DESCRIPTION OF LEARNERS: The target audiences are the Level 1 students who took Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

enrolled in
Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU)

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of the discussion, the students will be able to demonstrate the proper procedure in bed making applying
all the principles of body mechanics and proper positioning

TIME
TEACHING INSTRUCTION
LEARNING FRAME METHOD OF
CONTENT LEARNING AL
OBJECTIVES (IN EVALUATION
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
MINUTES)

1. The students will be  The ability of the nurse to keep the bed Powerpoint
able to define bed clean and comfortable Presentation
making in an accurate Lecture Discussion 15 minutes Paper and Pencil test
manner during the
evaluation.  Refers to the technique of preparing
different types of bed in making
 patients/clients comfortable in his/her
suitable position for a particular
condition

Hand Out
 It requires keen inspection to be sure
that the linens are clean, dry and
wrinkle-free

A. On changing an unoccupied bed:

 to promote the client's comfort

2. The student will be  to provide a smooth, wrinkle-free bed

able to identify the foundation, thus minimizing sources of
purposes of bed skin irritation
making during return  10 minutes
To provide a neat and clean bed.
demonstration.
 To refresh the patient who is confined to Powerpoint
the bed. Presentation

B. On changing an occupied bed: Lecture Discussion

Paper and Pencil test
  to conserve the client's energy and Hand Out
maintain current healthy status
 to promote the client's comfort
 to provide a clean near environment for
the client
 to provide a smooth, wrinkle-free bed
foundation, thus minimizing sources of
skin irritation

1. It helps maintain a clean, orderly and

comfortable room which contributes to the
patients sense of well-being.

2. Helps the patient secure proper rest and

3. Discuss the
comfort
importance of bed
Powerpoint
making in a complete which are essential for health and refresh
Presentation
and fluent manner him/her by providing cleanliness
during the evaluation

3. It helps prevent or avoid microorganisms

Lecture Discussion 10 minutes
to come in contact with the patient which Paper and Pencil test
could cause tribulations.
Hand Out
 4. It minimizes the sources of skin irritation
by providing
smooth, wrinkle-free bed foundation

Common Types of Bed:

 Occupied bed - the occupied bed is
made when the patient is not able or not
permitted to get out of the bed
 Unoccupied bed - the unoccupied bed is
made when there is no patient confined
in bed Powerpoint
4. The students will be Presentation
able identify the
different types of bed
2 TYPES OF UNOCCUPIED BED: Lecture Discussion 10 minutes Paper and Pencil test
properly during the
evaluation

a. Open bed - the top covers are generally

folded back so that a client can easily Hand Out
get into bed
b. Closed bed - the top sheet blankets and
bedspreads are drawn up to the head of
the mattress and under the pillows, this
is prepared in a hospital room before a
new client is admitted to that room
 Post-Operative bed - also known as
recovery bed or anesthetic bed. Used not
only for clients who have undergone
surgical procedures but also for clients
who have given anesthetics for a certain
examination.

 Clinton Therapy bed – also called the

air-fluidized bed. Designed for
managing burns and patients with
various disabilities.

 Gatch bed - they are more often seen in

nursing homes and older and/or remote
areas that are economically-challenged
that utilize these beds because of their
lack of need for electricity. They have
three cranks at the foot of the bed below
the mattress. One crank raises and
lowers the whole bed, one crank raises
and lowers the head of the bed and the
last crank raises and lowers the foot of
the bed.
  Electric bed - the basic modern hospital
bed is called an electric bed. They are
the beds most often seen in city
hospitals or major town hospitals. The
options of raising and lowering the bed
are chosen through buttons that are set
on the side rails. The patients
themselves are able to set the position of
their beds as opposed to the nurses or
Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA's)
setting the position manually.

 Stretchers - the types of beds you see in

a hospital emergency room unit are
typically stretchers. These beds are
designed for mobility.

5. Identify the Fowler’s Position - A bed position where

Powerpoint
different bed positions the head and trunk are raised, typically Paper and Pencil test
Presentation
in healthcare settings between 40-90°. This position is often used
Recitation
such that student will for patients who have cardiac issues, trouble Lecture Discussion 20 minutes
lessen mistakes and breathing, or a nasogastric tube in place.
Hand Out
confusions
Return Demonstration
Lateral Postion - this position involves the
patient lying on either her right or left side. Demonstration
Right lateral means the patient’s right side is
touching the bed, while left lateral means the
patient’s left side is touching the bed. A
pillow is often placed in between the legs for
patient comfort.
Internet:
https://uniontestpr
ep.com/teas/blog/
Lithotomy Position - this position involves patient-positionin
the patient lying flat on her back with legs g-cheat-sheet?fbc
elevated to hip level or above, often lid=IwAR3bF0ng
supported by stirrups. It is commonly used 8LHRl9qWYuZ9
for gynecological procedures and childbirth. qrTOAVEe8RgL
DkpyBym81is2fs
PzZOdnkbNLYn
Prone Position - a position where the patient o
lies on his stomach with his back up. The
head is typically turned to one side. This
position allows for drainage of the mouth
after oral or neck surgery. It also allows for
full flexion of knee and hip joints.

Sim’s Position- a prone/lateral position in

which the patient lies on his side with his
 upper leg flexed and drawn in towards the
chest, and the upper arm flexed at the elbow.
Sim’s position is useful for administering
enemas, perineal examinations, and for
comfort in pregnancy.

Reverse Trendelenburg- the patient is

supine with the head of the bed elevated and
the foot of the bed down. This position may
be used in surgery to help promote perfusion
in obese patients. It can also be helpful in
treating venous air embolism and preventing
pulmonary aspiration.

Trendelenburg- this position involves a

supine patient and sharply lowering the head
of the bed and raising the foot, creating an
“upside down” effect.

6. Identify the Bottom Sheet - a bottom sheet is laid above

functions of different the mattress and bed occupants lie on it.
types of linens with They are more easily washable than a
ease and accuracy mattress, and when used properly can protect
during return the longevity of the mattress and provide
demonstration better sanitation for bed occupants.
 Rubber Draw Sheet - rubber draw
sheets are sued to absorb the secretions
in order to prevent contamination to the
bottom sheet and over the matress.

 Cotton Draw Sheet- cotton draw sheet

is topped to the rubber draw sheet
because rubber is irritating to the skin.
So the cotton draw sheet also absobs
secretions and and prevents the skin
from being irritated.

 Top Sheet- they are more easily

washable than a mattress, and when
used properly can protect the longevity
of the mattress and provide better
sanitation for bed occupants. It is in
contact with the patient's skin to provide
comfort.

 Blanket - blanket provides warmth and

comfort to the patient.
  Bed Spread - bed spread makes the bed Powerpoint
more appealing to the eyes. Presentation

 Bath Blanket - bath blanket is used in

Lecture Discussion 15 minutes Paper and Pencil test
occupied bed making to provide privacy
and warmth to the patient while
changing the linens. Hand Out

A. Guidelines for Bed-Making

 Gather all the required linen and
accessories needed for making the bed,
such as:
7. The students will be  Sheets PowerPoint
able to apply the
Presentation  Recitation
guidelines of bed  Pillowcases
Lecture Discussion 10 minutes  Paper and Pencil
making with ease and
 Blankets test
accuracy during return
Hand Out
demonstration  Bedspread
 Extra pillows
 Guidelines
  When making a bed it is important to
remember the following:

 Avoid shaking the linen to prevent the

spread of microorganisms and dust
particles.
 Avoid placing linens, clean or dirty, on
another patient's bed.
 Do not place dirty linen on the floor.
 Do not hold dirty linen against your
uniform.
 Always use good body mechanics; raise
the bed to its highest position to make
bed-making easier.
 Stay on one side of the bed until it is
completely made; then move to the
other side and finish the bed. This saves
time and steps.

8. Perform the bed A. UNOCCUPIED BED Demonstration  Paper and Pencil

making with ease and Lecture Discussion 4 hours
test
precise manner during STEPS
 the return Hand Out  Return
demonstration 1. Wash hands thoroughly. Demonstration
2. Assemble and arrange all needed
materials.
3. Adjust height of the bed to a comfortable
working position.
4. Lay the BOTTOM SHEET (folded with
WRONG SIDE OUT) with centerfold at
the center of the bed. (Narrow hemline
with the edge of the foot part).
5. Fanfold far side of the sheet.
6. Tuck in remaining top portion of the
sheet to secure it in place (with palms
down).
7. Miter the corner at the top corner and
tuck under the mattress, working from
head to the foot part.
8. Place the RUBBER DRAW SHEET with
centerfold at the center of the bed and
the top edge in line with the buttocks.
9. Fanfold the upper half of the rubber draw
sheet (far side) towards the middle of the
bed, then tuck in the near side.
10. Lay the COTTON DRAW SHEET over
 the rubber draw sheet.
11. Fanfold and tuck in with palms down.
12. Move to the other side and stretch out
the fan-folded sheets.
13. Tuck in the upper portion of the bottom
sheet under the head part of the bed.
14. Do a mitered corner and tuck in the
bottom sheet from the head towards the
foot part.
15. Pull the rubber draw sheet and the cotton
draw sheet firmly and tuck in under the
mattress.
16. Lay the TOP SHEET (folded with RIGHT
SIDE OUT) with the centerfold at the
center of the bed and the wider hemline
in line with the edge of the head part of
the bed.
17. Fanfold or unfold the top sheet towards
the far side of the bed.
18. Lay the BLANKET (folded WRONG SIDE
OUT) with the center fold at the center of
the bed and the top edge placed 6 inches
from the top edge of the mattress.
19. Fanfold or unfold blanket toward the far
 side of the bed.
20. Do the same with the BED SPREAD
(folded with WRONG SIDE OUT).
21. Make a TOE PLEAT.
22. Tuck in the remaining lower edge of the
top of the top sheet, blanket and bed
spread under the foot part of the bed.
(Avoid pulling the toe pleat.)
23. Do a MODIFIED MITERED CORNER
with the 3 sheets.
24. Move to the other side of the bed and
stretch out the 3 linens.
25. Complete the toe pleat and tuck in the
remaining part of the top sheet, blanket
and bed spread.
26. Make a MODIFIED MITERED CORNER.
27. Fold the edge of the top sheet over the
blanket and bed spread to make a CUFF.
28. Put the pillow case of the pillows.
29. Position the pillow at the head part of the
bed with the open side facing away from
the door.
B. OCCUPIED BED

STEPS

1. Wash hands thoroughly.

2. Assemble and arrange all needed
materials.
3. Introduce self and verify client’s identity.
4. Explain to the client what will be done,
why is it necessary and how he can help
or cooperate during the procedure.
5. Provide for client privacy.
6. Adjust height of the bed to a comfortable
working position, lower head of bed to a
flat position and lower side rails on the
side where linens will be removed first.
7. Loosen all top linens at the foot part of
the mattress.
8. Remove the top linens (bed spread and
blanket) and leave the top sheet.
9. Spread the bath blanket over the top
sheet.
10. Either ask the client to hold the top edge
 of the bath blanket if able or tuck in the
top edge under the client’s shoulders if
unable.
11. Reaching under the bath blanket from
the far side, grasp the top edge of the top
sheet and draw or pull it down to the foot
part of the bed, leaving the bath blanket
in place.
IF THE BOTTOM SHEET AND COTTON
DRAW SHEET ARE TO BE CHANGED
12. Assist the client to turn to the side facing
away from the area where clean linens
will be placed first.
13.
Note: Use proper technique in turning the
patient

14. Adjust the pillow under the head.

15. Raise the side rail nearer the client.
16. Move to the other side.
17. Loosen the foundation of the linen on the
side of the bed.
18. Fanfold the cotton draw sheet and tuck in
 under the client’s back.
19. Do the same with the rubber draw sheet
and the bottom sheet.
20. Lay the new BOTTOM SHEET with its
centerfold of the center of the bed and
the narrow hemline in line with the edge
of the foot part of the mattress.
21. Fanfold far side of the bottom sheet.
22. Tuck in remaining the top portion of the
bottom sheet under the mattress with
palms down.
23. Miter the corner of the near side and tuck
the remaining portion under the mattress
working from the head of the bed to the
foot part.
24. Grasp the rubber draw sheet and tuck
under the mattress.
25. Lay the centerfold of the NEW COTTON
DRAW SHEET at the center of the bed
over the rubber draw sheet.
26. Fanfold the other half towards the back
of the client.
27. Assist the client to roll over toward the
clean side of the bed.
28. Adjust the pillow and position client’s
head over the pillow.
29. Raise the side rail and move to the other
side of the bed.
30. Lower the side rail.
31. Remove soiled/used linens (BOTTOM
SHEET & COTTON DRAW SHEET) and
place into the hamper.
32. Unfold and pull other half of the
BOTTOM SHEET.
33. Tuck in top portion under the mattress.
34. Miter the corner and tuck in remaining
portion on the side, working from the
head part towards the foot part on the
bed.
35. Unfold the RUBBER DRAW SHEET and
the COTTON DRAW SHEET, pull tightly
with both hands and tuck under the
mattress from middle to top and to
bottom.
36. Reposition the client to a supine position
at the center of the bed and adjust the
pillow.
37.
APPLYING or COMPLETING THE TOP
BEDDING

38. Lay the centerfold of the TOP SHEET at

the center of the bed over the bath
blanket.
39. Spread the top sheet over the client.
40. Either asks the client to hold top edge of
the top sheet or tuck in under the client’s
shoulders and pull down the bath
blanket.
41. Lay the centerfold of the BLANKET at the
center of the bed and spread over the
client.
42. Do the same with the BED SPREAD.
43. Make a TOE PLEAT including the top 3
linens. (May not make a toe pleat
anymore.)
44. Tuck in the remaining portion of the 3
under the foot part of the mattress.
45. Make a MODIFIED MITERED CORNER.
(With the 3 linens.)
46. Move to the other side of the bed.
47. Complete the TOP PLEAT. (May not
make a toe pleat anymore.)
48. Tuck in the remaining portion of the 3
under the foot part of the mattress.
49. Make a MODIFIED MITERED CORNER.
50. Fold the top edge of the top sheet over
the blanket and bed spread make a cuff.

CHANGE THE PILLOW CASE

51. Assist client raise head.

52. While supporting the neck with one hand,
remove the pillow.
53. Remove soiled case and put into the
hamper.
54. Put on the clean pillow case.
55. Support the client’s head under neck and
place pillow under head with the open
side facing away from the door.
56. Return bed to a comfortable position or
height.
57. Raise side rails.
58. Wash hands.