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5G RAN Feature Documentation PDF
5G RAN Feature Documentation PDF
5G RAN Feature Documentation PDF
Contents
4.1.1 MIMO
5G RAN
Issue 03
Date 2019-01-26
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any
kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation
of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this
document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com/
Email: support@huawei.com
4.1.1 Contents
1 Change History
1.1 5G RAN2.0 03 (2019-01-26)
1.2 5G RAN2.0 02 (2018-10-30)
1.3 5G RAN2.0 01 (2018-10-10)
1.4 5G RAN2.0 Draft B (2018-08-27)
1.5 5G RAN2.0 Draft A (2018-07-28)
3 General Principles
7 Parameters
8 Counters
9 Glossary
10 Reference Documents
1 Change History
This section describes changes not included in the "Parameters", "Counters", "Glossary", and
"Reference Documents" chapters. These changes include:
• Technical changes
Changes in functions and their corresponding parameters
• Editorial changes
Improvements or revisions to the documentation
1.1 5G RAN2.0 03 (2019-01-26)
Technical Changes
None
Editorial Changes
Technical Changes
Editorial Changes
Technical Changes
Editorial Changes
Technical Changes
Editorial Changes
None
1.5 5G RAN2.0 Draft A (2018-07-28)
Technical Changes
• NRLoCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch to
NRDuCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch
• NRLoCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum to
NRDuCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum
Editorial changes
None
Purpose
NOTE:
This document only provides guidance for feature activation. Feature deployment and feature gains depend on the
specifics of the network scenario where the feature is deployed. To achieve the desired gains, contact Huawei
professional service engineers.
Software Interfaces
Any parameters, alarms, counters, or managed objects (MOs) described in Feature Parameter
Description documents apply only to the corresponding software release. For future software
releases, refer to the corresponding updated product documentation.
Trial Features
Trial features are features that are not yet ready for full commercial release for certain reasons. For
example, the industry chain (terminals/CN) may not be sufficiently compatible. However, these
features can still be used for testing purposes or commercial network trials. Anyone who desires to
use the trial features shall contact Huawei and enter into a memorandum of understanding (MoU)
with Huawei prior to an official application of such trial features. Trial features are not for sale in
the current version but customers may try them for free.
Customers acknowledge and undertake that trial features may have a certain degree of risk due to
absence of commercial testing. Before using them, customers shall fully understand not only the
expected benefits of such trial features but also the possible impact they may exert on the network.
In addition, customers acknowledge and undertake that since trial features are free, Huawei is not
liable for any trial feature malfunctions or any losses incurred by using the trial features. Huawei
does not promise that problems with trial features will be resolved in the current version. Huawei
reserves the rights to convert trial features into commercial features in later R/C versions. If trial
features are converted into commercial features in a later version, customers shall pay a licensing
fee to obtain the relevant licenses prior to using the said commercial features. If a customer fails to
purchase such a license, the trial feature(s) will be invalidated automatically when the product is
upgraded.
2.2 Features in This Document
3 General Principles
Due to the rapid development of wireless communications, customers' requirements for system
capacity and spectral efficiency have continued to grow. Various solutions, such as expanding the
system bandwidth and increasing the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index, have emerged.
Expanding system bandwidth increases system capacity but does not effectively improve the
spectral efficiency. Increasing the MCS index improves the spectral efficiency, but only to a limited
extent because the MCS index can hardly be multiplied.
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), in contrast, improves spectral efficiency several folds.
MIMO is an extension of single-input single-output (SISO). MIMO uses multiple antennas at the
transmitter or receiver in combination with several signal processing techniques.
shows an example of MxN MIMO (M transmit (TX) antennas and N receive (RX)
Figure 3-1
antennas). Single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input single-output (MISO), and
beamforming can all be considered forms of MIMO.
MIMO uses special signal processing techniques to improve radio link reliability and signal quality.
The improvement further helps increase system capacity, coverage, and the user rate, which all
combine to improve user experience.
Figure 3-1 Example of MIMO
This document mainly describes how MIMO works in time division duplex (TDD) mode.
4.1 Principles
MIMO Basic Package allows gNodeBs to use multiple antennas to transmit and receive signals.
TDD gNodeBs working on low frequency bands support 64T64R, 32T32R, and 8T8R.
gNodeBs use beamforming to transmit signals in the downlink. Beamforming is supported only in
TDD mode. In the uplink, gNodeBs receive UE signals over multiple antennas.
4.1.1 Downlink Beamforming
Principles
Weighted signals are transmitted in narrow beams directed towards target UEs or a specified
direction. This process is termed as beamforming. Beamforming enables beams to accurately direct
towards UEs to improve coverage performance, as shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 Beamforming
Beams refer to the shape and direction of electromagnetic wave propagation. Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3,
and Figure 4-4 show different beam patterns.
Beam patterns usually have two or more lobes on each main plane. The one with the largest radiant
intensity is the main lobe and the other lobes are side lobes.
The beamwidth (also known as lobewidth) is the angle between the half-power (–3 dB) points of the
main lobe.
• A wide beam has a large azimuth and the energy is scattered.
• A narrow beam has good directionality and the energy is more tightly focused.
Figure 4-2 Three-dimensional beam pattern
Array Gains
Weighted signals are transmitted in narrow beams directed towards target UEs. Figure 4-6 shows the
overall beamforming procedure.
1. Channel Calibration
2. Weight Calculation
3. Weighting
4. Beamforming Implementation
5. Demodulation
Figure 4-6 Overall beamforming procedure (beamforming weights calculated based on SRSs or PMIs)
Channel Calibration
Unlike LTE FDD, NR sub-6 GHz uses the same frequency in the uplink and in the downlink. This
enables NR sub-6 GHz gNodeBs to estimate downlink channel characteristics based on uplink
channel characteristics. Accurate channel estimation requires that the amplitude and phase be
consistent between uplink and downlink channels. Complete reciprocity between the uplink and
downlink channel characteristics is impossible due to the amplitude and phase differences between
RF TX and RX channels. Such differences vary with the channels. To improve reciprocity between
RF TX and RX channels, channel calibration is required.
1. gNodeBs first use a channel calibration algorithm to calculate the variations in the phase and
amplitude of signals transmitted on each TX channel and each RX channel.
2. gNodeBs then compensate for variations in phase and amplitude based on the calculations,
improving reciprocity between TX and RX channels.
Weight Calculation
gNodeBs calculate a vector based on downlink channel characteristics, to adjust the shape and
direction of beams. Downlink channel characteristics are key to improve weighting accuracy. Two
methods are available for obtaining downlink channel characteristics, as shown in Figure 4-6.
• gNodeBs estimate the downlink channel characteristics based on sounding reference signals
(SRSs) received from the UEs to obtain weighting values.
• gNodeBs select an appropriate weighting value based on precoding matrix indications (PMIs)
received from the UEs.
gNodeBs adaptively use the SRS- or PMI-based weight calculation method depending on scenario.
For details, see 4.1.3 Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS.
Weighting
During weighting, gNodeBs use vector addition to add the weighting value and the data to be
transmitted, including data streams and demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). The width and
direction of the beams are adjusted based on the calculations. Weighting is applied as follows:
Assume that noise, N, is generated when an input signal, x(i), passes through channel H. The output
signal, y(i), is calculated using the following formula:
y(i) = Hx(i) + N
When weighting is applied, input signal x(i) is multiplied by complex vector w(i), which indicates
weighting value, to change the amplitude and phase of output signal y(i). Output signal y(i) is
calculated using the following formula:
y(i) = Hw(i)x(i) + N
If each input signal x(i) in input signal group X is weighted using a different complex vector w(i)
when passing through channel H, output signal group Y is directional, as shown in Figure 4-7.
Figure 4-7 Weighting in 4T4R scenarios
Beamforming Implementation
Beamforming relies on the interference principles shown in Figure 4-8. The arcs indicate carrier
signal peaks. When two wave peaks intersect, the signal strength increases. When a wave peak
intersects with a wave bottom, the signal strength decreases.
• When beamforming is not used, the beam shape and lobe positions are fixed. When a UE resides
between two beams at the cell edge, the signals are weak.
• When beamforming is enabled, gNodeBs impose weighting on and adjust the transmit power and
phase of signals to be transmitted through each antenna element. This way, the beam shape
changes such that the main lobe is directed at target UEs, which improves the signal strength.
A beam generated using SRS-based weighting is referred to as a dynamic beam. Control channels
and broadcast channels use predefined weighting values to generate discrete static beams.
Figure 4-8 Beamforming principles
Demodulation
During demodulation, UEs demodulate physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) data based on
DMRSs.
4.1.2 Uplink Receive Diversity
Principles
If the channels between TX and RX antennas are mutually orthogonal and the signals from all of
the transmit antennas are the same, an MxN MIMO system brings a theoretical diversity gain of
MxN compared with the SISO system.
The diversity order represents the theoretical error tolerance capability of spatial channels. The
theoretical error tolerance capability of an MxN system is MxN times that of a SISO system.
Diversity gains are subject to the theoretical diversity orders of spatial channels.
Overall Procedure
Uplink receive diversity enables gNodeBs to enhance reception by taking advantage of space
diversity and coherent reception to receive UE signals over multiple antennas. The overall uplink
receive diversity procedure is as follows:
1. A gNodeB receives SRSs from a UE over multiple antennas, estimates the uplink channel
characteristics, and then sends downlink control information (DCI) to the UE, notifying the UE
of the optimal PMI/rank value.
2. The UE uses that PMI value to precode physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) data and
transmits it to the gNodeB.
3. The gNodeB uses multiple antennas to receive the PUSCH data, improving the signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) and stability of received signals and increasing uplink user throughput.
Diversity Gains
The space diversity and coherent reception (producing diversity gains) of multiple antennas produce
diversity gains. Diversity gains refer to the increased stability of the SNRs at the receiver end and to
the increased reliability of radio signal reception in deep fading propagation environment. In a
scenario where deep fading is an issue, the SNR can theoretically be increased by 10log(N), where
N is the number of gNodeB RX antennas or the number of beams. Figure 4-9 illustrates diversity
gains.
Figure 4-9 Diversity gains
With Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS, gNodeBs select an appropriate
beamforming weight for UEs to improve the MIMO multi-antenna array gain and spectral
efficiency, boosting downlink throughput and user experience. The DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW
option of the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch parameter specifies whether to
enable this function.
Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS allows downlink beamforming weight
selection based on SRS or PMI. The SRS-based selection applies to UEs with a large SINR. The
PMI-based selection applies to those with a small SINR. The weight selected based on the PMI is
more accurate at the cell edge, which improves the SINR to positively affect the data rate of CEUs.
4.2 Network Analysis
4.2.1 Benefits
Compared with a single antenna, multiple antennas can obtain interference suppression gains and
diversity gains, improving coverage and spectral efficiency. For details, see Array Gains and Diversity
Gains.
Compared with the default SRS-based weight selection, Downlink Adaptive Selection Between
PMI and SRS increases coverage performance by 1 dB and the downlink throughput of cell edge
UEs by 5%.
4.2.2 Impacts
None
4.3 Requirements
4.3.1 Licenses
None
4.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
Boards
All NR-capable main control boards and baseband processing boards support this feature. For
details, see BBU5900 Hardware Description.
RF Modules
Function RF Modules
Downlink beamforming and uplink receive All NR-capable AAUs/RRUs support this
diversity function.
For details about NR-capable AAUs, see AAU
Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and Technical Specifications.
SRS
For details about NR-capable RRUs, see RRU
Technical Specifications.
4.3.4 Others
None
4.4 Operation and Maintenance
Function Activation
This feature does not need to be activated. Operators only need to configure the
NRDuCellTrp.TxRxMode parameter, which specifies the TX and RX modes. NR cells are multi-
antenna cells by default. For details on how to configure a multi-antenna cell, see Cell Management.
Function Optimization
Table 4-2 lists parameters used for configuring Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS.
Table 4-2 Parameters used for optimization of Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS
Enhance
Switch
The following is an example of MML configuration for setting Downlink Adaptive Selection
Between PMI and SRS.
//Activating Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0,
AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch=DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW-1;
//Deactivating Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0,
AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch=DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW-0;
NR cells are multi-antenna cells. For details about activation verification for basic MIMO functions,
see Cell Management. The following describes activation verification for other MIMO functions.
The activation verification of Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS is as follows:
Log in to the U2020 and start the monitoring task:
1. Choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management.
2. In the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace Management tab page on the left, choose NR >
Cell Performance Monitoring > Downlink Multi-User MIMO Monitoring, and select the
corresponding base station and cell to view monitoring items.
• Average Number of Scheduled PMI Weight User
• Average Number of Scheduled SRS Weight User
Table 4-3 Checking whether Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS is enabled
If Then
SRS-based selection is used before Downlink If the value of Average Number of Scheduled
Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS is PMI Weight User after Downlink Adaptive
activated. Selection Between PMI and SRS is activated is
greater than 0, this function has taken effect.
If Then
PMI-based selection is used before Downlink If the value of Average Number of Scheduled
Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS is SRS Weight User after Downlink Adaptive
activated. Selection Between PMI and SRS is activated is
greater than 0, this function has taken effect.
The NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType parameter is used for setting the fixed MIMO weight:
• When NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType is set to 0, PMI-based selection is always used.
• When NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType is set to 1, SRS-based selection is always used.
NOTE:
If the DL_PMI_SRS_ADAPT_SW option of the NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.AdaptiveEdgeExpEnhSwitch parameter is
deselected, it is recommended that NRDUCellPdsch.FixedWeightType be set to 1, which means that SRS-based
selection is always used.
NR cells are multi-antenna cells. For details about network monitoring for basic MIMO functions,
see Cell Management. The following describes network monitoring for other MIMO functions.
When Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS takes effect, the total volume of
downlink data sent at the MAC layer in a cell (indicated by N.ThpVol.DL.Cell) increases.
5.1 Principles
DL SU Multiple Layers
This function uses multi-antenna technologies to enable downlink multi-layer data transmission for
a single UE.
As shown in Figure 5-1, with a 64T64R gNodeB, a 2T4R UE can support data transmission over up
to 4 layers in the downlink.
Figure 5-1 Example of DL SU multiple layers
The maximum number of downlink data layers for a single UE depends on the following factors:
• The smaller value between the number of gNodeB transmit antennas and the number of UE
receive antennas
• Restriction of the maximum number of downlink layers in a cell
• 3GPP specifications, which stipulate that a single UE supports a maximum of eight data layers in
the downlink
64T64R 2T4R 4
32T32R 2T4R 4
8T8R 2T4R 4
UL SU Multiple Layers
This function uses multi-antenna technologies to enable uplink multi-layer data transmission for a
single UE.
As shown in Figure 5-2, with a 64T64R gNodeB, a 2T4R UE supports data transmission over a
maximum of 2 layers in the uplink.
Figure 5-2 Example of UL SU multiple layers
The maximum number of uplink data layers for a single UE depends on the following factors:
• The smaller value between the number of gNodeB receive antennas and the number of UE
transmit antennas
• Restriction of the maximum number of uplink layers in a cell
• 3GPP specifications, which stipulate that a single UE supports a maximum of four data layers in
the uplink
64T64R 2T4R 2
32T32R 2T4R 2
8T8R 2T4R 2
5.2.1 Benefits
Network Impacts
No impact.
Function Impacts
No impact.
5.3 Requirements
5.3.1 Licenses
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in the following table.
The maximum number of layers in the SU-MIMO scenario must not exceed the number of layers
authorized by the following license (one license corresponds to two layers):
NR0S0DLEPU00 License for the massive MIMO DL per 2 Layers per Cell
2-layers extended processing unit
(NR)
NR0S0ULEPU00 License for the massive MIMO UL per 2 Layers per Cell
2-layers extended processing unit
(NR)
5.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
5.3.3 Hardware
Boards
All NR-capable main control boards and baseband processing boards support this feature. For
details, see BBU5900 Hardware Description.
RF Modules
Basic functions of SU-MIMO multiple layers All NR-capable RF modules support this
feature. For details, see 5900 Series Base
Station Technical Description.
Cells
None
5.3.4 Networking
None
5.3.5 Others
None
5.4 Operation and Maintenance
describes the parameters used for activation of SU-MIMO Multiple Layers, and no
Table 5-4
optimization is required.
Table 5-4 Parameters used for activation
Parameter Parameter ID Option Setting Notes
Name
NOTE:
In the User Common Monitoring dialog box, you are advised to set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value or
STMSI in the NSA networking and set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value or 5G-STMSI in the SA networking.
UL SU-MIMO Code0 UL Average This function has taken effect if the following
multiple layers Layer Num condition is met: 1 < Code0 UL Average Layer Num
< min (Number of gNodeB receive antennas,
Number of UE transmit antennas).
Determine the increase in single-UE throughput by checking the downlink and uplink UE
throughput after DL SU-MIMO multiple layers and UL SU-MIMO multiple layers are activated.
• Downlink UE throughput = N.ThpVol.DL/N.ThpTime.DL
• Uplink UE throughput = N.ThpVol.UL/N.ThpTime.UL
Use real-time monitoring items on the U2020 to observe the single-user rate increase after the
functions are enabled.
• DL SU multiple layers: On the U2020, choose User Performance Monitoring > User
Common Monitoring > Downlink MAC Throughput(bps). Compare the downlink MAC
throughput before and after the function is enabled.
• UL SU multiple layers: On the U2020, choose User Performance Monitoring > User
Common Monitoring > Uplink MAC Throughput(bps). Compare the uplink MAC
throughput before and after the function is enabled.
NOTE:
In the User Common Monitoring dialog box, you are advised to set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value or STMSI
in the NSA networking and set UEID Type to 5G-Random Value or 5G-STMSI in the SA networking.
6 MU-MIMO Basic Pairing
6.1 Principles
Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) allows for spatial multiplexing of the same OFDM time-frequency
resources by multiple UEs in uplink and downlink data transmission. This improves uplink and
downlink capacity and spectral efficiency. The selection of multiple UEs for MU-MIMO is called
pairing. Currently, only PDSCHs, physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs), and PUSCHs
support MU-MIMO. UEs are paired for MU-MIMO based on the following principles:
• If the paired UEs have high SINRs and isolated beams, or if the paired UEs have high SINRs
and their channels are close to orthogonal, interference between the UEs can be effectively
mitigated. In this situation, MU-MIMO increases cell capacity.
• If the UEs have low SINRs and the channels are strongly correlated, interference between the
UEs cannot be effectively mitigated and MU-MIMO may decrease the system throughput.
Pairing of such UEs is not recommended.
6.1.1 Downlink MU Spatial Multiplexing
Downlink MU spatial multiplexing enables the gNodeB to send data to two and more UEs using the
same PDSCH resources, thereby achieving spatial multiplexing gains, as shown in Figure 6-1. This
function improves spectral efficiency, and to some extent increases downlink throughput. In heavy
traffic scenarios, it also helps reduce the network load and improve user experience.
Figure 6-1 Downlink MU spatial multiplexing for PDSCHs
Table 6-1 lists the maximum number of layers for downlink MU spatial multiplexing for PDSCHs.
Table 6-1 Maximum number of layers for downlink MU spatial multiplexing for PDSCHs
gNodeB Type Maximum Number of Layers
64T64R 16
32T32R 16
8T8R 4
This function is enabled only when the DL_MU_MIMO_SW option of the
NRDuCellAlgoSwitch.MuMimoSwitch parameter is selected.
The maximum number of layers for spatial multiplexing on PDSCHs is specified by the cell-level
parameter NRDuCellPdsch.MaxMimoLayerNum.
• In heavy traffic scenarios, you can set this parameter to a large value to increase capacity.
• In light traffic scenarios, you can set this parameter to a small value to improve coverage.
When multiple UEs share time-frequency resources and the weight of the UEs is closer to
orthogonality, the interference received by the UE is smaller.
The cell-level parameter NRDuCellRsvdParam.RsvdU16Param15 can be used to set the weight
and power normalization mode for a cell. This function ensures that the transmit power of each
channel does not exceed the maximum output power supported by the transmit channel (specified
by TXBRANCH.TXMAXPWR) to prolong AAU lifetime.
• When this parameter is set to 0, the power of each channel of the gNodeB can reach the value of
the TXBRANCH.TXMAXPWR parameter, but the orthogonality of the MIMO weights cannot
be ensured.
• When this parameter is set to 1, the power of each channel of the gNodeB does not need to reach
the value of the TXBRANCH.TXMAXPWR parameter, but the orthogonality of the MIMO
weights can be ensured.
6.1.1.2 Downlink Mobile MU Enhancement
Downlink MU spatial multiplexing enables multiple UEs to multiplex CCE resources. The UEs
using the same CCE resources are distinguished based on DMRS port orthogonality and isolation
between transmit beams. This function increases the PDCCH capacity and enables more UEs to be
scheduled at the same time. This function also improves CCE utilization and saves CCE resources.
Figure 6-2 compares MU and SU spatial multiplexing for PDCCHs.
Only 32T32R and 64T64R gNodeBs support MU spatial multiplexing for PDCCHs. 8T8R
gNodeBs do not support this function.
Figure 6-2 Comparison of MU and SU spatial multiplexing for PDCCHs
Table 6-2 lists the maximum number of layers for downlink MU spatial multiplexing for PDCCHs.
Table 6-2 Maximum number of layers for downlink MU spatial multiplexing for PDCCHs
gNodeB Type Maximum Number of Layers
64T64R 4
32T32R 4
Uplink MU spatial multiplexing enables two or more UEs to send data to the gNodeB using the
same PUSCH resources, achieving spatial multiplexing gains, as shown in Figure 6-3. This function
improves spectral efficiency, and to some extent increases uplink throughput. In heavy traffic
scenarios, it also helps reduce the network load and improve user experience.
Figure 6-3 Uplink MU spatial multiplexing for PUSCHs
Table 6-3 lists the maximum number of layers for uplink MU spatial multiplexing for PUSCHs.
Table 6-3 Maximum number of layers for uplink MU spatial multiplexing for PUSCHs
gNodeB Type Maximum Number of Layers for Uplink MU
Spatial Multiplexing for PUSCHs
64T64R 4
32T32R 4
8T8R 4
6.2.1 Benefits
MU-MIMO is recommended for large traffic scenarios. The network traffic is considered large
when either of the following conditions is met:
• The uplink or downlink PRB usage is at least 50%.
• The number of RRC_CONNECTED UEs in the uplink or downlink is high. That is, the
maximum number of RRC_CONNECTED UEs in the downlink in a cell (indicated by
N.User.RRCConn.Active.DL.Max) or the maximum number of RRC_CONNECTED UEs in the
uplink in a cell (indicated by N.User.RRCConn.Active.UL.Max) is greater than or equal to 3.
MU-MIMO increases downlink and uplink cell throughput. This function is recommended for large
traffic scenarios.
The throughput gains depend on the number of layers for spatial multiplexing. When there are more
layers, the gains are greater. For full buffer service, this function provides a theoretical throughput
gain of N x 100%, where N is the number of layers for spatial multiplexing.
The downlink mobile MU enhancement function increases the downlink cell throughput. Therefore,
you are advised to enable this function.
6.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
None
Function Impacts
None
6.3 Requirements
6.3.1 Licenses
The operator has purchased and activated the license for the feature listed in the following table.
The maximum number of layers in the MU-MIMO scenario must not exceed the number of layers
authorized by the following license (one license corresponds to two layers):
NR0S0DLEPU00 License for the massive MIMO DL per 2 Layers per Cell
2-layers extended processing unit
(NR)
NR0S0ULEPU00 License for the massive MIMO UL per 2 Layers per Cell
2-layers extended processing unit
(NR)
6.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
None
6.3.3 Hardware
All NR-capable main control boards and baseband processing boards support this feature. For
details, see BBU5900 Hardware Description.
RF Modules
All NR-capable RF modules support this feature. For details, see 5900 Series Base Station
Technical Description.
Operators can use different RF modules depending on traffic requirements and other factors such as
available site space. Different RF modules vary in their weight, volume, and power consumption.
6.3.4 Others
None
6.4 Operation and Maintenance
Table 6-4 and Table 6-5 describe the parameters used for function activation and optimization.
Table 6-4 Parameters used for activation
Parameter Parameter ID Option Setting Notes
Name
1. Log in to the U2020. Choose Monitor > Signaling Trace > Signaling Trace Management.
2. In the navigation tree of the Signaling Trace Management tab page on the left, choose NR >
Cell Performance Monitoring > Downlink Multi-User MIMO Monitoring or NR > Cell
Performance Monitoring > Uplink Multi-User MIMO Monitoring, and select the
corresponding base station and cell to view monitoring items, as listed in Table 6-6. If the value
of a monitoring item is greater than one, the corresponding sub-function has taken effect.
Table 6-6 MU-MIMO monitoring items and meanings
Monitoring Item Meaning Description
Max Number of DL Maximum number of transmission If the value of this monitoring item is
Transmission Pair layers for paired RBs in downlink greater than 1, MU spatial multiplexing
Layers timeslots during which pairing for PDSCHs has taken effect.
occurs in a monitoring period
Max Number of UL Maximum number of transmission If the value of this monitoring item is
Transmission Pair layers for paired resource block greater than 1, MU spatial multiplexing
Layers groups (RBGs) during uplink for PUSCHs has taken effect.
scheduling in a monitoring period
The uplink and downlink cell throughput can be used to monitor the running status of MU MIMO:
Downlink cell throughput = Total volume of downlink data sent at the MAC layer in a cell
(N.ThpVol.DL.Cell)/Duration of downlink data transmission at the MAC layer in a cell
(N.ThpTime.DL.Cell)
Uplink cell throughput = Total volume of uplink data received at the MAC layer in a cell
(N.ThpVol.UL.Cell)/Duration of uplink data transmission at the MAC layer in a cell (N.ThpTime.UL.Cell)
7 Parameters
Table 7-1 Parameters
MO Parameter ID MML Command Feature Feature Des
ID Name
Unit: None
Actual Value Ran
DL_SU_MULTI_L
UL_SU_MULTI_L
SU_CSIRS_OPT_
Default Value:
DL_SU_MULTI_L
UL_SU_MULTI_L
SU_CSIRS_OPT_
DL_MU_MIMO_S
whether to enable
MIMO function.
GUI Value Range
UL_MU_MIMO_S
Switch), PDCCH_
MU Switch),
DL_MU_MIMO_S
MIMO Switch)
Unit: None
Actual Value Ran
UL_MU_MIMO_S
PDCCH_MU_SW
DL_MU_MIMO_S
Default Value:
UL_MU_MIMO_S
PDCCH_MU_SW
DL_MU_MIMO_S
8 Counters
the MAC
layer in a cell
NR: FOFD-
010010
NR: FOFD-
010010
9 Glossary
10 Reference Documents
1. Cell Management