International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 5, Issue-7, Jul.

-2017
http://iraj.in
BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CANOLA OIL USING TRANS-
ESTERIFICATION PROCESS WITH KOHASACATALYST
1
DINDA AYU UTAMI, 2M. NAFIS ALFARIZI, 3ARIF HIDAYAT
1,2,3
Universitas Islam Indonesia, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Universitas Islam Indonesia
E-mail: dindayutami@gmail.com, nafisalfarizi99@gmail.com, ariffhid@gmail.com

Abstract- Biodieselisonesolutiontoovercometheuseofpetroleumfuels.Manyalternativefeedstocksthatcanbe used, among

which canola oil. The purpose of this study wasto determine the ability of canola oil and KOH for the trans-esterification
reaction in biodiesel production. Canola
oilhasaveryhighpuritythatcanbeusedasanalternativefeedstockforbiodieselproduction.andexpecteditwillbeproducedbiodieselwit
hexcellentquality.Inthiscaseofstudy,weusedtrans-
esterificationprocesswhereinthetriglycerideisreactedwithanalcoholwithKOHasacatalystanditwillproducebiodieselandglycerola
sbyproductandwechoosetrans-
sterificationprocessbecausecanolaoilhasa0,466%FFAcontent.Thevariablesstudiedinthisresearchincludethecomparisonofcanola
oilandmethanol,temperature,time,andthepercentofcatalystused.InthisstudythemethodofanalysisweuseGCMSandFTIRtoknoww
hatthecharacteristicincanolaoil.Developmentofcanolaoilseemstobetheperfectsolutiontoproducehighqualitybiodiesel.Thereactio
nconditionsresultedin97.87%-wmethylester(biodiesel)productbyusing a0.5%wtKOHcatalystwith canolaandmethanolratio1:8
o
at 60 C.

Index Terms—Biodiesel, Canola Oil, Trans-Esterification, KOH

I. INTRODUCTION
PRODUCTIONofbiodieselbeingdevelopedtodayarege
nerallymadefromvegetableoils(soybeanoil,canolaoil,cr
udepalmoil),animalfats(beeftalow,lard,chickenfat,pork
fat)andevenfromusedcookingoil(yellowgrease/rendere
dgreases)[1].Theprocessusedwasthereactionvariesthetr
ansesterificationbasescatalyst(NaOH,KOH),esterificat
ionacidcatalyst(H2SO4,HCl),andthemethodofsupercri
tical[11].Inthisstudy,weusedKOHasabasecatalyst.The
optimalratiobetweencanolaandmethanolforthetransest
erificationis1:8.Thereactionconditionsresultedin97.87
%-wmethylesterproductbyusinga0.5%-
wKOHcatalysttooil.Thereactionconditionsalsofacilitat
etheseparationprocessattheendofthereaction,inwhichth
eglycerolwillbeseparatedbyitselftothelowerphaseofthe
reactorandthemethyl ester is at theupper phase.
Butifused toomuch methanol,glycerolwill not
carryover to themethanolphasefor themolar
ratio,ratiowillalsoaffectthegravityseparationprocess[3]
. Transesterificationprocess shown in
theequationbelow :
oxide)withaconcentrationof0.5wt%and1%wtinanyco
mparisonmolarratiocanolaoil:methanol (1:6, 1: 8, 1:
10, 1:12).
II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES AND
METHODS
A. Materials
CanolaoilwaspurchasedfromAjinomotoCo.,Inc,Japan.
Potassiumhydroxide(KOH)andMethanol(CH3OH)wer
esuppliedbyMerckKGaA64271Darmstadt,Germany.A
llotherchemicals wereobtained
commerciallyandofanalyticalgrade.
B. Reaction Procedures
Reactionoftrans-
esterificationwascarriedoutina100mlsphericalreactor,P
rovidedwithathermostat,mechanicalstirring,samplingo
utlet,andcondensationsystems.Initially,methanolandK
OHwereaddedtoreactor.ThemixtureofmethanolandKO
HwerestirreduntilKOHdissolved.
Then,47mlcanolaoilwasaddedtoreactor.Themixtureof
methanol,KOH,andcanolaoilstirredandheatedatthereac
tiontemperatureat60oC.Andthereactiontimeisstopped
when it hasreached the reaction.

Weusedtrans-
esterificationprocessbecausethevalueof%FFAlessthan
2%.Inthisstudythe value of %FFAwas 0.466%.In this
trans-esterificationreactiontypesof
catalystsusedarebasiccatalystsareKOH(potassiumhydr
Afterreactiontime,themixturewasplacedintheseparator
yfunnelandallowedtostandovernighttoensurethatthese
parationofmethylestersandglycerolphaseoccurredcomp
letely.Glycerolphase(lowerphase)wasremovedandmet
hylestersphase/biodiesel(upperphase)washedusingaqu
adestinseparatoryfunnelandleftfor30minutestoensureb
iodieselseparatedfromtheimpurities.Impuritiesphase(lo
werphase)wasremovedandbiodieselphase(upperphase)

Biodiesel Production From Canola Oil Using Trans-Esterification Process With Kohasacatalyst

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 International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
washeatedat110oCinorderbiodieselproducedhasbeento
tallyseparatefromtheunwantedcomponents. TheFT-
C. Methods of Analysis IRresultofbiodieselfromcanolaoilanalysisshowsatabov
TABLE I e,itappearsthatthehighestpeakisatafrequencyof2926.03
GCMS-PEAK REPORT TIC cm-1whichisatypeofcompoundknownalkaneswithC-H
bond strongintensity.Then, the second highest peak in
frequency1743.24 cm-1which is a type
ofcompoundknownaldehydes,ketones,carboxylicacids
,esterswithC=Obondstrongintensity.Theseresultsindic
atethattheestercompoundcontainedisquitehigh,wecanl
ookattheregionIVin which arecontained the
samecompound aswell, indicatingthat the
resultsobtainedareidentical.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

D. Influence of Catalyst Amount on Biodiesel Product

TherearetwokindsofvariationsdifferencespercentKOH
catalystlevelsweretestedinthepresentstudy.Thatisbyusi
ngacatalystconcentrationof0.5%KOHmassofcanolaoil
and1%KOHmassofcanolaoil.Thepurposeofthisvariatio
nistodeterminetheoptimallevelsofcatalystusedinthepro
ductionprocessofbiodiesel.Theresultsofthecomparison
percentcatalystlevelscan beseen inFig. 3 and Fig.
3below :

Fig.1Sample TestResults GC-MS Method

Inthismethod,thesampleusedisataconcentrationof0.5m
ass%KOHtocanolaoil.Andthemolarratioofcanolaoil:m
ethanolis1:8at60oC.Byusingthismethod,wecanknowth
attheproductionofbiodieselinthisstudyhasgoodqualityb
Fig. 3 Biodieselresultsin 0,5% KOH mass to Oil
ecauseitcanbedetectedacompoundmethylesters,thedeta
ilnameofitis9-
acidOctacenoic(Z),methylester(CAS)Methyloleicwith
formulaC19H36O2andthemolecularweightis296.Thed
ataistakenbasedonthehighestpeakobtainedby% area is
90.43%.

Fig. 4 Biodieselresultsin 1% KOH mass to Oil

FromFig.3andFig.4,canbeexplainedthattheratioofthea
mountof
catalystismostoptimalwhenusingacatalystwithacatalys
tconcentrationof0.5%KOHmassofcanolaoilwithapurit
yofbiodieselis97.87%whentheratio1:8.Whilethelevelo
f1%KOHcatalystmasscanolaoilandwiththesameratioof
1:8isonlyobtainedthepurityofbiodieselamountedto89.3
Fig.2 Sample TestResults FT-IR Method
6%.Catalystfunctionistoacceleratethereactionbyloweri

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 International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
ngtheactivationenergy,butdoesnotaffectthe location of FromTable.IIandTable.III,canbeknownthattomakebio
equilibrium.Catalystsalso provideactive siteswhere the dieselwithKOHcatalystconcentrationof0.5%and1%by
reactions. massofcanolaoil,thebestmolarratiois1:8withpurity
E. Influence of Canola Oil : Methanol on Biodiesel ashighas97.87%and89,36%.Theratioof1:8isconsidered
Product themostidealratioforproducingbiodieselfromcanolaoil.
Therearesomecomparisonsaredoneinthisstudy,whileex Comparisonsweremadeexcessmethanolaimstodrivethe
perimentingwithawidevarietyofexistingratioistheratio reactionequilibriumshiftstotheright(LeChatelier'sPrinc
ofcanolaoil:methanolratioisusedinordertodeterminethe iple).Thisisseenintheincreaseintheconversionratioof1:
bestcomparisonthatcanbeusedforbiodieselproductionfr 6 to 1: 8 is the conversion of87.23%to 97.87%and
omcanolaoil.Theresultsofeachcanolaoilratio:theratioof 68,09%to 89,36%.
methanolusingKOHcatalyst0.5% and1% However,theadditionofmethanoltooilratiocanalsoreduc
bymassofcanolaoilcanbeseen in Table. IIand etheconversionreaction.Thisisduetotheexcessivemetha
Table.IIIbelow : noltodissolveglycerolconcentrationisincreasing.Conse
quentlytriglyceridesreactwithmethanoltoformmethyles
TABLE II tersdecreases.Dissolutionofmethanolwithglycerolallo
0,5% KOH CATALYST MASS TO CANOLA OIL wstheformationoftheemulsiontobeseparatedwhenthese
parationprocess,therebyreducingtheyieldgenerated[2],[
10].

F. Influence of Temperature and Reaction Time

on Biodiesel Product
Wewanttoknowhowsignificanttheproductionofbiodies
elasdochangesinonevariabletemperatureandtimeinthep
TABLE III rocessofmakingbiodiesel.Asfortheeffectoftemperature
1% KOH CATALYST MASS TO CANOLA OIL
and time on the acquisition of biodieselcanbeseen in
TableIV,below :

TABLE IV
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND REACTION TIME ON BIODIESEL PRODUCT

Inthisstudytherearetwodistinctvariationsintemperature ethereactionspeedwillincreaseequilibrium.Inthisstudy,
,atatemperatureof50°Cand60°C.Resultsataboveshowst thereactiontemperatureislimitedat60°C,thisisbecauset
hehighertemperaturewillgivethehigherconversionrate. heboilingtemperatureofmethanolis68oC.Ifthereactiont
Thisisconsistentwiththetheorythatthehighertemperatur emperaturebeyondtheboilingpoint,theconcentrationof
e,willincreasereactionrateandgeneratehigherlevelsofbi
odiesel.Thehigherspeedofstirring,itwillbebetterbecaus
Biodiesel Production From Canola Oil Using Trans-Esterification Process With Kohasacatalyst

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 International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092,
methanolintheliquidphaseisreducedsothatthelowerrate
andtheconversion ofesterification of free fattyacids.
Reference
[6]clearlyreportedthatthecontactbetweenmethanolando
ilwillbelongerwithincreasingthereactiontime,soitwillc
onvertmoremethylester.Theadditionofleadconversions
increasedreactiontime
[3].Ifthereactionequilibriumhasbeenreached,increasin
gthereactiontimewillnotincreasetheconversionresult.B
utinthisstudyappliesviceversa.Thiscouldbeduetoreache
quilibriumfasterthantheyshould.Thiscantriggerbythete
mperaturethatisnotconstant(higher)thanthetemperature
experimentthat will lead to faster reaction speedand
equilibrium will bereachedprematurely.
CONCLUSIONS
Inthisstudy,wecanconcludedthatthebestwaytoproduce
biodieselfromcanolaoilwithtrans-
esterificationprocessiswhenthemolarratioofcanolaoil:
methanolis1:8,used0,5%KOHmass to canola oil, 120
minutes at60oC,and we get 97,87 % as the best
conversion of biodiesel.
TABLE V
THE BEST RESULT OF BIODIESEL FROM CANOLA OIL
(SPECIFICATION)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah,thankstoAllahwhohasgivenusopportuni
tytocompletethisfinalprojectwith
Biodieselproductionfrom
usingtransesterificationprocess
catalyst.WewouldliketoexpressourdeepestthankstoDr.
ArifHidayatST.,MT.AsourlectureratourprojectinChem
icalengineeringDepartmentatIslamicuniversityofindon
esiaandalsoasoursupervisior who hadguided us in
everyour action.
Anddeepestthankstoourparentswhomalwayssupportsa
ndlovesusineverythingthatwedid.Thankstoourstaffand
assistanceoflaboratoryinIslamicUniversityofIndonesia
andalso ourfriend whoalwayscontributed bywork or
helpus in our project till
fullycompleted.Andthankstoourcollege,IslamicUniver
sityofIndonesiainYogyakartawhoalwaysgave us the
bestexperiences in our academics skill or the others
skillto develop us to be better.
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