NARRAH HIGH SCHOOL

NARRAH,BANKURA

Name of the Student: Sourav De

Roll No: 136 Registration No:2131331336
Subject: Biology (Project Work)
Class: XII (Science)
 Certificates
This is to certify that the student of class 12th , Sourav De , has been
successfully finished the investigatory project work on Malaria
Prevention Strategy in the malaria prone block in Bankura District.
I wish him every success in future.

Assistant Teacher
Biology
Narrah High School , Narrah , Bankura.
 Acknowledgement
First
of all , I appreciate the help of my teacher Tara sankar Singha , Biology
Teacher , Narrah High School . It will always in my remember of his guidance , innovative
work and his experience which I utilized in my project to make it a successful investigatory
work.

I am also thanks to the Public Health Department under Chief Medical Officer of
Health , Bankura and Consultant work under his authorization.

Moreover I am very much grateful to my parents for their support to make this
work.

(Sourav De)
Class XII ,Narrah High School,Bankura.
 Index Page
1. Introduction
Mosquito & Malaria: Introducing the Disease in brief
Historical Prospective: Malaria from beginning
Symptoms of Malaria : Identification of the Disease
Vector of Malaria : Protozoa Carrier
Malaria Control Strategy: Elimination of the Disease Malaria
Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite

2. Aims & Objectives

3. Methods and Methodology

4. Result

5. Discussion
Introduction
Mosquito & Malaria: Introducing the Disease in brief
Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease caused by parasites known as
Plasmodium viviax (P.vivax), Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum), Plasmodium
malariae (P.malariae) and Plasmodium ovale (P.ovale).
It is transmitted by the infective bite of Anopheles mosquito.
Man develops disease after 10 to 14 days of being bitten by an infective mosquito.
There are two types of parasites of human malaria, Plasmodium vivax, P.
falciparum,which are commonly reported from India.
Inside the human host, the parasite undergoes a series of changes as part of its complex
life cycle. (Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite).
The parasite completes life cycle in liver cells and red blood cells.
Infection with P.falciparum is the most deadly form of malaria.

Historical Prospective: Malaria from beginning

Malaria has been a major public health problem in India. Intermittent fever, with high
incidence during the rainy season, coinciding with agriculture, sowing and harvesting,
was first recognized by Romans and Greeks who associated it with swampy areas. They
postulated that intermittent fevers were due to the 'bad odour' coming from the
marshy areas and thus gave the name 'malaria' ('mal'=bad + 'air') to intermittent
fevers. In spite of the fact that today the causative organism is known, the name has
stuck to this disease.

1
Symptoms of Malaria : Identification of the Disease
Typically, malaria produces fever, headache, vomiting and other flu-like symptoms.
The parasite infects and destroys red blood cells resulting in easy fatigue-ability due to
anemia, fits/convulsions and loss of consciousness.
Parasites are carried by blood to the brain (cerebral malaria) and to other vital
organs.
Malaria in pregnancy poses a substantial risk to the mother, the fetus and the newborn
infant. Pregnant women are less capable of coping with and clearing malaria infections,
adversely affecting the unborn fetus.

Vector of Malaria : Protozoa Carrier

There are many vectors of malaria.
Anopheles culicifacies is the main vector of malaria.It is one types of mosquito.
It is a small to medium sized mosquito with Culex like sitting posture
1. Feeding habits
It is a zoophilic species
When high densities build up relatively large numbers feed on men
2. Resting habits
Rests during daytime in human dwellings and cattlesheds
3. Breeding places
Breeds in rainwater pools and puddles, borrowpits, river bed pools, irrigation channels,
seepages, rice fields, wells, pond margins, sluggish streams with sandy margins.
Extensive breeding is generally encountered following monsoon rains.
4. Biting time
Biting time of each vector species is determined by its generic

2
character, but can be readily influenced by environmental conditions.
Most of the vectors, including Anopheles culicifacies, start biting soon after dusk.
Therefore, biting starts much earlier in winter than in summer but the peak time varies
from species to species.

Malaria Control Strategy: Elimination of the Disease Malaria

1. Early case Detection and Prompt Treatment (EDPT)

 EDPT is the main strategy of malaria control - radical treatment is necessary for
all the cases of malaria to prevent transmission of malaria.
 Chloroquine is the main anti-malaria drug for uncomplicated malaria.
 Drug Distribution Centres (DDCs) and Fever Treatment Depots (FTDs) have been
established in the rural areas for providing easy access to anti-malarial drugs to
the community.
 Alternative drugs for chloroquine resistant malaria are recommended as per the
drug policy of malaria.

2. Vector Control
(i) Chemical Control

 Use of Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) with insecticides recommended under the
programnme
 Use of chemical larvicides like Abate in potable water
 Aerosol space spray during day time
 Malathion fogging during outbreaks

(ii) Biological Control

 Use of larvivorous fish in ornamental tanks, fountains etc.

 Use of biocides.

(iii) Personal Prophylatic Measures that individuals/communities can take up

3
 Use of mosquito repellent creams, liquids, coils, mats etc.
 Screening of the houses with wire mesh
  Use of bednets treated with insecticide
 Wearing clothes that cover maximum surface area of the body

Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite

1. A female Anopheles mosquito carrying malaria-causing parasites feeds on a human and
injects the parasites in the form of sporozoites into the bloodstream. The sporozoites
travel to the liver and invade liver cells.
2. Over 5-16 days*, the sporozoites grow, divide, and produce tens of thousands of haploid
forms, called merozoites, per liver cell. Some malaria parasite species remain dormant
for extended periods in the liver, causing relapses weeks or months later.
3. The merozoites exit the liver cells and re-enter the bloodstream, beginning a cycle of
invasion of red blood cells, asexual replication, and release of newly formed merozoites
from the red blood cells repeatedly over 1-3 days*. This multiplication can result in
thousands of parasite-infected cells in the host bloodstream, leading to illness and
complications of malaria that can last for months if not treated.
4. Some of the merozoite-infected blood cells leave the cycle of asexual multiplication.
Instead of replicating, the merozoites in these cells develop into sexual forms of the
parasite, called male and female gametocytes, that circulate in the bloodstream.
5. When a mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests the gametocytes. In the mosquito
gut, the infected human blood cells burst, releasing the gametocytes, which develop
further into mature sex cells called gametes. Male and female gametes fuse to form
diploid zygotes, which develop into actively moving ookinetes that burrow into the
mosquito midgut wall and form oocysts.
6. Growth and division of each oocyst produces thousands of active haploid forms called
sporozoites. After 8-15 days, the oocyst bursts, releasing sporozoites into the body cavity
of the mosquito, from which they travel to and invade the mosquito salivary glands. The
cycle of human infection re-starts when the mosquito takes a blood meal, injecting the
sporozoites from its salivary glands into the human bloodstream.
Aims &Objective
Aims & Objective: The Goal
To prevent malaria in the malaria prone area of district Bankura and to make a brief
monitoring on malaria prevention strategy taken by the stakeholder. This project may
help the stakeholder of the malaria control programme for further planning.
Methods
&
Methodology
Method & Methodology: The technique utilized
To observe the way of work of stakeholder (Govt. Agencies/NGO etc.) for prevention of
malaria, I prepared a format. In that format, I note down the prevention techniques
implemented by the stakeholder. This filled up, format can analyse the preventive work
done by the stakeholder.
Question & Answer method is used here. Random selection of persons & household has
been done in malaria prone blocks of Bankura District.
I also collect the data of malaria cases found in the 8 malaria blocks of the district
bankura which may help me in my interpretation.
A score line sheet has been sets up for analyzing the data as follows:

Sl No Description Scores
1 Nil (No work Done) 0
2 Very Poor 1
3 Poor 2
4 Satisfactory 3
5 Good 4
6 Very Good 5
7 Excellent Work in Proper Way 6

Sl No Categorised Description of Description under observation

Observation Observation
work

Cleaning of storage water regularly

1 Category -1 Home Sanitation
2 Category -2 DDT spray
3 Category -3 Mosquito Net
4 Catgory-4 Activity of Health Worker
Facility of Immediate RDT-
5 Catgory-5 Malaria
(Rapid Diagnostic Test-Malaria)
6 Catagory-6 Facility of Medicine
Cleaning of mud near house
Cutting of bushes regularly
IRS (Indoor Residual Spray ) done properly
Bed Net used every night for all the members
Visiting in proper way of concerned Health worker
Availability of Rapid Diagnostic Kit in near Sub
Centre under Health System
Availability of Medicine in near Sub Centre under
Health System

7
Result
Result:
Score wise data sheet

Name of the Block: Anchri (Health Blocks) / Bankura-I (Administrative Blocks)

Home Name/
Sl No . Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6 Total Score
Name of Head of Family

1 Sadhan Dana 3 2 3 6 6 6 26
2 Malati Dana 3 3 3 5 5 5 24
3 Sadhan Patra 3 3 2 4 4 4 20
4 Swapan Malakar 2 3 5 4 4 4 22
5 Denesh Malakar 3 3 3 5 5 5 24
6 Ramtanu Bauri 3 3 2 4 4 4 20
7 Noiyantara Bauri 2 2 2 6 6 6 24
8 Ramarai Raju 0 4 4 6 6 6 26
9 Neloy Chakraborti 4 5 4 6 6 6 31
10 Joydeb Abdul 5 4 5 6 6 6 32
11 Sanjeeb Chakraborty 5 3 4 6 6 6 30
12 Nelesh Dana 6 4 5 6 6 6 33
13 Madhumita Dana 3 6 4 6 6 6 31
14 Babu Patra 6 5 5 6 6 6 34
15 Mita Roy 3 4 4 6 6 6 29
TOTAL 51 54 55 82 82 82 406

8
 Name of the Block: Kanchanpur (Health Blocks) / Bankura-II (Administrative Blocks)
Home Name/
Sl No . Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6 Total Score
Name of Head of Family

1 Bablu Poddar 3 2 3 6 6 6 26
2 Kanchan Poddar 3 3 3 5 5 5 24
3 Biswajit Patra 3 3 2 4 4 4 20
4 Nimai Bayragi 2 3 4 4 4 4 21
5 Netaji Nandi 3 3 4 5 5 5 25
6 Subhas Patra 3 3 2 4 4 5 21
7 Subipta De 2 2 2 6 6 6 24
8 Robi Baedia 0 4 4 6 6 6 26
9 Roma Bedia 4 5 4 6 6 6 31
10 Raghu Bedia 5 4 5 6 5 6 31
11 Nelu Kanta Sahis 5 4 4 6 6 6 31
12 Tenubor Bauri 6 4 5 6 6 6 33
13 Khoosbu Begam 3 6 5 6 6 6 32
14 Pucha Kobiraj 6 6 5 6 6 6 35
15 Papun Kobiraj 4 4 4 5 5 6 28
TOTAL 52 56 56 81 80 83 408

9
 Name of the Block: Chhatna
Home Name/
Sl No. Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6 Total Score
Name of Head of Family

1 Somnath Dutta 2 2 3 6 6 6 25
2 Dibyendu Dutta 2 3 3 5 5 5 23
3 Rekha Sen 2 3 3 3 4 4 19
4 Tapan Sen 2 3 5 4 4 4 22
5 Pintu Sen 3 2 3 5 5 5 23
6 Santanu Dey 3 2 2 4 6 4 21
7 Soumen Day 2 2 2 6 6 6 24
8 Lal Mohan Dey 3 3 3 6 6 6 27
9 Jharna De 2 5 4 6 6 6 29
10 Pinki Bauri 5 4 5 3 4 6 27
11 Balaram Sing 4 3 4 6 6 6 29
12 Keka rena Sengupta 5 3 3 6 6 6 29
13 Robat Kobiyal 2 6 4 6 6 6 30
14 Vola Kobiyal 6 5 5 4 6 6 32
15 Joy ram Bauri 3 4 4 6 6 6 29
TOTAL 46 50 53 76 82 82 389

10
 Name of the Block: Taldangra
Home Name/
Sl No. Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6 Total Score
Name of Head of Family

1 Manas Rajak 2 2 2 6 6 6 24
2 Poroma Rajak 2 4 3 6 6 5 26
3 Bebi Sahana 2 3 3 3 4 4 19
4 Ratan Hansda 2 5 6 4 4 4 25
5 Sahana 3 2 4 5 5 5 24
Singhamahapatra
6 Barababau Rajak 3 2 6 4 6 4 25
7 Renu Ray 2 2 5 6 6 6 27
8 Sikha Ray 2 4 2 2 6 6 22
9 Bebhu Mahapatra 2 4 4 2 6 6 24
10 Lili Mahapatra 5 4 5 3 6 6 29
11 Depansu Panda 4 3 4 2 6 6 25
12 Kounik Kundu 2 3 3 6 6 6 26
13 Swapan Kundu 2 6 4 6 6 6 30
14 Kobota Mahpatra 6 5 5 2 6 6 30
15 Anna Roy 6 4 4 6 6 6 32
TOTAL 45 53 60 63 85 82 388

11
 Name of the Block: Simlapal
Home Name/
Sl No. Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6 Total Score
Name of Head of Family

1 Satya narayan Dutta 2 2 3 6 6 6 25

2 Nabo Dutta 2 4 3 6 6 5 26

3 Sadhana Dutta 2 3 3 3 4 4 19

4 Kalu Dutta 2 5 5 4 4 4 24

5 Felu Dutta 3 2 4 5 5 5 24

6 Bubai Bauri 3 2 4 4 6 4 23

7 Mani Bauri 2 2 4 6 6 6 26

8 Tiya Bauri 4 4 3 2 2 2 17

9 Bhouton Lal Bauri 2 4 4 2 2 2 16

10 Rahim Sannaysi 5 4 5 3 4 6 27

11 Dibyendu Dutta 4 3 4 2 6 6 25

12 Sourabh ganguli 5 3 3 6 6 6 29

13 Swapan Ganguli 2 6 4 6 6 6 30

14 Shreerupa Bhattacharya 6 5 5 2 6 6 30

15 Dr. Nandan Banerjee 6 4 4 6 6 6 32

TOTAL 50 53 58 63 75 74 373

12
 Name of the Block: Raipur
Home Name/ Total
Sl No. Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6
Name of Head of Family Score

1 Prasanta Singhamahapatra 2 2 4 6 6 6 26
2 Amrita Singhamahapatra 4 3 4 6 5 5 27
3 Sayan Murmu 2 3 4 6 6 6 27
4 Sabra Acharya 2 3 4 6 6 6 27
5 Sanjay Adhikari 3 3 4 6 5 5 26
6 Sarba Kundu 3 2 4 6 6 6 27
7 Pranabananda Paramanik 2 4 2 6 6 6 26
8 Styajit Chakraborty 3 3 3 6 6 6 27
9 Dheren Chakrabarti 2 5 4 6 6 6 29
10 Rapan Middya 5 6 5 6 4 6 32
11 Kallol Sengupta 6 6 4 6 6 6 34
12 Ronojit Pal 5 3 3 6 6 6 29
13 Tapas Gorai 2 6 4 6 6 6 30
14 Pava Gorai 6 5 5 6 6 6 34
15 Bikash kusum Moi 3 4 4 6 6 6 29
TOTAL 50 58 58 90 86 88 430

13
 Name of the Block: Sarenga
Home Name/
Sl No. Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6 Total Score
Name of Head of Family

1 Bhakta Pada Murmu 2 0 3 6 6 6 23

2 Lalbal Murmu 2 3 3 5 6 5 24
3 Kaaba Murmu 0 3 2 3 4 4 16
4 Puni Murmu 0 3 5 6 4 4 22
5 Maranburu Tudu 3 2 3 5 5 5 23
6 Singultani Tudu 2 2 4 4 6 4 22
7 Piku ram Poddar 2 2 4 6 6 6 26
8 Santanu Sahana 3 3 4 6 6 6 28
9 Laxman Sahana 2 5 4 6 6 6 29
10 Papad Sing 5 4 4 3 4 6 26
11 Champa buri Sing 4 3 4 6 6 6 29
12 Sudi Tudu 2 3 3 6 6 6 26
13 Bikram Tudu 2 6 4 6 6 6 30
14 Anemes Mumu 6 5 5 4 6 6 32
15 Mampi Das 3 4 4 4 6 6 27
TOTAL 38 48 56 76 83 82 383

14
 Name of the Block: Ranibandh

Sl Home Name/ Total

Category -1 Category -2 Category -3 Catgory-4 Catgory-5 Catagory-6
No. Name of Head of Family Score

1 Behari Tudu 2 2 3 6 5 5 23
2 Niku Tudu 2 3 3 5 5 5 23
3 Sujoy Tudu 2 3 3 3 4 4 19
4 Arpita Tudu 4 3 5 4 4 4 24
5 Priyanka Mondal 4 2 3 5 5 5 24
6 Bhaktabancha Murmu 4 2 2 4 5 4 21
7 Mamataroma Murmu 2 2 2 5 5 6 22
8 Sanchita Moi 3 2 3 5 5 6 24
9 Sangeeta Moi 2 2 4 5 5 6 24
10 Pinu Moi 5 2 5 3 5 6 26
11 Anidita Sahala 4 3 4 5 6 6 28
12 Asish Layek 5 2 3 6 6 6 28
13 Krisna Layek 2 2 4 6 6 6 26
14 Jinat Mandi 6 5 5 4 5 5 30
15 Khoma Mandi 3 4 4 6 6 6 29
TOTAL 50 39 53 72 77 80 371

15
Sl Name of Category of Category of Category of Category of Category of Category of Total
No Blocks Screening 1 Screening 2 Screening 3 Screening 4 Screening 5 Screening 6 Score
1 Anchuri
51 54 55 82 82 82 406
(Bankura-I)
2 Kanchanpur
52 56 56 81 80 83 408
(Bankura-II)
3 Chhatna 46 50 53 76 82 82 389
4 Simlapal 50 53 58 63 75 74 373
5 Taldangra 45 53 60 63 85 82 388
6 Sarenga 50 53 58 63 75 74 373
7 Raipur 50 58 58 90 86 88 430
8 Ranibandh 50 39 53 72 77 80 371

Graphical Representation:

Status of Home Sanitation

54
52
52 51
50 50 50 50
50

48
46
46 45

44
Category of Screening 1
42

40
 Status of DDT Spray
70

60 58
56
54 53 53 53
50
50
39
40

30

20 Category of Screening 2

10

Kanchanpur

Taldangra

Sarenga
(Bankura-I)

Simlapal

Ranibandh
Raipur
(Bankura-II)

Chhatna
Anchuri
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Status of Mosquito net used

62
60
60
58 58 58
58
56
56 55

54 53 53

52 Category of Screening 3
 Activities of Health Workers
100
90
90 82 81
80 76
72
70 63 63 63
60
50
40
30
Category of Screening 4
20
10
0

(Bankura-I)

Simlapal

Ranibandh
Kanchanpur

Raipur
Taldangra

Sarenga
(Bankura-II)

Chhatna
Anchuri
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Malaria Rapid Dignostic Test (RDT) Facilities

88
86
86 85

84
82 82
82
80
80

78 77

76 75 75
 Facilities of Medicine Distribution
90 88

85 83
82 82 82
80
80

75 74 74

Category of Screening 6
70

65

(Bankura-I)

Ranibandh
Kanchanpur

Taldangra

Sarenga
Simlapal

Raipur
(Bankura-II)

Chhatna
Anchuri
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Total Score Datasheet Analysis

440
430 430
420
410
400
Score

390
380
Tally of working in malaria preventive measurement taken by malaria prone blocks of Bnakura District with total malaria cases

Malaria Case Malaria Case Malaria Case Malaria Case

Total
Sl No Name of Blocks found in 2009 found in 2010 found in 2011 found in 2012
Score
(PV + PF ) (PV + PF ) (PV + PF ) (PV + PF )
1 Anchuri (Bankura-I) 406 45 32 33 21
2 Kanchanpur (Bankura-II) 408 40 30 21 20
3 Chhatna 389 56 45 43 36
4 Simlapal 373 64 17 56 12
5 Taldangra 388 45 41 34 30
6 Sarenga 373 46 41 30 23
7 Raipur 430 56 45 39 26
8 Ranibandh 371 103 145 56 86
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Anchuri Kanchanpur Chhatna Simlapal Taldangra Sarenga Raipur
(Bankura-I) (Bankura-II)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Graphical Representation of last 5 Yrs Malaria Cases found in 8 malaria prone blocks of Bankura
 600

Total No. of Cases

500 489
400
300
158 132 213 194 177 168
200
177
100
Total Malaria
0
cases found in 6 Yrs

(Bankura-I)

Taldangra

Sarenga
Kanchanpur

Raipur
Simlapal

Ranibandh
(Bankura-II)

Chhatna
Anchuri
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Name of Blocks

Graphical Representation of last 5 Yrs Malaria total Cases found in 8 malaria prone blocks of Bankura Dsitrict

Total Malaria
cases found in 6 Yrs

Anchuri Kanchanpur
158 (Bankura-I) (Bankura-II)

489 132

Chhatna Simlapal

213

Taldangra Sarenga
177
194
Discussion
Discussion:
From my study it has been proved that the Blocks had done the preventive steps properly good
minimized the disease condition.
Malaria prevention can be done by taking the preventive steps before the rainy seasons came.
Ranibandh had the more worst stage regarding the malaria condition from other blocks.
Raipur block as taken the better preventive steps in this year 2014 so less malaria cases found
there.
So, Prevention is better than the cure.

22
Annexure