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New Generation High School Miryalguda. Phone No: 241 447
New Generation High School Miryalguda. Phone No: 241 447
New Generation High School Miryalguda. Phone No: 241 447
Grammar can only tell you whether the language is correctly spoken or written. It is the only
scale for a correct language.
E.g. She does her duty for the sake of her parents.
Plates is an object.
EXERCISE NO. -1
1. Proper Noun is the name of some particular person or place, thing, animal ,etc.
2. Common Noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind.
3. A Collective noun is the name of a number of person or things taken together and spoken of as
one whole.
Eg: army, herd, pack, crowd, mob, flock, fleet, jury, nation, committee, parliament.
4. A quality or feeling or idea which we can feel but we cannot touch is called an
Abstract Noun
c) Noun that denotes both male and female is the common gender.
Material Noun: A material noun is the name of a material existing in the nature.
EXERCISE NO. 2
Find out ‘Nouns’ from the following sentences and tell their kinds also
15. Those who seek only for faults, cannot see anything
17. People who are too sharp cut their own fingers.
PRONOUN
II. A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. Pronoun can be singular or plural.
1. Personal Pronoun. A) The first person is the person who is speaking i.e. I, me,
C) The third person is the person spoken about i.e. he, she, it, they, him, her, them,
EXERCISE NO. 3
1. Sam entered into my house like a bull in the china shop.
3. You must work hard to make your dream come true in your life.
4. The great things are done when men and mountain meet, these are not done by jostling in the
street.
11. Your book is the golden key to open the treasure of success for you.
13. I know my duty well; please do not try to teach me regarding my project.
EXERCISE NO; 4
Guidance in studies.
__His _mother taught him cooking. Now, _He cooks food well.
2. A pronoun that is used to point out the object or objects to which it refers is called
A Demonstrative Pronoun.
Distributive Pronoun.
4. The pronouns myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself and
Note: A Reflexive Pronoun is used after the Verb but Emphatic Pronoun is used
Reciprocal Pronoun: A Pronoun which shows relation with one another is called a
Reciprocal Pronoun.
EXERCISE NO. 5
The Gateway of India which is located near the Taj Hotel which anybody
Can have a lovely view of sea. She was the lady whom nobody knows in
Mumbai but she was familiar to the people of Mumbai where she had to spend
1 month. She met a merchant who was very clever. She wanted to buy a pen which
Honest but the American lady proved him to be dishonest as the pen which he
Used to sell in India. His shop is located near Liberty Garden where people come
for morning walk. She suggested him to remain honest and gives him 10 pens
EXERCISE NO. 6
2. A man had been killed .who was taken to the graveyard yesterday.
4. Give me a pen to write a letter. which was gifted to you on 16th birth anniversary.
5. Your daughter was very unhappy who had lost her money.
EXERCISE NO. 7
Fill in the gaps with appropriate pronouns and tell their kinds:
1. ____________ is an excellent opportunity.
They tell us what kind of, how many, what colour etc. persons, places, animals and things are
Adjective of Quality.
Quantity.
3. An Adjective which tells us how many persons or things are meant, is called an Adjective number.
E.g. Two mangoes, third boy, many dogs, few dollars, all students.
Demonstrative Adjective.
Interrogative Adjective.
What a mistake!
↑ Exclamatory Adjective
Emphatic Adjective
An Adjective which emphasizes the idea, statement, etc is called an Emphatic Adjective.
↑Emphatic Adj.
↑Emphatic Adj.
EXERCISE-8
9. It is a sunny day.
10. The house is full.
EXERCISE-9
EXERCISE- 10
Fill in blanks with the correct form of Adjectives given in the brackets.
EXERCISE_11
9. I am listening to __________brother.
EXERCISE NO. 12
Find out the Adjectives from the sentences given below and tell their kinds also:
2. The great things are done when men and mountain meet.
3. It is my own mistake.
32. Intelligent people normally kill two birds with one stone.
33. After the failure, we are enjoying the blind man’s holiday
. A Verb is used to say something about a person or thing. It says what a person or thing does, what
a person or thing is or what a person or thing is or what a person or thing has.
E.g. I sing, He sings They sing , I am a teacher, He is a good pupil ,
They are my sisters.
1. A verb that requires an object to complete its sense is called a transitive verb.
2. A verb that does not require an object to make sense is called intransitive verb.
A Singular Noun or Pronoun takes a Singular Verb with it and a Plural Noun or Pronoun
If two Singular Nouns or Pronouns are joined by ‘and’ they become plural so they take a
Plural verb.e.g. Jane and Joe are friends. He and she have gone.
EXERCISE -13
EXERCISE- 14
EXERCISE -15
8. Even the youngest man in the crowd _______ not ready to help.
EXERCISE-16
EXERCISE-17
7. The old lady standing near the park. (is, are ) my mother.
EXERCISE
Break begin bring build catch forget hear keep know meet say
Speak spend study teach throw travel weave try travel think tell
Shine rise sew ring hide let kill laugh obey put lie
Buy follow get draw dance drown hear cost eat fly feel
Ought to used to
These verbs are used in the formation of negatives, questions and question tags.
Questions which begin with who, when, what, which, where, -wh questions
Exercise
his
bicycle
her
note book
Exercise
does Vinod
Get up
Your father
Go to the office?
Yours mother
They shouting
making a noise
is angry with my friend
he
she
In the past tense can becomes could and may becomes might
Exercise-18
Rewrite the sentences using can or may according to the sense:
6. I _________ come to your house but I ________ not stay for dinner.
SHALL&WILL
If we want to express strong determination or threat or refusal we use WILL for I and We and SHALL
other person.
EXERCISE-19
Rewrite these sentences, using shall and will correctly:
1. “They __________ pay back every penny” shouted the old man.
2. “I_________come with you even if you don’t want me to” declared the stubborn child.
When we want to say that something may possibly happen or is likely to occur instead of the normal
future tense we need a conditional tense So instead of shall and will we
Verbs which represent hope or wishing are used with should and would.
EXERCISE-20
1. The dogs barked loudly. In this sentence barked is a verb and loudly add to the meaning of the
verb. This word is called adverb.
1 Adverb of manner- They describe the manner in which actions are done. These normally answer
the question, how?
An Adverb which shows how the work is done, is called an Adverb of Manner.
5. He answered wisely.
Adverb of place
John sat there. In this sentence there is Adverb of place. They tell us where
Actions are done so they are called Adverb of place. This answers the ‘WHERE’
2. He is playing inside.
3. He is waiting downstairs.
7. I looked everywhere.
9. He stood underneath.
Adverb of Time
An Adverb which indicates something about the time of incident, state etc,
Is called an Adverb of Time. E.g.- Before, now, soon, never, since, late, formerly
↑Verb ↑Adverb
↑Verb ↑ Advervb
↑Verb ↑Adverb
An Adverb which shows quantity, degree etc is called an Adverb of Quantity/ degree.
Example:
1. I am extremely sorry.
Relative Adverb.
EXERCISE NO. 21
Find out Adverbs from the sentences given below and tell their kinds also.
2. This is the school where Dr. Abdul Kalam used to study during his childhood.
4. Mr. Bruce is certainly using his forked tongue in order to prove his false
7. Dick is slowly trying to understand the difference between chalk and cheese.
12. She was, hence, looking like a lame duck after her failure.
13. Mr. Prashanth had undoubtedly been looking like a drowned rat.
15. The judge, intentionally, turned a blind eye from the case.
16. Miss Bindhu is, therefore crystal clear about her intentions
2. She is writing for you near the temple & under the tree.
Kinds of Conjunctions:
1. Co-ordinatinating Conjunction
2. Subordinating Conjunction
Examples:
10. She could pass the exam nevertheless she worked hard.
14. She could not recognize his enemy consequently she lost every thing.
15. My brother will get the target for he is studying day and night.
Subordinating Conjunctions
That, since, until, how, where, why, when, it, though, after, because, although, unless
Conjunction.
13. The students could not meet the Principal since the school had
been closed.
28. The eyes are more beautiful than any gift of God.
Examples:
S E D L
Examples:
1. She plays cricket. (Simple Present Tense )
10. She will have been playing cricket. (Future Perfect Continuous)
TENSE TABLE
going going
Exercise No. 22
Change the following sentences into all the ‘Tense’ as shown in examples above:
Simple Present Tense shows habit, general truth, universal truth, daily routine,
Example:
EXERCISE NO. 23
10. My brother and your sister do not try to catch the thief.
11. The Priest does not open the door in the morning.
12. All the students do not leave the classroom in the evening.
EXERCISE NO -27
Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Verbs’ in ‘Simple Present Tense’:
8. Sincerely never____________waste.(go/goes)
14. God _________ those who love the poor people. (love/loves)
To make Yes/No questions in the Simple Present tense with I, we, you and Plural subjects, we use
the following sentence pattern:
Do + S + V1 + C ?
Examples:
1. Do I get up late in the morning?
To make Yes /No questions in the Simple Present tense he, she, it and all other
Does + S + V1 + C ?
Examples:
Exercise:-28
Examples:
EXERCISE-29
EXERCISE-30
Write questions (starting with ‘What’ ) to which the following are the answers:
EXERCISE-31
Write questions (starting with When ) to which the following are the answers:
EXERCISE-32
Write questions (starting with ‘Where’ ) to which the following are the answers
EXERCISE-33
Write questions (starting with ‘Why’ ) to which the following are the answers.
1. I get late because I come on foot.
EXERCISE-34
Write questions (starting with ‘How’) to which the following are the answers
EXERCISE-35
Write questions (starting with ‘Whom’ ) to which the following are the answers
We use the Simple Past tense to express an action which took place in their past,
Simple Past Tense is used for story/ accident /incident/ report or any event
To make positive statements in the Simple Past tense, we use V 2 with all subjects
Examples:
1. I did my duty
EXERCISE N O. -36
Write the correct form of Verb in the gaps suitable for’ Simple Past Tense’
3. Swami Vivekanand _____________ everywhere to guide the people towards happiness. (preach)
To make negative statements in the Simple Past tense, we use did not+ V 1 with all subjects (singular
as well as plural)
EXERCISE NO. 37
Change the following sentences into’ Simple Past Tense’
We use the Simple Future tense to express an action that is going to make place in future time.
I, We.
I/ We=Will
EXERCISE NO. 38
4. All the Hindus ___________to temple for prayer in the morning. (go)
6. Mr. Joy will talk about the remedy after the loss in business.
EXERCISE-40
It is falling down.
I am mending my shoes.
Subject+is/am/are+not+verb-ing(negative)
We use the Present Continuous tense to express an action that is going on at the time of
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘ Verbs’ suitable for ‘present continuous tense’
EXERCISE NO. 42
Change the following sentences into’ present continuous’ and then use’not’ in the
Same sentences: e.g...She is preparing her breakfast. She is not preparing her breakfast.
7. The men in blue are arresting the murderer with blood in his hand.
(WERE) (ING)
We use the Past Continuous tense to express an action which was actually taking place at some
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘Verbs’ in past continuous tense
Change the following sentences into ‘Past Continuous Tense’ and then use
8. Saroja was measuring the distance between the cup and the lip before sketching her dream.
EXERCISE-45
Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous tense.
3. When I went to his house, he was playing chess with his wife.
6. The car had nobody in it, but the engine was running.
EXERCISE-46
2. Misha and Chinky will be living in Mumbai at this time next year.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘Verb ‘ in Future Continuous Tense:
EXERECISE NO -48
Change the following sentences into ‘Future Continuous Tense’ and then use not in the
Same sentence:
1, She will be feeling broken hearted after getting the news of her husband’s death.
4. Victor will be finding himself between the devil and the deep sea after his failure.
7. Kanika will be feeling like butter on both sides after getting her gold medal.
11. Peter will be getting a red carpet welcome after the victory.
13. Miss Bell will be trying to step into her uncle’s shoes to get his properly.
[perfect] [present]
Present Perfect Tense is used when the work is completed a few movements before
or in near past.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘Verb’ in ‘Present Perfect Tense’
EXERCISE NO. 50
Change the following sentences into ‘Present Perfect Tense’ and then use not in the same
sentence:
e.g. you have prepared a plan. You have not prepared a plan.
2. She has bursted into tears after getting a pink slip from her office.
3. You have taken the bull by the horn to succeed in your life.
EXERCISE-NO-51
[Perfect] [Past]
EXERCISE NO. 52
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘verb’ in ‘Past Perfect Tense’
EXERCISE NO. 53
Change the following sentences into ‘Past Perfect Tense’ and then ‘not’ in the same sentence:
e.g. You had achieved your goal. You had not achieved your goal.
14. She had employed a man with rocks on his head to complete this work.
15. Being wet behind his ears, he had not understood this project.
We use the Future Perfect tense to say that an action will be completed before a
EXERCISE NO.55
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘Verb’ in ‘Future Perfect Tense’
8. All the players ---------- the victory ceremony with fun and joy.
9. Our parents ---------everything regarding our life. [decide]
EXERCISE NO.- 56
Change the sentences given below into ‘Future Perfect Tense’ and then use ‘not’
E.g. She will have cracked it. She will not have cracked it.
4. We shall have looked for the floating light of India like King Vikramaditya.
7. Miss Baker will have studied light literature to reduce her mental pain.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verb in ‘ Present Perfect Continuous Tense’:
11. She _____________ her pink slip from her boss. [receive]
Change the sentences given below in ‘Past Perfect Continuous Tense’ and then
4. The priest had been cursing the people for deceiving him.
EXERCISE NO. 59
Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Verbs’ in ‘Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
5. Martin_________ a speech about the Second World War to the people of Italy.[deliver]
6. The protesters_________stories at the minister who is very corrupt . [throw]
EXERCISE NO. 60
1. She ________to be more ambitious about the future of her life.[ look]
11. The army general _________against the Prime Minister by next month. [protest]
1. Mr. Vivian will have been retaliating because of his negative attitude.
3. Rose will have been painting the wall in electric blue colour.
4. The advocates will have been protesting against the evil-minded judgement.
5. I shall have been taking bath after being tired of the whole day work.
6. The students will have been facing the music for their misbehavior.
9. You will have been doing your duty without fear and favour.
10. The programmer will have been pointing out the reasons regarding the failure of programme.
11. The children will have been playing cricket in the garden.
12. Your friend will have been trying to put his finger in the pie.
ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE
When the effect of action is received by the Agent [object], the sentence is said to be
In Passive Voice.
↑ ↑
Subject Object
Object receives effect and it is often found after the ‘Main verb’ [Finite Verb]
OBJECT
SUBJECT
EXERCISE NO-62
EXERCISE NO-63
Change the following sentences from ‘Active to Passive Voice’:
EXERCISE NO-64
EXERCISE NO-65
EXERCISE NO-66
SPEECH
Example: She said that she was very happy. [Indirect Speech]
If the sentence in quotations is a statement,( Assertive sentence ) the steps mentioned below are
to be followed.
Is / am Was
had Had
can Could
could Could
may Might
might Might
EXERCISE NO-68
1. You said, “He is dull like dish water while working in the office.”
2. He said, “Peter is composing a patriotic song for the college function.”
3. They said, “ A poor fellow has been looking for a dead man’ s diamond
Shoes to get rid of his poverty.”
4. Miss Taylor said, “Tulip is telling his coach where his shoe pinches.”
5. I said, “All the students are waiting for the arrival of their teachers.”
6. Richard said , Edward has crossed the road before the arrival of bus.”
7. She said, “He will have to choose between devil and deep blue sea.”
8. I said, “They will have been trying to rock the boat in order to upset
The project.
9. Henry said, “She will have to keep the pot boiling in order to please every day.”
10. She said, “He gave a dog, a bad name.”
11. I said, “it was raining cats and dogs.”
12. Her father said, “His books had been taken by Tulip.”
13. The Army General said, “The troop won the war ultimately.”
14. I said, “Geoffrey was blowing his own trumpet.”
EXAMPLES:
1. Kim said, “I will have been sleeping as I am dead to the world after completing
my work.”
2. Kate and Rose said, “We have completed our projects in time.”
3. Hick said, “My brother has created a history in the field of sports.”
4. Silvia said, “I shall have been waiting for my better chance.”
5. Philip said , “I have done my job with responsibility.
EXAMPLES:
1. She said to him, “You know about your enemies and your friends.”
She told him that he knew about his enemies and his friends.
2. He said to her, “You had prepared your plan yourself.”
He told her that she had prepared her plan herself.
3. He said, “You will do your work yourself.”
He said that she would do her work herself.
4. She said, “He will be helping his brother and his parents.”
She said that he would be helping his brother and his parents.
5. She will say, “Sam is staying with his family members.”
She will say that Sam is staying with his family members.
EXERCISE NO-70
Change the following sentences into ‘Indirect Speech’
1. You said to him, “You have to create a history.”
2. She said to him, “You will have to act like a sick cat.”
3. We said, “You will be taking medicine for your better health.”
4. She said, “Your parents will have to know the fact of your life.”
5. I said, “You are preparing for the next election campaign.”
6. She said, “He has to tighten his belt after losing his job.”
7. He said to me, “She waited for her friends at her home.”
8. I said, “They went to Kolkata in order to get a job.”
9. Miss sibby said, “She will have to reveal the hidden truth.”
10. Shibha said, “They had a good idea to solve this problem.”
Rule: In case of universal truth, habitual action tense should not be changed.
Ex: The teacher said, “Man is mortal . “
The teacher said that man is mortal.
EXERCISE NO-71
Change the following sentences into ‘Indirect Speech’
1. She said, “God is great.”
2. You said, “The earth moves round the sun.”
3. Heraclitus said, “Eyes are more accurate witness than ears.
RULE:
HELPING VERB must be used after the Subject in the Indirect Speech
When two or more ‘Nouns or Pronouns’ are compared with the scale of degree,
The comparison is called the ‘Degree of Comparison’.
It has 3 kinds: 1. Positive Degree 2.Comparitive Degree. 3. Superlative Degree.
Positive Degree
When two or more Nouns or Pronouns are compared to one another,and they have similar
degree of quality , it is called Positive Degree.
1.She is as white as snow.
2. He is as foolish as owl.
Comparative Degree
When two or more Nouns or Pronouns are compared to one another and they have
different degree of quality, it is called Comparative Degree of Comparison.
1. They are better than you.
2. She is more beautiful than you.
Superlative Degree
When one Noun or Pronoun is compared to more than one Noun, Pronoun of its own kind
Plural Number
Regular Adjective
Those Adjectives that have certain rule to change them from Positive to
Comparative or Superlative degree are called Regular Adjective.
Count the number of letters. If there are 6 letters or more than 6 letters, add More and Most
to change the degree.
Learned
Excellent More
Agreeable More
Numerous More
Experianced More
Shameful More
Important More
Deligtful More
Fortunate More
Attractive More
More
More
More
More