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Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

1
Indigenizing the Social Sciences

Indigenizing the Social Sciences

The following are the objectives for this module:


1. Explain the significance of using a particular language for discourse
2. Critique dominant approaches using Filipino perspectives
Pantayong Pananaw
Key Thinker: Zeus A. Salazar
The proponent of this rather new theory of Pantayong Pananaw is the
historian and anthropologist, Zeus Salazar. He is a graduate of the University
of the Philippines and studied at the Sorbonne in Paris. He is considered to be
one of the most decorated and renowned Philippine historians of recent time.
Quite a number of his works were dedicated to the concept of Pantayong
Pananaw, and therefore, he is primarily known for his creation of the theory.
The Concept of Pantayong Pananaw
Ang buod ng pantayong pananaw ay nasa panloob na pagkakaugnay-
ugnay at paguugnay ng mga katangian, halagahin, kaalaman,
karunungan, hangarin, kaugalian, pag-aasal at karanasan ng isang
kabuuang pangkalinangan -- kabuuang nababalot sa, at ipinapahayag
sa pamamagitan ng isang wika; ibig sabihin, sa loob ng isang
nagsasariling talastasan/diskursong pangkalinangan o
pangkabihasnan. Isang reyalidad ito sa loob ng alin mang grupong
etnolingguwistikong may kabuuan at kakanyahan, sa atin at sa ibang
dako man ng mundo. (Salazar, 2000)
From this initial statement of Salazar, we can see that the concept of
Pantayong Pananaw begins with society itself, along with society’s collective
ambitions, intelligence, wishes, dreams and many others. Utilizing a single
language, the Pantayong Pananaw is the collective Filipino voice. Salazar
continues:
Samakatuwid, ang isang lipunan-at-kalinangan ay may “pantayong
pananaw” lamang kung ang lahat ay gumagamit ng mga konsepto at
ugali na alam ng lahat ang kahulugan, pati ang relasyon ng mga
kahulugang ito sa isa’t isa. (Salazar, 2000)
Salazar points out that a common language is important in establishing the
Pantayong Pananaw. Truthfully, the only way to build a common perspective
within a society is that if each individual contributes to the common social
discussion, and that everyone understands the common language. Therefore,
Pantayong Pananaw involves the participation of all members of society
together with their individual minds, and uniting them as a collective – the
Pantayong Pananaw.
Course Module
At present, Salazar notes that the Pantayong Pananaw is not closed-off.
Salazar mentions:
Sa madaling sabi, makukulong ang mga intelektuwal na Pilipino sa
balangkas ng kaisipang Amerikano at Kanluranin. Kaya, kahit na iyong
pakikibaka para sa kalayaan ay ipapaloob sa mga simulain at premis
ng sibilisasyon at history/historia ng Estados Unidos at Europa. Ang
lalong kapuna-puna rito ay yaong alitan mismo ng mga “konserbatibo”
(o “liberal”) at “rebolusyonaryo.” (Salazar, 2000)
Salazar points out that the education system in the Philippines, along with
the cultural influences of the West, make the Pantayong Pananaw affected by
Western perspectives. This is the situation of the present, according to his
article.
Ang pantayong pananaw ay isang buong (ibig sabihin, di watak-watak
na) diskursong pangkalinangan o pangkabihasnan, ang
pinakakatangian ng isang kalinangan o kabihasnang may kabuuan at
kakanyahan. Batayan siya, samakatuwid, ng pagkakaisa ng isang
grupo ng taong may sariling wika-at-kultura. (Salazar, 2000)

Glossary
 Pantayong Pananaw – “From-us-for-us perspective”: A
communication-based framework whose aim is to produce a
"national" discourse (“talastasang bayan”).

References
Navarro A., Rodriguez M.J. and Villan V., eds. (2000) Pantayong Pananaw:
Ugat at Kabuluhan, Pambungad sa Pag-aaral ng Bagong Kasaysayan.
Quezon City: Palimbagan ng Lahi.
Navarro, A. at Lagbao-Bolante, F. (eds) (2007) Mga Babasahin sa Agham
Panlipunang Pilipino: Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pilipinolohiya at
Pantayong Pananaw. Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

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