In a study by Hicks (1980), in 83 developing countries between 1960 and 1977, the relationship

between literacy, life expectancy, and growth as a measure of cooperative development was
examined. The findings showed that literacy rates and life expectancy in the 12 countries in
which the fastest growth occurred were well above average values
Just moving with economic size does not reflect the development.

In terms of human development besides national income indicators such as education standard
of living is also important.