Handball

Physical Education Project

NAME: SAMIKSHA SARKAR

CLASS: XII SCIENCE
ROLL No. :
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Samiksha Subhashish Sarkar board roll number

of class 12 science has satisfactorily completed her
physical education project as per the requirements of CBSE
examination of year 2019-2020.

Internal External
Principal

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Examiner sign Examiner sign sign

Acknowledgement
The success and the final outcome of this project required a lot of
guidance and assistance from many people and we are extremely
fortunate to have got this all along the completion of our assignment
work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and
assistance and we would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank
Mr. Afroz Alam for giving us an opportunity us all the support and
guidance which made us complete the project on time. I am extremely
grateful to him for providing such nice support and guidance.

I am grateful because we managed to complete this project within the

time given. We would also not forget to thank our school principal by
giving us this approval of to do this project.

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 INDEX
S.No. TOPIC PAGE No.

1 Brief history
background of
handball event

2 Technical description
of handball court

3 Basic skills performed

in handball

4 Rules and regulations

in playing handball

5 Bibliography

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 I. THE BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
OF HANDBALL EVENT

Handball as it is played today began in northern Europe in the late 19th

century, when it emerged as the successor to such regionally popular games as
raffball and Königsbergerball. Holger Nielsen of Denmark - who actually
medaled in fencing and shooting at the first modern Olympic Games in
1896 - and German physical education teacher Max Heiser are credited with
shaping the basic rules that would come to govern the sport. The International
Amateur Handball Federation was established in 1928; it was replaced in 1946
by the International Handball Federation, which continues today as the sport's
world governing body.
Handball underwent a number of refinements during its formative years.
The most significant was a move indoors. In its first modern incarnation, called
field handball, teams of 11 played on turf fields. Because of the game's
popularity in snowy Scandinavia, a scaled-down indoor version featuring seven-
member teams soon arose and eclipsed field handball. It is this version of the
sport that is played at the Olympics today.
Despite its connection to Greek antiquity, handball didn't make its Olympic
debut until 1936. As host of the Berlin Games, Germany was allowed to add a
demonstration sport to the program and chose field handball. The Germans
outscored their first four opponents 86-13 on their way to the championship
game. They went on to defeat Austria, 10-6, to win the gold medal.

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 The Germans' romp did little to stir handball fever in the wider Olympic
community. The sport, primarily a European phenomenon at the time, was not
included in 1948 when the summer games resumed after a 12-year hiatus. In
fact, handball's absence lasted until 1972, when the men's indoor game returned
as part of the Munich Olympics - this time as an official event.
The revived sport displayed more staying power than before. After the
1972 Summer Olympics, in which Yugoslavia stunned the defending world
champion, Romania, to win the gold medal, the International Olympic Committee
allowed it to remain a part of the games.
Women's handball was added to the roster of Olympic sports at the 1976
Montreal Games, with the Soviet Union winning the first gold medal. Medals in
men's and women's team handball have been awarded in every Summer
Olympics since.
In recent decades, the sport has migrated from its ancestral homeland in
northern Europe to parts of the world where it once was unknown. It has made
big gains in Asia, as evidenced by the Koreans' Olympic success: Both the
women and men medaled at the 1988 Seoul Games, taking the gold and silver,
respectively. The women won the gold again four years later in Barcelona.
Handball enthusiasts have had more difficulty in importing their sport to
the Americas. It has caught on in a few countries - notably Brazil and
Argentina - but remains a curiosity in the United States, where it is often
confused with the racquetball-style recreational sport of the same name.

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 Handball seemed to be gaining a foothold in the 1990s when the NCAA
classified it as an "emerging sport" for women. It was hoped at the time that
schools would form varsity handball teams in order to help satisfy their Title IX
obligations, but 10 years later, little progress has been made. In fact, the
NCAA's Committee on Women's Athletics is threatening to remove handball
from its roster of emerging sports in 2008 if no growth is seen. In a news release
dated Sept. 14, 2007, the CWA included handball, along with archery, badminton
and synchronized swimming, on a list of sports that "show no steady progress in
sponsorship and have less than ten institutions sponsoring the sport at the
varsity level."
The absence of elite college players has impacted the American national
teams. No American handball team of either gender has ever won an Olympic
medal, and no American team is going to win one until at least 2012. In 2007,
the US men's and women's national teams both failed to qualify for the Pan-
American Games; consequently, they will not compete in the Beijing Olympics.

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 II. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
HANDBALL COURT

 The playing court is a 40 meter long and 20 meter wide rectangle,

consisting of two goal areas and a playing area. The longer boundary
lines are called side lines, and the shorter ones are called goal lines
(between the goalposts) or outer goal lines (on either side of the goal).
There should be a safety zone surrounding the playing court, with a width
of at least 1 meter along the side lines and 2 meters behind the goal lines.
The characteristics of the playing court must not be altered during the
game in such a way that one team gains an advantage.

 A goal is placed in the center of each outer goal line. The goals must be
firmly attached to the floor or to the walls behind them. They have an

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 interior height of 2 meters and a width of 3 meters. The goalposts are
joined by a horizontal crossbar. The rear side of the goalposts shall be in
line with the rear edge of the goal line. The goalposts and the crossbar
must have an 8cm square cross section. On the three sides which are
visible from the court they must be painted in bands of two contrasting
colors, which also contrast clearly with the background. The goals must
have a net, that should be attached in such a way that a ball thrown into
the goal normally remains in the goal.

 All lines on the court are fully part of the area that they enclose. The goal
lines shall be 8cm wide between the goalposts, whereas all other lines
shall be 5cm wide. Lines between two adjacent areas may be replaced
with a difference in colors between the adjacent areas of the floor.

 In front of each goal there is a goal area. The goal area is defined by the
goal-area line (6-meter line), which is drawn as follows :
a) a 3 meter long line directly in front of the goal ; this line is parallel to the
goal line and 6 meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of the
goal line to the front edge of the goal-area line) ;
b) two quarter circles, each with a radius of 6 meters (measured from the
rear inner corner of the goalposts), connecting the 3 meter long line with
the outer goal line.

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 The free throw line (9-meter line) is a broken line, drawn 3 meters outside
the goal-area line. Both the segments of the line and the spaces between
them measure 15cm.

 The 7-meter line is a 1 meter long line, directly in front of the goal. It is
parallel to the goal line and 7 meters away from it (measured from the rear
edge of the goal line to the front edge of the 7-meter line).

 The goalkeeper’s restraining line (the 4-meter line) is a 15cm long line,
directly in front of the goal. It is parallel to the goal line and 4 meters away
from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of
the 4-meter line.

 The center line connects the midpoints of the two side lines.

 The substitution line (a segment of the side line) for each team extends
from the center line to a point at a distance of 4.5 meters from the center
line. This end point of the substitution line is enhanced by a line which is
parallel to the center line, extending 15cm inside the sideline and 15cm
outside the sideline.

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 III. BASIC SKILLS PERFORMED IN
HANDBALL

1. PASSING

Bounce pass Overhead pass

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 Chest pass One-hand pass

Side-arm pass

2. DRIBBLING

3. CATCHING

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The thumbs and fingers should form the shape of a triangle. Both hands form a
"bowl/basket", enabling to catch the ball more effectively. Arms should be bent
at the elbow & fully extended in order to catch the ball. When catching the ball,
players should move hands toward the ball. Always catch the ball with two
hands. The "target" should be at shoulder height and on the dominant arm side.
The knees are flexed and the feet are shoulder width apart. The head is up and
forward and the eyes are focused in on the ball.

4. BLOCKING

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5. SHOOTING THE BALL

Shooting near the goal Jump Shot

Right-handed throwers should push off from the left foot. Left-handed throwers
should push off from the right foot. When in the air, the body should be stretched
& throwing shoulder drawn back. Throw from the highest point of the jump.
6. GOALKEEPING

The knees should be slightly bent and the hands held at head height. -Low balls
are stopped with the foot & one arm stretched toward the foot to assist. -A ball

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thrown at mid-height should be stopped with hand & foot while the high balls
requires a jump from one foot

IV. RULES AND REGULATIONS IN PLAYING

HANDBALL

The Court:
The court measures 20 meters (65' 7") by 40 meters (131' 3"). The court is
larger than a basketball court, but the length may be shortened when space is
limited. The goal area line, or 6-meter line (19' 8"), is the most important line. No
one except the goalie is allowed to stand in the goal area. The goal opening is 2
meters by 3 meters. Players may jump into the area if the ball is released before
landing in the area.

The Players:

On the whole, there are 7 players on the field and 7 players are substitutes. So
from one team there cannot be more than 14 players. On the field, there are six
players and 1 goal keeper from a team. At the start of the play, according to the
handball rules and regulations laid down by the IHF, a minimum of 5 players
should be on the field. A game might continue without 5 players as well, but that
is totally the referee's prerogative. A maximum of 4 officials are allowed per
team, be it the Team Handball rules or European Handball rules. Another
interesting rule laid down is that at any point of time whilst the game is in
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progress, a court player can be designated as the goal keeper and vice versa.
But those involved in substitution have to leave and enter the court over the
substitution line of their respective team.

Referees:

There are two referees, a court referee and a goal line referee. Referees
have complete authority: Their decisions are final. The referees are assisted by
a timer and a scorer.

Duration of the Game:

For players 18 years and over, the game consists of 2, 30-minute halves
with 10-minute half-time. For tournament and youth games 2, 15-minute or 2,
20- minute halves. This is running time except for injury or one team time-out
per half. The teams change benches at half-time. The game ends in a tie unless
the game demands a winner. (Tournament rules dictate that a winner must be
determined.) Overtime consists of 2, 5-minute periods).

Starting the game :

At the start of a game the captain winning the toss has the choice of ends or
throw-off. The throw-off must be taken at the centre line. All players must be in
their half of the court. The nearest opponent must be at least 3 metres from the
ball.

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 The Ball:
The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material and the surface must
not be either shiny or slippery. The circumference and weight according to the
categories of teams playing are:

1. For men above 16 years, it is 58 to 60 cm and the weight is 425-475

grams. This is the IHF size 3.

2. For women above 14, and male youth in the age of 12 to 16, the
circumference of the ball is 54-56 cm and the weight is between 325 and
375 grams.

3. For boys and girls in the age group between 8 and 14 (girls 8-14 and boys
8-12), the circumference of the ball is 50 to 52 cm and the weight is
between 290 to 330 grams.

There are atleast 2 balls available and the reserve must be readily
available, as laid down in the team handball rules by the IHF.

Ball Playing:
There are three basic ball playing rules involving the number 3.

 Three seconds you hold the ball and then pass.

 Only three steps when the ball is in your hand.

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  When awarded a free throw, a player needs to be at a distance of 3
meters from another player.

Then, in addition to this, according to team handball rules, it is permitted

for a player to catch, stop, throw, hit or push the ball with the help of hands,
thighs, knees, torso and head. A player can also move the ball from one hand to
another. In case the ball touches the referee on the court, the game continues.
However, a player cannot be in contact with the ball with his or her foot or any
part of the leg below the knee. Just like in soccer, if the ball goes out over the
side, the opposite side retrieves it and gets it.

Goal Scoring:

A goal is said to be scored when the ball crosses the back goal line completely
within the goal. In the goal area, the goalkeeper reigns supreme. Even if there is
a violation of rules by the defender and still the ball goes in the goal. If a player
scores in his team's goal, the other side gets the point. A goal declared by the
referee cannot be taken back or disallowed in the course of the game and the
entry of the goal is mandatory as said in the handball rules and regulations by
the IHF.

Foul Play:

Pulling or hitting the ball out of the opponent's hand, blocking and forcing the
opponent using legs, hands or arms and threatening or endangering a player
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with or sans the ball are the top three fouls and these things are not permitted. If
a player is fouled, while he or she is taking a certain shot at the goal, the player
gets a 7 meter free shot.

Penalty or Punishment :

For a foul play, normally the referee gives a yellow card or if the foul or contact
is too serious, the referee can give the player an instant 2-minute suspension. If
a player gets more than 2 such suspensions, he or she gets a red card, as per
the team handball rules. A red card results in disqualification and the player has
to go off the court. A referee or another player's assault can lead to expulsion of
the player. This means that the player cannot play for the rest of the game. Any
objection or gestures or argument with the referee can lead to 2-min
suspension.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Google.com

Wikipedia.com

Physical Education Textbook

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