MODULE 1: SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

This module intends to let the students:

learn the rules on subject-verb agreement;
apply the rules in making sentences; and
make pronouns agree with their antecedents when used in
sentences.

Introduction

Agreement means in union. It could also mean compatibility between two or more individuals
as well as things. In life, we always have an agreement on things for us to be united. One example
is marriage. Both a man and a woman agree to be married. they have an agreement to love and
cherish each other as well as form a whole peaceful family. Upon having an agreement, both have
the same goal in a sense that they must do whatever the agreement is, just to live life to the fullest.
It is not only happened between people but also in languages as in English language. The most
familiar agreement in English grammar is the subject-verb agreement.

Language Focused

In a correct sentence, the verb must agree with its subject in person and number. The failure
to make the subject and verb agree in number is now considered to be the most common error
committed by many students. This agreement or rule is applied to verbs in the present tense only.

Q: Why?

It is because in the past (except for was and were) and future tenses do not undergo changes
even when they are used with subjects of different persons and numbers.

Q: What do person and number mean?

Person refers to the speaker (first person), the one spoken to (second person), and the one
spoken of (third person). It is easy to recognize the subject in pronouns.

Number refers to the singularity or plurality of a noun. Singular means one while plural means
more than one. Person and number are properties of nouns and pronouns.

Q: What should be remembered as a general rule?

The use of the simple (plural form) and s-form (singular form) of the verb is determined by the
person and number of the subject. It is therefore necessary that the subject is properly identified.

When the subject in the sentence is in the first person or in the second person, singular or
plural in number, the simple form of the verb is used.

When the subject is in the third person, plural in number, the simple form of the verb is used.
But when it is singular in number, there is a need to use the s-form of the verb.

Q: What simplified rules the general rule consists of?

 RULES ON SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

1. The verb agrees with its subject in person and number.

Examples:
☻She works hard in order to finish her studies.
☻The children shout while they play.

2. Words which intervene between subject and verb do not affect the verb.
Examples:
☻My sister, together with her friends, arrives tonight.
☻The bus, loaded with boxes of fruits and vegetables, was abandoned in a solitary road.

3. Generally, compound subjects connected by "and" take the plural form of the
verb.
Examples:
☻Students and teachers need to trust each other.
☻A change of clothes and a warm bath are all I need.

Note: When the compound subject refers only to one person, thing, or idea,
the verb is singular.
Examples:
☻The secretary and treasurer of this class is absent.
☻A bow and arrow makes for a primitive weapon.

4. A compound subject involving the use of "each" or "every" requires the s-form of
the verb (singular).
Examples:
☻Each boy and girl has clothes made of T'boli tinalak.
☻Every man and woman helps this community become more progressive.

5. Compound subjects joined by "or", "either...or", "neither...nor", or "not only...but

also" agree with the nearer subject.
Examples:
☻Neither Analyn nor her friends have seen Chocolate Hills.
☻Either the people or the demon tells lies.

6. A singular verb is used for nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning.
Examples:
☻Measles is prevalent in their place nowadays.
☻Mathematics is a challenging subject.

Note: There are many words ending in "-ics" that may be either singular or plural such as
economics, athletics, critics, politics, etc. These words are singular when they refer to a
school subject, a science, or a general practice. The "his/her", "some", "all" and singular
modifiers do not precede them when they are in singular in meaning.

Examples:
☻Politics has become a way of life to them. (singular)
☻His politics are well-known. (plural)
7. Some nouns are plural in form and meaning. These nouns take the simple form
of the verb(plural).
►scissors, tongs, shears, pliers, pants, tweezers, refreshments
Examples:
☻My favorite pants were stolen by thieves last night.
☻His scissors are used only to cut strings.

8. Fractions may take the singular or the plural form of the verb depending on the of-
phrase. If the object of the preposition (of) is singular, the fraction takes the
singular form of the verb; if it is plural, the verb becomes plural in form.
Examples:
☻One-half of the mangoes are sold.
☻Three-fourths of the cake is eaten by Hector.

9. Words or phrases that express periods of time, weights, measurements, and

amounts of money or taken as a unit are usually regarded as singular.
Examples:
☻About 15% of progress is brought about by proper attitude.
☻Ten days seems extremely long to survive in the desert.

10. Adjectives used as subjects take the plural form of the verb.
Example
☻The hardworking are rewarded.

11. Indefinite pronouns like everyone, anyone, someone, somebody, everybody, one, each one, all
(meaning everything), neither, and either take the singular form of the verbs.
Examples:
☻Each has his assignment.
☻Somebody was quick to report the situation to the dean and discipline officer.
Neither of them was pleased.

12. Subjects modified by each, every, neither and either take the singular form of
the verbs.
Examples:
☻Each student presents his explanation.
☻Either one has become so defensive.

13. Expressions like many a, more than one, not one take the singular verbs.
Examples:
☻More than one person finds it very interesting.
☻Many an individual feels happy about the misery of others.

14. The expression the number of takes the singular verb and the expression a
number of takes the plural.

Examples:
☻The number of cars in the city is increasing so fast that causes traffic.
☻A number of demons tempt good people to do bad things.

15. Many, others, several, few, a few, both and all(referring to people) require the
simple form of the verb (plural).
Examples:
 ☻Like the three magi, many follow the star.
☻All are sure where the star is.

16. A collective noun requires a singular verb when the group is regarded as one
unit, and a plural verb when the individuals in the group act separately.
Examples:
☻The crew works fast. (one unit)
☻The crew were very busy working. (separate)

17. The words listed below are mass nouns. They are always singular and cannot be
preceded by a, an or a number. They refer to things difficult to count.

information homework jewelry

personnel baggage scenery
graft clothing poetry
chalk blood help (n.)
advice money soap
mail(letters)

Examples:
☻Much help is needed.
☻Poetry is difficult to understand.
☻The scenery is awesome.

Note: When a noun listed above is preceded by pieces of, kinds of, collections of,
etc., it is followed by a plural verb.

Examples:
☻Many pieces of chalk are in the box.
☻Rare collections of jewelry are kept in the vault.
NAME:________________________________________ GRADE & SECTION:____________________________

TEST OF LEARNING
A. Underline the correct verbs from the options in the parentheses.

1. The heart, although weighing less than 12 ounces, (is , are) a muscle about the
size of a person's fist.
2. The walls of the heart (contract , contracts), forcing blood to rush out.
3. All of the water in the different cans (is , are) contaminated.
4. Some of the delegates (is , are) disappointed over the result of the convention.
5. Down the road (skip , skips) the child.
6. Statistics (provide , provides) the numerical data in question.
7. Refreshments (is , are) now served at the canteen.
8. Rosa and Lynda (is , are) best friends in school.
9. Many a novel (has , have) been written on love.
10. Six plus seven (is , are) thirteen.
11. Many men today (drive , drives) their own cars.
12. My confidant and adviser (is , are) my mother.
13. One of his dogs (has , have) puppies.
14. Three-fourths of the apples (is , are) missing.
15. Many (has , have) tied to break my record.

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns to complete the article of
Philippine Daily Inquirer. Choose from these pronouns: them, their, they, his, he,
who, and him.

MARAWI CITY - "Death, to the enemies of Mindanao and (1.) _______________

people!" This was how Governor Nur Misuari of the Autonomous Region of
Muslim Mindanao, (2.) ________________ right fist raised for emphasis, ended (3.)
______________________ speech, Friday before barangay officials at the Mindanao
State University gymnasium.

Misuari and the Interior Secretary Robert Barbers were guest speakers at the
graduation rites for the Barangay Administration Training Program. (4.)
___________________ were warmly welcomed by local officials.

Misuari did not mention names, but (5.) ____________________ lashed out at
politicians (6.) _________________ were maligning and destroying (7.)
___________________. He said that they portrayed (8.) ____________________ as riding on
the back of a pig. "That is how dirty (9.) _____________________ are because (10.)
______________ have no arguments, (11.) ______________________ can't argue with (12.)
___________________ rights," Misuari said.

He urged the people to vote only for (13.) ______________ who manifest genuine
love and respect for Mindanao. But (14.) ________________ discouraged voting for
those who malign the people by calling (15.) ___________________ incompetent and
corrupt.
 MODULE 2: WORDS OF WISDOM
What is PROVERB?

According to Oxford Dictionary Proverb is a short, well-known pithy saying,

stating a general truth or piece of advice.

What are the examples of PROVERB?

1. "Two wrongs don't make a right."

- When someone has done something bad to you, trying to get revenge will only
make things worse.
2. "The pen is mightier than the sword."
- Trying to convince people with ideas and words is more effective than trying
to force people to do what you want.
3. When in Rome, do as the Romans."
- Act the way that the people around you are acting. This phrase might come in
handy when you're traveling abroad notice that people do things differently
than you're used to.
4. "The squeaky wheel gets the grease."
- You can get better service if you complain about something. If you wait
patiently, no one's going to help you.
5. "When the going gets tough, the tough get going."
- Strong people don't give up when they come across challenges. They just work
harder.
6. No man is an island."
- You can't live completely independently. Everyone needs help from other
people.
NAME: ________________________________________ GRADE & SECTION:____________________

Direction: Explain the following Proverb and provide your own insights.

1. Anuman ang gagawin, makapitong isipin.

(Whatever you do, think about seven times)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

2. Ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasamang maluwat.

(Truthfulness ensures a lasting relationship)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

3. Ang gawa sa pagkabata, dala hanggang pagtanda.

(What one learns in childhood carries into adulthood)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

4. Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating

sa paroroonan.
(He who does not look back where he came from will never get to his
destination)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

5. Walang naninira sa bakal kundi sariling kalawang.

(Nothing destroys iron but its own corrosion)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
 MODULE 3: PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

Words with a different grammatical form or meaning can be derived from a base word
using prefixes and suffixes. By understanding how these prefixes and suffixes work, it is often
easier to deal with unknown vocabulary. You can sometimes see what part of speech a word is
(verb, noun, adjective etc.), or additional information that a prefix may give.

Prefixes and suffixes - by Viv Quarry.

Suffixes for Suffixes for Suffixes for
Nouns Adjectives Verbs

~ment ~er ~ful ~ive ~ize

~ness ~age ~ic ~al ~ise
~sion ~sis ~able ~ed ~yse
~tion ~ism ~ible ~ing ~ate
~ty ~ity ~ous ~ish ~ent
~al ~ant ~y ~ly ~en
~ance ~ssion ~like ~some ~ify
~hood ~ship ~worthy ~fy
~dom ~th ~ct
~ght ~cess ~fine
~ful ~ive

Suffixes for Suffixes for Suffixes for

Adverbs Professions & people University subjects

~ly ~er ~ics

~ily ~ess (female) ~y
~ely ~or ~ing
~ingly ~ian ~ism
~ist
~ic
~ee
~eer
~man

Suffixes for Prefixes for Prefix for

'Without/small' 'partly, half & middle' 'alone& with'

~less semi-~ self-~

~let half-~ co~
mid-~

Prefixes for Prefixes for Prefixes for

'Opposites / not' 'Too much/little & more' 'Very large/small'

un~ over~ macro~

in~ under~ micro~
im~ extra~
dis~ out~
 ir~
de~
mis~
non-~

Prefixes for Prefixes for Prefix for

'For, Against & Again' 'Before & After' '2 & badly'

pro~ pre~ bi~

anti~ ex~ mal~
counter~ post~
re~
https://www.thoughtco.com/identifying-prefixes-suffixes-and-root-words-
1688945
NAME:________________________________________ GRADE & SECTION:____________________________

Direction: For each sentence below, study the one word that's in bold print. See if
you can identify the root word (or base) along with any prefixes and/or suffixes that
are attached to it.

1. We watched a preview of the 10. Esther quickly reopened the

new Pixar movie. door and called for her cat.
Root: ____________ Root: ____________
Prefix: ____________ Prefix: ____________
2. The dancing cat was seen by Suffix: ____________
more than two-million 11. We stood on a
YouTube viewers. bluff overlooking the ocean.
Root: ____________ Root: ____________
Suffix: ____________ Prefix: ____________
3. The teacher handed out paper Suffix: ____________
hearts to the students who had 12. In today's world, no part of the
done extra work. globe is unreachable.
Root: ____________ Root: ____________
Suffix: ____________ Prefix: ____________
4. The magician made the Suffix: ____________
rabbit disappear. 13. My father never let anyone see
Root: ____________ him dressed informally.
Prefix: ____________ Root: ____________
5. At the end of his performance, Prefix: ____________
the magician made Suffix: ____________
a graceful bow to the audience. 14. Everyone thought that Mr.
Root: ____________ Darcy was the proudest,
Suffix: ____________ most disagreeable man in the
6. Shyla asked the magician for world.
his autograph. Root: ____________
Root: ____________ Prefix: ____________
Prefix: ____________ Suffix: ____________
7. Because of the lightness of the 15. Preschoolers should have
breeze, the sailboat moved quite plenty of opportunities to run,
slowly. play, and listen to stories.
Root: ____________ Root: ____________
Suffix: ____________ Prefix: ____________
8. Despite the heaviness of his Suffix: ____________
backpack, Jack raced up the hill. 16. The speaker pointed out
Root: ____________ the unfairness of blaming
Suffix: ____________ high schools for the poor
9. Some dogs are shy preparation of college freshmen
or unfriendly, and they might in reading, writing, and math.
bark or snap if you try to pet Root: ____________
them. Prefix: ____________
Root: ____________ Suffix: ___________
Prefix: ____________
Suffix: ____________
 Module 4: Imperatives, Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

This module intends to let the students:

 identify statements expressing commands as well as requests;
 distinguish the meanings of sentences connected by prepositions; and
 use appropriate prepositions in constructing sentences.

Introduction

The world moves around the sun together with the other planets in the solar system. As it
revolves, we taste the essence of day times and night times. We, people, are also moving and
doing some things each day. Upon spending our precious moments, we cannot avoid the act of
commanding especially if we cannot do the certain thing or work alone.

God even made His 10 Commandments in which Christian people always give importance.
So, the world now is considered to be fully dominated by commands.

Language Activity

Read and sing this chorus of a song:

Whataya Want From Me

by: Adam Lambert

[CHORUS]
Just don't give up I'm workin it out
Please don't give in, I won't let you down
It messed me up, need a second to breathe
Just keep coming around
Hey, whataya want from me
Whataya want from me
Whataya want from me

Guide Questions:

1. Based on the song lyrics above, what words express commands?

2. What is the main role of the underlined word in expressing a command?

Language Focused

Sentences always generate meaning and have their own purpose. Basically, there are four
kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Since our topic is
all about imperatives, we will focus on imperative sentences.

Q: By the way, what is an imperative sentence?

An imperative sentence is a group of words which expresses a complete thought in a

form of commands as well as requests. This sentence usually ends with a period.

Q: What makes a command different from a request?

 A command is an imperative sentence which simply tells the listener to do a certain
thing.

Examples:
Invite friends to join the celebration.
Come to me and be my love.

It is quite different from requests. Although they both tell the listener to do something,
a request possesses a factor of more respect to listeners. This imperative is commonly used
in commanding elders but it is more appreciated if it is also used to command listener
younger than the speaker.

Examples:
Please bring those books here.
Kindly pick up the pieces of paper on the floor.

Since we are done talking about the difference between a command and a request, we
now proceed tackling about relationships. Speaking of relationships, sentences always
contain ideas which need to be related to other ideas to form a new and complete thought. In
short, we can form a new complete idea by combining two or more ideas.

Q: What words as specific part of speech are used to combine ideas aside from
conjunctions?

These words are called prepositions. They denote different relationships. They are
commonly used to express relationships between nouns or pronouns and another words in
the sentence. In some cases, they can express more than one relationship.

Q: So, what are those relationships?

Prepositions are used to express these following relationships:

1. Place or position
→ at, by, in, over, from, near, around, among, in front of, in the back of, on top of, beneath,
to, up, on, against, under, beside, between, inside, outside

Examples:
☻I want to travel around the world.
☻Rico put his favorite shoes on top of the cabinet.
☻Ophelia is hiding in her grandparents' house.

* at = used for specific address

* in = for name of towns, country, state, or continent

2. Direction
→ toward, into, by way of, from, out of, to

Examples:
☻My mother and I went to the market.
☻Andrew had walked for 30 minutes from their house.

3. Manner
→ by, on, in, with, like, through
Example:
☻I can release my feelings through writing poems.

4. Time
→ at, by, in, before, until, during, at the end of, in the middle of, at the beginning of, since,
after, on

Examples:
☻I am a Boy Scout member since 1998.
☻We will have our warm-up exercises before the discussion of the topic.
☻You should finish your work at exactly 10:30 a.m.

* at = used for specific time

* on = for days and date
* in = for non-specific time

5. Agent
→ by, with

Example:
☻The ball was thrown by Antonio.

6. Accompaniment
→ with

Example:
☻World War II made me left the city with my relatives.

7. Similarly
→ like

Example:
☻My bird can fly like an airplane.

8. Purpose
→ for

Example:
☻We must study hard for our own future.

9. In the capacity of
→ as

Example:
☻I can share my knowledge as great teachers can do.

10. By reason of
→ for

Example:
☻I always go to school for I know, it can also help to improve my grades.
 Some are used to express the relationships in association, in measurement, etc. As we
have observed to some prepositions, they are made up of more than one word. They are
called compound prepositions. A preposition is usually followed by a noun or pronoun,
which is called the object of the preposition.

Note: Prepositions may also function as adverbs.

Examples:
☻Brent reads the sentences below. (adverb of place)
☻I was amazed every moment you smile before. (adverb of time)

Q: How about prepositional phrase? What is it?

Together, the preposition, the object, and the modifiers of the object form the
prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a word-group modifier, used either as an
adjective or an adverb. As an adjective, it modifies a noun or a noun equivalent. As an adverb,
the prepositional phrase answers the questions when, where, why or how.

Examples:
☻Life-giving knowledge is found in the Bible.
☻My assignments were checked by my seatmate.
NAME:________________________________________ GRADE & SECTION:____________________________

Test of Learning

I. Identify whether it is a command or a request. Write C if it is a command and R if it is a

request.

___1. Close the door, please.

___2. Clean the backyard.
___3. May you please give this form to the principal?
___4. Kindly fetch me a gallon of water.
___5. Write a simple poem about bringing peace to earth.

II. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions. Choose from the list below. (Some
prepositions may be repeated.)

1. _____ bed (due to sickness)

2. _____ the table
3. _____ (penetrate) the thick clouds
4. _____ San Pedro Street
5. _____ the center
6. _____ (secret) two friends
7. _____ the bridge (pass through)
8. _____ March 8, 2011
9. _____ the rooftop
10. _____ March
11. _____ 3 Jade Street, 4 Ecoland
12. _____ (traveled) the hills and valleys
13. _____ the graduates (divided the tasks)
14. _____ Rizal Park
15. _____ the basement of the building

III. Underline the prepositional phrase/-s in each sentence.

1. Do you believe in hypnotism?

2. This is a tribute to the retiring president.
3. The second wave of marines came just in the nick of time to save the operation.
4. Often new students lose their way in the building.
 Module 5: Simple Past: Regular Verbs
The simple past tense is one of the most common tenses in English. Its form is the same with
all subjects. It is usually formed by adding -ED to the verb. This page will explain the rules for
forming the tense with regular verbs.

1. Forming the simple past tense

With most verbs, the simple past is created simply by adding -ED. However, with some verbs,
you need to add -D or change the ending a little. Here are the rules:

Verb ending in... How to make the simple past Examples

live lived
e Add -D
date dated

try tried
Consonant +y Change y to i, then add -ED
cry cried

One vowel + one

Double the consonant, then tap tapped
consonant
add -ED commit committed
(but NOT w or y)

boil boiled
anything else fill filled
Add -ED
including w hand handed
show showed
NAME:________________________________________ GRADE & SECTION:____________________________

Test of Learning
Direction: Simple Past Tense Exercise: change the verbs in the parenthesis to the simple
past.

1. They all (go) ___ shopping.

2. I never (imagine) ____ I would see you here.
3. We (book) ___ two tickets for the show.
4. He (collect) ___ his children from school.
5. Were you (frighten) ___ of the dark when you were young?
6. Who (eat) ___ my chocolate?
7. I (feel) so tired that I went straight to bed.
8. We (grow) ___ this tree from a seed.
9. She (lose) ___ her way home.
10. He thought I (steal) his umbrella.