Review of Basic Electric Circuits

• Three-Phase Circuits
– Per-Phase Analysis
– Wye-Delta Transformation

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 1

Three Phase Circuits
(Transmission and Distribution)
o One‐line diagram of power systems

Step up
Transformer

Generator
Transmission 13.8 kV
line

Feeder

Load

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 Three Phase Circuits
o Wye‐connection Ia a

Van  V̂s 0 o V an

ZL

Vbn  V̂s   120 o V cn  n  V bn N
 
c
Vcn  V̂s   240 o Ic
Ib b

Van  Vbn  Vcn  0

van (t ) vbn (t ) vcn (t ) a bc
V cn
van  t   vbn  t   vcn  t   0
positive
sequence
0 120
t 120 V an
120
V bn
2 2
3 3
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Per phase Analysis of Balanced Three phase 
Circuits
Van Vˆ Ia
Ia   s   a
ZL ZL

V Vˆ 2 V an
ZL
I b  bn  s     In
ZL ZL 3 V cn  n  V bn N
 
Vcn Vˆ 4 c Ib b
Ic   s   Ic
ZL ZL 3

I n   I a  I a  I c   0  in ( t )  ia ( t )  ib ( t )  ic ( t )  0

V cn
Ia Ic
a a
 V an
V an 
 Ib
Ia
n
(Hypothetical) N V bn

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 Line‐to‐Line Voltages
Vc
Ia a Vb
 Vca Vab
 
V an 30 o
 Va V ab
 Va
V cn  n  V bn ZL 
N Vb
  
c 
Ib b Vb
Ic

Vbc
Vab Va  Vb  3Vˆs 30 o

Vbc Vb  Vc  3Vˆs   90 o

VLL  3V ph 30 o
Vca Vc  Va  3Vˆs   210 o

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Delta Connection
Phase Currents in Delta Load
Ia a
I ca
I a  I ab  I ca 
V an Z

Ib  I bc  I ab Z
 n  V bn
I c  I ca  I bc V cn
 Ibc Z  I ab
 c b
Ib

Ic Ic

1 I ca
I  Il 30 o
3 I ab
30 o " I ca "

Ib
Ibc Ia

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   Y Transformation
o Allows per phase analysis

equivalent Ia
Ia a
to external a
circuit Z

Z
I ca
I ab
Z Z
c Ibc b c
b

Delta connected load Wye connected load

These circuits are indistinguishable to the external circuit,
when
Z
Z  
3

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010

Summary
• Three‐Phase Circuits
– Per‐Phase Analysis
– Wye‐Delta Transformation

© Copyright Ned Mohan 2010 8