Muscle Origin Insertion CN Movement Target Mvmt

Direction
Muscles of lower jaw
Masseter CN V Closes Mandible Superior
mouth; (elevates)
chewing
Temporal Mandible CN V Closes Mandible Superior
bone mouth; s jaw (elevates);
in under posterior
upper jaw (retracts)
Lateral pterygoid CN V Opens Mandible Inferior
mouth; (depress);
pushes lower posterior
jaw out (protracts);
under upper lateral
jaw; moves (abducts);
lower jaw medial
side-to-side (adducts)
Sphenoid Mandible; CN V Closes Mandible Superior
bone; temporo- mouth; (elevates);
maxilla mandibular joint pushes lower posterior
jaw out (protracts);
under upper lateral
jaw; moves (abducts);
lower jaw medial
side-to-side (adducts)
Muscles of the Tongue
Genioglossus CN XII Inferior fibers Tongue Inferior
– protrude; (depresses);
Medial fibers anterior
– depress; (protracts)
Superior
fibers –
draws tongue
tip back and
forth
Temporal Tongue CN XII Elevates rear Tongue Superior
bone undersurface and of tongue, (elevates);
(styloid sides retracts posterior
process) protruded (retracts)
tongue
during
mastication
Hyoglossus CN XII Flattens Tongue Inferior
tongue (depresses)
Soft palate Side of tongue CN X Bulges Tongue Superior
tongue (elevation)
Muscle Origin Insertion CN Movement Target Mvmt
Direction
Superior longitudinal Moves tip of Tongue up and
tongue/curl down; curl
Root of Apex of tongue Moves tip of Tongue up and
tongue tongue/curl down; curl
Vertical Flatten and Tongue Inferior
depress (depress);
lateral
(flatten)
Median Sides of tongue Narrow and Tongue Anterior
fibrous lengthen (lengthen);
septum medial
(narrow)
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Cricothyroid Tenses and VF NOT
elongates the DIRECTLY
VF IMPLICATED
IN SWALLOW
Posterior Muscular process Adducts vocal VF Medial
part of of the arytenoid folds, invert (adducts);
cricoid epiglottis Inferior
Interarytenoids Approximates VF Medial
Transverse arytenoids (adducts)
and adducts
VF
Posterior Posterior surface Draws VF Medial
surface of of apex of arytenoid (adducts)
muscular adjacent cartilages
process of arytenoid together
arytenoid cartilage; extends
cartilage into aryepiglottic
fold
Thyroarytenoid Draws VF Anterior
arytenoids
forward,
shortens and
relaxes VF
Inner Anterior surface Differentially Larynx Adducts
surface of of arytenoid tenses vocal
the thyroid cartilage folds
cartilage
Muscle Origin Insertion CN Movement Target Mvmt
Direction
Muscle used during Oral/Pharyngeal Swallow
Mandible; Hyoid bone Raises hyoid Hyoid Superior
temporal bone in a way bone; (elevates)
bone that also larynx
raises the
larynx,
allowing the
epiglottis to
invert;
depresses
mandible
when
opening
mouth
Stylohyoid Raises and Hyoid Superior
retracts hyoid bone (elevates);
bone; posterior
elongates (retracts)
oral cavity
Mandible Hyoid bone; Raises hyoid Hyoid Superior
median raphe bone in a way bone (elevates)
that presses
tongue
against the
roof of the
mouth,
pushing food
back into the
pharynx
Geniohyoid Raises and Hyoid Superior
moves hyoid bone (elevates);
bone anterior
forward, (retracts)
widening
pharynx
Scapula Hyoid bone Retracts Hyoid Inferior
hyoid bone bone (depresses);
and moves it posterior
down during (retracts)
later phases
of swallow
Sternohyoid Depress Hyoid Inferior
hyoid bone at bone (depresses)
end of
swallow
Muscle Origin Insertion CN Movement Target Mvmt
Direction
Thyroid Hyoid bone Shrinks Hyoid Hyoid bone –
cartilage distance bone; inferior
between thyroid (depresses);
thyroid cartilage Thyroid
cartilage and cartilage –
hyoid bone superior
(elevates)
Sternothyroid Depress Larynx; Inferior
larynx, thyroid (depresses)
thyroid cartilage;
cartilage, and hyoid
hyoid bone at bone
the end of
the swallow
Pharyngeal Muscles
Palatine Upper border of Pulls pharynx Pharynx Superior
aponeurosis thyroid cartilage and larynx & larynx
and hard upward
palate
Superior Constrictor Contracts pharynx medial
pharynx, aids
movement of
bolus
Hyoid bone Pharyngeal raphe Contracts pharynx medial
pharynx, aids
movement of
bolus
Inferior Constrictor Contracts pharynx medial
pharynx, aids
movement of
bolus
Cricoid Cricoid Opens and UES is Medial/Distal
closes alternate
esophagus name
Stylopharyngeus Progressive Larynx Superior -
contraction and Elevates
and elevation pharynx larynx and
of pharynx pharynx
Lower part Fibers pass Progressive Pharynx Superior –
of the downward and contraction Elevates
cartilage of blend with the and elevation Pharynx
the palatopharyngeus of pharynx
auditory muscle to the
tube upper border
thyroid cartilage