Date:

Practical no:
Aim: Obtain frequency response of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits.
Apparatus : Resistors ,Capacitor ,CRO ,Function generator.
Theory :
The pre-emphasis circuit is basically a high pass filter. The artificial boosting of higher
modulating frequencies is called as pre-emphasis. The modulating AF signal is passed
through a high pass RC filter, before applying it to the FM modulator.

In high speed digital transmission, pre-emphasis is used to improve signal quality at the
output of a data transmission. In transmitting signals at high data rates, the transmission
medium may introduce distortions, so pre-emphasis is used to distort the transmitted signal to
correct for this distortion.

Pre-emphasis is commonly used in telecommunications, digital audio recording, record

cutting, in FM broadcasting transmissions, and in displaying the spectrograms of speech
signals.

The cut-off frequency can be given as:

Fc =1/ (2RC)

The artificial boosting given to the higher modulating frequencies in the process of pre-
emphasis is nullified or compensated at the receiver by a process called as “De-emphasis”. In
telecommunication, de-emphasis is the complement of pre-emphasis, in the anti noise system
called emphasis.

Emphasis is a system process designed to decrease, the magnitude of higher frequencies with
respect to the magnitude of other lower frequencies in order to improve the overall signal-to-
noise ratio by minimizing the adverse effects of such phenomena as attenuation differences or
saturation of recording media in subsequent parts of the system.

In serial data transmission, de-emphasis has a different meaning, which is to reduce the level
of all bits except the first one after a transition. That causes the high frequency content due to
the transition to be emphasized compared to the low frequency content which is de-
emphasized. This is a form of transmitter equalization; it compensates for losses over the
channel which is larger at higher frequencies.

The 75µsec de-emphasis circuit works as a low pass filter. 75µsec De-emphasis corresponds
to a frequency response curve that is 3 db down at a frequency whose RC time constant is
75µsec.By using the de-emphasis circuit the artificial boosted high frequencies are brought to
their original amplitude.
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown for the pre-emphasis/ De-emphasis
circuit.
2. Set the input voltage by using the function generator.
3. The input voltage is provided to the circuit and the output voltage is
measured.
4. Now for a constant value of input voltage the value of the frequency is
varied and the output is observed and measured on the CRO.
5. A graph is plotted between gain and frequency.

Observation Table:
Pre-emphasis:

Vin= volt

Sr. No. Frequency Vo (volts) Gain

De-emphasis:

Vin= volt

Sr. No. Frequency Vo (volts) Gain

Conclusion :
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______________________________________