LESSON 3

Information Technology as a Whole

 Information security
 Database and network management
 Computer technical support
 Business software development

Stages of Information Literacy

 Identifying/recognizing information needs
 Determining sources of information
 Locating or searching for information
 Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
 Organizing, storing or archiving information
 Using information n an ethical, efficient and effective way
 Creating and communicating new knowledge

Types of Media
 Print Media (Newspaper, Magazines) - consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally
mechanical.
 Broadcast Media (TV, Radio) - reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium.
 Digital (New) Media - content organized and distributed on digital platforms
 Outdoor or Out of Home (OOH) Media
 Internet

Media Convergence using the following definitions:

 The co-existence of traditional and new media.
 The co-existence of print media, broadcast media (radio and television), the Internet, mobile phones, as well as others,
allowing media content to flow across various platforms.
 The ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices (ex. from
the personal computer to the mobile phone), thus creating a digital communication environment

Media Information Sources

 Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the
trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information.
 Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy
varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to
the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and presented
 Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions.
 Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on
through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject
matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject.
 Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. While
a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may
become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other information may be
timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.

Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues in Media Information

 Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish
and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive
payment for that reproduction. An author may grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording
companies. Violation of a copyright is called infringement.
 Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without
authorization; the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author.
 Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place online, or using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets
over communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites. Examples of cyber bullying: text
messages or emails composed to insult or demean; rumors or false statements spread by email or posted on social
networking sites; and humiliating photos, videos, websites, or fake profiles deliberately shared across social media.
 Computer addiction - the excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This excessive use may
for example interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and
thought processes.
 Digital divide - an economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT. The divide within
countries (such as the digital divide in the United States) can refer to inequalities between individuals, households,
businesses, and geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and other demographic) levels. The Global digital divide
designates countries as the units of analysis, and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an
international scale.