याांत्रिकी अभियाांत्रिकी वििाग,

मोतीलाल नेहरु राष्ट्रीय प्रोद्योगिकी संस्थान इलाहाबाद, प्रयागराज -२११००४ (भारत)

Mechanical Engineering Department,

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj-211004(India)

Internal Combustion Engine and Pollution (ME16105)

Tutorial-I

1. Describe the major functions of the following reciprocating engine components: piston,
connecting rod, crankshaft, cam and cam shaft, valves, intake and exhaust manifolds.
2. List five important differences between the design and operating characteristics of SI and CI
engines.
3. Indicate the approximate crank angle at which the following events in the four-stroke and
two-stroke internal combustion engine cycles occur on a line representing the full cycle (7200
for the four-stroke cycle; 3600 for the two-stroke cycle): bottom- and top-center crank
positions, inlet and exhaust valve or port opening and closing, start of combustion process,
end of combustion process, maximum cylinder pressure.
4. The two-stroke cycle has twice as many power strokes per crank revolution as the four-stroke
cycle. However, two-stroke cycle engine power outputs per unit displaced volume are less
than twice the power output of an equivalent four-stroke cycle engine at the same engine
speed. Suggest reasons why this potential advantage of the two- stroke cycle is offset in
practice.
5. Suggest reasons why multi cylinder engines prove more attractive than single-cylinder
engines once the total engine displaced volume exceeds a few hundred cubic centimeters.
6. Explain why the brake mean effective pressure of a naturally aspirated diesel engine is lower
than that of a naturally aspirated spark-ignition engine. Explain why the bmep is lower at the
maximum rated power for a given engine than the bmep at the maximum torque.
7. Calculate the mean piston speed, bmep and specific power of the spark-ignition engines in
Figs. 1-4, 1-9 and 1-12 at their maximum rated power given in Internal combustion Engine
Fundamentals by J.B. Heywood.
8. Calculate the mean piston speed, bmep and specific power of the diesel engines in Figs. 1-20,
1-21, 1-23 and 1-24 at their maximum rated power given in Internal combustion Engine
Fundamentals by J.B. Heywood.
9. The brake fuel conversion efficiency of a spark-ignition engine is 0.3, and varies little with
fuel type. Calculate the brake specific fuel consumption for isooctane, gasoline, methanol,
and hydrogen (relevant data are in App. D, J.B. Heywood)
 याांत्रिकी अभियाांत्रिकी वििाग,
मोतीलाल नेहरु राष्ट्रीय प्रोद्योगिकी संस्थान इलाहाबाद, प्रयागराज -२११००४ (भारत)

Mechanical Engineering Department,

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj-211004(India)

10. You are designing a four-stroke cycle diesel engine to provide a brake power of 300 kW
naturally aspirated at its maximum rated speed. Based on typical values for brake mean
effective pressure and maximum mean piston speed, estimate the required engine
displacement, and the bore and stroke for sensible cylinder geometry and number of engine
cylinders. What is the maximum rated engine speed (rev/min) for your design? What would
be the brake torque (N-m) and the fuel flow rate (g/h) at this maximum speed? Assume a
maximum mean piston speed of 12 m/s is typical of good engine designs.

11. Isooctane is supplied to a four-cylinder spark-ignition engine at 2 g/s. Calculate the air flow
rate for stoichiometric combustion. If the engine is operating at 1500 rev/min, estimate the
mass of fuel and air entering each cylinder per cycle. The engine displaced volume is 2.4
liters. What is the volumetric efficiency to be 0.3.