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Summary 1,2 & 3
Summary 1,2 & 3
Summary 1,2&3
An Assignment
Presented in Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
PSYC 269-01 History and Systems of Psychology
By
Shakiel Gibbons
23 January 2020
Approval………………….
Summary 1
psychic phenomena and treating emotional disorders that involves treatment sessions during which
the patient is encouraged to talk freely about personal experiences and especially about early
childhood and dreams” (Merriam-Webster,2018). This brief paper will be discussing why
The psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud between can be described as
a form of therapy or treatment for mental health disorders. Psychoanalysis theorizes that human
personality can be divided into two parts: the conscious and unconscious mind. When the
unconscious conflicts become too intense and the defense mechanisms are too restrictive, the
(Historicengland.org.uk, 2018). During the renaissance period, mentally ill patients were
diagnosed from a religious perspective. As a result, many people were wrongfully diagnosed by
practitioners causing them to suffer miserably with a condition that was of a psychological nature.
The entrance of psychoanalysis revealed human ailments transcends the physical realm and can be
of a mental origin.
mechanisms. Psychoanalysis attempts to help the individual identify the source of their
psychological distress and utilize more appropriate defenses that allow mature expression of those
2
desires.
Moreover, psychoanalysis proposes that the human psyche is comprised of three parts the
ID (eating sex aggression and shiny things it's instinctual and impulsive no morality), the ego
(make sense of all the information and gives a final decision about how you should behave) and
super-ego (which tells you what's right and wrong based on what you've learned to be socially
acceptable).
Psychoanalysis shows that there is an internal struggle going on within the minds of those
that are mentally disturbed. It redefined illnesses and proved ailments can go beyond the carnal.
illness would still be largely skewed. The method of treatment might have very well been that
3
Reference
Mental illness in the 16th and 17th centuries. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2018, from
https://historicengland.org.uk/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/1485-1660/mental-
illness-in-the-16th-and-17th-centuries/
webster.com/dictionary/psychoanalysis
4
Summary 2
Cognitive psychology and neuroscience rely on each other like plants and air. According
to Lu & Dosher, “cognitive psychology is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is,
all our mental abilities – perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and
understanding” (Lu & Dosher, n.d). On the other hand, neuroscience is defined by
Psychologycareercenter.org as, “…the study of the human nervous system, how the nervous
systems work, how it is structured and how it develops” (Center, 2018). This paper will discuss
psychologist seeks to understand how the brain executes cognitive processes. The execution of a
cognitive process takes place on a neurological level where observation of the chemical and
biological processes aids in understanding the brain and nervous system. At this juncture,
neuroscience has entered the picture since, anything we do, feel, see, believe, or react to, has its
origins in the neurons of the brain. By understanding what transpires within the mind when a
process is in motion, researchers can gain a better understanding of the mind and its vast network.
In addition, cognitive psychology helps researchers to look at the different area of the brain
that is affected by drug and alcohol use, Alzheimer’s disease and other degenerative conditions.
For example, a person that suffers from dyslexia would need a researcher to study the left temporal
lobe in the brain that controls language, which lies just behind the ear. Neuroscience now looks at
the brain regions and studies how it responds to specific social and cultural cues.
Ultimately, the information garnered, provided cognitive and neuropsychologist with the
5
Reference
Center, P. C. (2018, April 05). What is Neuroscience? Retrieved September 30, 2018, from
https://www.psychologycareercenter.org/what-is-neuroscience.html
Lu, Z., & Dosher, B. A. (n.d.). Cognitive psychology. Retrieved September 30, 2018, from
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Cognitive_psychology
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Summary 3
According to McLeod, S, “psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour”
(McLeod, 1970).
Like water, psychology also can appear in different forms according to South-Eastern
University, they are ten forms of psychology including; clinical, cognitive, health, developmental,
Psychology allows people to understand more about how the body and mind work together.
without psychology, we are unable to learn about others and ourselves. Simple acts like how we
behave, how we react to situations, and how we perform daily tasks would be unexplained. For
example, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology would reveal what transpires when we speak.
According to Science Museum, “we now know that there is a complex network between the areas
of your brain that were originally thought to control speaking (Broca's area) and understanding
words (Wernicke's area). About half of the brain is involved in the understanding and production
of language. When you speak a word that you have read or heard, the message goes to the parts of
your brain concerned with seeing or hearing, and then to both language areas before an instruction
is sent to other areas concerned with the movement of the tongue and lips” (museum, 2010).
Psychology here helps us to understand the cognitive function and neurological networks,
it provides doctors with a better understanding of mental ailments and how to proceed with the
Psychology on a whole has had significant impacts upon our societies worldwide, with its
entrance and acceptance into our civilization, notable improvements can be seen in our education
7
Reference
degrees/behavioral-social-sciences/10-types-of-psychologists/
McLeod, S. (1970, January 01). Saul McLeod. Retrieved September 30, 2018, from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/whatispsychology.html
Museum, S. (2010, April 19). How do you speak? Retrieved September 30, 2018, from
http://whoami.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourbrain/whatisspecialabouthumanl
anguage/howdoesyourbraincontrollanguage/howdoyouspeak