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Painting Word
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Painting Word
Plasticisers
CHAPTER 10 C. Drying oil, etc.
PAINTING
Components of Paint Vehicle:
10-1 PAINT
1. Solid Thermoplastic Film Former. The solid
Paint is commonly referred to as a “Surface resin is melted for application and then
Coating”. It is defined as “a coating applied to a solidifies after application.
surface or substrate to decorate, to protect, or to 2. Lacquer Type Film Formers. The vehicle dried
perform some other specialized functions. by solvent evaporation.
Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, 3. Room Temperature Catalyzed Film Formers.
or mastic composition that, after application to A chemical agent blended into the coating
a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most before application cause cross- linking into
commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to a solid polymer at room temperature.
objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many 4. Heat-Cured Film Formers. Heat causes cross-
colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor
linking of the film former or activates a
or synthetic. Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as
a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.
catalyst that is not active until heat has
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint been applied
5. Oxidizing Film Formers. Oxygen from the air
Almost everybody knows the word paint, its uses, colours, including the brand enters the film and cross-link it to form a solid
name rated as poor, good and durable. There are those who have little gel.
knowledge of paint but rated a Brand-based on how it is advertised while others 6. Emulsion-Type Film Formers. The solvent
on cost. evaporation and the droplets of plastic film
former floating in it flows together to form a
Generally, good quality paint is a little bit film.
costlier than that of a poorer one. However, in terms
of surface area coverage, ease of work and
durability, good quality paint is cheaper than that of Solvent
poorer one. Thus, never have a second thought of
having the best paint from a reputable brand, Solvent are low viscosity volatile liquid used in
otherwise, to think of saving a few cents for your coating to improve application properties.
paint might turn out later to be more expensive.
Pigment
Obtaining a good quality of paint from a reputable
brand however, is not a guarantee that you have a Paint Pigments are solid grains or particles of
long lasting paint. uniform and controlled sizes which are generally
There are numerous kinds of paint as there are insoluble in the vehicle of the coating.
various kinds of surface to be painted.
Paint Pigment contributes to the following
Applying premium quality paint to a surface not properties.
suitable for such type of paint is considered as
technical failure. Failure which cannot be a. For the decoration of function - It
guaranteed by the cost neither the brand of paint. contributes opacity, color and gloss
control.
It is therefore imperative to know which paint for b. For protective function - it contribute
what kind of surface to be applied with. specific properties such as hardness,
resistance to corrosion, rapid
weathering, abrasion, and improved
10-2 INGREDIENT OF PAINT adhesion.
c. It makes sanding easier, retard flame
Paint has the following ingredients: and serves as insulation against
1. Vehicle electricity.
2. Solvent d. Pigments fill spaces in paint films.
3. Pigments
4. Additives
Additives
A. Resins
10-3 ESSENTIAL AND SPECIFIC PROPERTIES 3. Good Application and Right Technique and
OF GOOD QUALITY PAINT Tools.
Good quality paint must have the following a) Maintain a uniform wet and dry film
essential and specific properties. thickness.
1. Adhesion - Coating must stick to the surface or b) Correct application and number of
substrate to bring other properties into work. sequence as specified by the manufacturer
2. Ease of Application - Paint must be easily applied c.) Use the right kind of tools with good
in Accordance with the methods as prescribed by quality.
the manufacturer. It should go into the substrate to
a specified film thickness and be dried within the 4. Correct Drying Cycle - The final properties of the
specified time with the desired appearance dried coating develop during the drying cycle.
possessing. The necessary specific properties. Unless conditions are favorable, correct film
properties will never develop.
3. Film Integrity - The cured or dried film of paint
must have all the film properties as claimed by the 5. Protection Against Water - The primary cause of
manufacturer. There should be no weak spots in the paint failure is Moisture . Moisture is considered as a
film caused by imperfect film drying or curing. menace to the best of paint job.
4. Consistent Quality -Paint must be consistent in It is very frustrating to see your lovely and
quality such as color, viscosity, application and newly painted house deteriorating so soon specially
durability from can to can, batch by batch, if you bought good paint, used good tools and
shipment by shipment. spend a lot for labor.
5. Specific Properties- Paint should be considered Water is the hidden enemy of paint. It is a pervasive
for particular use such as: element of deterioration and it causes the
following:
a. Kitchen Enamel. Enamel paint must resist
grease, heat and repeated cleaning. a.) Rusting and other corrosion
b. Stucco or Latex Paint must resist water,
alkali and sunlight and must allow b.) Paint peeling
passage of water vapor.
c. Swimming Pool Pain. This type must have c.) Masonry efflorescence and spalling.
a specific chlorine, water and sunlight
resistance. d.) Corrosive water solution (staining sea water)
d. Exterior Commercial Aircraft Finishes
must resist ultra violet degradation, 10-5 SURFACE PREPARATION
erosion by air loss of adhesion at high
speed, rapid temperature changes The quickest way to achieve paint failure is through
chemical attack by the hydraulic fluid of improper surface preparation. It is just as important
the aircraft, and film rupture from the to qualify a surface preparation as it is to specify a
flexing of the film by the denting of the painting system.
surface
SPECIFICATIONS
10-4 ELEMENTS OF A GOOD PAINTING JOB
1. Correct Surface Preparation — The primary and 2. Preparation - All Surface to receive paint should
essential property which is necessary for a paint is be cleaned and in proper condition. Wood works
Adhesion. Good adhesion demands good surface shall be sandpapered and dusted clean. All knot
preparation. holes, pitch pockets, or sappy portions shall be
shellacked or sealed with knot-sealer. Nail holes,
2. Choice of the Proper Paint System - Apply the cracks, or defects shall be carefully puttied after
right kind of paint on the right surface. For instance, the first coat with putty bleaching color of the stain
always apply the right kind of primer before the or paint.
final top coat. Water base paint for masonry and
concrete. Oil base paint for wood and equivalent 3. Interior Woodwork. Wood finish shall be
surface, etc. sandpapered between coats. Cracks, holes, or
plaster imperfections shall be filled with patching
plaster and smoothed off to match adjoining acceptable for health and environmental
surfaces. requirements. Water blasting method is preferred
for underwater or marine work.
4. Plaster or masonry- Masonry or plaster shall be
completely dried before any sealer or paint is
applied. After the primer-sealer coat is dried, all
visible suction spots shall be toughed up before the
succeeding coats are applied. Work should not be
continued until after all spots have been sealed. In C. CHEMICAL METHODS
the presence of high alkali conditions, surfaces
should be washed to neutralize the alkali. 1. Acid Etching - Is the use of acid solution with
or without detergent to roughen a dense
5. Metals- Shall be clean, dry and free from mill
glazed surface. To remove the residual
scale and rust. Remove all grease and oil from the
surface. Unprimed galvanized metal shall be soluble reaction of calcium and magnesium
washed with metal etching solution and allowed to chloride which affect the adhesion and
dry before applying a primer. stability of latex paint in particular.
a.) Wooden trowel finish (coarse to rough) 3. For Neutralizer; 9. 0. gal./ 2. 5 gal.
b.) Paper Finished (fine to coarse) = 3. 6 say 4 liters
c.) Fine to Smooth (putty finish)
ILLUSTRATION 10-2
SOLUTION
A 10class room elementary school building
A) Coarse to Rough Surface with a general dimensions of 6. 00 meters wide by 8.
1.Solve for the wall area 00 meters long requires
painting of the roof and the plywood ceiling. The
Area=30x12=360 sq.m. plan specifies two coatings of Acrylic Roof Shield
and Quick Drying Enamel for the ceiling
2.360 sq.m. divided by 30 sq.m. area coverage per respectively. Prepare an order list of the following
gallon of neutralizer and water solution: materials:
820 sq. m./45 = 18. 2 say 19 gallons For economical reason use lacquer thinner then
wash with water and soap.
3. For second coating: 19 × 2 = 38 gal.
b.) For Water Base Paint -Wash thoroughly with
4. Paint thinner is not required. Clean water is used water and soap immediately after use.
instead.
c.) Lacquer paint or Varnish-Clean with paint
B) Primer and Enamel Paint for the Ceiling thinner then wash with water and soap.
1. Solve for the total ceiling area including the d. Gloss paint, flat and quick dry enamel-Clean
eaves. with paint thinner or kerosene then wash with
water and soap.
Area : 9× 82 · 738 sq. m.
e. Lacquer thinner estimate for vamishing work
2. Refer to Sec. 1 0-6. Under wood primer, the area should be sufficient enough to anticipate
coverage per gallon is 30 to 40 square meters. frequent thinning, multiple rubbing, cleaning of
tools and evaporation.
3. For plywood ceiling, use 35 square meters
coverage area per gallon (4 liters).
4. For Quick Drying Enamel as top coat, use The different types of paint failures are identified as
average 35 sq. meters per gallon (4liters). follows:
Remove the paint. Clean the surface properly. 4. Trim can be used as a decorative boarder. Wall
Apply good kind of primer paint then final coat. paper is sold by yard or meter in roll.
Peeling or Cracking of Paint on G. I. Sheets- Vinyl Wall Paper is Classified into Three kinds:
Indicates the use of improper metal primer or no
primer applied. The paint film has no adhesion on 1. Vinyl laminated to paper
the surface. 2. Vinyl laminated in cloth
3. Impregnated vinyl cloth on paper backing, This
Remedy type is extremely durable, easy to clean and
damage resistant.
Strip off the paint. clean with solvent. Dry, then
apply galvanized paint (see roof paint on Sec. 10-6
).
Bleeding-Is the result of inadequate sealing of the Caution in Buying Vinyl Wall Paper
surface at the first application of paint.
1. Examine the label if it is pure or vinyl coated only.
Remedy Vinyl coated is not wear or grease resistant nor
washable type.
Scrape off the surface then Repaint.
2. Never confuse them with vinyl wallpaper.
Mildew-Mildew thrives on high humidity and 3. In buying vinyl wallpaper adhesive, always use
temperature. The fungus are stimulated and grows and specify vinyl mildew resistance adhesive only.
on the paint film. If covered with new coat of paint,
just the same it will grow 4. Vinyl wallpaper stretches if pulled. Hair line cracks
through the new coat. will appear at seems as wallpaper shrinks when it
dries. Thus, avoid stretching your vinyl wallpaper.
Remedy
Foil
Wash the surface with mildew wash solution diluted
with water. Scrub the surface. Rinse with clean Foil is another type of wallpaper simulated
water and dry for 48 hours then apply final coat. metallic finish or aluminum laminated paper. Do not
fold or wrinkle the foil
Staining-ls an effect of wood preservative or rust of because there is no remedy to crease.
nails.
Smooth surface is required to avoid
reflective surfaces. Foil magnifies any imperfections
Remedy on the surface to which it is
attached. Always specify mildew resistant vinyl
1. Remove the paint on affected area adhesive only.
2. Remove rust on nails, then apply lead primer
to metal and wood primer. Grass Cloth, Hemp) Burlap, Cork
3. Apply final coat with good quality paint.
These materials are mounted on paper
Checking and Flaking-ls caused by expansion or backing which could be weakened from over
contraction of wood. soaking with paste. Hence, paste one
strip at a time.
Remedy: See Remedy for Blistering.
Flocks
1 0-9 WALL PAPERING
Flocks are made of nylon or rayon available
on paper, vinyl or foil wallpapers. Use paint roller or
squeegee for best result.
Problem Exercise
1. Wood stain
2. Lacquer Sanding Seater
3. Lacquer clear gloss
4. Lacquer thinner