Hitendra Kumar MALIK

Address for Correspondence:

Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
New Delhi – 110 016, INDIA

Telephone numbers: +91-11-2659-1303 (O), 2051-4221 (R)

Fax numbers: +91-11-2658-1114, 2037, 2277
E-mail: hkmalik@physics.iitd.ac.in &
hkmalik@hotmail.com

Date of Birth: December 05, 1970

Nationality: INDIAN

Affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Position: Associate Professor

Fields of interest: Particle Acceleration using Lasers and Microwaves; Microwave-

Plasma Interaction (ITER Applications); Solitary Waves & Instabilities
in Space related Plasmas, Negative Ion and Dusty Plasmas; Hall
Thrusters; THz Generation; Plasma Etching; Photovoltaic
Applications; Nanosturctures

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.): Year: 1995
Major Field: Plasma Physics “Analytical Investigations on Ion
Acoustic Solitons in Relativistic and Nonrelativistic
Plasmas”
Institution: Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.) Delhi, India

Master of Science (M. Sc.): Year: 1990

Major Subject: Physics (Specialization in Electronics)
Institution: Meerut University, India
Rank (% Marks): First (70%)

Bachelor of Science (B. Sc.): Year: 1988

Subjects: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Institution: Meerut University, India
Rank (% Marks): First (75%)

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 AWARDS / HONOURS /ACHIEVEMENTS

11) Erasmus Mundus Visiting Fellow by the Government of FRANCE. Year: 2011.

10) Inclusion of Name in Marquis Who’s Who in the World 2011 (28th Edition), USA.
Year: 2010.

9) Erasmus Mundus Visiting Fellow by the Government of GERMANY. Year: 2010.

8) Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (D.A.A.D.) Fellowship Award by the

Government of GERMANY. Year: 2007.

7) Career Award by the All India Council of Technical Education, Government of

INDIA. Year: 2005.

6) Young Scientist Project awarded by the Department of Science and Technology,

Government of INDIA. Year: 2003.

5) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (J.S.P.S.) Postdoctoral Fellowship

awarded by Government of JAPAN. Year: 2000.

4) Foundation for Research Development (F.R.D.) Fellowship awarded by

Government of SOUTH – AFRICA. Year: 1997.

3) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (J.S.P.S.) Fellowship for Visiting
Professors awarded by Government of JAPAN. Year: 1995.

2) Senior Research Fellowship (S.R.F.) at I.I.T. Delhi, INDIA. Year: 1993 - 1995.

1) Merit Scholarships at High school, Intermediate, B. Sc. and M. Sc. standards

PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION

Editorial Board Member

The Open Plasma Physics Journal published by Bentham Science Publisher, U.S.A.

Editorial Board Member

Journal of Physics, Astrophysics and Physical Cosmology published by Scientific Journals
International, U.S.A.

Expert Member
Environment Subsection of “International Society for Food Agriculture and
Environment (I.S.F.A.E.)” FINLAND

Chair
Technical Session “Environment and Science & Technology” at International conference
“I.C.E.D.C.O.” held at University of Delhi, INDIA (2005)

Guest-of-Honour
National Seminar on Applications of Recent Advances in Science and Technology
(ARASAT-2011) held at DCE Farrukhnagar, INDIA (2011)

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Review Committee Member
2) National Conference on Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics
(N.C.A.A.M.N.P.) held at Ghaziabad, INDIA (2009)
1) International Conference on Laser Applications and Optical Metrology
(I.C.L.A.O.M.) held at New Delhi, INDIA (2003)

Organizing / Advisory Committee Member

6) National Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics
(NCAMCP), to be held at Hindu College Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA (2012)
5) National Workshop on Computational Science, held at New Delhi, INDIA (2010)
4) National Conference on Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics
(NCAAMNP) held at MMH College Ghaziabad, INDIA (2009)
3) International Conference on Biodiversity, Environment and Sustainability:
Challenges for Future, held at Delhi University, New Delhi, INDIA (2008)
2) International Conference on Laser Applications and Optical Metrology
(I.C.L.A.O.M.) held at IIT Delhi, New Delhi, INDIA (2003)
1) National Symposium on Nanostructured Materials held at IIT Delhi, New Delhi,
INDIA (2002)

Talks Given in India and Abroad

20) A Comparative Study of Terahertz Radiation Generation by Beating of Two Spatial-Gaussian /
Super-Gaussian Lasers at 53rd Annual Meeting of the Division of the APS Division of
Plasma Physics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Nov 17, 2011

19) Fascinating Nonlinear Structures in Plasmas at University of Henry Poincare Nancy,

FRANCE. June 24, 2011

18) Electromagnetic Waves and Plasma Interaction: Wakefield Excitation and Particle
Acceleration at University of Henry Poincare Nancy, FRANCE. June 22, 2011

17) Terahertz Radiation through Tunnel Ionization of a Gas by Two Superposed Laser Pulses at
University of Henry Poincare Nancy, FRANCE. June 09, 2011

16) Microwave and Plasma Interaction: Application to ITER at Institute of Plasmaforschung,

Stuttgart University, GERMANY. May 15, 2011.

15) Plasma and Waves: Introduction and Methodology at National Seminar on Applications
of Recent Advances in Science and Technology (ARASAT-2011) held at DCE
Farrukhnagar, Haryana, INDIA. February 19, 2011.

14) Plasma based Terahertz Radiation Generation at Stuttgart University, GERMANY.

December 8, 2010.

13) Terahertz Radiation: Introduction, Application and Generation at Solid State Physics
Laboratory, Delhi, INDIA. January, 21, 2010.

12) On Education System in India at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN. December 21, 2009.

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11) Microwave Generated Wakefield in Plasmas at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN.
December 15, 2009.

10) Plasma and Solitary Waves: Introduction and Methodology at National Conference on
Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics (NCAAMNP) MMH College
Ghaziabad , Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. November 06, 2009.

9) Waste Reduction and Environment Protection by Plasma based Technologies at International

Conference on Biodiversity, Environment and Sustainability: Challenges for Future,
Delhi University, New Delhi, INDIA. September 05, 2008.

8) Soliton Reflection in Magnetized Plasmas at Stuttgart University, GERMANY.

December 16, 2007.

7) Particle Acceleration by Microwaves in Waveguides at POSTECH, SOUTH KOREA.

August 22, 2007.

6) State of Education in India at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN. July 27, 2007.

5) What Does Electron Mass Contribute to Soliton Propagation in Weakly Relativistic Plasmas?
at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN. July 07, 2006.

4) Soliton Reflection in Magnetized Plasmas containing Negative Ions at Utsunomiya

University, JAPAN. July 06, 2006.

3) Soliton Propagation in Weakly Relativistic Plasmas at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN.

July 05, 2006.

2) Plasma and Propagation of Modes at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN. July 04, 2006.

1) Laser Plasma Interaction: Electron Acceleration at Utsunomiya University, JAPAN. June

23, 2006.

REVIEWERSHIP / REFEREESHIP
Journals
19) Physics Letters A of Elsevier, U.S.A.
18) Journal of Applied Physics of American Institute of Physics, U.S.A.
17) Physics of Plasmas of American Institute of Physics, U.S.A.
16) Plasma Sources Science and Technology of Institute of Physics, U.K.
15) Physical Review Special Topics: Accelerators and Beams of American Physical
Society, U.S.A.
14) Laser and Particle Beams of Cambridge University Press, U.S.A.
13) Journal of Optics of Optical Society of India, INDIA
12) Fizika A of Croatian Physical Society, ZAGREB
11) Journal of Physics: Conference Series of Institute of Physics, U.K.
10) The Open Plasma Physics Journal of Bentham Science Publisher, U.S.A.
9) Indian National Science Academy (I.N.S.A.) Proceedings of INDIA

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8) Energies of MDPI Publishing, Basel, SWITZERLAND
7) Indian Journal of Physics, Springer, INDIA
6) Journal of Physics, Astrophysics and Physical Cosmology, SJI, U.S.A.
5) International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology, Hindawi Publishing
Corporation, U.S.A. and EGYPT
4) Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, NISCAIR, INDIA
3) Advances in Space Research of Elsevier, U.S.A.
2) Journal of King Saud University (Science) of Elsevier, U.S.A.
1) IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, IEEE, U.S.A.

National Level Research Agency

1) Department of Science and Technology (D.S.T.), Government of INDIA.

ACADEMIC RESPONSIBILITIES AT I.I.T. DELHI

11) Member, Faculty Search Committee

10) Convener, Physics Society
9) Incharge, Social Functions
8) Departmental Nominee, Alumni Affairs
7) Reports & Brochures Coordinator
6) Course Advisor for B.Tech. (E.P.) Students
5) Moderation Committee Member for revision of M.Sc. Syllabus in view of J.A.M.
Syllabus & examination
4) Question Paper Setter for Technical Assistants
3) Simulation Facility at Plasma Waves and Particle Acceleration Lab
2) Writeoff Committee Member
1) Representative for Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (G.A.T.E.) and Joint
Entrance Examination (J.E.E.)

Ph. D. THESES EXAMINERSHIP

4) Electronic Structure of Cr-V and Cr-Mo Alloys from Bundelkhand University Jhansi,
INDIA. By Vikram Singh Yadav. Year: 2000
3) Investigations on Soliton Propagation Chracteristics in Pair Plasmas from Agra
University Agra, INDIA. By Krishan Pal Singh Teotia. Year: 2011
2) Simulation of Surface Plasmon Wave Propagation in Nanostructures from Sant
Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, INDIA. By Jagmeet
Singh. Year: 2011
1) The Study of Vitamin D Molecule from C.C.S. University Meerut, INDIA. By
Ravindra Kumar. Year: 2011

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 THESES SUPERVISED
(A) Ph.D. Theses Supervision:
Completed: SEVEN
7) Investigations on Inductively Coupled Plasma Interaction with Compound
Semiconductor Materials for Etching Applications. By Dipendra Singh Rawal. Pre-
Ph.D. seminar conducted on March 13, 2012; Thesis to be submitted on May 12, 2012.
6) Plasma based THz Radiation Generation and Its Tunability. By Anil Kumar Malik.
2012. Thesis submitted
5) Investigations on Soliton Characteristics in Inhomogeneous Magnetized Plasmas
having Trapped Electrons. By Ravinder Kumar. 2012. Thesis submitted
4) Investigations on Microwave and Plasma Interaction in Waveguides. By Anil Kumar
Aria. Year: 2010
3) Soliton Reflection in Magnetized Plasmas Containing Negative Ions. By Dhananjay
Kumar Singh. Year: 2009
2) Electromagnetic Waves and Plasma Interaction in View of Particle Acceleration. By
Sandeep Kumar. Year: 2007
1) Effect of Electron Inertia on Nonlinear Solitary Waves (Solitons) in Relativistic
Plasmas. By Khushvant Singh. Co-Supervisor: Dr. Vinod Kumar. Year: 2005

Ongoing: FIVE
5) Analytical and Numerical Investigations on Hall Thrusters. By Sukhmander Singh.
4) Instabilities and Solitary Wave Propagation in Magnetized Plasmas under Ionization
Effect. By Jyoti.
3) Designing and Simulation of Microwave Plasma Interaction Experiment for the
Application of Particle Acceleration. By Sanjay Kumar Tomar.
2) Amorphous Carbon for Photovoltaic Applications and Its Characterization for
Electrical, Optical and Mechanical Properties. By Neeraj Dwivedi. Co-supervisor: Dr.
S. Kumar, NPL, New Delhi.
1) Studies of Nanostructures and Thin Films. By Parmod Kumar.

(B) M.Sc. Theses Supervision:

Completed: TWELVE
12) Terahertz Radiation Generation: Effect of Laser Pulse Profile. By Aditya Singh
Mehra. Year: 2011
11) Solution of KdV Equation having Additional Density Gradient Term. By Debabrat
Chandra. Year: 2011
10) Propagating and Non-propagating Modes in Inhomogeneous Plasmas. By Yogesh
Kumar Meena. Year: 2010
9) Waves and Instabilities in Magnetized Plasmas. By Das Sudhir Kumar. Year: 2009

6
8) Studies on High Voltage Discharge and Its Modeling. By Magesh Kumar K.K. Year:
2008
7) Contribution of Discharge/Ionization to Soliton Propagation in Magnetized Plasmas.
By Md. Golam Masud. Year: 2008
6) Contribution of Electron Temperature to Wake Field Excited by a Laser Pulse. By
Abdullah Md. Latif. Year: 2007
5) Studies on Order of Perturbation for Soliton Evolution in Magnetized Plasmas. By
Sushanta K. Mondal. Year: 2007
4) Methods of Solving KdV Equation in Inhomogeneous Plasmas. By Rajeev Ranjan.
Year: 2006
3) Role of Plasma Density Inhomogeneity on the Interaction of Particle with the
Fundamental Mode in a Rectangular Waveguide. By Apar Jain. Year: 2005
2) Modes in Plasma Filled Waveguide. By Sudheer Kumar Jawla. Year: 2004. Appreciated
by Dr. Kurt Appert, Dy Director, CRPP, EPFL, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND
1) On Stretched Coordinates for the Stability of Ion Acoustic Solitons in Plasmas. By
Sushil Kumar Rajpurohit. Year: 2004

Ongoing: ONE
1) Investigations on Micro-gap Discharges. By Jyoti Sakya.

(C) B.Tech. Theses Supervision

Completed: NINE
9) Analytical and Numerical Investigations on Microwave and Plasma Interaction. By
Priyankar. Year: 2011

8) THz Radiation Generation by Beating of Two Laser Beams in Plasma. By Munir

Contractor and Sayan Haldar. Year: 2011
7) Simulation of Particle Acceleration by Microwave in a Plasma filled Waveguide. P.
Sridatta. Year: 2011
6) On Interaction of Solitary Waves in Plasmas. By Akash K Bhargava and Himanshu
Gautam. Year: 2010
5) Simulations Studies on Hall Thrusters. By Narendra Kumar Joshi and Aakash
Khokher. Year: 2010
4) Hybrid Modes in Waveguides and Particle Acceleration. By Vikas Sarangal. Year:
2010
3) Resistive Instabilities in Hall Thruster. By Atul Kumar Singh and Amit Bijarnia. Year:
2008
2) High Power Microwave Transmission Through Partially Loaded Waveguides. By
Anurag Sharma and Avinash Kumar. Year: 2008
1) Analytical and Computational Studies on Soliton Propagation in Magnetized Plasma.
By Mahendra Kalosia. Year: 2006

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 Ongoing: TWO
2) Soliton Reflection in Plasma: Effect of Magnetic Field and Dust Charge Fluctuation.
By Amit Kumar Mor.
1) Investigation on Tunnel Ionization for THz Generation. By Saurabh Chaudhary and
Sushant Rawat.

(D) Design Lab Projects Supervision

Completed: FOUR
r r
4) Microwave and Plasma Interaction: v p × B Acceleration. By Amit Kumar Mor and
Swayam Suraj Nayak. Year: 2011
3) Simulation of High Voltage Discharge System and Designing of Electrodes for
Specific Inhomogeneous Plasma Generation. By Abhishek Kumar. Year: 2011
2) On Designing of Electrodes for High Voltage DC Discharge. By Arohi Jain. Year:
2010
1) Production of Plasma with a Density Gradient in a High Voltage Discharge with
Different Types of Electrodes. By Mohnal Kumar and Vikas Saren. Year: 2009

Ongoing: ONE
1) Designing of Langmuir Probes for Microwave Produced Plasmas. By Aditya
Khandelwal and Sadman Anwer.

(E) Mini Projects Supervision

Completed: TWO
2) Designing of a Low Noise Amplifier (LAN) in the MIC Configuration using P-HEMT
at C- band. By Amit Mor and Vikas Ahlawat. Year: 2011
1) Modeling of Our Social Interaction through Waves. By Himanshu Gautam. Year:
2010

(F) Self Study Course Supervision

Completed: ONE
1) Manual for Electromagnetic Waves and Plasma Interaction in View of Particle
Acceleration. By Ankur Chaudhary. Year: 2008

TEXT BOOK WRITTEN

1) ENGINEERING PHYSICS by Hitendra K. Malik and A.K. Singh, Publisher:
McGraw Hill (2009).

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 SPONSORED RESEARCH PROJECTS
Completed: SIX

6) Large Amplitude Solitary Waves and Instabilities in Magnetized Plasmas: Analytical

and Numerical Investigations. Agency: C.S.I.R., Govt. of India. Amount: Rs. 9.77
Lakhs. Duration: 3 Years.
5) Studies on Ionization Effects on Soliton Propagation in Magnetized Plasmas. Agency:
D.S.T., Govt. of India. Amount: Rs. 10 Lakhs. Duration: 3 Years.
4) What Does Magnetic Field Contribute to Soliton Propagation and Reflection in
Plasmas? Agency: A.I.C.T.E., Govt. of India. Amount: Rs. 10.50 Lakhs. Duration:
3 Years.
3) Contribution of Electron Inertia to Nonlinear Solitary Waves in Relativistic Plasma
and Reflection of Solitons. Agency: I.R.D., I.I.T. Delhi, India. Amount: Rs. 1 Lakh.
Duration: 1 Year.
2) Studies on Microwave-Plasma Interaction. Agency: I.R.D., I.I.T. Delhi, India.
Amount: Rs. 5 Lakhs. Duration: 3 Years.
1) New Techniques for Energy Gain and Particle Acceleration in Waveguides by
Microwaves. Agency: D.S.T., Govt. of India. Amount: Rs. 4.02 Lakhs. Duration: 3
Years.

Ongoing: ONE

International Project

1) Plasma based THz Generation using Femtosecond Lasers. Agency: D.S.T., Govt. of
India and D.A.A.D. Govt. of GERMANY. Amount: Rs. 5.84 Lakhs. Duration: 2 Years.

LIST OF RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

Published
(a) In Journals
Independent Publications
79. H.K. Malik, "Analytical Calculation of Wakefield Generated by Microwave Pulses in a
Plasma-filled Waveguide for Electron Acceleration" Journal of Applied Physics (2008)
104, 053308.

78. H.K. Malik, "Soliton Reflection in Magnetized Plasma: Effect of ion Temperature and
Nonisothermal Electrons" Physics of Plasmas (2008) 15, 072105.

77. H.K. Malik, " Oscillating Two Stream Instability of a Plasma Wave in a Negative Ion
containing Plasma with Hot and Cold Positive Ions" Laser and Particle Beams (2007)
25, 397.

9
76. H.K. Malik, "Magnetic Field Contribution to Soliton Propagation and Reflection in an
Inhomogeneous Plasma" Physics Letters A (2007) 365, 224.
75. H.K. Malik, "Application of Obliquely Interfering TE10 Modes for Electron Energy
Gain" Optics Communications (2007) 278, 387.
74. H.K. Malik, "Effect of Plasma Density on Proton Acceleration in a Rectangular
Waveguide" Plasma Science and Technology (2004) 6, 2456.
73. H.K. Malik, "Energy Gain by an Electron in the Fundamental Mode of a Rectangular
Waveguide by Microwave Radiation" Journal of Plasma Physics (2003) 69, 59.
72. H.K. Malik, "Effect of Electron Inertia on KP Solitons in a Relativistic Plasma" Physica
D (1999) 125, 295.
71. H.K. Malik, "Ion Acoustic Solitons in a Weakly Relativistic Magnetized Warm Plasma"
Physical Review E (1996) 54, 5844.
70. H.K. Malik, "Ion Acoustic Solitons in a Relativistic Warm Plasma With Density
Gradient" IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (1995) 23, 813.

Joint Publications
69. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar and H. K. Malik, Role of Ex-situ Oxygen Plasma Treatments
on The Mechanical and Optical Properties of Diamond-like Carbon Thin Films.
Materials Chemistry and Physics (2012) Proof corrected.
68. P. Kumar, J. P. Singh, Y. Kumar, A. Gaur, H. K. Malik and K. Asokan, “Investigation
of Phase Segregation in Zn1-xMgxO Systems” Current Applied Physics (2012) Proof
corrected.

67. A.K. Malik, H.K. Malik and U. Stroth, "THz Radiation Generation by Beating of two
spatial-Gaussian Lasers in the Presence of Static Magnetic Field " Physical Review E
(2012) 85, 016401.

66. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar, and H. K. Malik, “ Studies of pure and nitrogen-incorporated

hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films and their possible application for
amorphous silicon solar cells” Journal of Applied Physics (2012) 111, 014908.

65. R. Malik, H.K. Malik and S.C. Kaushik, "Soliton Propagation in a Moving Electron-
positron Pair Plasma having Negatively Charged Dust Grains” Physics of Plasmas
(2012) 19 032107.
64. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar and H. K. Malik, Oxygen Modified Diamond-Like Carbon as
Window Layer for Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells, Solar Energy (2012) 86, 220.

63. R. Kumar, H.K. Malik and K. Singh, "Effect of Dust Charging and Trapped Electrons
on Nonlinear Density Structures in an Inhomogeneous Magnetized Plasma" Physics
of Plasmas (2012) 19, 012114.

62. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar and H. K. Malik, Sreekumar C., Saurabh Dayal, C. M. S.

Rauthan, O. S. Panwar, Investigation of Properties of Cu Containing DLC Films
Produced by PECVD Process”, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (2012)
73, 308.
61. H.K. Malik and A.K. Malik "Tunable and Collimated Terahertz Radiation Generation
by Femtosecond Laser Pulses" Applied Physics Letters (2011) 99, 251101. Selected

10
 for January 2012 Issue of Virtual Journal of Ultrafast Science.
http://www.vjultrafast.org

60. H.K. Malik and S. Singh, "Conditions and Growth Rate of Rayleigh Instability in a
Hall Thruster under the Effect of Ion Temperature" Physical Review E (2011) 83,
036406.

59. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar, H. K. Malik, C. M. S. Rauthan, O. S. Panwar, “Influence of

Bonding Environment on Nano-mechanical Properties of Nitrogen containing
Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Thin Films, Materials Chemistry and Physics
(2011) 130, 775.
58. F. Aziz, H.K. Malik, S. Enge, L. Stollenwerk and U. Stroth, "Experimental and
Simulation Studies on Soliton Generation in a Double Plasma Device: Role of Fast
Ions" Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion (2011) 53, 065012.
57. A.K. Malik, H.K. Malik and U. Stroth, "Strong Terahertz Radiation by Beating of
Spatial-triangular Lasers in a Plasma" Applied Physics Letters (2011) 99, 071107.
Selected for September 2011 Issue of Virtual Journal of Ultrafast Science.
http://www.vjultrafast.org

56. S. Singh and H.K. Malik, "Growth of Low Frequency Electrostatic and
Electromagnetic Instabilities in a Hall Thruster" IEEE Transactions on Plasma
Science (2011) 39, 1910.
55. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar, R. K. Tripathi, H. K. Malik, O. S. Panwar, “Field Emission,
Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Variety of Diamond-like Carbon Thin
Films, Applied Physics A (2011) 105, 417.
54. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar and H. K. Malik, “Nanostructured titanium/diamond-like
carbon multilayer films: deposition, characterization and applications”, ACS
Applied Materials and Interfaces 2011, DOI 10.1021/am200939j.
53. A.K. Malik, H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida, "Terahertz Radiation Generation by Beating
of Two Spatial Gaussian Lasers" Physics Letters A (2011) 375, 1191.
52. Md. K. Al-Hassan, M. Starodubtsev, H.K. Malik, N. Yugami and Y. Nishida "Ion
Acoustic Wave Streamers Excited by a Resonantly Signal Biased Mesh Antenna in an
Inhomogeneous Plasma" IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2011) 39, 1927.
51. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar, H. K. Malik, Govind, C. M. S. Rauthan, O. S. Panwar,
“Correlation of sp3 and sp2 Fraction of Carbon with Electrical, Optical and Nano-
mechanical Properties of Argon-diluted Diamond-like Carbon Films” Applied
Surface Science (2011) 257, 6804.
50. R. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Nonlinear Solitary Structures in an Inhomogeneous
Magnetized Plasma having Trapped Electrons and Dust Particles with Different
Polarity" Journal of The Physical Society of Japan (2011) 80, 044502.
49. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar, H. K. Malik, C. M. S. Rauthan, O. S. Panwar, “Role of
Sandwich Cu Layer in and Effect of Self Bias on Nanomechanical Properties of
Copper/Diamond-like Carbon Bi-layer Films, ISRN Nanotechnology (2011) 1, 2011
(Article ID 846187).
48. F. Aziz, H.K. Malik and U. Stroth, "Soliton Propagation, Reflection, and Transmission
in an Inhomogeneous Plasma with Trapped Electrons" Physics of Plasmas (2011) 18,
042304.

11
47. N. Dwivedi, S. Kumar and H. K. Malik, “Effect of Doping, Interlayers and
Indentation Loads on The Mechanical Properties of Diamond-like Carbon Thin
Films”, Applied Surface Science (2011) 257, 9953.
46. D. S. Rawal, A. Kapoor, H. S. Sharma, B.K. Sehgal and H. K. Malik, “A Highly
Selective Low Pressure Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching Process for GaAs using
Photoresist Mask” The Open Plasma Physics Journal (2011) 4, 34.
45. S. Singh and H.K. Malik, "Resistive Instabilities in a Hall Thruster under the
Presence of Collisions and Thermal Motion of Electrons" The Open Plasma Physics
Journal (2011) 4, 16.
44. R. Kumar, H.K. Malik and S. Kawata, "Soliton Reflection in a Plasma with Trapped
Electrons: Effect of Dust Concentration" Physica D (2011) 240, 310.
43. D.S. Rawal, B.K. Sehgal, R. Muralidharan, and H.K. Malik, " An Experimental Study
on the Influence of Process Pressure and Gas Composition on GaAs Etch
Characteristics in Cl2/BCl3 based Inductively Coupled Plasma" Plasma Science and
Technology (2011) 13, 223.
42. R. Malik, H.K. Malik and S.C. Kaushik, "Propagating and Growing Modes in a Pair-
Ion Plasma" Indian Journal of Physics (2011) 85, 1887.

41. F. Aziz, H.K. Malik and U. Stroth, "Oblique Reflection of Solitons in an

Inhomogeneous Plasma: Effect of Trapped Electrons" IEEE Transactions on Plasma
Science (2010) 38, 452.
40. D.S. Rawal, V.R. Agarwal, H.S. Sharma, B.K. Sehgal, R. Muralidharan, and H.K.
Malik, "Study of Inductively Coupled Cl2/BCl3 Plasma Process for High Etch Rate
Selective Etching of Via-holes in GaAs " Vacuum (2010) 85, 452.
39. H.K. Malik and A.K. Aria, "Microwave and Plasma Interaction in a Rectangular
Waveguide: Effect of Ponderomotive Force" Journal of Applied Physics (2010) 108,
013109.
38. A.K. Malik, H.K. Malik and S. Kawata, "Investigations on THz Radiation Generated
by Two Superposed Femtosecond Laser Pulses" Journal of Applied Physics (2010)
107, 113105. Selected for July 2010 Issue of Virtual Journal of Ultrafast
Science. http://www.vjultrafast.org
37. H.K. Malik, R. Kumar and K.E. Lonngren, "Effect of Ion Temperature on Soliton
Reflection in a Magnetized Positive Ion-Negative Ion Plasma with Two Types of
Electrons" IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2010) 38, 1073.
36. D.K. Singh, and H.K. Malik, “ Effect of Trapped Electrons on Soliton Energy in an
Inhomogeneous Magnetized Multicomponent Plasma” Journal of Physics:
Conference Series (2010) 208, 012504.
35. H.K. Malik, D.K. Singh, and Y. Nishida, “On Reflection of Solitary Waves in a
magnetized Multicomponent Plasma with Nonisothermal Electrons” Physics of
Plasmas (2009) 12, 072112.
34. R. Kumar, S.K. Mondal and H.K. Malik, “Investigations on Different Modes in a
Magnetized Plasma having Positive Ions and Electrons with Density Gradient”
Journal of The Korean Physical Society (2009) 54, 1547.

12
33. A.K. Aria, H.K. Malik and K.P. Singh "Excitation of Wakefield in a Rectangular
Waveguide: Comparative Study with Different Microwave Pulses" Laser and Particle
Beams (2009) 27, 41
32. A. K. Aria and H.K. Malik, “Numerical Studies on Wakefield Excited by Gaussian-like
Microwave Pulses in a Plasma Filled Waveguide” Optics Communications (2009)
282, 423.
31. A. K. Aria and H.K. Malik, “Wakefield Generation in a Plasma-filled Rectangular
Waveguide” The Open Plasma Physics Journal (2008) 1, 1.
30. K.P. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Collimated GeV Electrons from the Ionization of a Low
Density Gas by a Laser Pulse in an Intense Magnetic Field”, Applied Physics Letters
(2008) 93, 044101.
29. K.P. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Resonant enhancement of electron energy by frequency
chirp during laser acceleration in an azimuthal magnetic field in a plasma”, Laser
and Particle Beams (2008) 26, 363.
28. H.K. Malik, S. Kumar and K.P. Singh, "Electron Acceleration in a Rectangular
Waveguide filled with Unmagnetized Inhomogeneous Cold Plasma" Laser and
Particle Beams (2008) 26, 197.

27. H.K. Malik, K.P. Singh, S. Kawata, U. Stroth, D.K. Singh, V.K. Jain, Y. Nishida and Y.
Nejoh, “Reflection of Solitons at Critical Density of Negative Ions: Contribution of
Thermal and Gyratory Motions of Ions” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2008)
36, 738.
26. H.K. Malik and U. Stroth, “Nonlinear Solitary Waves in Inhomogeneous Magnetized
Warm Plasma with Negative Ions and Nonisothermal Electrons” Plasma Sources
Science and Technology (2008) 17, 035005.
25. A. K. Aria and H.K. Malik, “Studies on Waves and Instabilities in a Plasma Sheath
formed on the Outer Surface of Space Craft” Physics of Plasmas (2008) 15, 043501.
24. D.K. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Solitons in Inhomogeneous Magnetized Negative Ion
containing Plasma with Two Temperature Nonisothermal Electrons” IEEE
Transactions on Plasma Science (2008) 36, 462.
23. K.P. Singh, D.N. Gupta and H.K. Malik, “Effect of Laser Pulse Parameters and Initial
Phase on Acceleration of Electrons in acuum”, Physica Scripta (2008) 77, 045401.
22. D. K. Singh and H.K. Malik, "Studies on Soliton Energy at Critical and Noncritical
Density of Negative Ions in an Inhomogeneous Magnetized Warm Plasma" Physics
of Plasmas (2007) 14, 112103.
21. H. K. Malik and S. Kawata, "Soliton Propagation in an Inhomogeneous Plasma at
Critical Density of Negative Ions: Effects of Gyratory and Thermal Motions of Ions"
Physics of Plasmas (2007) 14, 102110.
20. H.K. Malik, S. Kumar and Y. Nishida, "Electron Acceleration by Laser produced Wake
Field: Pulse Shape Effect" Optics Communications (2007) 280, 417.
19. D. K. Singh and H.K. Malik, "Reflection of Nonlinear Solitary Waves (mKdV Solitons)
at Critical Density of Negative Ions in a Magnetized Cold Plasma" Plasma Physics
and Controlled Fusion (2007) 49, 1551.

13
18. H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida, "Reflection of an Ion Acoustic Soliton in a Finite Ion
Temperature Magnetized Plasma" IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2007) 35,
1046.
17. D. K. Singh and H.K. Malik, "Modified Korteweg-deVries Soliton Evolution at Critical
Density of Negative Ions in an Inhomogeneous Magnetized Cold Plasma" Physics of
Plasmas (2007) 14, 062113.
16. S. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Electron Acceleration in a Plasma Filled Rectangular
Waveguide under Obliquely Applied Magnetic Field" Journal of Plasma Physics
(2006) 72, 983.
15. S. Kumar, H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida "Wake Field Excitation and Electron
Acceleration by Triangular and Sawtooth Laser Pulses in a Plasma: An Analytical
Approach" Physica Scripta (2006) 74, 525.
14. D. K. Singh and H.K. Malik, "Soliton Reflection in a Negative Ion containing Plasma:
Effect of Magnetic Field and Ion Temperature" Physics of Plasmas, (2006) 13, 082104.
13. S. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Effect of Negative Ions on Oscillating Two Stream
Instability of a Laser driven Plasma Beat Wave in a Homogeneous Plasma” Physica
Scripta (2006) 74, 304.
12. H.K. Malik and K. Singh, "Small Amplitude Soliton Propagation in a Weakly
Relativistic Two-fluid Magnetized Plasma: Electron Inertia Contribution" IEEE
Transactions on Plasma Science (2005) 33, 1995.
11. S.K. Jawla, S. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Evaluation of Mode Fields in a Magnetized
Plasma Waveguide and Electron Acceleration" Optics Communications (2005) 251,
346.
10. K. Singh, V. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Electron Inertia Contribution to Soliton
Evolution in an Inhomogeneous Weakly Relativistic Two-fluid Plasma" Physics of
Plasmas (2005) 12, 072302.
9. K. Singh, V. Kumar and H.K. Malik, " Electron Inertia Effect on Small Amplitude
Solitons in a Weakly Relativistic Two-fluid Plasma" Physics of Plasmas (2005) 12,
052103.
8. H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida, "Studies on Modes in Weakly Relativistic Magnetized
Plasmas” Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research Series (2002) 5, 454.
7. H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida, "Effect of Magnetic Field and Plasma Density on
Nonlinear Solitary Waves in a Relativistic Plasma" Journal of Plasma and Fusion
Research Series (2001) 4, 514.
6. H.K. Malik and R. Bharuthram, "Small Amplitude Solitons in a Magnetized Dusty
Plasma with Two-Ion Species" Physics of Plasmas (1998) 5, 3560.
5. H.K. Malik, K.D. Tripathi and S.K. Sharma, "Dust Acoustic Solitons in a Magnetized
Dusty Plasma" Journal of Plasma Physics (1998) 60, 265.
4. S.S. Chauhan, H.K. Malik and R.P. Dahiya, "Reflection of Ion Acoustic Solitons in a
Plasma having Negative Ions" Physics of Plasmas (1996) 3, 3932.

14
3. H.K. Malik, S. Singh, and R.P. Dahiya, "Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Solitons in
Inhomogeneous Plasmas with Finite Temperature Drifting Ions" Physics Letters A
(1994) 195, 369.
2. H.K. Malik and R.P. Dahiya, "Ion Acoustic Solitons in Finite Ion Temperature
Inhomogeneous Plasmas having Negative Ions" Physics of Plasmas (1994) 1, 2872.
1. H.K. Malik, S. Singh and R.P. Dahiya, "Ion Acoustic Solitons in a Plasma with Finite
Temperature Drifting Ions: Limit on Ion Drift Velocity" Physics of Plasmas (1994) 1,
1137.

(b) In International Conferences

Independent Publications

39. H.K. Malik, "Wakefield Excited by Laser Pulses of Different Field Profiles:
Contribution of Electron Thermal Energy" 17th International Conference on
Advanced Laser Technology (ALT’09), Antalya, Turkey (2009) 148.
38. H.K. Malik, "Role of Plasma Density Inhomogeneity on the Interaction of Particle
with the Fundamental Mode in a Rectangular Waveguide" 6th International
Conference on Reactive Plasmas and 23rd Symposium on Plasma Processing
(ICRP-6/SPP-23), Matsushima/Sendai, Japan (2006) 121.
37. H.K. Malik, "Solitary Waves in Magnetized Inhomogeneous Space Plasma with
Drifting Ions" 12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams,
BEAMS'98, Haifa, Israel (1998) 385.

Joint Publications
36. H. K. Malik and Anil K. Malik, “A Comparative Study of Terahertz Radiation
Generation by Beating of Two Spatial-Gaussian / Super-Gaussian Lasers”” 53rd
Annual Meeting of the Division of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (Nov 14 - 18,
2011), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 291.
35. D. S. Rawal, H. Arora, V. R. Agarwal, A. Kapoor, S. Vinayak, B. K. Sehgal, R.
Muralidharan, D. Saha and H. K. Malik, “Cl2/Ar based Inductively Coupled Plasma
Etching of GaN/AlGaN Structure” 16th International Workshop on the Physics of
Semiconductor Devices, Kanpur, India (2011) 80.

34. A. K. Malik and H. K. Malik, ”Role of Phase Difference Between Superposing Lasers
and Magnetic Field for Efficient Terahertz Radiation Generation by Tunnel Ionization”
53rd Annual Meeting of the Division of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (Nov 14
- 18, 2011), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 364.
33. H.K. Malik and A. Malik, “Solitary Wave Structures in Inhomogeneous Magnetized
Plasma having Trapped Electrons and Dust Grains” 52nd Annual Meeting of The
American Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
(Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 112
32. A. Malik and H.K. Malik, “Solitary Wave Structures in Inhomogeneous Magnetized
Plasma having Trapped Electrons and Dust Grains” 52nd Annual Meeting of The

15
 American Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
(Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 112
31. R. Kumar, A.K. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Solitary Wave Structures in Inhomogeneous
Magnetized Plasma having Trapped Electrons and Dust Grains” 52nd Annual
Meeting of The American Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics, Chicago,
Illinois, USA (Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 112
30. H.K. Malik and A.K. Malik, “Generation of THz Radiation by Beating of Two
Gaussian Lasers” 52nd Annual Meeting of The American Physical Society-Division
of Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 230
29. S. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Study of Resistive Instability in a Hall Thruster” 52nd
Annual Meeting of The American Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics,
Chicago, Illinois, USA (Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 116
28. Jyoti and H.K. Malik, “Two Stream Instability in an Inhomogeneous Magnetized
Plasma” 52nd Annual Meeting of The American Physical Society-Division of
Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 121
27. A.K. Malik, H.K. Malik and U. Stroth, “Tunnel Ionization by Two Linearly Polarized
Lasers: Generation of THz Radiation” 52nd Annual Meeting of The American
Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Nov. 8 – 12,
2010). 236
26. S.K. Tomar and H.K. Malik, “Perturbed Density Patterns during Microwave and
Plasma Interaction in a Rectangular Waveguide” 52nd Annual Meeting of The
American Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
(Nov. 8 – 12, 2010). 239
25. S. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Rayleigh Instability in a Hall Thruster: Effect of Ion
Temperature and Magnetized Field” 52nd Annual Meeting of The American
Physical Society-Division of Plasma Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Nov. 8 – 12,
2010). 124
24. D.S. Rawal, V.R. Agrawal, H.S. Sharma, B.K. Sehgal and H.K. Malik, “Effect of Mask
Profile on Cl2/BCl3 based Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching of GaAs Via Holes”
15th International Workshop on Physics of Semiconductor Devices, New Delhi,
India (2009) 479.
23. A.K. Malik and H.K. Malik, “THz Generation by Two Superposed Short Laser
Pulses” 51st Annual Meeting of The Division of The APS Division of Plasma
Physics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (2009) 123.
22. A.K. Malik and H.K. Malik, "Production of THz Radiation by Short Laser Pulses via
Tunnel Ionization of a Gas under the Effect of External Magnetic Field" 17th
International Conference on Advanced Laser Technology (ALT’09), Antalya,
Turkey (2009) 113.
21. A.K. Malik and H.K. Malik, “Tunable THz Generation by Short Laser Pulses” 2nd
International Conference on Attosecond Physics – 2009, Kansas State University,
USA (2009) 48.
20. A.K. Singh, A. Aria and H.K. Malik, “Investigations on Characteristics of TE11 Mode
encountering Plasma in a Circular Waveguide” 36th International Conference on

16
 Plasma Science and 23rd Symposium on Fusion Engineering, San Diego, California,
USA (2009) 78.
19. D.K. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Slow Wave Solitons in a Multicomponent Magnetized
Inhomogeneous Plasma with Nonisothermal Electrons” 36th International
Conference on Plasma Science and 23rd Symposium on Fusion Engineering, San
Diego, California, USA (2009) 135.
18. D.S. Rawal, H.K. Malik, B.K. Sehgal and R. Muralidharan “Study of Cl2/BCl3
Inductively Coupled Plasma for Selective Etching of GaAs” 36th International
Conference on Plasma Science and 23rd Symposium on Fusion Engineering, San
Diego, California, USA (2009) 188.
17. R. Kumar and H.K. Malik, “Solitary Wave Evolution in Magnetized Plasma under
Ionization Effect” 36th International Conference on Plasma Science and 23rd
Symposium on Fusion Engineering, San Diego, California, USA (2009) 139.
16. A.K. Aria and H.K. Malik, “TE10 Mode and Plasma Interaction in Rectangular
Waveguide”, 18th International Toki Conference (ITC18), Toki, Japan (2008) 137.
15. A.K. Aria and H.K. Malik, “Generation of Wakefield by Microwave Pulse of
Gaussian-like Shape in Waveguide”, International Congress on Plasma Physics
(ICPP) 2008, Fukuoka, Japan (2008) 441 (Abstract).
14. A.K. Singh, H.K. Malik and K. Singh, “Effect of Magnetic Field on Stable and
Unstable Modes in a Plasma having Weakly Relativistic Ions and Electrons”,
International Congress on Plasma Physics (ICPP) 2008, Fukuoka, Japan (2008) 443
(Abstract).
13. D. K. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Energy carried by KdV and mKdV Solitons in an
Inhomogeneous Magnetized Plasma having Negative Ions” The 10th Asia Pacific
Physics Conference (APPC10), Pohang, Korea (2007) 178 (Abstract).
12. M. Kumar, A. K. Aria and H.K. Malik, “Waves and Instabilities in a Plasma Sheath
Formed During the Motion of Space Craft” The 10th Asia Pacific Physics
Conference (APPC10), Pohang, Korea (2007) 174 (Abstract).
11. S.K. Mondal and H.K. Malik, “Studies on Modes in Inhomogeneous Magnetized
Ordinary Plasma” The 10th Asia Pacific Physics Conference (APPC10), Pohang,
Korea (2007) 183 (Abstract).
10. S. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Basic Theoretical Calculation of Mode Fields in a
Magnetized Plasma Waveguide and Electron Acceleration" 19th International
Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas and 7th Asia Pacific Plasma
Theory Conference (ICNSP&APPTC), Nara, Japan (2005) 125.
9. H.K. Malik and S. Kumar, "Proton Trajectory and Its Interaction with TE10 Mode in a
Rectangular Waveguide" International Conference on Laser Applications and
Optical Metrology (ICLAOM-03), New Delhi, India (2004) 467.
8. H.K. Malik, H. Ito, N. Yugami and Y. Nishida, "Excitation of Wake Field by
Rectangular Microwave Pulse in a Rectangular Waveguide” 5th International
Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas (SMP-2002), Nizhny Novgorod,
Russia (2002) 576.

17
7. H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida, "On Wakefield Generation in a Rectangular Waveguide
using Microwave” 11th International Congress on Plasma Physics, Sydney,
Australia (2002) 11.
6. H.K. Malik, H. Ito, N. Yugami and Y. Nishida, "Analytical Studies on Wake Field in
a Rectangular Waveguide” 29th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Scoience
(ICOPS-2002), Banff, Alberta, Canada 6P1 (2002) 298.
5. H.K. Malik and Y. Nishida, "Nonlinear Solitary Waves in a Relativistic Magnetized
Inhomogeneous Plasma" 11th International Toki Conference on Plasma Physics and
Controlled Nuclear Fusion (ITC-11), Nagoya, Japan (2000) 161.
4. H.K. Malik and S. Takamura, "Compressive and Rarefactive Solitons in a Relativistic
Magnetized Plasma with Finite Temperature Ions" 1996 International Conference on
Plasma Physics, Nagoya, Japan (1996) 922.
3. M. Nakamura, S. Nunomura, H.K. Malik, N. Ohno and S. Takamura, "Generation of
Dusty Plasma in a Double-Plasma Machine" 1996 International Conference on Plasma
Physics, Nagoya, Japan (1996) 1982.
2. H.K. Malik and R.P. Dahiya, "Contribution of Electron Inertia to Two-Dimensional
Solitons in a Weakly Relativistic Plasma" 48th Annual Gaseous Electronics
Conference, Berkeley, California (1995), DC7.
1. H.K. Malik, S. Singh, and R.P. Dahiya, "Two-Dimensional Solitons in an
Inhomogeneous Weakly Relativistic Plasma" 1994 International Conference on
Plasma Physics, Brazil (1994) 359.

(c) In National Symposia

6. S. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Rayleigh Instability in a Hall Thruster: Effect of Ion
Temperature”, 24th National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology
(PLASMA-2009), Hamirpur, India. (Abstract)
5. D.K. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Effect of Trapped Electrons on Soliton Energy in an
Inhomogeneous Magnetized Multicomponent Plasma”, 23rd National Symposium
on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA-2008), Mumbai, India. (Abstract)
4. D.K. Singh and H.K. Malik, “Slow Wave Solitons in an Inhomogeneous Magnetized
Plasma having Negative Ions” 21st National Symposium on Plasma Science and
Technology, PLASMA 2006, Jaipur, India (2006) 4 pgs.
3. S. Kumar and H.K. Malik, "Fundamental Mode Characteristics in a Plasma Filled
Rectangular Waveguide: Effect of Density Inhomogeneity" 20th National
Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA-2005), Cochin, India
(2005) BP31.
2. H.K. Malik, K.D. Tripathi and S.K. Sharma, "K-dV Solitons in Magnetized Relativistic
Plasma with Finite Temperature Drifting Ions and Electrons" 12th National
Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology, IPR, Gandhinagar, India (1997)
PPA-75.
1. H.K. Malik, S. Singh, and R.P. Dahiya, "K-dV Solitons in an Inhomogeneous Plasma
with Finite Temperature Drifting Ions" National Symposium on Science and
Technology of Plasmas, Guwahati, India (1994) PL 92, 73.

18
(d) In Book (Chapter)
2. H.K. Malik, "Electromagnetic Waves and Their Application to Charged Particle
Acceleration" Wave Propagation / Book 2, INTECH Open Science, Croatia (2012).
Accepted
1. H.K. Malik and A. Malik, "Plasma based Technologies for Waste Reduction and
Environment Protection" Society, Sustainability and Environment, Shivalik
Prakashan, New Delhi (2007) 94 – 108.

19