white adherent paint coating may be applied to the metal surface.
This coating thickness (dry thickness) shall thin uniform layer.

The following material shall be used as contrast paint:

Manufacturer Brand Type Color

Magnaflux Magnaflux WCP-2 White
Chemetall Ardox 8901-W White
Helling Helling NR.104A White
Table 3: Contrast Paint Used
5.5 Field Intensity Indicator

5.5.1 A Burmah 'Castrol' strip or pie shaped magnetic Field Intensity

Indicator shall be used to indicate that sufficient field intensity has
been applied.

5.5.2 Sufficient field intensity would be ·indicated by the detection of the

three lines artificial defect in the indicators. The MPI technician
shall carry the magnetic field indicator with him at all times while
performing magnetic particle inspection.

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Figure 1: Burmah Castrol Strip Calibration

5.5.3 The Burmah Castrol strip is located parallel to the weldment or

approximately to the weldment at the actual pole spacing to be
used in the examination. The Yoke Magnetic Pole is placed on the
area, perpendicularly to the axis of the Burmah Castrol Strip.

5.5.4 Switch on the current flow and apply black magnetic ink on the Castrol
Strip.

5.5.5 If the three lines are clearly visible, then the conclusion that can be
made is the AC Yoke has sufficient magnetic field to meet the
requirements.

5.5.6 The MPI Technician shall carry the field intensity indicator with him
at all times while carrying out MPI.

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5.6 Surface Condition

Surface of the ferro-magnetic material to be tested and all adjacent areas

within at least 1 inch shall be dry and free from rust, oil, grease, paint or
any other material that may hinder the movement of iron powder or the
interpretation of result indicatios. Welded surface should be free of flux
covering. Light grinding may be necessary to remove very rough weld
surface and paint coating, which may give rise to spurious indication on the
area being examined

5.7 Electrical Safety

AC Yoke equipment shall be subjected to PCSB approval and shall be

properly earthed Current supply shall be fitted with an earth-leakage
current circuit breaker. The circuit shall trip with a leakage current to earth
of not more than 10mA.

5.8 Test Technique

5.8.1 Use of Yoke- Magnetic Flow Technique

The use of the magnetic Yoke favours the detection of flaws where
the major axis lies transverse to the line joining the pole pieces of
the yoke. As such, two magnetizing application, each being at right
angle to the other, should be applied over the same area. When an
indication is found, a third application should be made at an axis
where maximum indication is obtained.

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5.9 Test Procedure (Yoke Method)

5.9.1
Wet Method

5.9.1.1 Clean and dry area of test free from rust, oil,
grease or any· other material that may obstruct
movement o f iron particles or impair result
interpretation. Grind lightly if necessary.

5.9:1.2 Apply thin coat of white contrast paint on area of

test. Allow the paint to dry.

5.9.1.3 Place yoke on the area of test in a direction

where a second application at 90° to this first axis
is possible. Ensure good contact of yoke to the test
piece. Switch on current flow.

5.9.1.4 Apply magnetic ink either through aerosol (wet

method) or onto area where magnetic field has
been induced, with the current still on.

5.9.1.5 Observe for indications formed by the magnetic ink.

5.9.1.6 Cut of current flow before removing the yoke.

5.9.1.7 Repeat step 5.9.1.3 to 5.9.1.6 at an axis perpendicular to

first test.

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5.9.1.8 When an indication is found, perform step 5.9.1.3

to 5.9.1.6 at an axis perpendicular to the axis of the
indication in order to obtain maximum sensitivity.
5.9.1.9 If in doubt, step 5.9.1.3 to 5.9.1.6 should be
repeated, and the indication reevaluated until a
result can be obtained.

5.9.1.10 Repeat step 5.9.1.3 to 5.9.1.7 over the entire area of

test. Maintain an overlap of approximately 50rnm to
ensure 100% coverage of area of test.

5.9.1.11 Remove remaining solvent after test.

5.9.1.12 Record flaw indications, found with respect to their

location, size and type.

The number 1, 2 show the sequences of Yoke Magnetic Pole during

MPI
Figure 2: Yoke Scanning pattern and sequences

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5.9.2 Dry method

5.2.9.1 Clean and dry area of test free from rust, oil, grease
or any other material that may obstruct movement
of iron particles or impair result interpretation. Grind
lightly if necessary.

5.2.9.2 Place Yoke on the area of test in a direction where a

second application at 90° to this first axis is possible.
Ensure good contact of Yoke to the place. Switch on
current flow.
5.2.9.3 Apply fine magnetic powder onto area where magnetic
field has been induced, with the current still on
5.2.9.4 Observed for indication formed by the iron powder.
5.2.9.5 Mark of defect location with the magnetic field still
induced
5.2.9.6 Cut of current flow before removing the Yoke.

5.2.9.7 Repeat step 5.9.2.2 to 5.9.2.6 at an axis perpendicular to

first test.

5.2.9.8 When an indication is found, perform step 5.9.2.3 to

5.9.2.6 at an axis perpendicular to the axis of the
indication i n order to maximum sensitivity.

5.2.9.9 If in doubt, step 5.9.2.3 to 5.9.2.6 should be

repeated, and the indication reevaluated until a result
can be obtained.

5.2.9.10 Repeat step 5.9.2.3 to 5.9.2.7 over the entire area of

test. Maintain an overlap of approximately 50mm to
ensure 100% coverage of area of test.

5.2.9.11 Remove remaining solvent after test.

5.2.9.12 Record flaw 'indications, found with respect to their

location, size and type.

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5.10 Acceptance Criteria

Indication shall b e evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards o f

the referencing code section:

Accept I Reject Criteria shall be in accordance to Appendix 6, ASME VIII

Div.l for piping and Table 6.1, Section 6, AWS D1.1 (2006) Section 6 for
Structural.

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6.0 Special Requirements

Not applicable

7.0 Records

7.1 Reporting

All tests carried out shall be reported in a format that contains the
f o l l o w i n g information:

i. Job Identification.
ii. Date of Test.
iii. Type of Equipment Used.
iv. Type of Technique Applied
v. Identification of weld/ Component
vi. Type of magnetizing Current
vii. Result Interpretation
viii. Name and signature of tester.

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APPENDICES

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TABLE 6.1
Inspection Acceptance Criteria
Discontinuity Category and Statically Cyclically Tubular
inspection Criteria Loaded Loaded Connectio
Non-Tabular Non-Tabular ns (All
Connection Connection Loads)
(1) Crack Prohibition
Any crack shall be unacceptable,   
regardless of size or location
(2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion
Through fusion shall exist between
  
adjacent layers of weld and
between weld and base metal
(3) Porosity & linear indication
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints
transverse to the direction of
computed tensile stress shall
have no visible piping porosity.
For all other groove welds and
or fillet welds, the sum of the  x x
visible piping porosity 1 mm or
greater in diameter shall not
exceed 100 in any linear inch of
weld and shall not exceed
20mm in any 300mm length of
weld
(B) The frequency of piping
porosity in fillet welds shall not
exceed one in each 100mm of
weld length and the maximum
diameter shall not exceed
2.5mm. exception: for filler
welds connection stifeners to x  
web, the sum of the diameters
of piping porosity shall not
exceed 10mm in any linear inch
of weld and shall not exceed
20mm in any 300mm length of
weld
(C) CJP Groove welds in butt joints
transverse to the direction of
computed tensile stress shall
have no piping porosity. For all
other groove welds, the
x  
frequency of piping porosity
shall not exceed on in 100mm
of length and the maximum
diameter shall not exceed
2.5mm

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(4) Undercut
(a) For material less than 1 in. [25
mm] thick, undercut shall not
exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm], with
the following exception:  x x
undercut shall not exceed 1/16
in. [2mm ] for any length of
weld

(b) In primary members, undercut

shall be no more than 0.01 in.
[0.25] deep when the weld is
transverse to tensile stress
x  
under any design loading
condition. Undercut shall be no
more than 1/32 in.[1mm] deep
for all other cases.
 = Applicable
X = Not Applicable

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ACCEPTANCE I REJECTION CRITERIA FOR PIPING &

PRESSURE VESSEL

Acceptance/Rejection Criteria for piping and pressure vessel shall be in accordance

with ASME VIII, appendix 6.

1)Indications of size .5 1.6mm to be considered as non relevant

indications.
2) Any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size and location.
3) Any other linear indications shall be unacceptable.
4) Rounded Indications greater than 4.8 mm diameter are unacceptable.
5) Four or more rounded indications in line separated by less than 1.6
mm edge to edge are unacceptable.

Linear indications are those L> 3 W

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PROCEDURE TO CHECK ON THE MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH OF ACY6YOKE

Equipment : AC Magnaflux Y-6 Yoke or equivalent

Weight : 4.5 kg ferromagnetic steel test plate with

clean and flat surface

Procedure : The legs span of yoke should be adjusted to the

actual leg separation to be used in the
examination. Ensure good contacts are being
adjusted between the yoke and the surface of the
test price.

Connect the equipment to the AC source. With the

yoke in the proper contact with the weight (test
plate) surface, press the switch of the machine and
lift. ·

If the yoke can lift the weight, then conclusion can

be drawn that the AC yoke has sufficient magnetic
field strength to meet the requirement

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