Question: Negation of p ® q is _____.

Options:
(a) p Ù : q
(b) : p Ú q
(c) : q ® : p
(d) p Ú : q
Answer: (a)
Solution:
: ( p ® q) º : ( : p Úq)
º : ( : p ) Ù( : q )
º p Ù( : q )
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: The contrapositive of p ® q is _____.

Options:
(a) q ® p
(b) : p ® : q
(c) : q ® : p
(d) p ® q
Answer: (c)
Solution:
Contrapositive of p ® q is : q ® : p
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Statement
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Easy

Question: The contrapositive of the statement “ I go to school if it does not rain” is _____.
Options:
(a) if it rains, I do not go to school
(b) if I do not go to school, it rains
(c) if it rains, I go to school
(d) if I go to school, it rains
Answer: (b)
Solution:
p : It does not rain
q : I go to school
The given statement is p ® q
Its contrapositive is : q ® : p , which is, “if I do not go to school, it rains”.
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Statement
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Easy

Question: Which of the following is the conditional statement p ® q ?

Options:
(a) p is necessary for q
(b) p is sufficient for q
(c) if q then p
(d) none of these
Answer: (b)
Solution:
p ® q may be read as “if p then q”, so the truth of p is sufficient for the truth of q.
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Easy

Question: Which of the following is equivalent to p ® q Ú r ?

Options:
p Ù( : q ) ® r
(a)
p Ú( : r ) ® q
(b)
p Ù( : r ) ® : q
(c)
p Ù( : r ) ® q
(d)
Answer: (a)
Solution:
p ® q Ú r º : p Ú( q Ú r )
º ( : p Úq) Úr
º p Ù( : q ) ® r
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: The negation of the statement “If I become a teacher, I will open a school”, is
_____.
Options:
(a) Either I will not become a teacher or I will not open a school.
(b) Neither will I become a teacher nor will I open a school.
(c) I will not become a teacher or I will open a school.
(d) I will become a teacher and I will not open a school.
Answer: (d)
Solution:
p : I become a teacher
q : I will open a school
p ® q º ( : p) Úq
The given statement is .

Its negation is (
: ( : p ) Ú q ) º p Ù( : q )
.
Thus, the negation of the given statement is “I will become a teacher and I will not open a
school”.
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Statement
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

p ® ( q ® r)
Question: The contrapositive of is logically equivalent to _____.
Options:
p ® ( q ® r)
(a)

(b)
( q ® r ) ®: p
(c) p Ú q ® r
(d)
( q ® r) ® p
Answer: (a)
Solution:
p ® ( q ® r) : ( q ® r) ®: p
The contrapositive of is .
ë: ( q ® r ) ù
: ( q ® r) ®: p º : é ûÚ ( : p )
º ( q ® r ) Ú( : p)
º ( : p) Ú( q ® r )
º p ® ( q ® r)
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATHS
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Reasoning
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: The statement

( : p Ù q ) Ú : q is _____.
Options:
(a) p Ú q
(b) p Ù q
: ( p Úq)
(c)
: ( p Ùq )
(d)
Answer: (d)
Solution:
( : p Ùq ) Ú : q º : q Ú( : p Ùq )
º : q Ú( q Ù : p)
º ( : q Ú q ) Ù( : q Ú : p )
º T Ù: ( q Ù p)
º : ( q Ù p)
º : ( p Ùq)
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATHS
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Reasoning
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: Consider the following Assertion statement (A) and Reason statement (R).
p Ú : ( p Ùq)
Assertion (A) : is a tautology.
Reason (R) : A statement pattern is called a tautology, if it is always true, whatever may be
the truth values of its constituent statements.
Options:
(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, R is false
(d) A is false, R is true
Answer: (a)
Solution:
p q p Ùq : ( p Ùq) p Ú : ( p Ùq )
0 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
From the truth table, we can see that, whatever be the truth values of the constituent
p Ú : ( p Ùq)
statements of , its truth values is always T or 1. Thus, it is a tautology.
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATHS
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Reasoning
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

p Ù( : p )
Question: is _____.
Options:
(a) a tautology
(b) a contradiction
(c) a contingency
(d) not a mathematical statement
Answer: (b)
Solution:
p Ù( : p )
The truth table for is as follows.

p : p p Ù( : p )
T F F
T F F
F T F
 F T F
p Ù( : p )
Clearly, is a contradiction.
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: Mathematics
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-11
Difficulty: Easy
Analysis: Mathematical Reasoning

Question: The statement

( p ® q ) ® éë( : p ® q) ® qù
û is _____.
Options:
(a) equivalent to p ®: q
(b) a fallacy
(c) a tautology
(d) equivalent to : p ® q
Answer: (c)
Solution:
p q : p p®q : p®q (: p ® q) ® q ( p ® q ) ® éë( : p ® q ) ® qù
û
F F T T F T T
F T T T T T T
T F F F T F T
T T F T T T T
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: The statement

( p ® q ) « ( : p Ú q ) is _____.
Options:
(a) a contingency
(b) a fallacy
(c) a tautology
(d) none of these
Answer: (c)
Solution:
p q : p p®q : p Úq ( p ® q) « ( : p Úq)
F F T T T T
F T T T T T
 T F F F F T
T T F T T T
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: Consider the following statements.

Statement I :
( p Ù : q ) Ù ( : p Ù q ) is a fallacy.
Statement II :
( p ® q ) « ( : q ® : p ) is a tautology.
Options:
(a) Statement I is true; Statement II is true; Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement
I.
(b) Statement I is true; Statement II is true; Statement II is not a correct explanation for
Statement I.
(c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true.
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Statement I :
(p ⋀ ~q) ⋀ (~p ⋀ q) ≡ p ⋀ ~q ⋀ ~p ⋀ q
≡ p ⋀ ~p ⋀ ~q ⋀ q
≡F⋀F
≡F
Statement I is true.

Statement II :
(p → q) ↔ (~q → ~p) ≡ (p → q) ↔ (p → q) ≡ T
Statement II is true.
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate

Question: ~ (p  q)  (~ p  q) is logically equivalent to _____.

Options:
(a) p
(b) q
(c) ~p
(d) ~q
Answer: (c)
Solution:
~(p  q)  (~ p  q)  (~ p  ~ q)  (~ p  q)
 ~ p  (~ q  q)
~pT
 ~p
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: Mathematics
Type: SCQ
Topics: Connectors And Related Truth Tables
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-11
Difficulty: Easy

Question: Let S be a non-empty subset of the set of all real numbers. Consider the statement,
P : There is a rational number x Î S such that x >0 . Which of the following statements is the
negation of the statement P?
Options:
(a) There is no rational number x Î S such that x £ 0 .
(b) Every rational number x Î S satisfies x £ 0 .
(c) x Î S and x £ 0 Þ x is not rational.
(d) There is a rational number x Î S such that x £ 0 .
Answer: (b)
Solution:
P : There is a rational number x Î S such that x >0 .
~ P : Every rational number x ∈ S satisfies x ≤ 0
Marks: 4
negativemarks: 1
Subject: MATH SEC 1
Type: SCQ
Topics: Mathematical Statement
Targetgrade: JEE_Main-12
Difficulty: Moderate