Solutions

1. (b) A matrix which have same or equal number of rows 8. ([6 2 4])
and columns is known as square matrix.
1 2 0
2. (d) A square matrix is said to be skew-symmetric matrix if We have, [1 21]  2 0 1 
the transpose of a given square matrix A is equal to the  
negative of matrix A. i.e. A′ = − A  1 0 2 
3. (c) We have, = [1 × 1 + 2 × 2 + 1 × 1 1 × 2 + 2 × 0 + 1 × 0
 3 1   0 1   1 −1  1 × 0 + 2 × 1 + 1 × 2]
 2 2  =  −1 2   0 0  = [1 + 4 + 1 2 + 0 + 0 0 + 2 + 2] = [6 2 4]
    
On applying elementary row operation R1 → R1 − 2R2 ,  −27
9.  
we get  4 
 3 − 4 1 − 4   0 1   1 − 0 −1 − 0  (i − 3 j)3
 2 = We have, aij =
 2   −1 2   0 0  4
 3 − 4 1 − 4   0 1   1 − 0 −1 − 0  (3 − 3 × 2)3 (3 − 6)3 (−3)3 −27
⇒ = ∴ a32 = = = =
 2 2   −1 2   0 0  4 4 4 4

10. (Order, corresponding element)
 −1 −3   0 1   1 −1 
⇒  2 2  =  −1 2   0 0  We know that, two matrices are said to be equal, if their
     order are same and their corresponding elements are also
4. (b) We know that, the number of all possible matrices = equal.
(number of entries) p × q 11. False, because in zero matrix, all elements of a matrix are
where, p × q is a order of matrix. zero.
Here, number of entries = 2, p = 3 and q = 2. 12. True, because
∴Number of all possible matrices = (2)3 × 2 = (2)6 = 64 1 1  1 1  1+1 1+1  2 2
A 2 = AA =   =  =  2 2 
5. (a) The possible of matrix having 14 elements are 1 1  1 1  1+1 1+1   
1 × 14 , 14 × 1, 2 × 7, 7 × 2 13. True.
∴The total number of matrices having 14 elements is 4. 14. True, because
6. (Scalars, matrix).  x 2 −2   2 x 5   15 3 
Here k1 and k2 are scalars and A is a matrix  +  =  
 1 −1   1 1   2 0 
7. (diag [−25 4 20]).
 x 2 + 2 x −2 + 5   15 3 
1 0 0  7 0 0 ⇒  = 2 0
 1+1 −1 + 1   
We have, A =  0 0 0  and B =  0 −1 0 
     x 2 + 2 x 3   15 3 
 0 0 −4   0 0 2  ⇒  =
 2 0   2 0 
1 0 0  7 0 0
Now, 3 A − 4 B = 3  0 0 0  − 4  0 −1 0  By definition of equality, we get
   
 0 0 −4   0 0 2  x 2 + 2 x = 15

3 0 0   28 0 0  ⇒ x 2 + 2 x − 15 = 0
=0 0 0 − 0 4 0 
⇒ (x + 5) (x − 3) = 0 ⇒ x = − 5, 3
   
 0 0 −12   0 0 8  15. False, because if A and B are symmetric matrices of same
 3 − 28 0 − 0 0−0  order, then AB − BA is a skew-symmetric matrix.
= 0−0 0+ 4 0−0  16. (a) A → III, B → IV, C → II, D → I
 
 0 − 0 0 − 0 −12 − 8  A. A matrix having only one row is called row matrix.
B. A Square matrix having one on its principal
 −25 0 0 
Diagonal and zero elsewhere is called unit matrix.
= 0 4 0 
  C. A diagonal matrix in which all diagonal elements
 0 0 − 20  are equal is called scalar matrix.
Hence, 3 A − 4 B = diag [−25 4 20]. D. A matrix in which number of rows and number of
columns are equal, is called square matrix.
17. (c) A → IV, B → I, C → III, D → II  1 + 0 0 + 0  1 0 
= = = I
 x+ y xy   6 8  0 + 0 0 + 1  0 1 
We have, 
z+ 6 =  w 0 
 4     −1 0 
∴ f (P) = 2P 2 + P − 3I = 2I +   − 3I
By definition of equality, we have  0 1
x + y = 6, xy = 8, w = 4 and z + 6 = 0  −1 0   1 0
= − 
8 8  0 1   0 1
⇒ x + = 6, y = , w = 4 and z = − 6
x x  −1 − 1 0 − 0 
8 = 
⇒ x − 6 x + 8 = 0, y = , w = 4 , and z = 6.
2
 0 − 0 1 −1 
x
 −2 0 
8
⇒ x − 4 x − 2 x + 8 = 0, y = , w = 4 and z = − 6
2 = 
x  0 0
8
⇒ x − 4 x − 2 x + 8 = 0, y = , w = 4 and z = − 6
2  cos α − sin β   −1 / 2 3/ 2
20. Given, A =  and B =  
x − sin β
 cos α   3/ 2 −1 / 2 
8
⇒x(x − 4) − 2(x − 4) = 0, y = , w = 4 and z = − 6 According to the question, we have
x
8 symmetric matrix of A = Skew-symmetric matrix of B
⇒ (x − 4) (x − 2) = 0, y = , w = 4 and z = − 6
x ∴ A = −B

⇒
8 8
x = 4 , 2, y = , , w = 4 and z = − 6.  cos α − sin β   −1 / 2 3/ 2
⇒ − sin β  = − 
4 2
 cos α   3/ 2 −1 / 2 
⇒ x = 4 , 2, y = 2, 4, w = 4 and z = − 6
 cos α − sin β   1 2 − 3 / 2
A. (I) xyzw ⇒ =
= 4 × 2 × 4 × − 6 or 2 × 4 × 4 × − 6
− sin β
 cos α  − 3 / 2 1/ 2 


= − 192 or −192 By definition of equality of matrices, we get

B. (II) 2 x + y − z = 2 × 4 + 2 + 6 or 2 × 2 + 4 + 6 cos α = 1 / 2 and − sin β = − 3 / 2
= 8 + 8 or 4 + 10 = 16 or 14 π π
⇒ cos α = cos and sin β = sin
C. (III) 3w − 2 xy = 3 × 4 − 2 × 4 × 2 or 3 × 4 − 2 × 2 × 4 4 3
= 12 − 16 or 12 − 16 = − 4 or −4 π π
⇒ α = and β =
D. (II) 5 xy + 2 yz + 3zx + wx 4 3
= 5 × 4 × 2 + 2 × 2 × (−6) + 3 × (−6) × 4 + 4 × 4 π π
∴ α +β = +
or 5 × 2 × 4 + 2 × 4 × (−6) + 3 × (−6) × 2 + 4 × 4 4 3
= 40 − 24 − 72 + 16 or 40 − 48 − 36 + 16 3π + 4 π 7π
= =
12 12
= 56 − 96 or 56 − 84
21. Given A = B
= −40 or −28
2 0 6  3 x 2 0  5 − 2 5 x 0 
∴  = 
18. Given, A =  0  y − 2y   y − 2
2

3 2
  4 4
 6 2 4  By definition of equality, we get
 2 0 6 3 x 2 = 5 − 2 5 x and y 2 − 2 y = y − 2
New, A′ =  0 3 2 ⇒ 3 x 2 + 2 5 x − 5 = 0 and y 2 − 2 y − y + 2 = 0
 
 6 2 4 
⇒ 3 x 2 + 3 5 x − 5 x − 5 = 0 and y(y − 2) − 1(y − 2) = 0
[interchanging the elements of rows and columns]
⇒ 3 x (x + 5) − 5 (x + 5) and (y − 2) (y − 1) = 0
∴ A′ = A
⇒ (x + 5) (3 x − 5) = 0 and (y − 2) (y − 1) = 0
Hence, A is a symmetric matrix.
 −1 0  ⇒ x = − 5,
5
and y = 1, 2
19. Given, P =  
 0 1 3
 −1 0   −1 0  Hence, the required values of x and y are − 5 ,
5
and
⇒ P2 =    3
 0 1  0 1 
1, 2 respectively.
22. Let ` x be invested in first type of bonds and ` (60000 – x) On applying R1 → R1 − 9R2, we get
in second type of bonds. 2 0  4 −6 
The value of these bonds can be written in the form of a 0 1  = −1 / 3 2 / 3 A
   
row matrix A given by
1
A = [ x 60000 − x] On applying R1 → R1 , we get
2
and the amounts received as interest per rupee annually
1 0  2 −3 
from these two types of bond can be written in the form of 0 1  = −1 / 3 2 / 3 A
 4     
  1 0
a column and given by B = 100  ∴ A −1 = 
6 
  0 1 
100 
 4  3 −5  3 −5  3 −5
24. Given, A =   ⇒ A 2 = AA =    
  x 2 x 2  x 2 
∴ Annual interest = AB = [ x 60000 − x] 100 
6
  3 × 3 − 5 x 3 x − 5 − 5 × 2
100  =
 3x + 2x −5 x + 4 
 4 6 
= x + (60000 − x)  9 − 5 x −15 − 10 9 − 5 x −25 
100 100 = =
 5x −5 x + 4   5 x −5 x + 4 
 4 360000 6 
= x+ − x
100 100 100  ∴ A 2 − 5 A − 14 I = 0
 2  9 − 5 x −25   3 −5 1 0
= 3600 − x ⇒  5x  − 5  − 14  =0
 100   −5 x + 4  x 2  0 1 
(a) Since, total annual interest is given to be ` 3200 9 − 5 x −25  15 −25 14 0
⇒  5x − − =0

∴ 3600 −
2 
x = [3200]  −5 x + 4  5 x 10   0 14 
 100 
9 − 5 x − 15 − 14 −25 + 25 − 0 
⇒ x =0
⇒ 3600 −
2
x = 3200 (by definition of equality)  5x − 5x − 0 −5 x + 4 − 10 − 14 
100
−5 x − 20 0  0 0
2 ⇒  =
⇒
100
x = 400
 0 −5 x − 20 0 0

⇒ x = ` 20000 By definition of equality, we get

(b) Since, total annual interest is given to be ` 3000 −20
−5 x − 20 = 0 ⇒ −5 x = 20 of x =
 2  5
∴ 3600 − x = 3000
 100  ⇒ x = −4, which is the required value of x
2  0 2 3
⇒ 3600 − x = 3000
100 25. Given, P =  4 3 4 
 
2 4 2 2
⇒ x = 3600 − 3000 = 600 ⇒ x = ` 30000
100 For applying column operations, write P as P = PI
2 9  0 2 3 1 0 0
23. Given, A =  
1 6 i.e.  4 3 4 = P 0 1 0

   
For applying row operation, write A as A = IA 4 2 2 0 0 1 
2 9 1 0 On applying C1 ↔ C 2, we get
1 6 = 0 1  A
    2 0 3 0 1 0
On applying R2 → 2R2 − R1 , we get 3 4 4  = P 1 0 0
   
2 9  1 0 2 4 2 0 0 1 
0 3 = −1 2 A
    1
On applying C 2 → C 2, we get
1 2
On applying R2 → R2, we get
3  2 0 3 0 1 / 2 0
3 2 4  = P 1 0
2 9  1 0 
  
0

 0 1  =  −1 / 3 2 / 3
A
2 2 2 0 0 1 
  
On applying C1 → C1 − C 2, we get  1/ 6 1/ 6 1/ 6 
2 0 3 −1 / 2 1 / 2 0 ∴ P −1
= 1 −1 1 / 2 
 
1 1 4 = P  1 0 0 −1 / 3 2 / 3 −1 / 3
   
0 2 2  0 0 1 
26. Given,
On applying C 3 → 2C 3 − 3C1 , we get 0 3x 3x 
2 0 0 −1 / 2 1 / 2 3 / 2 A = 4 y 2y −2 y 
1  
1 5 = P  1 0 −3   2z −2z 2z 
   
0 2 4   0 0 2 
Since, AA T = 72I
On applying C 3 → C 3 − 5C 2, we get 0 3x 3x   0 4y 2z 
2 0 0  −1 / 2 1 / 2 −1 
∴ 4y 2y −2 y   3 x 2y −2z
1 1 0  = P  1   
0 −3  2z −2z 2z  3 x −2 y 2z 
   
0 2 −6  0 0 2 
1 0 0
1
On applying C 3 → − C 3, we get = 72 0 1 0
 
6 0 0 1 
2 0 0  −1 / 2 1 / 6 1 / 6 
1 1 0 = P  1 0 + 9 x 2 + 9 x 2 0 + 6 xy − 6 xy 0 − 6 xz + 6 xz 
0 1/ 2   
    ⇒  6 xy − 6 xy 16 y + 4 y + 4 y 8 yz − 4 yz − 4 yz 
2 2 2
0 2 1   0 0 −1 / 3
 −6zx + 6zx 8zy − 4 zy − 4 zy 4 z2 + 4 z2 + 4 z2 
On applying C 2 → C 2 − 2C 3, we get 
72 0 0
2 0 0  −1 / 2 1 / 6 1 / 6 
1 1 0 = P  1 =  0 72 0
−1 1 / 2   
     0 0 72
0 0 1   0 2 / 3 −1 / 3
18 x 2 0 0  72 0 0
On applying C1 → C1 − C 2, we get  
⇒  0 24 y 2 0 =0 72 0
2 0 0  −1 / 3 1 / 6 1 / 6   
0  0 12z2   0 72
1 0 = P  2 −1 1 / 2   0 0
   
0 0 1  −2 / 3 2 / 3 −1 / 3 By definition of equality, we get
1 ⇒ 18 x 2 = 72, 24 y 2 = 72 and 12z2 = 72
On applying C1 → C1 , we get
2 72 2 72 72
⇒ x2 = ,y = and z2 =
1 0 0  −1 / 6 1 / 6 1 / 6  18 24 12
0 0 = P  1 −1 1 / 2 

1
   ⇒ x 2 = 4, y 2 = 3 and z2 = 6
0 0 1  −1 / 3 2 / 3 −1 / 3 ⇒ x = ±2, y = ± 3 and z = ± 6