Chapter 1.

The Problem and Its Context

Background
Cagayan de Oro City used to be invincible to strong typhoons until it was hit by
Sendong in December 2011 (Statistical figure of the damages caused by Sendong).
According to the map compiled by the Engineering Resource Center of Xavier
University (XU-ERC), among the barangays badly hit by the storm were, Nazareth,
Carmen, Balulang, Kauswagan, Poblacion, Consolacion and Macasandig. The
aftermath of the typhoon, pushed the local government unit of city along with NGOs
and local universities to lobby for a national disaster management plan; this is now
known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010 (RA
10121). This law is aimed at codifying a shift in the response of local authorities toward
risk reduction, rather than solely relying on response and relief.
According to Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy of RA 10121, (d) it should adopt a
disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic, comprehensive,
integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic and environmental impacts
of disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation
of all sectors and all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local
community; (e) it shall be the policy of the state to develop, promote, and implement
a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP)
that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government and the local
government units (LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster
resilience of communities, and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for
reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster
preparedness and response capabilities at all levels.
The International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, conducted a
study entitled Measuring the Effectiveness of Disaster Management Organizations. It
was stated in the study that disaster management organizations are a relatively new
form of public sector human organization. For centuries, preparing for, mitigating and
helping recover from disasters were an established and embedded part of the local
community’s social structure (Kirschenbaum 2002). This is what Xavier University’s
community-based risk reduction program is all about.

Among the target barangays of the university is Brgy. Macasandig.

1
 After a year of being fully institutionalized, how are the community-based risk
reduction activities received by its target audience through participation and learning?
This is what this study would like to find out.

Problem Statement
This study aims to answer the question, “What did the residents of barangay
Macasandig learn during their participation in Xavier University’s community-based
risk reduction activities?” Specifically, it also seeks to answer:
a. What Xavier University community-based risk reduction activities did the
select residents of Barangay Macasandig took part in?
b. What did the select residents of Barangay Macasandig learn from the XU
community-based risk reduction activities they participated in?
c. What did they understand from those activities?
d. How did those activities help them prepare for disasters?

Goals and Objectives

This study aims to find out what the residents of Brgy. Macasandig learned
during their participation in Xavier University’s community-based risk reduction
activities. Specifically:
a. Find out what Xavier University community-based risk reduction activities
did the select residents of Brgy Macasandig took part in
b. Know what the select residents of Macasandig learned from the XU
community-based risk reduction activities
c. Identify what they understood from the activities
d. Recognize how the activities helped them prepare for disasters

Significance of the Study

2
 This study found out how the residents of Brgy. Macasandig think of XU’s
community-based risk reduction activities. The results of this are beneficial to the
following:
To the university, this study will help them improve their community-based risk
reduction program. As they will gain insight of their target audience’ thoughts on their
activities, it will help them identify areas of improvement for the program.
To the barangay officials, the study can serve as basis to improve
communication of risk information to its residents.
To the local government unit, specifically the CDRRMC, aid agencies and
organizations, the study will help them identify and highlight roles and responsibilities
of the people in disaster risk reduction management; the study will also acquire
knowledge on local DRRM planning, tools and protocols and will serve as a basis to
learn from experience and challenges of selected Local DRRM Councils and to affirm
commitment to DRRM actions in the future.
To the field of communication, this study will add to the wealth of knowledge
regarding the important role of communication risk reduction.

Scope and Limitations

This study was limited to the residents of Brgy. Macasandig who have took part
in any of Xavier University’s risk reduction activities. It no longer found out if the
residents have put the information into practice. Rather, it only found out about
knowledge or information they learned from the activities.

3
 Chapter 2. Research Frame

Review of Related Literature and Past Studies

Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)

Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) is an approach for learning about and
engaging with communities. It combines an ever-growing toolkit of participatory and
visual methods with natural interviewing techniques and is intended to facilitate a
process of collective analysis and learning.
The approach can be used in identifying needs, planning, monitoring or
evaluating projects and programs. Whilst a powerful consultation tool, it offers the
opportunity to go beyond mere consultation and promote the active participation of
communities in the issues and interventions that shape their lives.
PLA has been used, traditionally, with rural communities in the developing
world. There it has been found extremely effective in tapping into the unique
perspectives of the rural poor, helping to unlock their ideas not only on the nature and
causes of the issues that affect them, but also on realistic solutions. It enables local
people to share their perceptions and identify, prioritize and appraise issues from their
knowledge of local conditions. More traditional, extractive research tends to ‘consult’
communities and then take away the findings for analysis, with no assurance that they
will be acted on. In contrast, PLA tools combine the sharing of insights with analysis
and, as such, provide a catalyst for the community themselves to act on what is
uncovered. (IIED (1998) Participation, literacy and empowerment PLA Notes 32
London: International
Institute for Environment and Development)

Profile of Barangay Macasandig

Macasandig is a suburban barangay located northeast of Cagayan de Oro city.
It is estimated to have a land area of 95 square kilometers. It is approximately just 1
kilometer away from Divisoria, the heart of Cagayan de Oro city. It is bounded by
Barangay Nazareth in the north, Barangay Balulang in the south, Barangay Indahag
in the east, and Barangay Carmen in the west.

4
 The population was estimated to be at 30, 000 in 2009, but this was reduced
due to the many casualties of Typhoon Sendong and others have relocated to different
barangays.
Barangay Macasandig is composed of 11 sitios, namely: Macasandig sentro,
Upper and Lower Tambo, Biasong, Tibasak, Upper and Lower St. Ignatius, Mandumol,
Aluba, Sta.Cruz, Buena Oro, Woodland/ Southview Homes, Elena Homes and Box 1.
Currently the barangay is headed by its Barangay Captain, Ernesto Edrote,
together with 7 kagawads Aaron Neri, Amor Sanchez, Eric Edrote, Eric Waban, Mario
Bolanio, Carlson Villegas, and Jesus Olano (Barangay Profile, 2010).

5
Figure 1 Legend of the Map of Brgy. Macasandig

6
Figure 1.1 Map of Index to adjacent barangays of Brgy. Macasandig

7
Figure 1.2 Map of Brgy. Macasandig

8
Risk Communication
According to Understanding Risk Communication Theory: A Guide for
Emergency Managers and Communicators (National Consortium for the Study of
Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, May 2012), all communities need a way to
communicate about present, emerging, and evolving risks. There is a general
consensus that risk communication is a two-way process between the
communicator(s) and the recipients of the messages, but beyond that, different
definitions often include unique variables and understandings. Risk communication
definitions are often similar to the definition offered by Covello (1992), who wrote of
the “process of exchanging information among interested parties about the nature,
magnitude, significance, or control of a risk” (p. 359). Other definitions emphasize the
importance of risk management (McComas, 2006), the need for dialogue between
communicators and stakeholders (Palenchar, 2005), and the necessity of ongoing risk
monitoring (Coombs, 2012). It also stated that organized and centralized risk
communication efforts grew out of legal and regulatory mechanisms regarding
community right-to-know, enforced by the U. S. Congress and state and local
governments, that required organizations or institutions (specifically in chemical and
manufacturing fields) to inform communities of any potential consequences of their
existence (Palenchar, 2008). Congressional action followed a series of large chemical
accidents in the U.S. during the 1980s (Palenchar, 2008), and government-supported
research that identified 7,000 hazardous material incidents between 1980 and 1985
(Falkenberry, 1995). Legislation passed in the mid-1980s included the Emergency
Planning and Community-Right-to-Know Act and Section Three of The Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act that mandated chemical companies to inform
the public of the type and quantities of chemicals manufactured, stored, transported
and emitted in each community (Palenchar, 2008).
As official risk communicators engaged with publics, interest increased in how
such communication could be most effective, with initial questions focused on
message creation but expanding to query how audiences’ process and act on
messages, leading to a deep body of risk communication research. Baruch Fischhoff
was one of the leading pioneers of risk communication research, which built on early
risk perception work driven by Paul Slovic and Sarah Lichtenstein. Fischhoff worked
in this area starting in the late 1970s, culminating in the identification of seven
evolutionary stages of risk communication and best practices (1995):
9
1) Get the numbers right;
2) Tell key publics what the numbers mean;
3) Explain what the numbers mean;
4) Show publics they have accepted similar risks before;
5) Explain how risk benefits outweigh the costs;
6) Treat publics with respect; and
7) Make publics partners with risk communicators.
8) Do all the above
Fischhoff’s perspective is supported by other researchers who believe that
effective communication must take into account how various publics perceive risk
influenced by societal and cultural factors rather than just focusing on science (e.g.,
Adam & Van Loon, 2000; Campbell, 1996). However, since Fischhoff’s seminal work,
additional factors have been identified that contribute to effective public warnings,
including information on how special needs publics respond differently than the
general public to risks and the role of media in educating the public about risks (see
Best Practices).
Historically, risk communication research tended to most frequently involve
case studies and lists of best practices. The focus was often on organizational risks in
the midst of a crisis, including reputation, response, and the success or failure of the
organization in moving forward after the crisis, rather than on how communication
impacted the public and their behaviors (Heath & O’Hair, 2010). Common case studies
include Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol tampering, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the
September 11th terrorist attacks, and Hurricane Katrina (e.g., Benoit, 1995; Berg &
Robb, 1992; Carey, 2003; Liu, 2007; Procopio&Procopio, 2007; Torabi&Seo, 2004). A
major advancement in the academic risk communication research of the 1990s and
2000s was the development of the mental models approach, which provides a
framework to understand preexisting public perceptions of less-familiar and higher-
dread risks (discussed in detail later in this document).
The rise of the risk communication field also saw the emergence of studies of
crisis communication. Crisis communication, often conflated with risk communication,
is a separate field, with its own issues and concerns, but can include aspects of risk
communication. More recently, however, crisis communication research has
emphasized the importance of experiments, while still maintaining the importance of
case study research (e.g., Fediuk, Pace, &Botero, 2010). While crisis communication
10
has historically focused on image and reputation restoration, risk communication has
a tradition of focusing on information presentation, persuasion, and strategic
messaging. Additionally, failures at controlling or managing risk effectively can lead to
a crisis, or a crisis may lead to the necessity for risk communication (Coombs, 2010).
As such, Heath (2010) explained that “a crisis is a risk manifested” (p. 3). Furthermore,
risk communication assists in message development prior to, during and after events,
including emerging risks that are currently not of primary public concern such as
biosecurity or slow-burning issues such as the safety of consuming genetically
modified food. (Pidgeon, Harthorn, Bryant, & Rogers-Hayden, 2009; Renn, 2003).
The conception of risk communication is derived from multiple fields of inquiry
and notably overlaps with definitions of and research on crises and disasters. In the
subsequent review, the term risk communication is used broadly to capture research
on risk and crisis communication. The term crisis communication is also used when
discussing research explicitly on the response phase.
The group found Risk Communication important in the study for it pays a great
role in determining what factor of the disaster risk reduction management program/
activities affect the assessment of the residents of Barangay Macasandig more, in
terms of the community-based activities of XU DRRM.

Background of Xavier University Disaster Risk Reduction Management (XU

DRRM)
As an academic institution, geared to respond to the needs of the community,
Xavier University has consistently given its assistance in times of calamities mainly
through relief operations.
However, in the past decade, the university’s disaster-related activities evolved
to more proactive approaches. In 2002, the XU Civil Engineering Department did a
study on fire hazard mapping of the Poblacion area in Cagayan de Oro. In 2008, the
XU Engineering Resource Center (XUERC) partnered with Barangay Carmen in
developing methodologies for disaster risk assessment and mapping of various
hazards at the level.
11
 In January 2009, intermittent rains submerged a large part Cagayan de Oro,
affirming the need for a disaster risk reduction paradigm. Right after the onslaught of
TS Sendong in December 2011, the Xavier University Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (XU DRRM) Program was conceptualized. Tropical Storm Washi, locally
known as Sendong, left more than 1,000 persons dead, hundreds missing, and more
than hundreds of thousands displaced. Xavier University was quick in providing
immediate relief goods for the survivors while also planning for longer-term assistance
designed for the rebuilding of resilient communities.
According to Lo (2013) on DRRM Researches Book of Abstracts, he stated that
to mainstream disaster consciousness, the XU DRRM had been launched during the
Xavier Day, on the university’s 80th Ruby Anniversary. To date, the XU DRRM Program
is gearing up with various capacity building and advocacy engagements, as well as
the conduct of multi-disciplinary disaster related researches.
The University together with partner institutions built the Xavier Ecoville. This
resettlement site did not only provide shelter for survivors but also provided on-site
formation programs that are the core of the university’s mission as a Jesuit institution.
To sustain these engagements, in 2013, the XU DRRM Program was formally
institutionalized to facilitate the convergence of the expertise of the different XU units;
thus the formation of the XU DRRM Team. The program is envisioned not only to
respond to calamities but also to capacitate various actors and communities in
mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and management in local and sub-national
development plants and projects.
XU is a member of the regional, provincial and city DRRM councils.

XU DRRM’s Components of Community-based Activities

As stated in the brochure produced by XU Press (2013), the XU DRRM has five
components of community-based activities. Namely:

Research
The XU DRRM Team conducts data gathering and analysis necessary for
implementing interventions for the prevention and mitigation of disasters. These
include participatory disaster risk assessment, community-based hazard
characterization and mapping, as well as other environmental and health studies
related to disasters and changes in the local climate.
12
 The XU Engineering Resource Center (XU ERC) is presently the lead unit for
research. XUERC also serves as the overall coordinator of the XU DRRM Program.

Capacity Building
Given the complex geophysical and meteorological situation of the country
worsened by the reality of climate change, there is a clear need to not only reducing
disaster risk but also to adapt to these to these current realities through the concerted
efforts of key actors and community stakeholders. With the XU Governance and
Leadership Institute (XU GLI) as the lead unit, this component extends trainings to
stakeholders as well as assists them in formulating their community-based DRRM
plans which include disaster preparedness and disaster drills.
The University, a small community in itself, also aims at the knowledge
improvement of its members—involving not only its faculty but also its students
through the integration of DRRM in the curriculum and regular activities of their
respective departments.

Advocacy
Part of the program is the dissemination of information and research outputs to
the general public. Knowledge products are disseminated through information
campaign and popular communication channels.
The advocacy component is also engaged in policy review and formulation.
This advocacy component is also engaged in policy review and formulation. This
component is being led by the XU Press.

Response
Since 1991, Xavier University has been involved in various disaster-response
activities—organizing networks of donors and delivering relief goods to disaster
stricken communities. This has been exemplified recently in the series of tireless relief
operations led by the Kristohanong Katilingban sa Pagpakabana-Social Involvement
Office (KKP- ISO): Tabang-Zamboaga, Tabang Bohol, and Tabang Visayas. Through
the years, XU has proven the trust and confidence of generous donors from many
parts of the world.

13
Rehabilitation
In response to Sendong, XU pioneered a university-led resettlement
community, the Xavier Ecoville. XU partnered with the city government and various
local and international donors in providing new homes for more than 500 families who
survived the flood. The mission of Xavier Ecoville is clear: “We are not just building
houses. We are building Communities.”
The background and formation of the XU DRRM is a good foundation for the
group’s study. This will help the proponents to decide on what aspect of the XU DRRM
programs in Barangay Macasandig to give focus on.

Community-based activities
According to Integrating community based disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation (Gero, A.; Méheux, K.; Dominey-Howes, D.; Dalezios, N. R.; Pavol,
N., 2011), It is acknowledged by academics and development practitioners alike that
many common strategies addressing community based disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation duplicate each other. Thus, there is a strong push to
integrate the two fields to enhance aid effectiveness and reduce confusion for
communities. Examples of community based disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate
change adaptation (CCA) projects are presented to highlight some of the ways these
issues are tackled in the Pacific. Various approaches are employed but all aim to
reduce the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of local communities to the impacts
of climate change and disasters. By focusing on three case studies, elements of best
practice are drawn out to illustrate how DRR and CCA can be integrated for enhanced
aid effectiveness, and also look at ways in which these two often overlapping fields
can be better coordinated in ongoing and future projects. Projects that address
vulnerability holistically, and target the overall needs and capacity of the community
are found to be effective in enhancing the resilience of communities. By strategically
developing a multi-stakeholder and multi-sector approach, community projects are
likely to encapsulate a range of experience and skills that will benefit the community.
Furthermore, by incorporating local knowledge, communities are far more likely to be
engaged and actively participate in the project. From selected case studies, commonly
occurring best practice methods to integrate DRR and CCA are identified and
discussed and recommendations on how to overcome the common challenges also
presented.
14
 Global Environmental Change: Community level adaptation to climate change:
The potential role of participatory community risk assessment (Maarten K. van Aalsta
et al, 2007) conducted a study that explores the value of using community risk
assessments (CRAs) for climate change adaptation. CRA refers to participatory
methods to assess hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities in support of community-
based disaster risk reduction, used by many NGOs, community-based organizations,
and the Red Cross/Red Crescent. We review the evolution of climate change
adaptation and community-based disaster risk reduction, and highlight the challenges
of integrating global climate change into a bottom-up and place-based approach. Our
analysis of CRAs carried out by various national Red Cross societies show that CRAs
can help address those challenges by fostering community engagement in climate risk
reduction, particularly given that many strategies to deal with current climate risks also
help to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Climate change can also be explicitly
incorporated in CRAs by making better use of CRA tools to assess trends, and by
addressing the notion of changing risks. However, a key challenge is to keep CRAs
simple enough for wide application. This demands special attention in the modification
of CRA tools; in the background materials and trainings for CRA facilitators; and in the
guidance for interpretation of CRA outcomes. A second challenge is the application of
a limited set of CRA results to guide risk reduction in other communities and to inform
national and international adaptation policy. This requires specific attention for
sampling and care in scaling up qualitative findings. Finally, stronger linkages are
needed between organizations facilitating CRAs and suppliers of climate information,
particularly addressing the translation of climate information to the community level.
These are important studies for the proponents of the group for it gives them a
background on studies conducted before that deals with community-based activities
for disaster risk reduction. These sources will help them in understanding more
community-based activities for DRRM.

Phenomenology Theory
The discipline of phenomenology may be defined initially as the study of
structures of experience, or consciousness. Literally, phenomenology is the study of
“phenomena”: appearances of things, or things as they appear in people’s
experiences, or the ways people experience things, thus the meanings things have in
experiences.
15
Phenomenology studies conscious experience as experienced from the subjective or
first person point of view, in this case, the assessments of Brgy. Macasandig residents
on Xavier University’s community based risk reduction activities.
The purpose of the phenomenology approach is to illuminate the specific, to
identify the phenomena through how they are perceived by the people involved in the
situation. This normally translates into gathering deep information and perceptions
through inductive, qualitative methods such as interviews, discussions and
observations and representing it from the perspective of the research participants.
(Lester, 2009)
Also as stated in Stan Lester’s article, An Introduction to Phenomenological
Research, Phenomenology is concerned with the study of experience from the
perspective of the individual, ‘bracketing’ taken-for-granted assumptions and usual
ways of perceiving. Epistemologically, phenomenology approaches are based in a
paradigm of personal knowledge and subjectivity, and emphasise the importance of
personal perspective and interpretation. As such they are powerful for understanding
subjective experience, gaining insights into people’s motivations and actions, and
cutting through the clutter of taken-for-granted assumptions and conventional wisdom.
Phenomenology research has overlaps with other essentially qualitative
approaches including ethnography, hermeneutics and symbolic interactionism. Pure
phenomenology research seeks essentially to describe rather than explain, and to
start from a perspective free from hypotheses or preconceptions (Husserl 1970). More
recent humanist and feminist researchers refute the possibility of starting without
preconceptions or bias, and emphasize the importance of making clear how
interpretations and meanings have been placed on findings, as well as making the
researcher visible in the ‘frame’ of the research as an interested and subjective actor
rather than a detached and impartial observer (e.g. see Plummer 1983, Stanley &
Wise 1993).
Phenomenology methods are particularly effective at bringing to the fore the
experiences and perceptions of individuals from their own perspectives, and therefore
at challenging structural or normative assumptions. Adding an interpretive dimension
to phenomenology research, enabling it to be used as the basis for practical theory,
allows it to inform, support or challenge policy and action.
Phenomenology and associated approaches can be applied to single cases or
to serendipitous or deliberately selected samples. While single-case studies are able
16
to identify issues which illustrate discrepancies and system failures - and to illuminate
or draw attention to ‘different’ situations - positive inferences are less easy to make
without a small sample of participants. In multiple participant research, the strength of
inference which can be made increases rapidly once factors start to recur with more
than one participant. In this respect it is important to distinguish between statistical
and qualitative validity: phenomenology research can be robust in indicating the
presence of factors and their effects in individual cases, but must be tentative in
suggesting their extent in relation to the population from which the participants or
cases were drawn.
A variety of methods can be used in phenomenology-based research, including
interviews, conversations, participant observation, action research, focus meetings
and analysis of personal texts. If there is a general principle involved it is that of
minimum structure and maximum depth, in practice constrained by time and
opportunities to strike a balance between keeping a focus on the research issues and
avoiding undue influence by the researcher. The establishment of a good level of
rapport and empathy is critical to gaining depth of information, particularly where
investigating issues where the participant has a strong personal stake. Interview
methods and issues are discussed in Gorden (1969), Measor (1985), Oakley (1981),
Plummer (1983) and Spradley (1979) among others.

Theoretical Framework
Theoretical frameworks are different structures around which research can be
designed and conducted. There are a number that are used in qualitative research.
The researches decided to use phenomenology theory. Within the physical sciences,
phenomenology theory is prominent and is described as “a theory which expresses
mathematically the results of observed phenomena without paying detailed attention
to their fundamental significance.”
The term is used to describe the study of structures of experience or
consciousness, appearances of things, or the ways we experience things.
Phenomenology can be thought of as the study of the common ways in which people
experience something.

17
Figure 2. Phenomenology Theory Framework

18
Definition of Terms

Community-based risk reduction activity – activity/ies initiated by public/private sectors

and or groups to the community to minimize risks during disasters
Disaster - hazard which resulted to an event of substantial extent that caused
significant physical damage and destruction, loss of life, and drastic change to the
environment of Brgy. Macasandig
Hazards- situations that poses a level of threat to the life, health, property, or
environment in Brgy.Macasandig residents
Purposive Sampling - the use of a subset of the population to represent the whole
population
Risk communication – exchange of information and opinion on risk among the
residents of Brgy.Macasandig and the people from XU DRRM
Sityo – how the residents in Brgy. Macasandig are clustered

19
 Chapter 3. Methodology

Research Design

This study followed a descriptive design. As such, it described what the

residents in Brgy. Macasandig thought of XU’s community-based risk reduction
activities. It was also a qualitative one because the data collection strategies used was
interactive to discover the natural flow of the events and processes.

Research Locale
Barangay Macasandig is located near the Cagayan de Oro River which makes
it prone to flashfloods. This and its accessibility made it an ideal location for the
researchers to conduct their study. Brgy. Macasandig is currently holding an estimated
population of 30, 000 in 2009, but this was reduced due to the many casualties of
Typhoon Sendong and others have relocated to different barangays.

Respondents of the Study

From an interview with the barangay officials, there are currently 12 sityos in
the barangay and three representatives from each of these sityos were invited to take
part in any of XU’s disaster risk reduction activities. These representatives were the
respondents of this study.
There are 24 respondents, 2 representatives per sityo. The sityos are Tibasak,
Sta. Cruz, St. Ignatius, Biasong, Sentro, Tambo, Elena Homes, Box 1, Buena Oro,
Mandumol, Southview Homes and Aluba.
Of the 24 respondents, 13 of these are male and 11 are female. Nine of the
respondents have a residency of about 11-13 years, and another nine for about 14-16
years, five respondents for about 8-10 years, and only one respondent have been
living for about 17-20 years.

Sampling Method
This study made use of purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling
method. Since the researchers consciously selected a particular group of people who
took part in the different XU disaster risk reduction activities as the respondents for the
study, so as to make sure that the respondents have certain traits relevant to the study.
20
Table 1. Sampling technique used in getting the sample size of the population

Name of Sityo Total Representatives Research Respondents

of Sityo who were able (through non-probability
to join XU community- sampling)
based risk reduction
activities
Centro 3 2
St. Ignatius 3 2
Biasong 3 2
Tambo 3 2
Tibasak 3 2
Aluba 3 2
Sta. Cruz 3 2
Buena Oro 3 2
Woodland/Southview 3 2
Homes
Mandumol 3 2
Elena Homes 3 2
Box 1 3 2
Total 36 24

Data Gathering Procedure

The data for this research were collected through focus group discussions
(FGDs). To be able to gather the respondents, the researchers sent a letter to the
barangay. The FGDs questions were created using suitable questions modified from
related research and individual questions formed by the researchers. The FGDs were
comprised of guide questions, which were related and were of relevance to the
participant’s assessment regarding XU-DRRM’s programs.
All discussions were tape-recorded and written-down by the researchers. There
were two sessions for the FGD -- one for the first half of respondents and the other for
the second half. Each FGD group was led by two researchers. The researchers
divided the respondents so as to have a focused one-on-one discussion with them.

21
 These FGDs varied in length from 45 minutes to one hour. The discussions
were informal and open-ended, and carried out in a conversational style.

Data Analysis
This study made use of thematic analysis as the primary qualitative research
method. Thematic analysis provides a flexible and helpful tool to identify and organize
key themes from qualitative data. This method helped the researchers to analyze what
main issues concerned the respondents of the study who were the representatives of
each sityo in Brgy.Macasandig. Also, this helped the researchers come up with
consensual decision making and key themes that supported the experiences of these
respondents by assessing their learnings from their participated XU-DRRM’s activities.
Thematic analysis is one of the most commonly used methods of qualitative
analysis. Thematic analysis in its simplest form is a categorizing strategy for qualitative
analytic method for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns.

Research Instrument
Focus Group Discussion
This is a procedure wherein experts are asked to discuss answers to a prepared
set of questions for purposes of exchanging views. The researcher served as a
moderator to allow all members to participate in the discussion. As moderator, he/ she
did not provide his/ her own views on the matter.

22
 Chapter 4. Results and Discussions

This chapter presents the findings and analysis of the research study.

Table 1.1 shows the socio-demographic profiles of the respondents of the

research study. This includes the respondents’ sex, sityo they are representing and
the total years they have been residing in Brgy. Macasandig.
There are two representatives per sityo (12 sityos). Of the 24 respondents, 13
of these are male and 11 are female. Nine of the respondents have a residency of
about 11-13 years, and another nine for about 14-16 years, five respondents for about
8-10 years, and only one respondent have been living for about 17-20 years.

Table 1.1 Socio Demographic Profile of the Select Respondents

Sityo Sex Years of Residency in the Barangay

M F
Tibasak 2 14- 15 years
Sta. Cruz 2 14- 16 years
St. Ignatius 2 12- 15 years
Biasong 2 8- 15 years
Sentro 1 1 14- 17 years
Tambo 2 10- 12 years
Elena Homes 2 12 years
Box 1 2 9- 11 years

Buena Oro 2 10- 11 years

Mandumol 2 11- 12 years
Southview 2 12- 15 years
Homes
Aluba 2 10- 16 years

23
 Table 1.2 shows the XU community-based risk reduction activities the
respondents were able to take part in as a whole barangay. This means that an
individual’s own and independent participation (without any consent/approval from the
barangay) in any XU’s community-based risk reduction activities is not to be
considered.
During the FGD, the number of males overpowered the number of females. It
goes to show that men in the barangay are most likely the ones involved in DRRM
activities. Based on the results, the select representatives attended three XU
community-based risk reduction activities. The activities are the following:

 Earthquake Drills
Xavier University Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (XU
DRRM) program conducted a Training-Workshop on Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management (DRRM) Planning for Hazard-Prone
Barangays of Cagayan de Oro City held on July 15-17 at the Harbor
Lights Hotel. The training-workshop aims at capacitating the city at the
barangay level for the extreme weather conditions the country now faces
every year. This was participated by the different barangay DRRM
council representatives.
Impacts on Climate Change and the reality that we are now facing
where extreme weather conditions are no longer occasional events but
the ‘new norm’ was discussed during the 3-day training-workshop. This
was followed by an input of the City DRRM Plan and Program of
Cagayan de Oro. The presentation of the city DRRM plan was to help
the barangay council work their plan according to their needs and also
align it with adjacent barangays as well as with the broader City-wide
DRRM plan. Mapping of hazards in the barangays, and understanding
the risks they face for each hazard was also done during the training-
workshop.

 Multisectoral Disaster Response

24
 Xavier University through Kristohanong Katilingban sa
Pagpakabana – Social Involvement Office (KKP-SIO), the advocacy
arm and lead office of XU-DRRM Response Cluster, conducted the
CDO Disaster Response Conference with the theme: “Kagayanong
Pakigbulig: Lessons, Challenges, and Ways Forward” on February 5,
2014 at AV 1, Old Library of Xavier University Main Campus,
participated by the different barangay leaders of the response mission,
representatives from the civil-society groups, academe, and the
riverside barangay representatives.
Lessons learned by each Kagayanong Pakigbulig clusters were
discussed during the conference. This includes the Medical cluster,
Psycho-social cluster, Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) cluster,
Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDaNA) cluster, relief
Operation and the Organizational Support. Best practices, gaps,
challenges, and ways forward of the multi-sectoral mission were also
identified. Each cluster has norms and guidelines to follow and the
appropriate expertise that apt the needs of affected areas.

 Climate Change Adaptation

Of the results, 6 males and 4 females were able to attend the Climate Change
Adaptation activity. This is so because the said activity invited residents who are active
in their own BDRRM Task Force Units. The others were not able to attend due to
reasons like work, unavailability, family matters and lack of interest in the activity.
3 males and 1 female was able to attend the Multisectoral Disaster Response
activity. This is because the number of participants was limited and only barangay
officials of places prone to typhoons were invited.
13 males and 11 females were able to attend the activity on Earthquake Drills.
This is because the activity was open to residents who were interested in joining. It
was also an open-activity for all residents of the barangay.

25
Table 1.2 XU community-based risk reduction activities select Macasandig residents
were able to take part in

Legend:
A- Climate Change Adaptation
B- Multisectoral Disaster Response
C- Earthquake Drills

Activities Sex Total Percentage

M F
A 6 4 10 41.67%
B 3 1 4 16.67%
C 13 11 24 100%

26
 Table 1.3 confirms how the seminars and trainings helped the select residents
of Brgy Macasandig by participating in the conducted community-based risk reduction
activities by Xavier University.
Based on the results, they have learned about:

 Rapid Damage Needs Assessment (RdaNa) and find meaning of

RAPIDA
Damage assessment can be defined as an analysis of the
damage of either a specific facility and/or a particular area, to aid disaster
managers or task force units in deciding on the type and amount of
assistance required to restore a sense of normality to the affected area.

 BDRR Management
BDRR Management is knowing and understanding the possible
risks that the people may face. The avoidance of hazards from floods,
earthquakes, and the like would lead to minimal or no risk at all, thus
there would no disaster. To decrease vulnerability of possible affected
areas, the people should be prepared and vigilant.

 Climate Change
Climate change is any long-term change in the patterns of the
Earth’s weather over a period of time. Climate change is about abnormal
changes to the climate, and the effects of these changes on other parts
of the Earth, that would most likely be in the form of disasters like
earthquakes, storms, floods, fire and the like.

 Disaster Preparedness
Disaster management is the discipline of dealing and avoiding
both natural and manmade disasters. It involves preparedness,
response and recovery in order to lessen the damage of disasters.

From the results, the top 2 lessons the respondents learned were Disaster
Preparedness and Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management. 10 males and 6
females answered Disaster Preparedness and 4 males and 2 females answered

27
BDRR Management. These results show that men in Brgy Macasandig have higher
interests and involvements in DRRM activities, since most of them are active in their
own barangay task force unit than women.
In BDRR Management, they have mentioned that it is very important to consider
every report coming from PAG-ASA whenever a typhoon is coming.

“Naka-kuha pod mi ug mga impormasyon kung unsaon pagpa-hibalo sa

mga residente sa Macasandig na importante gyud kaayo na dili bali-
balihun ang mga report na gikan sa PAG-ASA, kung aduna man kahay
bagyo na muabotay.” (Edwin Bolanio, Mutisectoral Disaster
Response participant)

(We also got information on how to let the residents in Macasandig know
that it is very important to never take it easy when there’s a report from
PAG-ASA that a typhoon is coming.)
The respondents also stated that they have learned how to
strengthen and improve their task force unit, especially because
Barangay Macasandig is a huge barangay consisting of 12 sityos.

“Mga impormasyon nga unsaon pa namo mapa-kusog kibali ma-

strengthen amoang DRRM. Hilabi na nga naka-tuon mi ug bago na i-
adapt sa task force unit, parehas na lang sa RdaNa ug RapidA. Ang
barangay macasandig, dako gyud na barangay, naa mi diri dose sa
sityo.” (Dixie Beja, Multisectoral Disaster Response participant)

(We know better how to strengthen our task force unit. We learned what
is RdaNa and RapidA and we adopted it in our task force unit. Especially
that Macasandig is a huge barangay. We have 12 sityos.)

28
 The residents also came up to learning that long-term capacity building requires
collaborative efforts, by listening to and learning from local speakers’ knowledge,
customs, and culture, when prioritizing the agenda and action plans.

Table 1.3 Lessons gained from the XU community-based risk reduction activities
Lessons Sex Total Percentage

M F
RdaNa and 2 2 8.34%
RapidA
BDRR 4 2 6 25%
Management
Climate 3 2 5 20.84%
Change
Disaster 10 6 16 66.67%
Preparedness

Table 1.4 shows how the seminars and trainings conducted by Xavier
University aid the understanding of the select residents of Brgy Macasandig from those
activities they have participated in.
These activities helped them empower their understanding and decision-
making when it comes to disaster preparedness.
Residents of Brgy Macasandig never thought Sendong would happen. They
never expected that the constant pouring of rain would lead to floods with a number of
casualties, even death. It was an eye-opener for them, said one of the representatives.
They have now learned all their lessons that the weather can be very unpredictable.
Hence, it is better to be prepared at all times to minimize accidents and casualties.
Today, one of the residents in Brgy Macasandig stated that they began to
become vigilant. They said they already have understood what disasters are and why
they are occurring. They now also know the basic S.O.P.s in preparing for disasters.
They even evacuate voluntarily now, with or without warnings from PAGASA.
After the seminars and trainings, they began to realize the importance of safety.
They stated that they became more responsible in dealing with life because they do
not want another Sendong to happen.

29
 9 male respondents and 5 female respondents answered that they have
understood the meaning of DRRM warnings. This is so because the meanings were
properly discussed during the activities. For example, the residents were able to
understand the color coded warnings for heavy rainfall.

“Katong mga color coded na warnings sa PAG-ASA. Katong yellow,

orange, ug red. Ug kato pod ang kung unsa na mga studyante ang mga
suspend ilang mga klase. Kay kasagara mao gyud na ang bagotbot sa
mga tao kay abig wai klase pero naa man diay, ang kinder lang ang
wala. Ana bitaw. Ug kani pod atong BDRRM, dapat pod gyud na i-apply
gyud to nila ilang mga natun-an. So far, ni-maayo naman pod sila sa
pag kaning pahibalo sa mga tao sa mga dapat buhaton.” (Edilberto
Labnao, Climate Change Adaptation and Earthquake Drill
Participant)

(The color coded warnings from PAG-ASA. Yellow, orange and red.
And also the one when students are suspended from their classes.
Usually, these are the people are most concerned about. They thought
there will be no classes but there is, only the kinder classes are
suspended. And our BDRRM, people must need to apply what they
have learned and understood. So far, the information dissemination of
what people should do is improving.)

11 male respondents and 2 female respondents answered that they have

understood the SOP’s on disaster preparedness. It shows that there are more male
representatives who understood it because they are the ones needed in the task force
unit during disasters and therefore they have the task to properly know and be aware
about it.

30
 “Kaning SOP ug disaster preparedness wa gyud mi kabalo kung unsa
ni sila. Wa pod mi kabalo unsay meaning anang SOP pero pagka-
human sa mga naapilan namo sa XU na mga seminar, dadto na namo
nasabtan kung unsa gyud ni sila. Isa ani na mga SOP kay dili mag panic
aron makahuna-huna ug lihok ug sakto. Dayon i-check kung naa ba,
kumpleto ba atong pamilya. Unya palayo na kita sa mga posibleng
falling objects. Mangitag masilongan sama sa lamisa na lig-on, mag
drop, cover and hold na dayon kita. Pero ug mahimo, gawas na gyud
kita sa balay. Didto na ta sa open area para safe ta. Kining earthquake
drill no, dako kayo nig katabang kay murag orientation na kini sa mga
SOP kung adunay linog muabot. Possible sad kini na mga SOPs sa
uban disasters no sama sa fire.” (Vic Porpio, Earthquake drill
participant)

(We didn’t know about what SOPs on disasters are. We don’t even know
what the meaning of SOP. is But after XU’s activities, it is when we were
able to fully gain knowledge and understanding on what it stands for and
what it means. OIne of this SOPs is to never panic for us to be able to
think clearly. Then check if our family members are complete. We should
also stay away and watch out for falling objects. We need to look for
something that will cover us like a sturdy table. We need to drop, cover
and hold. But it is always better if after that, we proceed outside our
houses and look for open spaces. These are the SOPs if there are
earthquakes. This is also possible and applicable for disasters like fire.)

7 male respondents and 3 female respondents answered that they

have understood the importance of proper implementation of BDRRM. This
is so because most of the task force units’ head are male and they are the ones
in charge on improving their BDRRM system.

31
“Importante gyud ang pag-apply sa BDRRM sa mga techniques na ilang
natun-an para pod ma sakto ilang systema sa pag handle sa mga klase-
klase na sitwasyon.” (Tating Hernandez, Earthquake Drill participant)

(It is always important to apply the BDRRM in techniques that they have
learned for it to be successful and so that they will be able to apply it in
different given situations.)

“Ang importansya sa task force units, kay kung wala ni sila, walay mu-
tabang sa mga tao in times of calamity. Ug tungod pod biya ni sa mga
seminar ug trainings na buo ning DRRM namo dinhi.” (Eric Edrote,
Climate Change Adaptation and Earthquake Drill participant)
(If there is no task force unit, there will be no one governing body who
will help the residents in times of disasters. And because of XU’s
seminars and trainings, we have ormed our DRRM.)

“Ang atong BDRRM, maayo na kay ni-improve jod ilang systema ba.
Gaka-dugay naa gyud silay pag-bago sa ilang pag manage kanang ilang
mga unit bitaw.” (Noel Mabitag, Earthquake Drill participant)

(Our BDRRM has improved. As time passes by, visible changes

are seen in the way they manage their own units.)

32
Table 1.4 Things the select residents understood from XU community-based risk
reduction activities

Understanding Sex Total Percentage

M F
Meaning of DRRM 9 5 11 45.84%
warnings
SOPS on Disaster 11 2 13 54.17%
Preparedness
Importance of 7 3 10 29.17%
proper
implementation of
BDRRM

33
 Table 1.5 indicates how the seminars and trainings conducted by Xavier
University helped the select residents in preparation for disasters. 11 male
respondents and 4 female respondents answered that the activities have awakened
their initiatives and awareness on DRRM warnings. They said that they could not
anymore take for granted the warnings given to them.

“Andam na kaayo mi mga taga-macasandig. Usahay gani na sobraaan

na sa pagka-andam kay talithi lang, hala grab nang pang hipos. Na
trauma naman gud ang mga tao maong inana. Maayo na pod ni among
bdrrm dinhi, bago paman ni sila na mugna peros na apply na dayun nila
ilang nakuha sa mga seminar. Sa karun, daghan na gyuda kahibalo sa
mga hisgutanon matod sa bagyo kay atat na gud ang mga tao na maka-
andam gyud sila so buhaton gyud nila ang tanan para lang ma luwas
sila. ” (Abraham Silawan, Earthquake Drill Participant)

(“We who lives in Macasandig are very much prepared already.

Sometimes we’re overly prepared because even if it’s just a small
amount of rainfall, we already grab and fix our things. We we’re in
trauma that’s why. It’s good that we have our BDRRM here, this is just
new but they’ve already applied what they’ve got from the seminar. So
now, a lot already knew about typhoons because the people are eager
to get ready and they would do everything for them to be safe.”)

“Naka-balo na pod mi sa ilang pamaagi sa pag-pahibalo sa amoa.

Anhian man nila mi pag dapat na gyud mi mu-evacuate.” (Lyda Gaston,
Earthquake Drill participant)

(“We already know their ways on how they let us informed. They come
to us and then we’ll evacuate.”)

34
 9 male respondents and 4 female respondents answered that the activities
helped them improve their capacity in disaster preparedness.

“Wala mi hanaw anang kanang mga dapat himuon kung naay bagyo.
Basta kay manirado lang mig balay, pero karun daghan namig nabalan
pareha sa pag stack ug mga pagkaon, mga inana gud na mga butang.
Na- ingon naman na nila ganina. Naka-tabang gyud sa amoa ang
among mga natun-an.” (Joy Rapatan, Climate Change Adaptation
participant)

(We do not know what to do when typhoons arrive. We just secure our
house. But now, we already have enough knowledge on what to do
like stocking foods for our consumption. Acts like that. They already
mentioned that earlier. What we have learned really helped us a lot.)

Table 1.5 How XU community-based risk reduction activities helped the select
residents in preparation for disaster

Contribution Sex Total Percentage

M F
Improvement of 10 1 11 45.84%
BDRRM system
Disaster 9 4 13 54.17%
preparedness
capacity
improvement
Awakened 11 4 15 62.5%
intiatives and
awareness of
residents on
DRRM warnings

35
 Chapter 5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Highlights of Findings and Analysis

This study found out what the select residents of Barangay. Macasandig
learned from their participation in Xavier University’s community-based risk reduction
activities. Specifically:

a. Find out what Xavier University community-based risk reduction activities did
the select residents of Barangay Macasandig took part in
As shown in the analysis, the respondents were able to join the different
community-based risk reduction activities conducted by Xavier University, namely:
Earthquake Drill, Multisectoral Disaster Response and Climate Change Adaptation.

b. Know what the select residents of Macasandig learned from the XU community-
based risk reduction activities they participated in
As what have been made known in the analysis, the respondents were able to
learn what RdaNa, BDRR Management, Climate Change and Disaster Preparedness
were all about. From these, the top two answers were disaster preparedness and
BDRRM management. These results show that men in Brgy Macasandig have higher
interests and involvements in DRRM activities, since most of them are active in their
own barangay task force unit than women. In BDRR Management, they have
mentioned that it is very important to consider every report coming from PAG-ASA
whenever a typhoon is coming. The respondents also stated that they have learned
how to strengthen and improve their task force unit, especially because Barangay
Macasandig is a huge barangay consisting of 12 sityos.

c. Identify what they understood from those activities

The analysis states that among the different community-based risk reduction
activities conducted by Xavier University, the respondents were able to understand
the meaning of DRRM warnings, SOP’s on disaster preparedness and the importance
of proper implementation of BDRRM. They said they already have understood what
disasters are and why they are occurring. They now also know the basic S.O.P.s in
preparing for disasters like color coded warnings for heavy rains.

36
e. Recognize how those activities helped them prepare for disasters
In the analysis, it affirms how the community-based risk reduction activities of
Xavier University helped the residents be prepared when there are disasters. It helped
them through the improved BDRRM system, the disaster preparedness capacity
improvement and the awakened initiatives and awareness of residents on DRRM
warnings. The top two answers were disaster preparedness capacity improvement
and awakened initiatives and awareness of residents on DRRM warnings because as
the residents said, they cannot afford another disaster that as bad as Sendong.

Summary
The study followed a descriptive design. As such, it described what the
residents in Barangay. Macasandig think of XU’s community-based risk reduction
activities. The study was also a qualitative one because the data collection strategies
that were used were interactive to discover the natural flow of the events and
processes.
The study was conducted with the respondents coming from Barangay.
Macasandig. The researchers chose this particular barangay because Macasandig is
located near the Cagayan de Oro River which makes it prone to flashfloods. This and
its accessibility made it an ideal location for the researchers to conduct their study.
Macasandig is a suburban barangay located northeast of Cagayan de Oro city.
It is estimated to have a land area of 95 square kilometers. It is approximately just 1
kilometer away from Divisoria, the heart of Cagayan de Oro city. It is bounded by
Barangay Nazareth in the north, Barangay Balulang in the south, Barangay Indahag
in the east, and Barangay Carmen in the west.
The population was estimated to be at 30, 000 in 2009, but this was reduced
due to the many casualties of Typhoon Sendong and others have relocated to different
barangays.
Barangay Macasandig is composed of 12 sityos, namely: Macasandigsentro,
Upper and Lower Tambo, Biasong, Tibasak, Upper and Lower St. Ignatius, Mandumol,
Aluba, Sta.Cruz, Buena Oro, Woodland/ Southview Homes, Elena Homes and Box 1.

37
 From an interview with the barangay officials, three representatives from each
of these sityos were invited to take part in any of XU’s disaster risk reduction activities.
These representatives were where the two respondents for each came from.
The study made use of purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling method.
Since the researchers consciously selected a particular group of people who took part
in the different XU disaster risk reduction activities as the respondents for the study,
so as to make sure that the respondents have certain traits relevant to the study.
The data for this research were collected through focus group discussions
(FGDs). To be able to gather the respondents, the researchers sent a letter to the
barangay. The FGDs questions were created using suitable questions modified from
related research and individual questions formed by the researchers. The FGDs were
comprised of guide questions, which were related and were of relevance to the
participant’s assessment regarding XU-DRRM’s programs. All discussions were tape-
recorded and written-down by the researchers. There were two sessions for the FGD
-- one for the first half of respondents and the other for the second half. Each FGD
group were led and facilitated by two researchers. The researchers divided the
respondents so as to have focused one-on-one discussions with them. These FGDs
varied in length from 45 minutes to one hour. The discussions were informal and open-
ended and were carried out in a conversational style.

Conclusion
There were a number of Xavier University community-based risk reduction
activities the select residents of Brgy. Macasandig were able to attend. These are the
Earthquake Drills, the Multisectoral Disaster Response and the Climate Change
Adaptation.
With these activities, the select residents were able to learn about Disaster
Preparedness especially on immediate evacuations and preparations whenever PAG-
ASA gives out warnings. The select residents also learned about proper BDRR
Management specifically on improving their different task force units. Aside from
these, the respondents were also able to learn about climate change, the causes and
the effects it brings and zooming in on how it basically affects their own barangay.
They also learned about RdaNa, what it stands for and how it can be used for analysis
of the damagea in their area, to aid disaster managers or the task force units’ heads

38
in deciding on what type and amount of assistance is required to restore a sense of
normality to the areas affected.
Aside from the lessons learned, the respondents were also able to understand
and were clarified on an array of disaster standard operating procedures in preparing
for disasters and on the importance of proper implementation of the barangay’s
disaster risk reduction management plans and programs. The activities helped them
empower their understanding and decision-making when it comes to disaster
preparedness. They were given interpretations and clarifications on what SOP stands
for and what are the things that are considered to be part of this standards. After SOPs
were made clear, the residents now evacuate even with the simplest reports and
warnings from PAG-ASA. This also included the color coded warnings on heavy rains,
storm signals and on what is best to be done on specific signals and their respective
meanings.
The activities also resulted to a better perspective on the importance of the
proper implementation of the barangay DRRM. From the Multisectoral Disaster
Response activity, the respondents were presented the different clusters that were
brought and applied by the XU DRRM Team in Tacloban after Typhoon Yolanda. From
these clusters, the Brgy. Macasandig’s BDRRM team adapted RdaNa in their own task
force unit.
The community-based risk reduction activities contributed helped the barangay
in preparation for disasters through the information dissemination of the select
respondents of what the knowledge they have learned to the residents of the
respective sityos they are representing.
The activities awakened the initiatives and awareness of residents on DRRM
warnings and played a key role in improving the BDRRM system of the barangay. It
also developed the disaster preparedness capacities of the barangay.
From most of the respondents, it was evident through the focus group
discussions and with their answers that the select male respondents are the ones most
interested and involved in DRRM activities. They are the ones holding the majority of
the chairman positions in Brgy. Macasandig’s Task Force Unit. While the select female
respondents are mostly concerned about the welfare of their own families.
Based on the statements of the select residents, they were able to understand
that by knowing such things, it can never prevent a disaster from happening, but rather
it can help prevent and lessen accidents and casualties. They are more vigilant,
39
especially when there are updates about storms, low pressure areas and the like. With
the help of the XU community-based risk reduction activities, they have stated that
they have also shown more concern to the environment by thinking of ideas on how
to properly segregate their garbage and to improve their sewage system.

Recommendations
Regarding the researchers’ limited time and understanding of the broad
disaster risk reduction management approaches, this study is still expected to seeking
more information and learning opportunities to develop and improve the expertise of
the university, the Brgy. Macasandig officials, the local government unit of Cagayan
de Oro and the field of communication in disaster and risk communication.
The research that has been undertaken for this thesis study has highlighted a
number of topics on which further research would be beneficial.
This research has revealed some perspectives and experiences of a small
group of Brgy. Macasandig residents concerning their participation and learning on
Xavier University’s community-based risk reduction activities they were able to take
part in. Due to the scope and the limitations of the study, the results were not able to
represent the whole population of Brgy. Macasandig residents. This study only looks
at the participation and learning of 24 residents.
The following recommendations are offered for related research in the field of
disaster risk reduction management:
1. Given that this study provides a basis for concluding that the information given
is understood with how they are perceived by the participation and learning of the
participants involved in the situation, defining the points that establish in the area of
phenomenology research construction would prove to be of value.
2. This study will aid and assist Xavier University to further improve their
community-based risk reduction programs. As they will gain insights of their target
audience’ thoughts on their activities, it will help them identify areas of progress and
development for the program. A further research would need to be conducted with
different groups of even larger number of participants so that generalizations can be
made.
4. This study also serves as a recommendation to the barangay officials, as this
study serves as basis to improve communication of risk information to its residents.
40
5. Given that this research concerns the local government, a recommendation to
the local government unit, specifically the CDRRMC, aid agencies and organizations,
is suggested as this will help them identify and highlight roles and responsibilities of
the people in disaster risk reduction management; the study will also acquire
knowledge on local DRRM planning, tools and protocols and will serve as a basis to
learn from experience and challenges of selected Local DRRM Councils and to affirm
commitment to DRRM actions in the future.
6. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended to the field of
communication, for this will add to the wealth of knowledge regarding the important
role of communication risk reduction.

41
 ATTACHMENTS

Guide Questions
A. Participation
1. What XU community-based risk-reduction activities did you take part in?
1.1 How many times were you able to join?
2. How did you know about the activity?
2.1 Why do you think you were chosen to participate?
B. Learning
1. What information did you get from taking part in the activity/ies?
2. What did you learn from the activity?
C. Understanding
1. How did these information improve the residents’ understanding on risk and
hazards in your
Barangay?
2. Why do you think it is important to know these information about disaster risk
management?
2.1 Are the information given realistic and practical? Why?
D. Action
1. How did these information help you in preparation for disasters?
2. Do you think you are now ready and prepared if ever another typhoon hits
the city?

42
FGD Raw Data

Question 1: What Xavier University community-based risk reduction activities did the
select residents of Barangay Macasandig took part in?

RESPONDENT ANSWER
Sanchez Amor “Ang naapilan ra nako kay kadtong
mahingtungod bitaw sa climate change
ug naka-apil pod mi adtong earthquake
drill.”
Ray Balandra “Ah kadtong sa Xavier man to siya,
kadtong disaster response, oh katong
mulstisectoral disaster response. Kadto
siya. Ug kadto pod earthquake drill,
daghan man mi adto naka-apil.”
Eric Edrote “Ang akong naapilan ra kay katong
climate change. Naka participate pod mi
adtong earthquake drill.”
Roger Niles “Naka-apil ko sa kato man tong
multisectoral na seminar, kami raman
mga officials adto gi invite sa Xavier. Ug
pati pod tong earthquake drill.”
Dixie Beja “Naka- attend lang ko adtong
multisectoral disaster response na
seminar. Gi held man to siya sa xu. And
also katong earthquake drill.”
Balinyana Torre “Climate change adaptation na seminar.
Kato man tong sa summer man to siya.
ug katong drll para sa earthquake.”
Emily Lagapa “Katong earthquake drill. Halosa man
kami dinhi naka-attend adto tingali. Kato
pong kuan, ai, climate change. Oh kana
siya.”

43
Joy Rapatan “Nag uban man mi adto ni Emily, katong
sa climate change. Ug sa drill pod.”
Isabel Casatanos “Sa earthquake drill ra man ko naka
kuan gang. Wa na ko anang gina pang
ingon nila na seminar.”
Edilberto Labnao “Katong climate change seminar ug
earthquake drill.”
Tating Hernandez “Sa drill ra ko dai.”
Noel Mabitag “Katong earthquake drill ra.”
Raul Bacalso “Katong earthquake drill ra pod ko naka-
adto.”
Eustico Yari “Earthquake drill ra.”
Edwin Bolanio “Ai naka-attend ko adtong sa xu na
seminar. Katong multisectoral. Pati pod
ng earthquake drill.”
Abraham Silawan “Sa katong earthquake ra.”
Lyda Gaston “Wa man ko ka-apil anang mga seminar
gang. Ai kato rang earthquake na kuan
drill.”
Gerry Medalle “Earthquake ra.”
Fe Campanilla “Parehas ra mi. Sa earthquake drill ra
gihapon ko.”
Vic Porpio “Drill ra gihapon.”
Bambi Medalle “Earthquake drill.”
Cora Padilla “Katong drill para sa kung mag linog.”
Vergie Chan “Katong drill sa earthquake ra.”
Estella Remotigue “Earthquake drill ra.”

44
Question 2: What did the select residents of Barangay Macasandig learn from the
XU community-based risk reduction activities they participated in?

RESPONDENT ANSWER THEMES

Sanchez Amor
Ray Balandra “Kanang sa pag-andam daan sa mga Disaster
gamit sa wa pa gi-abot ang bagyo. preparedness,
Dapat gyud ni siya buhaton. Ug kani BDRRM
pod pag implementar sa BDRRM kay
maka-tabang gyud kini sa mga tao.”
Eric Edrote “Ang kani atong BDRRM sa atoang BDRRM, disaster
barangay mayo kaayo ni siya i- preparedness
implmentar labaw na karun na sige
lain ang panahon. Wa ta kabalo
kanusa mahitabo ning mga
katalagman kung baga. Andam pod
gyud ta dapat. Dapat lang.”
Roger Niles “Learnings are more on education on Climate change,
risk managements and climate RdaNa and
change and what those things are all RapidA, BDRRM,
about. Katong RdaNa ug RapidA, disaster
dako kaayo tog tabang sa among task preparedness
force unit sa BDRRM kay gi-apply
gyud to siya namo. Dapat pod andam
ta pirme sa kung unsa mai mahitabo
noh, para iwas disgrasya.”
Dixie Beja “Mas naka-balo mi unsaon pag- RdaNa and
strengthen sa among task force unit. RapidA, BDRRM
Naka-tuon mi unsa ang RdaNa ug
RapidA ug na-adapt namo ni sa
among task force unit. Hilabi na kay
dako kayo ang Barangay
Macasandig. Naa kini dose ka sityo.”

45
Balinyana Torre “Ang kani gyud pag lahi-lahi sa Climate change,
panahon karun, tungod ra man pod ni BDRRM, disaster
sa binuhatan sa tao. Pabaya kaayo preparedness
ang tao sa iyang palibot, mao ng
manimalos gyud ang nature kay di
man gina take care ba. Ang kani pod
BDRRM ang dapat hatagan ug
importansya kay mao kini maka-ta
tabang gyud sa tao kung
magkahiunsa. Dapata pod andam ta
pirme, di ta mag-salig na naa tai
BDRRM na mui mu luwas sa atoa kay
daghan biya pod ming ga-puyp dinhi.”
Emily Lagapa “Sa una kung kusog ang ulan, wala Disaster
rana sa amoa. Pero karun kung mag preparedness
taligsik lang, makulbaan na dayun mi,
and uban mang hipos nas ilang gamit.
Dili na gyud mi gapasagad karun,
daghan na gayud mi natun-an.”
Joy Rapatan
Isabel Casatanos “Dapata lang gyud ta andam noh kay Disaster
wa man ta kabalo kung kanusa mu- preparedness
abot ng bagyo. May nalang ng buhi ta
ba.”
Edilberto Labnao “Karun man gud na mga panahon, Disaster
ang mga tao tungod kay na preparedness
Sendongan sila mas interesado na
sila maka-balo kung unsa ang mga
angay pang-buhaton kung nay bagyo.
Dili na gayud kita mag kumpyansa
labaw na karun nga naga-lahi na ang
panahon. Tungod niini, ang mga tao
mas naka-balo na sa mga angay

46
 buhaton pareha sa kanang pag
andam sa mga kihanglanon na
butang pareha sa flashlight, alcohol,
tambal, canned goods, kanang
sardinas, pati pod posporo ug kandila
o lighter mga inana gud na mga
butang, kay sa una dili gyud mi inani
ka andam.”
Tating Hernandez
Noel Mabitag “Ang resiliency dayon sa vulnerable Disaster
areas ug ang capacity sa barangay preparedness,
kung ready ba or how well-organized BDRRM
ang BDRRMC sa barangay simbako
kung naay muabot na disaster.”
Raul Bacalso “Ang pinaka importante kay andam ta. Diasaster
Bisag unsa ang mahitabo basta kay preparedness
andam ta, maluwas gyud ta.”
Eustico Yari “Ang pagka-andam sa tao, diha Disaster
makitan kung unsa ba siya mag adapt preparedness
ba sa mga pang hitabo sa kalibutan.”
Edwin Bolanio “Naka-kuha pod mi ug mga Disaster
impormasyon kung unsaon pagpa- preparedness
hibalo sa mga residente sa
Macasandig na importante gyud
kaayo na bali-balihun ang mga report
na gikan sa PAG-ASA, kung aduna
man kahay bagyo na muabotay.”
Abraham Silawan “Karon man gud na mga panahon, Disaster
ang mga tao tungod kay nakabalo na preparedness
sila unsay pwede na pud utro
mahitabo, equipped na sila with the
basic knowledge. Pareha anang kung
mag ulan-ulan nasad, di na maghulat

47
 bitaw na warningan pa na mo
evacuate. Voluntarily done na.
Common sense ba na muhawa na
kay basin simbako mubaha nasad ug
todo.”

Lyda Gaston “Common knowledge natong tanan na Climate change,

man cguro ang Climate Change pero disaster
sa seminar nga gihatag sa XU kay preparedness
mas napalambo pa jud niini katong
mga dili pa kayo klaro na aspeto. Ug
dapat yud kita mag andam pirme. Kay
kung andam kita mas mayo, mas ma
luwas kita sa katalagman.”

Gerry Medalle
Fe Campanilla “Di na gyud kita mag kumpyansa Disaster
labaw na karun nag a lahi na ang preparedness
panahon. Dali na lang kayo mag baha
busa mag andam gyud kita.”
Vic Porpio “Ang kaning climate change na gaka- Climate change,
hitabo sa atong kalibutan karun. disaster
Dapat nato alagaan atong gi-puyan preparedness
kay unsaon na lang kung pabaya lang
ta. Dapata pod ta andam pirme kay
lesson na to ba katong Sendong,
pabaya ra man gyud kaayo ta sa
una.”
Bambi Medalle
Cora Padilla
Vergie Chan “Mas maayo ng andam kita ug Disaster
maluwas kita kaysa anang mag preparedness
kumpyansa na wala pa diha ang

48
 baha, ayha ra lugar ka mangandam
pag naa na ang baha.”
Estella Remotigue “Daghan, kato lagi, katong global Climate change
warming, aw usa pud kaning climate
change. Tungod niini mas nasabtan
pa jud namu kung ngano gakahitabo
ni siya karong panahona ug ang mga
angay pangbuhaton para ma prevent
siya. Less ang damage ba.”

49
Question 3: What did they understand from those activities?

RESPONDENT ANSWER THEMES

Sanchez Amor “Nasabtan nako ang mga Meaning of DRRM
pasabot sa mga storm signals. warnings
Kung kanusa na mag-bantay ug
kung kanusa na mag-bakwit.
Dili ta magpa-taka lang ug
responde kay atong na biya ng
kaligtasan ang gina-hisgutan. ”
Ray Balandra “Kaning mga storm signals, Meaning of DRRM
daghan gyud wa pa kahibalo warnings
anis a una. Sugod adtong ga
sige nag pa-seminar ang xu ug
uban pang mga organization
kay hinay-hinay na naka-hibalo
ang mga tao ani na mga
information, which is dakong
tabang gyud sa mga tao.”
Eric Edrote “Ang importansya sa task force Importance of proper
units, kay kung wala ni sila, implementation of
walay mu-tabang sa mga tao in BDRRM, Meaning of
times of calamity. Ug tungod DRRM warnings
pod biya ni sa mga seminar ug
trainings na buo ning drrm
namo dinhi. Kato pong mga
information about storm signals.
Maayo to siya. Labaw na kay
wa kaayo hinanawan ang mga
tao matod pa sa mga dapat
pang-buhaton kung naa n ani
na signal. ”

50
Roger Niles “Kaning sakto na pag- Importance of proper
implementar sa bdrrm, mao pod implementation of
ning naa na tay task force units BDRRM, Meaning of
ug naa gyud na assign na mu- DRRM warnings
head sa kada isa na task force
unit. Para pod ni siya na han-ay
na ang tanan pag-abot sa
calamidad ug maayo ang
communication sa mga task
force unit heads. Maayo pod to
siya na information ang mga
signals or warnings kung nay
bagyo. Daghan man gina relay
karun sa PAG-ASA na mga
warnings. ”
Dixie Beja “Importante gyud noh na maayo Importance of proper
ang ga lead sa bdrrm kay kung implementation of
dili epektibo ang iyang BDRRM
leadership or ilahang leadership
then wala ranay padulongan.
Ug importante pod na
knowledgeable ang mga tao sa
mga bisag basic lang na mga
terms sa bddrm, kay unsaon
pag-communicate ug maayo
kung wa kasabot ang mga tao.”
Balinyana Torre “Gaka-apektuhan naman ang Meaning of DRRM
Pilipinas ug bagyo sa una ra, warnings, Importance of
pero dili gyud gaka-apil ang proper implementation
Mindanao. Sa una dapat maka- of BDRRM
balo nami anang mga storm
signal, maygani kay karun ila
na ming gipa-sabot kung unsa

51
 na sila. Kanang parehas sa
storm signal 1 na hinay na pag-
ulan lang pero kanunay. Ang
signal 2 sad kay hinay na pag-
ulan pero naa nay kauban
hangin. Ang 3 ug 4 kay kanang
grabe na gyud ang hangin ba
ug kusog na sad ang ulan. Di
na gaundang. So karon, ma
estimate na namo, di nami
muhulat ug warning kay kami
mismo kabalo na sa mga
signals. Kung signal 1, impake
na tag sugod. Kung 2, hinay-
hinay nag bakwit no para di na
maabtan sa 3 ug 4.”
Emily Lagapa “Naka-tsada to ang pag-bahin Meaning of DRRM
nila sa amo ug impormasyon warnings
matod sa lain-lain na storm
signal kay hanaw ba nato sa
una na naa diay inana noh.
Naay storm signal 1, storm
signal 2, storm signal 3, ug 4.
Tabang na pod ni siya sa
preparation sa mga tao. ”
Joy Rapatan “Bago pa gyud mi naka-balo sa Meaning of DRRM
mga meaning adtong mga warnings
storm signal. Importante man
diay kaayo to kay para mabalan
kung kanusa nami mu-hawa sa
among mga balay. Katong sa
gi-ingon ni ma’am na signal
number 1 ug 2 lagi kay hinay ra

52
 ang ulan u gang 3 ug 4 ang
kusog na ang ulan. Sa 3 na
dayun mi dapat mang-bakwit
na.”
Isabel Casatanos “Katong rainfall warning level Meaning of DRRM
gikan sa PAG-ASA. Bago to warnings
siya kay color coding ba. Ang
yellow kay posible ang pag-
baha. Ang orange kay dako ang
posibilidad na mag baha. Ang
red dayun kay expected na na
mag-baha.”
Edilberto Labnao “Katong mga color coded na Meaning of DRRM
warnings sa PAG-ASA. Katong warnings, Importance of
ryellow, orang, ug red. Ug kato proper implementation
pod ang kung unsa na mga of BDRRM
studyante ang mga suspend
ilang mga klase. Kay kasagara
mao gyud na ang bagotbot sa
mga tao kay abig wai klase
pero naa man diay, ang kinder
lang ang wala. Ana bitaw. Ug
kani pod atong bddrm, dapat
pod gyud na i-apply gyud to nila
ilang mga natun-an. So far, ni-
maayo naman pod sila sa pag
kaning pahibalo sa mga tao sa
mga dapat buhaton.”
Tating Hernandez “importante gyud ang pag-apply Importance of proper
sa bddrm sa mga techniques implementation of
na ilang natun-an para pod ma BDRRM
sakto ilang systema sa pag

53
 handle sa mga klase-klase na
sitwasyon.”
Noel Mabitag “Lain-lain man gyud ang pag- Meaning of DRRM
sabot sa tao noh. Maayo na warnings, Importance of
napa-klaro nila sa mga tao proper implementation
kung unsa gyud ning mga of BDRRM
signal-signal kay sayun-
sayunon lang sa uban tao ba.
Maka-tabang na pod biya ni
labaw na karun na sige na lang
ug bagyo. Ang atong bdrrm,
maayo na kay ni-improve jod
ilang systema ba. Gaka-dugay
naa gyud silay pag-bago sa
ilang pag manage kanang ilang
mga unit bitaw.”
Raul Bacalso “Katong mga warnings kay mao Meaning of DRRM
gyud to ang wala kaayo warnings, Importance of
nahibawan sa mga tao ba. Ug proper implementation
kini pod ang pag manage sa of BDRRM
mga opisyales sa barangay na
disaster risk kay sila biya gyud
ang tuohan sa mga tao kay sila
man ang mas naka-balo.”
Eustico Yari “Daghan man kog natunan, Meaning of DRRM
pero ang pinaka-tsada gyud warnings, Importance of
kay ang information na akong proper implementation
nakuha bahin sa mga storm of BDRRM
signal kay wala man gyud na sa
una. Ug kadto pong mga pag
kanang pag lig-on sa systema
sa bdrrm kay dako gyud ilang
tabang sa katawhan.”

54
Edwin Bolanio “Bisan ug wa mi ka-apil adtong Meaning of DRRM
climate change, unsa ba to na warnings
mga seminar. Gina-pasa
gihapon ba sa amoa, kanang
sa silingan gud mga tabi-tabi.
Kanang mga storm signal lagi
daw. Ka dungog naman ko ana
sa radio sa una pero wa gyud
kaayo koi hanaw gud. May man
mi dinhi kay ga-tinabanga nami
ba kay isa ra biya pod mi dinhi,
isa ra ka komunidad.”
Abraham Silawan “Aside sa katong natun-an Meaning of DRRM
namo sa earthquake drill, warnings
katong mga naka-attend sa
uban seminar gina kanang
share-an pod mi ba sa ilang
natunan. Parehas anang mga
warnings na ipahibalo sa mga
tao. Mag sugod man gyud
tanan sa warnings so data
kabalo ta ana.”
Lyda Gaston “Naka-tabang gyud to ang mga Importance of proper
seminar kay kita namo karun na implementation of
gaka-hanay na ang trabaho sa BDRRM
drrm dinhis macasandig. Gaka
apply na sa mga opisyales ilang
mga natunan ba. Mu tuo na pod
ang mga tao kay alangan
naman mag-pasagad napod.
Lisod na.”
Gerry Medalle “Ai kanang mga SOP na atong SOPs on disasters
dapat pang-buhaton kung nay

55
 calamidad, example na tong sa
earthquake drill na duck, cover,
and hold.”
Fe Campanilla “Wala man mi kaapil adtong Meaning of DRRM
uban na seminar kay sa warnings
earthquake drill raman mi naka-
attend pero na hatagan pod mi
ug impormasyon about anang
mga storm signal, kanang mga
warning sa PAG-ASA. ”
Vic Porpio “Kaning SOP ug disaster SOPs on disasters
preparedness wa gyud mi
kabalo kung unsa ni sila. Wa
pod mi kabalo unsay meaning
anang SOP pero pagka-human
sa mga naapilan namo sa XU
na mga seminar, dadto na
namo nasabtan kung unsa
gyud ni sila. Isa ani na mga
SOP kay dili mag panic aron
makahuna-huna ug lihok ug
sakto. Dayon i-check kung naa
ba, kumpleto ba atong pamilya.
Unya palayo na kita sa mga
posibleng falling objects.
Mangitag masilongan sama sa
lamisa na lig-on, mag drop,
cover and hold na dayon kita.
Pero ug mahimo, gawas na
gyud kita sa balay. Didto na ta
sa open area para safe ta.
Kining earthquake drill no, dako
kayo nig katabang kay murag

56
 orientation na kini sa mga SOP
kung adunay linog muabot.
Possible sad kini na mga SOPs
sa uban disasters no sama sa
fire.”
Bambi Medalle “Bisag wala mi naka-uban SOPs on disasters
adtong mga seminar. Na,
murag na-pasa ra gihapon ang
information sa amoa ba kay
kaila ra man pod to namo ang
mga nag-attend. Kaning sa
earthquake, ang pag duck,
cover, and hold, mao gyud na
akong di malimtan kay mao
man gyud ng gi balik-balik.
Wala pa man gyud ta naka-
sinati ug grabe gyud na linog
pero maayo na ning kabalo na
ta daan kung unsay buhaton.
Dili parehas karun na ayha pa
nagka-salimuang ang mga tao
na naagian nag grabe na baha.
Kung kabalo pa ta adto sa una
kung unsay buhaton, gamay ra
unta nangamatay adto ba. Pero
wa man pod gyud to gi-dahum
oi. Lesson na gyud to siya sa
atoa.”
Cora Padilla
Vergie Chan “Katong sa earthquake, kanang SOPs on disasters
kuan man to, unsa gani to,
kanang mag-uko bitaw ka tapos
mangita kag ma-taguan, imo

57
 dayun tabunan imong ulo gamit
imong kamot, tapos mag-stay
lang ka inana hantod sa
mahuman ang linog. Ug kung
naa pod kas gawas, magpa-
layo kas mga poste ug kahoy
kay basin mahulogan ka.
Parehas rana sa pag-baha,
ipang-hipos daan ang mga
kinahanglan na gamit,
maminaw sa balita, kung mag-
signal number 3 na, mu-bakwit
na dayun. Adto na sa taas na
lugar o sa evacuation center.”
Estella Remotigue

58
Question 4: How did those activities help them prepare for disasters?

RESPONDENT ANSWER THEMES

Sanchez Amor “Gina sure gayud namo na Disaster preparedness
sakto ra ang sardinas, capacity
noodles, mga battery, pisi,
flashlight, ug tubig sa
among balay, kay wa man
ta kabalo kung kanusa
napod ang sunod na bagyo.
Mas maayo ng andam
gayud kita..”
Ray Balandra “Kaning mga gaka hitabo Disaster preparedness
karun sa atong palibot, capacity, Improvement of
epekto ni siya sa global BDRRM system, Awakened
warming. Dili lang dapat kita initiative and awareness on
mangita ug mga solution, DRRM warnings
dapat pod ta mangita ug
mga pamaagi na malikayan
kini na panghitabo. Pwede
ta mag himo ug mas dagko
ug lahum na mga canal,
arun pag baha dadto ra
dayun mu padulong ang
tubig. Pero, dapat sa nato
tarungon atong sewage
system kay ga clog lang ni
atong mga canal tungod sa
mga basura. Dapat sa nato
limpyohan atong palibot
ayha ta maka adto napod sa
next step para malikayan
kining mga disasters.

59
 Daghan naman mga
suggestions noh sa kung
unsaon pag-minus sa
damage kung adunay baha,
pero gina ano pa, gina
sabotan pa sa mga
opisyales sa kung unsa
gyud ang dapat buhaton. Sa
karun ni angay man ang
mga tao sa systema sa
bdrrm dinhi sa macasandig,
mu tuman man pod sila.
Ang uban pod kabalo na sa
kung unsa gyud ang dapat
buhaton labaw na kung nag-
ingon ang PAG-ASA kung
unsa na signal na, so kabalo
na gyud sila kung unsay
dapat buhaton.”

Eric Edrote “Kahibalo na kami na prone Disaster preparedness

gayud kani among barangay capacity, Improvement of
sa baha. Tungod ani, gina BDRRM system, Awakened
andam gayud namo among initiative and awareness on
kaugalingon sa kung unsa DRRM warnings
may muabot. Dapat i
prepare nato atong
kaugalingon physically,
mentally, ug emotionally,
kay kung naay muabotay na
bagyo ug dili kita andam,
walay pulos katong mga
training ug seminar na

60
 among naapilan. Isa sa pod
sa kaayuhan aning mga
seminar kay naka-
contribute gyud ni sa mga
plano sa bdrrm. Ug tsada
pod tong gipa-hibalo nila
ang mga tao sa kung unsay
ipasabot sa mga storm
signal.”

Roger Niles “Isa gyud sa mga nakapa- Improvement of BDRRM

tabang sa among BDRRM system, Disaster
kay ang capacity building. preparedness capacity,
Mao gyud ni siya among gi- Awakened initiative and
awatan sa among pag awareness on DRRM
mugna sa among task force warnings
units. Naka-tabang usab
tong mga information na
ilang gipang-hatag about sa
preparation before disasters
kay importante gyud to siya
mabawan sa mga tao.
Importante gyud ang pre-
disaster preparedness, kay
mao mani siyang maka-likay
ta sa mga aksidente or mga
damage bah. Importante
pod gyud na maka hibalo
ang mga tao sa dapat nilang
buhaton, sa ingon nato inani
na orasa na signal no.3 na,
so dapat mag-evacuate na

61
 sila. Kabalo naman pod ang
mga tao ani dinhi. ”
Dixie Beja “Gina andam gayud namo Disaster preparedness
pirme among mga gamit. capacity
Naa na gani mi bag na ang
sulod kay mga sanina,
pagkaon, kang first aid, ug
uban pa na mga gamit na
kinahanglanon kung mag
baha.”
Balinyana Torre “Dapat gayud kita abtik Disaster preparedness
pirme, kay sa bisag unsa na capacity
adlaw muabot ng bagyo.
Nag plano nami sa akong
mga anak sa among rota
pagawas inkaso bitaw mag
baha. Ang mga balay man
gayud dadto sa amo kay
sikit-sikit ug ang dalan pa
gyud kay gamay kaayo.
Katong wala pa nag Pablo
naa na gayud mi plano.”
Emily Lagapa “Katong sa una sa Pablo Improvement of BDRRM
kay gi anhian man gyud mi system
sa mga opisyales para
muhawa na kay kuan na lagi
to signal 3 man tingali to na
kanang dapat na lagi
ipahawa ang mga tao, ipa-
adto na sa evacuation
center. Gi-tuman gyud mi
kay kabalo mi na para to sa
among kaayuhan. Maayo

62
 pod na inadto na ilang
pamaagi sa pag pahibalo sa
mga tao kay sa una wala
gyud inana.”
Joy Rapatan “Wala mi hanaw anang Disaster preparedness
kanang mga dapat himuon capacity
kung naay bagyo. Basta kay
manirado lang mig balay,
pero karun daghan namig
nabalan pareha sa pag
stack ug mga pagkaon, mga
inana gud na mga butang.
Na- ingon naman na nila
ganina. Naka-tabang gyud
sa amoa ang among mga
natun-an.”
Isabel Casatanos
Edilberto Labnao “Naa mi second floor sa Disaster preparedness
among balay, ug isa sa mga capacity, Awakened initiative
kwarto kay makitan gyud and awareness on DRRM
nimo dadto ang mga butang warnings
na kailangan in kaso mag
baha o nai bagyo. Ug kung
signalan name sa mga
opisyales kay muanhi man
gyud na sila dinhi sa among
lugar kung ipa-evacuate na,
muhawa gyud mi.”

Tating Hernandez “Andam gayud mi pirme. Awakened initiative and

Mag hulat lang mis signal awareness on DRRM
nila para mag evacuate. Mu warnings

63
 dretso na dayun mis
evacuation.”
Noel Mabitag “Tungod sa mga seminars Improvement of BDRRM
sa gi-hatag sa Xavier, naka- system, Disaster
tabang gyud ni siya sa pag preparedness capacity,
kaning mugna sa barangay Awakened initiative and
na disaster risk awareness on DRRM
management kay karun naa warnings
na silay systema sugod sa
pag-pahibalo sa mga tao
taman sa pag luwas sa mga
tao. Ang mga tao sab karun
din a gapa-baya. Makitan
gyud nimo na andam na sila
sa kung unsa mai mahitabo
na calamidad dinhi sa
among lugara. Ug daghan
na pod sa ilaha na kahibalo
na kung unsa ng mga
ipasabot sa storm signal
number1, number 2, number
3, ug number 4.”
Raul Bacalso “Una sa tanan dakong Improvement of BDRRM
salamat namo sa Xavier system, Disaster
tungod sa ilang mga preparedness capacity,
trainings ug seminars napa- Awakened initiative and
maayo gayud ang drrm dinhi awareness on DRRM
sa barangay macasandig. warnings
Ug ika-duha, ang mga
residente dinhi pirteng
andama na sa kung unsa
mai muabotay na bagyo.
Ang uban gamay lang na

64
 ulan, ipang sang-at na daan
ang gamit. Inana sila ka
abtik ug ka-andam. Ika-tulo,
mas kahibalo na ang mga
tao dinhi tungod sa ilang
natun-an sama sa mga
klase-klase na storm signal
ug kanin mga warning pod
sa barangay. ”
Eustico Yari “Di na gyud dapat mag Disaster preparedness
kumpyansa ang mga tao capacity, Awakened initiative
noh kay lisod na kaayo and awareness on DRRM
mawad-an tag mga butang, warnings
labaw na atong balay, pero
mas lisod kung kinabuhi ang
mawala busa dapat
mangandam gyud kita. Ug
Isa sa mga pag-pangandam
sa mga tao ka yang kaning
pag-tuon kung unsa ning
mga klase-klase na signa sa
bagyo kay para pod di ta
ignorante. Ignorant eta, dali
rata mamatay ana.”
Edwin Bolanio “Dapat dili kita mag salig sa Disaster preparedness
atong mga opisyales kay capacity, Improvement of
naa pod bya silay mga BDRRM system, Awakened
pamilya. Gapaminaw gayud initiative and awareness on
mi ug radyo ara sa mga DRRM warnings
balita bahin sa bagyo ug
uban pang mga calamidad.
Ang radyo gayud ang
among ga saligan pag abot

65
 sa bagyo kay mao ra man
pod ang ma dala-dala ra
gud ug di na kailangan i
charge, di parehas sa atong
mga cellphone na dali ra
mawadan ug battery ug
kailangan pag kuryente para
ma charge. Kani pod atong
bdrrm, maayo na kay gaka-
hanas na sila sa ilang dapat
pang-buhaton kung nay
mga report na nay
muabotay na calamidad, per
dapat gihapon ta mag-
andam sa atong mga
kaugalingon. Isa sa mga
pag-andam kay bisan kining
pag-ano kanang kabalo lang
ka sa kung unsay ipasabot
sa mga storm signal kay
gina-announce man gyud
nas radio, so kabalo na ka
kung unsa imong buhaton. ”
Abraham Silawan “Andam na kaayo mi mga Disaster preparedness
taga-macasandig. Usahay capacity, Improvement of
gani na sobraaan na sa BDRRM system, Awakened
pagka-andam kay talithi initiative and awareness on
lang, hala grab nang pang DRRM warnings
hipos. Na trauma naman
gud ang mga tao maong
inana. Maayo na pod ni
among bdrrm dinhi, bago
paman ni sila na mugna

66
 peros na apply na dayun
nila ilang nakuha sa mga
seminar. Sa karun, daghan
na gyuda kahibalo sa mga
hisgutanon matod sa bagyo
kay atat na gud ang mga tao
na maka-andam gyud sila
so buhaton gyud nila ang
tanan para lang ma luwas
sila. ”
Lyda Gaston “Naka-balo na pod mi sa Awakened initiative and
ilang pamaagi sa pag- awareness on DRRM
pahibalo sa amoa. Anhian warnings
man nila mi pag dapat na
gyud mi mu-evacuate.”
Gerry Medalle “Very helpful kay siyempre Awakened initiative and
ni experience ta ug disaster, awareness on DRRM
ni experience ta ug warnings, Improvement of
kalamidad unya plus inputs BDRRM system
pa gyud based on the
experience, inputs from
other organizations, other
academes, so helpful gyud
kaayo. Nakatabang siya kay
mas napalawak niini among
knowledge labaw na sa mga
storm signals ug kaning
mga warnings sa atong
BDRRM kung naa nai
bagyo. Tungod pod ani na
ka-himo na silag systema na
epektibo gayud, ma apply
gyud dinhi sa macasandig.”

67
Fe Campanilla “Karun ra man na na gipa- Awakened initiative and
hibalo name kung unsay awareness on DRRM
pasabot anang mga signal warnings
sa bagyo. Mas mayo pod
kay maka-tabang sa amoa.”
Vic Porpio “Ni –lambo gyud ang drrm Improvement of BDRRM
sa dinhi sa macasandig system, Awakened initiative
sugod adtong ga-conduct na and awareness on DRRM
ang xu ug uban pang mga warnings
organization ug mga
seminar mahintungod sa
mga calamidad. Mas ni-
effective pod ang pag
responde sa mga residente
sa mga warnings sa mga
opisyales kung adunay
bagyo o calamidad.”
Bambi Medalle
Cora Padilla
Vergie Chan “Pirme gayud na nako gina Awakened initiative and
pa tanaw sa pag asa na awareness on DRRM
website para sa mga balita warnings
bahin sa mga bagyo akong
lalaki na anak. Kami pod,
pirme pod mi gapaminaw sa
radio ug ga tanaw pod mis
tv para sa mga balita matod
sa kanang mga inana.”
Estella Remotigue

68
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Flick, U., Von Kardorff, E., and Steinke, I. (2004) 'A companion to qualitative research',
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Flick, U. (2009) 'An introduction to qualitative research', Sage Publications Ltd.

Patton, M. (2002) 'Qualitative research and evaluation methods', Sage Publications

Ltd.

Arksey, H. and Knight, P. (1999) 'Interviewing for social scientists: An introductory

iiiiiiresourcewith examples', Sage Publications Ltd.

Von Eye, A. and Niedermeier, K. (1999) 'Statistical analysis of longitudinal categorical

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Lambie, John A.; Marcel, Anthony J.Consciousness and the varieties of emotion
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Xavier University Engineering Resource Center (2013). DRRM Researches Book of

iiiiiiAbstracts

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