A LOOKED BACK:

AGRARIAN
REFORM
AGRARIAN REFORM IS CONSIDERED WIDER THAN
LAND REFORM. THE TERM COMPRISES NOT
ONLY LAND REFORM (SUCH AS THE REFORM
OF TENURE, PRODUCTION AND SUPPORTING
SERVICES STRUCTURES) BUT ALSO THE REFORM
AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEMENTARY
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK SUCH AS
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES OF THE
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, RURAL EDUCATIONAL
AND SOCIAL WELFARE INSTITUTIONS AND NOT
LIMITED SIMPLY TO THE QUESTION OF THE
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FARMERS TO THE
LAND..
A. ROOTS OF LAND OWNERSHIP

PRE-COLONIAL TIME
BARANGAY
* PRACTICE OF “STEWARDSHIP”
* KAINGIN SYSTEM
* FOOD PRODUCTION WAS INTENTED FOR
FAMILY CONSUMPTION ONLY
* PRACTICE OF TRADING TO FOREIGN TRADERS
* MARAGATS CODE
* CODE OF LUWARANWAS
SPANISH ERA
* PUEBLO
* HACIENDA SYSTEM
* LAW OF INDIES
- REPARTIAMENTOS
* ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM
* COMPRAS Y VANDALAS SYSTEM
* 1865, LAW TO REGISTER LANDS WAS
IMPLEMENTED
* 1893, LEY HIPOTECARIA OR MORTGAGE LAW
* 1894, THE MAURA LAW OR ROYAL DECREE OF
1894
* 1896, REVOLUTION OF PEASANTS & FARMERS
UPROSE
AMERICAN ERA (1898-1935)
* PHILIPPINE BILL OF 1902
* TORRENS SYSTEM OF LAND REGISTRATION
* LAND REGISTRATION ACT OF 1902 OR ACT
NO. 496
* CADASTRAL ACT OR ACT NO. 2259
* HOMESTEAD PROGRAM WAS INTRODUCED IN
1903
* FIRST PUBLIC LAND ACT OR ACT NO. 926
* SECOND PUBLIC LAND ACT OF 1919 OR ACT
NO. 2874
* ACT NO. 141 AMENDED ACT NO. 2874
* FRIAR LAND ACT OR ACT NO. 1120
* RICE SHARE TENANCY ACT OF 1933 OR ACT
NO. 4054
* SUGARCANE TENANCY CONTRACT ACT OF
1933 OR ACT NO. 4113
* GROUPS OF PEASANTS UPROSE HEADED BY
COLORUM & SAKDALISTAO OF LUZON &
NORTHEASTERN MINDANAO
* THE UPROSE RESULT TO THE BIRTH OF
COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COMMONWEALTH YEARS
* LANDLORDS BECAME RICHER AND
POWERFUL
* TENANTS WERE DEPRIVED OF THEIR RIGHTS
* HACIENDAS WERE POORLY & UNJUSTLY
MANAGED
* PEASANTS UPRISING BECAME WIDESPREAD
ALL OVER THE COUNTRY
* GOVERNMENT SOLUTION WAS:
- PURCHASING OF FRIARS LAND
- PROPERLY IMPLEMENTATION OF
HOMESTEAD PROGRAM
JAPANESE ERA
* BIRTH OF HUKBALAHAP OR HUKBO NG
BAYAN LABAN SA MGA HAPON ON
MARCH 29, 1942
* HUKBALAHAP ABLE TO GET LANDS
FROM LANDLORDS
* AT THE END, THE LANDLORDS RETRIVED
THEIR LANDS FROM HUKBALAHAP
B. EVOLUTION OF INITIATIVES ON LAND
REFORM

MANUEL L. QUEZON (1935-1944)

*THE RICE OF TENANCY OR RA 4054
*COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 461
*COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 608
*THE RICE TENANCY ACT (ACT NO.4054)
*THE HOMESTEAD PROGRAM CONTINUED
THROUGH THE CREATION OF THE NATIONAL
LAND SETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION (CA NO.
441) AND TENANCY PROBLEMS WERE COVERED
THROUGH CA NOS.461 AND 608.
MANUEL ROXAS (1946-1948)

*THE REPUBLIC ACT NO.34

*PURCHASED OF LAND IN BATANGAS
OWNED BY
ZOBEL - AYALA WERE SOLD TO
LANDLESS FARMERS.
 ELPIDIO QUIRINO (1948-1953)

*EXECUTIVE ORDER NO.355

*THE LAND SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION (LASEDECO) WAS ESTABLISH
TO
ACCELERATE AND EXPAND THE PEASANT RE
LEMENT PROGRAM OF THE
GOVERNMENT.HOWEVER
,DUE TO LIMITED POST-WAR RESOURCES , TH
PROGRAM WAS NOT SUCCESFUL.
C. SOWING THE SEEDS OF AGRARIAN
REFORM THROUGH STAGES

FIRST STAGE – SHARE TENANCY

*RAMON MAGSAYSAY (1953-1957)
*R.A. NO. 1199 (1954)
*R.A. NO. 1160 (1954)
*R.A. NO. 1400 (1955)
*R.A NO. 1266 (1955)
*AGRICULTURAL CREDIT AND COOPERATIE
ANCING ADMINISTRATION (ACCFA)
*FARMERS COOPERATIVES AND MARKETING
ASSOCIATIONS (FACOMAs)
*NATIONAL RESSETLEMENT AND REHABILIT
ON ADMINISTRATION (NARRA)
*CARLOS P. GARCIA (1957-1961)

*THERE WAS NO LEGISLATION PASSED IN

GARCIA’S TERM BUT HE CONTINUED TO
IMPLEMENT THE LAND REFORM PROGRAM
OF
PRESIDENT MAGSAYSAY.
*SECOND STAGE – AGRICULTURAL LEASEHOLD
Diosdado Macapagal(1961-
1965)
“Father of Agrarian Reform”
*Agricultural Land Reform Code or RA No.
3844 was enacted.

*RA NO. 3844 ABOLISHED SHARE

TENANCY IN THE PHILIPPINES.
THIRD STAGE – FULL OWNERSHIP
FERDINAND E. MARCOS(1965-1986)
* CODE OF AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE
PHILIPPINES OR RA NO. 6389
- AMENDED SEVERAL PROVISION OF
AGRICULTURAL LAND REFORM CODE
- CREATED DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN
REFORM
- AN AGRARIAN REFORM SPECIAL ACCOUNT IN
THE GENERAL FUND WAS CREATED
* RA NO. 6390
* PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 2
- PUT THE WHOLE COUNTRY UNDER AR
* PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 27
* THESE WAS CALLED “ REVOLUTIONARY”
* THESE REFORM WAS CHARACTERIZED
BY COMPONENTS: LAND TENURE
PROGRAM, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT,
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT & HUMAN RESOURCES
D. FULFILLING THE PROMISE OF FULL
OWNERSHIP THROUGH THE COMPREHENSIVE
AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM
CORAZON C. AQUINO(1986-1992)
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION AFFIRMED THAT “THE
STATE SHALL PROMOTE COMPREHENSIVE
RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRARIAN
REFORM.’ (ARTICLE 2, SECTION 21)
* PROCLAMATION 131INSTITUTED THE
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM
PROGRAM (CARP
- PROVIDED THE AGRARIAN REFORM FUND
LASTED FROM 1987 - 1997
* EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO) NO. 129
- REORGANIZED, EXPANDED IN POWER &
OPERATION OF DAR
* EO 228 DECLARED THE FULL
OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND
* EO 229 LISTASAKA
* RA 6657 OR CAR LAW
RA 6657 OR CAR LAW
CARP, OR THE COMPREHENSIVE
AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM IS THE
REDISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
AGRICULTURAL LANDS TO FARMERS AND
OTHER FARMWORKERS WHO ARE LANDLESS
CARP’S VISION IS TO HAVE AN EQUITABLE
LAND OWNERSHIP WITH EMPOWERED
AGRARIAN REFORM BENEFICIARIES WHO CAN
EFFECTIVELY MANAGE THEIR ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT TO HAVE A BETTER
QUALITY OF LIFE.
Target 10.3 million
distribution hectares
(original plan)
Target 8.06 million
distribution hectares
(diminished on
1996)
On 1998, it did not achieved the target
distribution. On 2003, after 15 years of
implementation, 6.01 million hectares
or 75% only of 8.06 million hectares
were distributed.
IMPLEMENTING AND HELPING AGENCIES

Department of Department of National

Agriculture Agrarian Reform Irrigation
Administration

National Food International Rice

Authority Research
Institute
FIDEL V. RAMOS (1992 – 1998)
THIS ADMINISTRATION WAS RECOGNIZED FOR :
*BRINGING BACK SUPPORT OF KEY
STAKEHOLDERS OF CARP BY BRINGING
CERTAIN POLICY GAPS ON LAND ACQUISITION
AND DISTRIBUTION, LAND EVALUATION AND
CASE RESOLUTION
*ENHANCING INTERNAL OPERATING SYSTEM
AND STRENGTHENING THE CAPABILITIES OF THE
DAR BUREAUCRACY
*TAPPING MORE RESOURCES TO HELP
IMPLEMENT THE PROGRAM
JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA (1998 – 2001)

MAGKASAKA: MAGKABALIKAT PARA SA

KAUNLARANG AGRARYO
* DIRECTED TO INVESTORS
* AIMS TO ENCOURAGE INVESTORS TO
BRING INVESTMENT
* REWORKS PERFORMANCE TARGETS
GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO ( 2001 – 2010)
BAYAN-ANIHAN
*UNITED PEOPLE WORKING TOGETHER FOR THE
SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF AR
<FRAMEWORK>
* SALIN-LUPA:ACCELARATING LAND TRANSFER &
IMPROVING LAND TENURE
* KATARUNGAN:PROMPT & FAIR SETTLEMENT OF
AGRARIAN DISPUTES & DELIVERY OF AR JUSTICE
* BAYANIHAN:BETTER DELIVERY BY THE
GOVERNMENT OF APPROPRIATE SUPPORT
SERVICES TO ARBS & MOBILIZATION OF ARBS IN
THE TRANSPORMATION OF THE AGRARIAN
REFORM ZONE INTO PROGRESSIVE FARMING
* KABAYANIHAN OR KONSEHONG BAYAN PARA
SA ANIHAN: SYSTEM OF DIALOGUE,
CONSULTATION & JOINT PROBLEM SOLVING
WITH AR STAKEHOLDERS
* KAMALAYAN: AWERNESS OF DAR ARBS &
PUBLIC ON AR & ITS CONTRIBUTION IN SOCIAL
JUSTICE & DEV’T
* KAPIT-BISIG SA KAHIRAPAN AR ZONES
(KARZONES): ACHIVING ASSET REFORM,
POVERTY EDUCATION. FOOD SUFFICIENCY,
GOOD GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL EQUITY &
EMPOWERMENT OF ARBS.
* GULAYAN MAGSASAKANG AGRARYO
* DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL SCHOLAR PROGRAM
COURTESY OF THE TORCH
BENIGINO SIMEON C. AQUINO III
(2010-PRESENT)
RA 9700 OR COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM
PROGRAM EXTENSION WITH REFORMS
(CARPER): AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM
(CARP), EXTENDING THE ACQUISITION
AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALL AGRICULTURAL
LANDS, INSTITUTING NECESSARY REFORMS,
AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6657,
OTHERWISE, KNOWN AS THE COMPREHENSIVE
AGRARIAN REFORM LAW (CARL) OF 1988.