FacultySchool

of Science & Technology

of Science, Engineering &
Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

ENGIN 4201
Management of Water Resources
Case study activity
Harpreet Singh Kandra, PhD
Lecturer, Civil and Environmental Engineering
h.kandra@federation.edu.au
Room: 4N 258, Gippsland campus
Phone: 03 5122 8216
 School of Science, Engineering &
Learning from a Case study Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

Water Demand management (WDM) Strategies

for 4 cities in Central India
(Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Indore)
 School of Science, Engineering &
Analysis challenges Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

Inadequate data for a comprehensive water balance study

Poor quality of data with conflicting values..mainly poorly

recorded estimates

Inadequate data for financial assessment

Sketches rather than maps available for GIS work….

 School of Science, Engineering
Comparison of different cities Faculty of&Science
Information Technology
and Technology

BHOPAL GWALIOR JABALPUR

Total system input 8115522 56958250 55020731
(m3 per annum)
Water losses 1851122 24602470 18617690
22.8 43.2 33.8
Apparent losses 177360 2042722 17337500
2.2 3.6 31.5
Real losses 1673762 22559748 1280190
20.6 39.6 2.3
Revenue water 5824570 31955740 34707619
71.8 56.1 63.1
Non-revenue water 2290952 25002510 20313112
28.2 43.9 36.9

Authorised consumption 77.2 56.8 66.2

Uncertainity in calculations 35% 25% 32%

Conclusions from water balance School of Science, Engineering &
Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

LOW Authorised consumption levels

HUGE uncertainty in the calculated values

Everyone AGREES about the need for information and uncertainty levels
BUT still the willingness to upgrade the information is LOW……….
Data ne eds to be strengthe ne d for:
Sup p lies f ro m rid ers

Sup p lies f ro m st and p o st s

Pressure in t he syst em

B reak up o f co nsump t io n

Wat er sup p lied f ro m t he t ub ewells

Illeg al co nnect io ns and co nsump t io n

Financial assessment points School of Science, Engineering
Faculty of&Science
Information Technology
and Technology
(Bhopal)

Trend of Salary Expenditure

2.7
Expenditure

2.47
2.2 2.05 2.45

1. 6 3
1. 9 9 Salary
Expenditure

Financial Year

Profit/Loss of Waterworks Department & the Municipality (In Rs. Crores)

Profit/Loss of BMC Profit/Loss of the Waterworks Department
Financial Year
1999-00 +7.40 -4.23
2000-01 +15.70 -10.90
2001-02 –2.09 -12.44

2002-03 –1.04 -14.75

2003-04 +1.20 -8.87
2004-05 (Revised) –27.64 -22.28
2005-06 (Projected) – 28.90 -20.52
 School of Science, Engineering &
Financial assessment points Bhopal Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

1999-00
2003-04
13%
25% 2%
11%
23% 2%

60%

64%

Salaries
Maintenance
Public Health Department
Miscellaneous
 School of Science, Engineering &
The numbers ! Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

at the raw water source 100 units

water reaching consumers 60 units

units of water billed for 60 units

revenue realisation 24 units

if we are supplying at 1/4 the costs units actually realised 6 units

 School of Science, Engineering &
Assume 20 % Losses in Gwalior Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

Losses: 10.6 million KL/year

1 medium
sized dam
each year
 School of Science, Engineering
Institutional analysis points Faculty of&Science
Information Technology
and Technology

(Bhopal)
Strengths
Institutional and Governance
-Positive attitude of Mayor
towards innovative
approaches
-Support of competent
authorities and politicians
-High literacy among
consumers
Weaknesses
-Political interference
-Poor motivation of field workers
-Low skill training of staff
-Long procedure for any sanction
-Lack of coordination amongst
different authorities
-Multiplicity of authorities in water
works
Opportunities
-Being capital of state, senior
level co-ordination available
-UUWSEIP project aiming at
reforms
-Reforms high on state and
central government agenda
Threats
-Political interference
-Low stability of tenure of officials on
important posts
-Unauthorized connections
-Non cooperation from public
HENCE School of Science, Engineering &
Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

Its not a problem of water scarcity !

The problem is marked by inadequate

application, infrastructure …….

knowledge &
will and
capacity
direction
The current state of affairs is infact a CRISIS OF GOVERNANCE !!!
 School of Science, Engineering &
Vicious cycle Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

Poor services

Low Willingness
Low level to Pay
Ineffective Equilibrium
management
Poor revenue
collection

Poor capital
investment
 School of Science, Engineering &
Information
Faculty of Science Technology
and Technology

Strategies for
Water demand management