Debate PDF

formaluri debatebis
swavlebis damxmare
saxelmZRvanelo
nino beriSvili
Tbilisi 2016
gamocemulia fondi „Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos“ fi-
nansuri mxardaWeriT. avtoris/avtorebis mier sainformacio
masalaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes
fond ”Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos” pozicias. Sesabamisad,
fondi ar aris pasuxismgebeli masalis Sinaarsze.
Published with the financial support of the Open Society Georgia Founda-
tion. The views, opinions and statements expressed by the authors and those
providing comments are theirs only and do not necessarily reflect the position
of Open Society Georgia Foundation. Therefore, the Open Society Georgia
Foundation is not responsible for the content of the information material.
avtori: nino beriSvili
konsultanti: qeTevan kobalaZe
redaqtori: ia anTaZe
dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili
daibeWda Sps ,,beWdvis samyaroSi“
Tbilisi, 2016
© samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2016
ISBN 978-9941-0-5308-5
sarCevi
Sesavali................................................................................................................................... 5
pirveli Sexvedra.............................................................................................................. 12
meore Sexvedra................................................................................................................... 14
mesame Sexvedra................................................................................................................... 20
nawili I
karl poperis debatebis ZiriTadi elementebi................................................. 25
mtkicebiTi poziciis formireba.............................................................................. 29
I gakveTili rezolucia _ kamaTi Rirebulebebze............................................ 29
II gakveTili, definiciebi, argumentebi da kriteriumi ............................... 31
III gakveTili, debati or mxareze................................................................................ 35
IV gakveTili, kriteriumi _ mtkicebis mizani.................................................... 38
V gakveTili, damamtkicebeli masalebi formalur debatebSi................. 40
VI gakveTili, qeisi .......................................................................................................... 43
VII gakveTili uaryofa da aRdgena............................................................................ 48
uaryofili poziciis formireba
VIII gakveTili, uaryofa ................................................................................................. 53
IX gakveTili, uaryofa (argumentis sisusteebi).............................................. 58
X gakveTili, uaryofa (damamtkicebeli masalis
uaryofis meTodebi)......................................................................................................... 64
XI gakveTili, jvaredini dakiTxva .......................................................................... 69
XII gakveTili, argumentaciis aRdgena .................................................................. 74
XIII gakveTili, momxseneblebis gamosvlebi......................................................... 79
msajoba................................................................................................................................... 84
msajis biuleteni.............................................................................................................. 87
3
nawili II
karl poperis debatebi politikuri elementebiT......................................... 92
mtkicebiTi poziciis formireba.............................................................................. 93
I gakveTili, rezolucia da misi Camoyalibeba.................................................. 93
II gakveTili, problema da misi arCeva.................................................................... 97
III gakveTili, mtkicebiTi pozicia, ........................................................................102
IV gakveTili,mtkicebiTi pozicia, problemis gansazRvra........................105
V gakveTili, mtkicebiTi pozicia, gamosavali da misi etapebi..............108
VI gakveTili, mtkicebiTi pozicia, upiratesobebi
da maTi formireba..........................................................................................................113
VII gakveTili, mtkicebiTi pozicia, meore saxis gamosavali ...................117
VIII gakveTili, uarmyofeli pozicia.....................................................................119
uarmyofeli poziciis formireba
IX gakveTili, problemis uaryofa..........................................................................123
X gakveTili, qeisis ZiriTadi nawilis aRdgena...............................................126
XI gakveTili, uaryofa da aRdgena..........................................................................131
XII gakveTili, uaryofa da aRdgena, debati upiratesobebze....................137
XIII gakveTili, debati upiratesobebze, rogor davupirispirdeT
meore tipis gamosavals...............................................................................................140
XIV gakveTili, uaryofa da aRdgena, jvaredini dakiTxva,
da momxsenebelTa pasuxismgeblobebi................................................................145
saparlamento debatebi...............................................................................................149
4
Sesavali
saganmanaTleblo debatebi saqarTveloSi 1998 wlis gazafx-

ulidan fondi `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ karl poperis de-
batebis programis saSualebiT xorcieldeboda da inergeboda. pro-
gramis ZiriTadi saqmianoba mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos masStabiT
sxvadasxva skolaSi debat-klubebis Camoyalibebis, sadebato Seji-
brebebisa da RonisZiebebis Catarebis, zogadad, TamaSis populari-
zaciis kuTxiT. programis Sedegad Cvens qveyanaSi Camoyalibda daax-
loebiT samocamde klubi TbilisSi, baTumSi, TelavSi, quTaisSi,
samtrediaSi, saCxereSi, WiaTuraSi, ozurgeTSi, rusTavSi, xaSursa da
borjomSi.
karl poperis debatebis programis egidiT Catarda uamravi
turniri, banaki Tu sxva saganmanaTleblo Tu Sejibrebis xasiaTis
RonisZieba debatebSi, sadac monawileobis miReba yvela im moswav-
les SeeZlo, vinc ama Tu im sadebato klubis wevri iyo. aRniSnul
RonisZiebebSi asobiT moswavle da maswavlebeli erTveboda mTeli
saqarTvelodan.
debatebis programis saqmianoba mimarTuli iyo, aseve, `saparla-
mento debatebis~ ganviTarebis kuTxiT. studenturi saparlamento
debatebi treiningebisa da erovnuli turnirebis saxiT saqarTvelos
wamyvan universitetebSi xorcieldeboda.
karl poperis debatebis programis saSualebiT qarTul enaze
iTargmna debatebis swavlebisaTvis saWiro masalebi, romlebic saer-
TaSoriso debatebis asociacia IDEA -s mier iyo mowodebuli
fondi `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ dafinansebiT debateb-
is programis farglebSi qarTveli specialistebis avtorobiT 2000
wels gamoica saxelmZRvanelo `debatebis xelovneba~.
2004 wlidan saganmanaTleblo debatebis popularizacias far-
Tod da warmatebiT eweoda fondi `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~
Svilobili arasamTavrobo organizacia `saganmanaTleblo debatebis
asociacia~. am organizaciis mier gamoica ori saxelmZRvanelo sko-
lis maswavleblebisaTvis: 2006 wels _ `konstruqciuli debatebi~
da 2009 wels àxalgazrdoba irCevs~. orive saxelmZRvanelom mniS-
vnelovani wvlili Seitana debatebis swavlebis mimarTulebiT.
ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi formaluri debatebis popu-
larizacias eweva sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizacia da sagan-
manaTleblo dawesebuleba, rac Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan Sesa-
bamisad debatebis kulturis ganviTarebis axal pirobebs qmnis.
samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti fond ,,Ria sazogadoeba
5
- saqarTvelos“ finansuri mxardaWeriT 2012 wels axorcieleb-
da proeqts - ,,debatebi ganaTlebisa da integraciisaTvis“, romlis
farglebSi momzadda da pirvelad gamoica ,,debatebis swavlebis
damxmare saxelmZRvanelo. 2016 wlis seqtembridan samoqalaqo gan-
viTarebis instituti aseve fond ,,Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos“
finansuri mxardaWeriT axorcielebs proeqts: ,,studenturi ini-
ciativebis mxardaWera saganmanaTleblo debatebis gziT.“ proeqtis
farglebSi winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo gamoiwema meored.
samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti mxars uWers saganmanaTle-
blo, formaluri debatebis ganviTarebas, saxelmZRvanelo ki qmediT
daxmarebas gauwevs debatebiT dainteresebul yvela pirsa da or-
ganizacias.
formaluri debatebis swavlebis miznebi

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo moicavs `formaluri debatebis“
swavlebis mTlian programas. saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia im ada-
mianebisaTvis, romlebic mozardebTan muSaoben da aviTareben maTSi
urTierTobis, TanamSromlobisa da TviTdamkvidrebis unarebs. sax-
elmZRvanelos saxelwodeba _ `formaluri debatebi ganaTlebisa da
integraciisaTvis“ _ mianiSnebs, rom debatebis swavlebis meTodis
gamoyeneba erTdroulad xels uwyobs mozardebSi saganmanaTleblo
unarebis daxvewas da tolerantobis ideaze dafuZnebuli civiluri
urTierTobis Camoyalibebas.
debatebis xelovneba am SemTxvevaSi ganixileba, rogorc poziti-
uri konfliqti, romlis drosac xdeba mozardis inteleqtualuri
da pirovnuli zrda, mzadeba momavali zrdasruli cxovrebisaTvis.
formaluri debatebis dros azrTa Widili warmoqmnis konstruqci-
ul Zalas, romelic gamodis gareT da ubiZgebs axalgazrda pirovne-
bas, zedapirze gamoitanos konkretuli movlenebisa Tu faseulobeb-
is mimarT gonebaSi Rrmad Senaxuli azrebi da damokidebulebebi.
im asakSi, rodesac adamianis pirovneba yalibdeba, Zalze mniS-
vnelovania Rirebulebebisa da problematuri sakiTxebis mimarT sa-
kuTari, Tavisufali (Tundac, mcdari) Sexedulebebis qona da poz-
itiur garemoSi maTi dafiqsireba. formaluri debatebi aris TamaSi,
romelic swored aseTi pirobebis Seqmnas uzrunvelyofs. debati
ubiZgebs axalgazrdas gamoTqvas Tavisi pozicia mTeli simZafriT da
damajereblobiT. debatis ZiriTadi principebi _ logikuri msjelo-
ba da argumentacia _ moiTxovs misgan sadebato Temis kvlevas, gaana-
lizebas da swori daskvnebis gamotanas.
6
debatis procesSi, destruqciuli konfliqtisagan gansxvavebiT,
warmoiqmneba SemoqmedebiTi sawyisi, romelic aiZulebs tvins iaz-
rovnos ufro aqtiurad, ufro moxerxebulad, ipovos gamosavali da
daasabuTos misi siswore. debatebis monawileebi, garda zogadi un-
arebisa, romlebsac mzadebisa da uSualod TamaSis procesSi iZenen,
SeimuSaveben sakuTar, individualur damxmare meTodebs. debatebis
teqnika ki aRWurvavs maT mravalgzis aprobirebuli meqanizmebisa da
xerxebis mTeli arsenaliT.
`formaluri debatebis“ Seswavlis winamdebare kursi miznad
isaxavs, mozardebTan momuSave adamianebs daexmaros, ganaviTaron mo-
zardebSi pirovnebisadmi pativiscema; aswavlon, rom oponentis mier
gamoTqmuli mosazreba aris mxolod misi Sexeduleba ama Tu im mov-
lenasTan mimarTebaSi. rogorc erTi monetis ori mxare gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan, aseve Sexedulebebic erTsa da imave `saganze“ Sei-
Zleba gansxvavdebodes erTimeorisagan. debatebis xelovnebis dau-
flebis procesSi axalgazrdebi swavloben, rom gansxvavebuli azri
ar unda gaxdes pirovnebisadmi negatiuri damokidebulebis mizezi.
`formaluri debatebis“ struqtura agebulia meqanizmze,
romelic uzrunvelyofs mosmenisaTvis pozitiuri garemos Seqmnas.
momxseneblebi (modebateebi) sruliad Tanabar pirobebSi arian. Tan-
asworuflebianobis SegrZneba mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi ar tovebs
maT. momxsenebli gamosvlis dro xelSeuxebelia, mas sityvas aravin
awyvetinebs. oponentebi ki mTeli yuradrebiT usmenen, raTa Semdgom
gamosvlebSi gaaZlieron sakuTari pozicia, Rirseuli oponireba
gauwion. `sxvisi“ azri xdeba Rirebuli, pativsacemi. dapirispirebul
mxareebs Soris TandaTanobiT Zlierdeba urTierTndoba, viTardeba
gulwrfeloba da Semwynarebloba. msajis samarTliani komentari ki
aRvivebs SegrZnebas, rom zrdasrulma adamianma moismina da gaaanal-
iza misi mosazrebebi. mozards uCndeba pozitiuri gancda, rom mas
mousmines, mis pirovnebas pativi sces, misi azri misaRebi da Rire-
bulia. Sejibris faqtori, gulwrfeli sixarulisa Tu TamaSis wage-
biT gamowveuli guliswyvetisa, yvela SemTxvevaSi kmayofilebis da
samarTlianobis SegrZnebebs iwvevs. debati momavali megobrobisa da
TanamSromlobis myari safuZveli xdeba.
urTierToba da TanamSromloba warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos
ZiriTad koncefcias. samarTlianobis principebze dafuZnebuli
`formaluri debatebi“ cxovrebaSic swori Rirebulebebis Camoya-
libebas uwyobs xels. mozard asakSi usamarTlobis SegrZneba moma-
valSi avtokratiulobisa da Zaladobis safuZveli xdeba. debatis
procesSi urTierTpativiscemis suliskveTeba xels uwyobs demokra-
7
tiuli Rirebulebebis aRzrdas. pirovneba, romelic miznad daisaxa-
vs, aswavlos `formaluri debatebi“, jgufis wevrebTan mecadineobis
drosac am principebiT unda xelmZRvanelobdes.
skolis debatklubis maswavlebeli iqneba es, leqtori, romelime
organizaciasTan arsebuli klubis xelmZRvaneli Tu socialuri mu-
Saki, kargad unda grZnobdes, rom SemoTavazebuli debatebis swav-
lebis koncefcia xelmZRvanels da jgufs erT SemoqmedebiT gundad
moiazrebs. modebateTa jgufis (klubis) lideri unda iyos debatebis
teqnikis mcodne, saganmanaTleblo unarebis mqone adamiani da See-
Zlos Seqmnas TanamSromlobaze dafuZnebuli, pozitiuri garemo.
yvela Sexvedra unda iyos Teoriulad winaswar momzadebuli, dageg-
mili, droSi gaTvlili da mizanmimarTuli. ukukavSiris meqanizmebis
daxmarebiT jgufi TandaTanobiT mixvdeba, rom mas SeuZlia situaci-
is marTva, mimdinare samuSao procesis gankargva. es jgufs miscems
garkveul mimarTulebas da stils, xolo regularuli konsulta-
ciebi xelmZRvanelis mxridan daexmareba monawileebs, kargad gaiaz-
ron Sesrulebuli samuSao da igrZnon Tavisufleba, rodesac Rire-
bul mosazrebebs miagneben.
winamdebare kursis filosofia gamyarebulia rwmeniT, rom Ti-
Toeul individs aqvs mniSvnelovani Sinagani potenciali. adami-
ani dabadebulia Semoqmedebis, kvlevis, eqsperimentebis Catare-
bis, TamaSis da TamaSiT swavlis surviliT; paeqrobis, Sejibris
moTxovnilebiT. Cveni aRzrda da ganaTleba an aviTarebs da amyarebs
am survilebs, an axSobs maT. CaxSobis SemTxvevaSi, mozardis energia
gamovlindeba apaTiaSi, cinizmsa da sxva alternatiul midrekile-
bebSi. jgufis marTvis demokratiuli stili keTilganwyobis niadags
Seqmnis, xolo debatebis swavlebis specifika xels Seuwyobs mozard-
ebSi Cabudebuli SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis provocirebas da civiluri
kamaTis safuZvlebis Seswavlas.
vis saxels atarebs saganmanaTleblo formaluri debatebi da ra

tipis debatebs swavloben mozardebi?
warmodgenili kursi saSualebas iZleva, mozardebma safuZv-
lianad Seiswavlon „formaluri debatebis“ ori formati. jgufis
xelmZRvaneli TviTon irCevs, Tu romeli formatiT aswavlos Tavis
jgufs. formatis arCevani damokidebuli iqneba imaze, Tu ra mima-
rTulebiT surT monawileebs debatebis xelovnebis Seswavla. Sesa-
Zlebelia debatebis maswavlebelma gadawyvitos, rom orive for-
matis Tanmimdevrulad Seswavla met Sedegs gamoiRebs da jgufTan
8
Sexvedrebi dagegmos orive formatis aTvisebis mimarTulebiT.
pirveli, `RirebulebiTi“ formati, gulisxmobs kamaTs Rirebule-
bebze. am formatSi sakamaTo sakiTxs aqvs debulebis saxe, romelsac
SesaZlebelia ori mxridan SevxedoT.. debulebas `cxovelTa gamoy-
eneba samedicino cdebisaTvis arahumanuria!“ aqvs ori mxare; rac
gulisxmobs, rom Cven SegviZlia vimsjeloT imaze, rom namdvilad
arahumanuria cocxali arsebebis wvaleba, Tundac, adamianis janm-
rTelobis sakeTildReod. magram Cven aseve SegviZlia SevekamaToT
am azrs da SevimuSavoT argumentebi, romlebic adamianis sicocxles
ufro Rirebulad CaTvlis da sxvadasxva seniT daavadebuli adami-
anebis mosarCenad mecnieruli cdebisaTvis cxovelebis gamoyenebas
dasaSvebad miiCnevs. msgavs rezoluciaze debati aramarto Rire-
bulebebze kamaTis teqnikas aswavlis mozardebs, aramed specifi-
kuri samecniero sakiTxebisadmi interesis gaCenas da kvlevis unaris
Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels.
meore formati, `politikuri debatebi“, gulisxmobs sakamaTo
rezolucias, sadac ar xdeba imis dasabuTeba, Tu ra aris Rirebuli
da ra _ ara. am formatSi ganxilvis sagani imTaviTve dadebiT Rire-
bulebas moiazrebs. magaliTad, amgvari sakamaTo Tema: `msofliom
unda aicilos ekologiuri katastrofa“. aq ar aris sakamaTo rom
msofliom, globalurma sazogadoebam, yvela qveyanam, cal-calke
namdvilad unda moagvaros ekologiuri sakiTxebi. aq Cndeba kiTxva
_ rogor? ra gziT, ra xerxiT, ra gegmiT, ra proeqtiT da ra saxsre-
biT. aseve, am formatSi umniSvnelovanesia is, Tu rogor aris gaaz-
rebuli problema. saidan warmoiSva is? ratom ar iWreba dRemde? ar-
sebobs Tu ara problemis gadaWris sxva proeqtebi da Tu arsebobs,
ra winaaRmdegobebs xvdeba? `politikuri debatebis“ saxelwodeba
gamomdinareobs TamaSis strategiulad dagegmvis saWiroebidan. `Ri-
rebulebiTi debatebis“ formatis wesebi da struqtura mowinaaRm-
dege gundebisaTvis mxolod erTi dadgenili strategiiT TamaSs
gulisxmobs, `politikuri debatebis“ wesebi ki ufro Tavisufalia.
dapirispirebuli gundebi uSualod TamaSis procesSi, Seqmnili vi-
Tarebidan gamomdinare qmnian TamaSis strategias da taqtikas, rac
erTobliobaSi gundis TamaSis politikas gansazRvravs.
gamocdilebidn gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia am ori formatis
damoukideblad Seswavla. Tumca, bevri eqsperti amjobinebs, jer
`RirebulebiTi“ formati aswavlos Tavis moswavleebs, Semdgom ki
`politikuri“. arsebobs mosazreba, rom `RirebulebiTi“ debati
ufro mosargebia 12-dan 14 wlamde asakobrivi kategoriis jgufisaT-
vis, xolo 14-dan 18 wlamde mozardebTan ufro sainteresoa muSaoba
9
`politikur“ formatze. yvela gza dasaSvebia da damokidebulia de-
batebis klubis xelmZRvanelis individualur mosazrebebze.
es ori formati warmoadgens `formaluri debatebis“ saerTaSor-
iso standarts, romlis mixedviTac mimdinareobs debatebis turnire-
bi mTel msoflioSi. swavlebis meTodologia ki mravalwliani Teo-
riuli kvlevis, dakvirvebis da mozardebTan praqtikuli muSaobis
Sedegad Camoyalibda. Cvens wignSi warmodgenili savarjiSoebi da
Teoriuli masala sruliad axali da originaluria da formaluri
debatebis yvela elementis Tanabrad SeswavlisaTvis aris gamiznuli.
`formalur debatebSi“ poziciis dasabuTebis mTavari iaraRi
argumentia, xolo misi dacvis yvelaze Zlieri meTodi _ sakuTari
argumentisaTvis kontrargumentis moZebna. am dros, naTlad Cans ar-
gumentis susti mxareebi, logikur msjelobaSi daSvebuli Secdomebi
da faqtebis Seusabamobebi. Tqven winaSe warmodgenili `formaluri
debatebis“ orive formati meoce saukunis pirvel naxevarSi moRvawe,
kritikuli racionalizmis brwyinvale warmomadgenlis, avstrieli
filosofosis karl poperis (1902-1994) saxels atarebs. misi kvlevebi
mecnieruli Teoriis WeSmaritebis xarisxis dadgenis mimarTulebiT
moiazrebs ara Teoriis WeSmaritebis dadgens, aramed misi mcdaro-
bis aRmoCenas. `formaluri debatebis“ filosofia epasuxeba karl
poperis mier Seqmnili sociologiuri mecnierebis monapovras, `Ria
sazogadoebis“ filosofias.
karl poperis saxelobis debatebis garda, saqarTveloSi ganvi-
Tarebulia saparlamento da sajaro debatebi. saxelmZRvanelos mi-
zania, mkiTxveli am or formatsac gaecnos. wignis bolo ori Tavi
swored maT eZRvneba. marTalia am nawils ar eqneba sagakveTilo saxe,
magram mowodebuli masalebi da stili daexmareba swavlebaSi da am
swavlebis safuZvelze Catardeba, rogorc `britanuli parlamentis“
formatis debatebi, aseve `sajaro“ formatis debatebic.
dasasrulisaTvis unda aRvniSnoT, rom kursi iTvaliswinebs gun-
duri muSaobis principebs, sadac auditoriis idealuri raodenoba
aris 15. Tumca praqtikaSi aprobirebulia 12 - 20 wevriani jgufebi.
saxelmZRvanelos struqtura
arsebuli kursis Teoria gamoyvanilia praqtikidan. TiToeul
mecadineobas eqneba Tavisi mizani. yoveli gakveTili Tanmimdevru-
lad eZRvneba „formaluri debatebis“ Seswavlis garkveul etaps,
10
safexurs. yvela safexuri erTobliobaSi ki aRWurvavs moswavleebs
im konkretuli unarebiT, rac aucilebelia warmatebuli modebati-
saTvis.
debatebis Seswavlis sawyis etapze mniSvnelovania auditoriam

gaigos:
• ratom swavlobs debatebis TamaSs;
• ra unarebis Camoyalibebas Seuwyobs xels debatebis swavla;
• rogoria TamaSis struqtura;
• ra sami ZiriTadi principi axasiaTebs debatebs;
• ratom qvia formalur debatebs `saganmanaTleblo“;
• ra aris debatebis ZiriTadi iaraRi.
am sakiTxebs daeTmoba pirveli sami Sexvedra.
mosamzadebeli Sexvedrebis Semdeg, rodesac jgufi ukve Camoya-
libebuli iqneba, Tqven SeZlebT daiwyoT uSualod debatebis teqni-
kis Seswavla. auditorias ukve eqneba mzaoba nabij-nabij aiTvisos
Tqven mier SemoTavazebuli yvela xerxi da meTodi.
saxelmZRvaneloSi debatebis orive formatis Seswavlas daeT-
moba 26 gakveTili.
yvela gakveTili warimarTeba droSi gaTvlili mkafio gegmiT.
gakveTilis struqtura iTvaliswinebs:
1. Teoriul nawils maswavleblisaTvis;
2. interaqtiuli savarjiSos msvlelobis meTodur miTiTebas;
3. moswavleTaTvis sagangebod SerCeul sakvlev masalebs;
4. savarjiSos ganxilvisaTvis saWiro Teoriul miTiTebas.
ZiriTadi Temebis garda, saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia msajobis
kriteriumebi, msajis eTika, TamaSis Sefasebis teqnika da rekomen-
daciebi, romlebic damwyeb msajebs TamaSis ganxilvis, Sefasebis da
komentarebis gakeTebis dros gamoadgebaT.
saxelmZRvanelos pirveli sami Tavi warmoadgens formaluri de-
batebis swavlebis Sesavals. pirvel sam Sexvedraze mwvrTneli au-
ditorias auxsnis, Tu ratom unda iswavlos debatebi; ra aris for-
maluri debatebis ZiriTadi principebi da Semadgeneli elementebi.
Catardeba ramdenime savarjiSo.
11
pirveli Sexvedra
xangrZlivoba _ 60 wuTi
ratom unda iswavlon mozardebma debatebis TamaSi?

kamaTi adamianebis cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. sityva `debat-
ic~ xom sakiTxis garCevasa da mosazrebebis gacvlas niSnavs. samsax-
urSi, ojaxSi, megobrebis wreSi Cven mudmivad gamovTqvamT sakuTar
mosazrebebs Cven irgvliv myof adamianebTan. azris gamoTqmas mos-
devs kiTxvebi, dazustebebi, informaciis gacvla, faqtebis moSve-
lieba da logikuri dasabuTeba. Cveni mosazrebebi irgvliv myofTaT-
vis SeiZleba iyos savsebiT misaRebi, gaRvivdes interesi maT mimarT.
magram SeiZleba Cven irgvliv myofT hqondeT gansxvavebuli azric
da maT oponireba gagviwion. araformalur debatebSi winaswar veras-
dros ganvWvretT, rogor moxdeba poziciebis ganawileba, an ramde-
nad myari iqneba es poziciebi. araformalur debatebSi xSirad xdeba,
rom `mowinaaRmdegebi“ Tavidan verc ki xvdebian, rom erTsa da im-
ave ideas emxrobian. araformaluri msjeloba SeiZleba sainteresod
ganviTardes da saintereso daskvnebamdec mivides. amave dros, es
gacxarebuli dapirispireba SesaZlebelia moulodnelad Cacxres.
daikargos interesi sakiTxis mimarT, moxdes Temidan gadaxveva da
spontanurad wamoiWras sruliad sxva, aranakleb saintereso Temebi.
araformaluri debatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ZalTa araTanabari
gadanawileba, rodesac erT `mxares“ aRmoCndeba ori, sami an meti
`moTamaSe“ , meore `mxares“ ki _ mxolod erTi. araformaluri kama-
Tisas, xSirad modebateebs uerTdebian axali monawileebi, romleb-
mac arc ki ician detalurad, Tu ra sakiTxis ganxilva mimdinareobs
da kamaTma Seicvalos mimarTuleba, dinamika. SesaZlebelia, aseTi
kamaTi gagrZeldes droSi, Tuki Semomatebuli `monawile“ aRmoCndeba
sakiTxis eqsperti da debati leqciur saxes miiRebs. araformaluri
kamaTis dros adamianebi ukeT icnoben erTmaneTs, atareben dros,
akeTeben garkveul daskvnebs sakuTari TavisTvis, interesdebian Te-
miT. interesi momavalSi sakiTxis ufro Rrmad Seswavlas Cauyaris
safuZvels, magram sadebato unarebis SesaZenad da dasaxvewad igi
namdvilad naklebad gamosadegia.
`formaluri debatebi“ ki _ xelSesaxebi instrumentia, romelic
teqnikurad da ostaturad ayalibebs axalgazrda adamianis inteleq-
tualur da pirovnul unarebs.
am sakiTxebze saubari mizanSewonilia kursis dasawyisSi, pirve-
live Sexvedraze, rodesac samuSao jgufi Camoyalibebis procesSia
12
da monawileebma naTlad unda SeigrZnon debatebis xelovnebis dau-
flebis upiratesobebi. kursis wamyvans SeuZlia ganixilos jgufTan
araformaluri kamaTi, Semdgom ki mouyves jgufis wevrebs for-
maluri debatebis principebi. mokled auxsnas TamaSis wesebi da Se-
jibrisaTvis mzadebis etapebi. mas SeuZlia, Caataros pirveli savar-
jiSo _ `gonebrivi ieriSi“, romlis drosac dafaze dawers kiTxvas:
`ras viswavliT, ra unarebs SeviZenT formaluri debatebis Seswav-
lis dros?“ 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi jgufis monawileebi TiTo sity-
viT asaxeleben im unarebs, rac, maTi azriT, debatebis Seswavlis
procesSi muSavdeba. sakvirvelia, es umartivesi savarjiSo rogor
efeqturad gansazRvravs formaluri debatebis swavlebis yvela
mizans da upiratesobebs. jgufis monawileebi TviTonve amboben
xelmZRvanelis saTqmels, TviTonve midian swor daskvnebamde. da-
faze qaoturad Cndeba calkeuli sityvebi _ `kritikuli azrovnebis
unari“ , àrgumentebis Camoyalibebis unari“, `kvlevis unar-Cveve-
bi“, `logikuri msjelobis unarebis daxvewa“, `swrafi azrovnebis
unari“, `SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTareba“, `ganaTlebis miRebis sur-
vili“, `gadawyvetilebis swrafad miRebis unari“, òratoruli un-
arebi“, `Tavdajerebuloba“, `sazogadoebis winaSe wardgomis unari“,
`sakuTari azrebis gamoTqmis siTamame“, òponirebis unari“, `drois
menejmenti“, `mosmenis unari“, `kiTxvis dasmis teqnika“, `gunduri
muSaoba“, òrganizebuloba“, `lideroba“ . . . CamonaTvali sxvadasxva
jgufSi, asakis, profesiis miuxedavad, TiTqmis identuria. savar-
jiSo axalisebs monawileebs. 5 wuTis Semdeg, yvelam ukve TiTqmis
zustad icis jgufSi misi mecadineobis mizani. wamyvani madlobas
gadauxdis monawileebs da daadasturebs, rom formaluri debatebis
Seswavla da Semdgom uSualod debatebis procesi namdvilad yvela
zemoT aRniSnuli unaris Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels.
wamyvans SeuZlia winaswar didi zomis furcelze Camoweros is
ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi, romelebsac aviTarebs debatebi. savarjiSos
Sesrulebis Semdeg ki es CamonaTvali aCvenos auditorias.
debatebi aviTarebs:
• logikur da kritikul azrovnebas;
• ideebis organizebuli saxiT Camoyalibebas;
• zepiri metyvelebis unars;
• empaTias da Semwynareblobas sxvadasxva Sexedulebis mimarT;
• sakuTari Tavis rwmenas;
• gunduri muSaobis unars;
• problemis arsze koncentrirebis unars;
• sajaro gamosvlis stilis SemuSavebis unar-Cvevas;
13
daskvnis saxiT, debatebis treneri ityvis, rom yvela es unari,
romelic man warmoadgina auditoriis winaSe da TviT auditoriis
mier dafiqsirebuli unarebi erTobliobaSi efeqturi urTierTob-
isTvis aris aucilebeli.
jgufTan pirvel Sexvedraze dadebiTi efeqti aqvs saubars
Temaze: „ra profesiis adamianebs sWirdebaT debatebis xelovnebaSi
gawafuloba?“. aqac efeqturia 3 wuTiani gonebrivi ieriSis Catare-
ba. dafaze gaCndeba CamonaTvali _ àdvokati“, `prokurori“, `poli-
tikosi“, ,parlamentari“, `mecnieri“, `fsiqologi“, `skolis maswavle-
beli“, `leqtori“, `Jurnalisti“, `teleSous wamyvani“, `biznesmeni“,
èqimi“, `maRaziis konsultanti“ . . . es siac didi iqneba, rogorc
pirveli savarjiSos Sesrulebisas miRebuli CamonaTvali. wamyvanma
unda misces saSualeba jgufis wevrebs, gaakeTon mokle komentari
orive savarjiSosTan mimarTebaSi. sabolood, wamyvani ajamebs Sex-
vedras da aRniSnavs, rom orive savarjiSos Sedegad da monawileeb-
is komentarebze dayrdnobiT, mivdivarT daskvnamde, rom debatebis
xelovneba Tanamedrove cxovrebis moTxovnaa da profesiuli war-
matebis miRwevaSi mas mniSvnelovani roli akisria.
momavali modebateebis jgufTan pirveli SexvedrisaTvis es ori
savarjiSo sruliad sakmarisi iqneba. maT zustad ecodinebaT, ras
Seiswavlian momaval Sexvedrebze, ra mizani eqneba maT mecadineobebs,
Tqven ki gecodinebaT maTi molodinebi.
meore Sexvedra
xangrZlivoba _ 60 wuTi
debatebis sami ZiriTadi principi
meore Sexvedraze aranakleb mniSvnelovania, axlad Camoyalibe-
buli jgufis wevrebma gaigon, rom debatebis TamaSi, garda sagan-
manaTleblo mniSvnelobisa, Rirseuli moqalaqis aRzrdasac emsax-
ureba. debatebis trenerma unda auxsnas momaval modebateebs, rom
kargi debati aris ara mogebaze orientirebuli, aramed samarTliani
da koreqtuli TamaSi. debatebis swavleba da, Sesabamisad, Sedegebis
miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod debatebis sami ZiriTadi principis
dacviT.
1. urTierTpativiscema _ debatebis mimdinarebisas Cven vaxdenT
Tavdasxmas mxolod oponentebis argumentebze da ara TviT
oponentebze. debatebi ar exeba monawileTa pirovnebebs, exeba
maT ideebs. ideebis SejaxebaSi mTavari iaraRi aris dasabuTebu-
li argumentebi. amitom kamaTis dros nu daviviwyebT urTierT-
14
pativiscemas. Cveni oponentebi mxolod erTi saaTiT arian Cveni
mowinaaRmdegeebi. debatebis trenerma unda auxsnas Tavis msme-
nelebs, rom `formaluri debatebis“ erT-erTi mizani adamianTa
Soris keTilganwyobili da megobruli urTierTobis waxalise-
baa. avuxsnaT mozardebs, rom debatis dros Zalian sasiamovnoa,
rodesac mowinaaRmdegeebi erTmaneTisadmi pativiscemas gamox-
ataven, debatebi ar warimarTeba pirovnebebis garSemo. aq mTa-
varia is, Tu rogor upirispirdebian erTmaneTs ideebi. amitom
Cven arasdros unda davamciroT, uxeSad ar unda moveqceT opo-
nentebs. Seteva im pirovnebaze, romelic sapirispiro ideebs
wamoayenebs, ulamazo da usargebloa, es mxolod yuradRebis
gafantvas gamoiwvevs. msajebi aseT gamosvlebs uaryofiTad
afaseben. moTamaSem ki mTeli yuradReba msajis darwmunebaze
unda gadaitanos da ara mowinaaRmdegis gadarwmunebaze.
2. patiosneba _ Tu miviRebT pirvel princips, meoris miReba ar
gagviWirdeba. Tu davarwmunebT Cvens moswavleebs, rom debateb-
Si ganaTlebis miReba da unarebis daxvewa ufro mniSvnelova-
nia, vidre mogeba, maT ar eqnebaT motivi, moityuon argumen-
tebis Seqmnis procesSi. debatebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
monapovaria oponentebis urTierTndoba. namdvili modebate
yovelTvis patiosania, vinaidan misTvis codnis SeZena da unar-
Cvevebis gamomuSaveba gamarjvebaze mniSvnelovania. patiosneba
debatebis RerZia. rodesac debatis dros ama Tu im saWirboro-
to Temaze vsaubrobT, Cven xom, upirveles yovlisa, simarTlis
povna gvsurs?!
modebateebi patiosnebi unda iyvnen damamtkicebeli masalebis
gamoyenebaSi, magaliTebis, statistikuri monacemebis wardgenasa Tu
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros. modebatem umjobesia umTavres kiTxvaze
upasuxos àr vici“, amis gamo TamaSi waagos, Semdgom ki Temis kvlevas
ufro meti yuradReba dauTmos, vidre upatiosnod gamovides mis-
Tvis arasasurveli mdgomareobidan.
1. debatebi swavlisTvis
mesame principi `saganmanaTleblo debatebis“ safuZvels war-
moadgens. gavaxsenoT Cvens momaval modebateebs, rom sityvis Zalas
Cvens sazogadoebaSi xandaxan arasaTanado mniSvneloba eniWeba. Cveni
unari, kargad CamovayaliboT azri, aRiqmeba, rogorc TavisTavadi.
iTvleba, rom Tu adamians aqvs sityvebis mdidari maragi da grama-
tikis codna, mas avtomaturad SeuZlia Tqvas kargi gamosasvleli
sityva.
15
skolis programebi, rogorc wesi, ar iTvaliswinebs zepiri me-
tyvelebis Segnebul swavlebas. amitom mozardebisaTvis sajaro ga-
mosvlebi, gansakuTrebiT ki _ sajaro diskusiebi, stress utoldeba.
zogi maTgani ar icavs sakuTar azrs da gaCumebas amjobinebs, zogi
ki, piriqiT, oponentis mosazrebebis mimarT upativcemulobas gamox-
atavs.
debatebis saganmanaTleblo teqnologiis gamoyeneba saswavlo
procesSi xels uwyobs swavlis mdgrad motivacias, vinaidan saswav-
lo masalebi iZens gansakuTreebul Sinaarss. Sejibris faqtori ki am
masalebis SemoqmedebiTi kvlevis da siRrmiseuli Seswavlis mastimu-
lirebelia. `debatebi“ saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi amocanebis mTeli
kompleqsis efeqturad gadawyvetis saSualebas iZleva.
debatebis sam ZiriTad principze saubari daaxlovebiT 10 wuTs
unda gagrZeldes, Tumca, am sakiTxebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba de-
batebis mwvrTnels SesaZlebelia xSirad dasWirdes, sanam modeba-
teebi ar gaiTaviseben maT.
meore Sexvedra xalisiani da saintereso rom gamovides, gavaaqti-

uroT auditoria, SevTavazoT savarjiSo, romelic debatebis el-
ementebsac Seicavs da, amave dros, patiosnebisa da urTierTpativis-
cemis principebze iqneba orientirebuli.
debatebis mwvrTnelma sasurvelia, moamzados mokle teqsti, pat-
ara istoria, romelsac waukiTxavs auditorias. kiTxvis paralelu-
rad aucilebelia dafaze istoriis sqematuri Canaxatis Sesruleba.
istoriaSi unda iyos 5-6 personaJi, romlebic dakavSirebulni arian
erTmaneTTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT, ficiT. istoriis siuJetSi
unda ganviTardes konfliqti, romlis drosac irRveva pirobebi,
ikveTeba personaJebis interesebi, Cndeba dilema, iwyeba molaparake-
bebi. personaJebs ki aucileblad uwevT ori arasasurveli SesaZle-
blobidan erT-erTis arCeva. istoriis bolos monawileebs unda gauC-
ndeT survili, Seafason personaJebis qmedebebi, daicvan an amxilon
istoriis gmirebi. dafaze Caxatuli istoria, mokle warwerebisa da
konturuli gamosaxulebebis daxmarebiT, siuJetis da personaJebis
mkafiod aRqmas Seuwyobs xels.
magaliTisaTvis, SemogTavazebT erT-erT aseT istorias da sa-
varjiSos msvlelobas.
savarjiSos xangrZlivoba: 40 wuTi
savarjiSos miznebi: gunduri muSaobis principebis danergva, argu-
mentis Camoyalibeba, kontrargumentebis SemuSaveba, poziciis dacva.
16
savarjiSos mimdinareoba 5 etapad iyofa
pirveli etapi _ wamyvani kiTxulobs mokle istorias da dafaze

sqematurad xatavs mas (5 wuTi).
erTi ledis istoria

kunZulze, didebul cixe-koSkSi cxovrobda erTi ledi. misi
meuRle xSirad tovebda kunZuls da wasvlisas yovel jerze ubareb-
da Tavis cols: `cixe-koSkSi damelode, arsad waxvide! icode, Tu
gavigeb, rom kunZuli datove, mkacrad dagsji!“ ase gadioda wle-
bi. erT dRes, rodesac qmari saxlSi ar iyo, ledis mobezrda cixe-
koSkSi yofna, daiqirava navi da qalaqSi wavida Tavis megobrebTan
gasarTobad. saRamos ki ukan dasabruneblad isev menaves miakiTxa.
menavem ledis orjer meti gasamrjelo mosTxova. ledis ar hqonda
es Tanxa. igi megobrebTan wavida fulis saTxovnelad, megobrebma
uari uTxres `Cven SenTan mxolod verTobodiT, fulis gadaxdas
ki Seni problemebis mosagvareblad ar vapirebT.“ ledi isev menav-
esTan wavida da xvewna dauwyo: `qmari mkacrad damsjis, Tu axlave ar
davbrundebi saxlSi.“ `maSin Sen TviTon gacure. kunZuli axlosaa, ar
gagiWirdeba“, _ upasuxa menavem. ledim icoda, rom wyalSi saSineli
urCxuli cxovrobda, magram sasowarkveTili iyo da wyalSi gadaeSva.
urCxulma male ipova ledi da gadaylapa.
meore etapze wamyvani Camowers dafaze am fantastikuri istoriis
personaJebs: 1. ledi; 2. ledis qmari; 3. menave; 4. megobrebi; 5 urCxuli.
aseve, dawers dafaze kiTxvas _ vin aris damnaSave ledis sikvdilSi?
auditoria iyofa 5 jgufad. yovel jgufs daevaleba, erTobli-
vad SeimuSavon ramdenime argumenti Tavisi personaJis dasacavad.
personaJebi jgufebs kenWisyris principiT Sexvdeba (mosafiqrebeli
dro 5 wuTi).
mesame etapze, 7 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, sityviT gamova im gundis
warmomadgeneli, romelic icavs ledis pozicias. danarCen oTx gun-
ds evaleba, zedmiwevniT Caiweron gamomsvlelis argumentebi. (Canaw-
eris gakeTeba Zalian mniSvnelovania).
meoTxe etapze gundebs, romlebic icaven qmris, menavis, megobre-
bis da urCxulis pozicias, miecemaT mosafiqreblad 3 wuTi, raTa maT
SeZlon ganixilon Canaweris mixedviT ledis argumentebi da sakuTari
poziciis gasamyareblad SimuSavon damatebiTi kontrargumentebi.
mexuTe etapze, ledis mowinaaRmdege gundebidan TiToeuli warmo-
madgeneli 5 wuTiani moxsenebiT waradgens Tavisi poziciis damcvel ram-
denime arguments da gaabaTilebs kontrargumentiT ledis pozicias.
17
meeqvse etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli gaakeTebs mokle komentarebs
TiToeul gamosvlasTan dakavSirebiT da Seajamebs TamaSs. mwvrTne-
li savarjiSos msvlelobis ganmavlobaSi dafaze akeTebs Canawerebs,
romlebsac TvalsaCinod gamoiyenebs komentarebis dros (sqema 1).
am TamaSis msvlelobisas mniSvnelovania ramdenime sakiTxi.
umTavresia, rom monawileebi iyvnen organizebulebi. mwvrTnel-
ma mkacrad unda gaakontrolos mosafiqrebeli drois da sityviT
gamosvlis reglamenti. es aris momavali modebateebisaTvis pirve-
li savarjiSo. am savarjiSos Sesrulebisas gamomuSavebuli stili
safuZvels uyris momdevno mecadineobebis stils. modebateebma unda
gaiTavison, rom gakveTili mkacri gegmiT da drois racionaluri
gamoyenebiT unda mimdinareobdes. ar SeiZleba Temidan gadaxveva, sa-
varjiSos msvlelobaSi sakuTari wesebis SemoReba da a.S.
am pirveli savarjiSos Sesrulebisas, mniSvnelovania im simZaf-
ris SegrZnebis gaCena, romelic Tan sdevs karg debats. mwvrTnelma
sul unda Seaxsenos modebateebs debatebis ZiriTadi principebi _
patiosneba da urTierTpativiscema. savarjiSo dinamikurad da, amave
dros, mkafiod unda Sesruldes. mwvrTnelma ar unda gauSvas mar-
Tvis `sadaveebi“. modebateebma Tavi unda igrZnon Tavisuflad da
emorCilebodnen mwvrTnelis miTiTebebs.
mwvrTnelma am savarjiSos komentarebSi unda aRniSnos, mkafiod
iyo Tu ara gamoyofili argumentebi erTmaneTisagan. sxvadasxva ar-
gumentSi xom ar meordeboda azri. logikurad iyo argumentebi dasa-
buTebuli, pasuxobda Tu ara kontrargumenti arguments, darCaT Tu
ara gaubaTilebeli mowinaaRmdegeebs erTmaneTis argumentebi, Seesa-
bameboda Tu ara moyvanili magaliTebi argumentebs. am sakiTxebis gan-
saxilvelad debatebis mwvrTnels 10 wuTis gamoyofa dasWirdeba.
komentirebisas aucilebelia aRiniSnos moTamaSeebis dadebiTi
mxareebi. mwvrTnelis waxaliseba da Seqeba stimuls miscems modeba-
teebs da momavali Sexvedrebi ufro sasiamovno atmosferiSi Caiv-
lis. debatebis mwvrTneli mudam pozitiur Sefasebaze unda iyos
orientirebuli. Tu axalbeda modebates uWirs azris Camoyalibeba,
brkoldeba sityviT gamosvlis dros, mwvrTnelma unda auxsnas, rom
es aris pirveli nabijebi, ramodenime Sexvedris Semdeg TandaTano-
biT saWiro unarebi aucileblad gamomuSavdeba. swori da Tanmim-
devruli muSaoba gamoiRebs Sedegs da mozardebi gaiwafebian de-
batebis teqnikaSi (debatebis mwvrTnels SeuZlia mouyves mozardebs
ramdenime realuri istoria Tavisi yofili moswavleebis Sesaxeb, Tu
rogor daZlies maT es problemebi da rogor gaxdnen warmatebuli
modebateebi).
18
sqema 1. uarmyofeli pozicia
2. gundi 3. gundi 4. gundi 5. gundi
mtkicebiTi pozicia qmari menave megobrebi urCxuli
ratom ar
ledi Tvlis
ledi Tavs 5 wuTi 5 wuTi 5 wuTi 5 wuTi
damnaSaved
Tavisive
7 wuTi sikvdilSi?
vis da ratom
adanaSaulebs
ledi?
qmari Tavis
ledi 1..argumenti dasacavad
adanaSaulebs waradgens
2.argumenti argumentebs da
qmars
upirispirdeba
3.argumenti ledis
pozicias.
menave Tavis
1.argumenti
dasacavad
ledi waradgens
adanaSaulebs upirispirdeba
menaves ledis
3.argumenti
pozicias.
1.argumenti megobrebi Tavis

dasacavad
ledi waradgenen
2.argumenti argumentebs
adanaSaulebs da
megobrebs upirispirdebian
3.argumenti ledis pozicias.
urCxuli Tavis
1.argumenti
dasacavad
ledi waradgens
adanaSaulebs
urCxuls upirispirdeba
3.argumenti ledis
pozicias.
mocemul sqemaze mkafiod Cans savarjiSos struqtura, gamosv-

lebis Tanmimdevroba da xangrZlivoba. msgavsi sqemebi gvexmareba,
naTlad davinaxoT mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebis Zlieri da susti
mxareebi da gavakeToT TvalsaCino da swori komentari.
19
mesame Sexvedra
xangrZlivoba 90 wuTi
debatebis TamaSis wesebi da struqtura
mesame Sexvedra Zalian mniSvnelovania mTeli momdevno saswav-
lo procesisaTvis. sami Sexvedris ganmavlobaSi ZiriTadad yalib-
deba is samuSao jgufi, romelic stabilurad miiRebs monawileobas
momdevno SexvedrebSi, Tu debatebis swavlebas mozardTa mxridan
nebayoflobiTi xasiaTi aqvs da isini TviTon wyveten, gaxdnen Tu
ara debatebis klubis wevrebi. mesame Sexvedraze detalurad unda
gavacnoT maT `formaluri debatebis“ TamaSis wesebi da struqtura.
TamaSis wesebis aTviseba mozardTa mxridan ufro mZafrsa da sain-
teresos gaxdis maT damokidebulebas debatebis mimarT. isini mka-
fiod SeigrZnoben Sejibris elementebs da TamaSis dinamikas.
debatebis mwvrTnelma winaswar unda moamzados calkeul fur-
clebze TamaSis ganrigi da daurigos jgufis yvela monawiles.
mwvrTneli xatavs ganrigs dafaze. wesebis axsna unda moxdes mok-
led. yvela kiTxvas monawileebis mxridan unda gaeces mkafio pasuxi.
formaluri debatebis TamaSis ganrigi erTnairia, rogorc `Rire-
bulebiTi debatebis“, aseve `politikuri debatebis“ formatisaTvis.
TamaSSi monawileobs ori gundi _ mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli.
mtkicebiTi gundi amtkicebs sakamaTo Temas, uarmyofeli ki up-
irispirdeba mtkicebiTi gundis pozicias, eWvi Seaqvs mis sisworeSi,
abaTilebs argumentebs da mohyavs sakuTari mosazrebebi. TiToeul
gundSi sam-sami monawilea. isini rigrigobiT gamodian moxsenebebiT.
gamosvlebis Tanmimdevroba da drois reglamenti mkacrad aris gan-
sazRvruli. gundebs TamaSis msvlelobisas saSualeba aqvT, dausvan
erTmaneTs kiTxvebi. orive gunds moxsenebebs Soris SeuZlia aiRos
mosafiqrebeli dro. TamaSs gansjis debatebis msaji, romelic mkaf-
iod Camoyalibebuli kriteriumebisa da saerTaSoriso standartebis
Sesabamisi qulobrivi SefasebiT xelmZRvanelobs.
pirveli etapi _ TamaSs iwyebs mtkicebiTi mxare (N1). pirveli
momxsenebeli Tavis wardgenisa da misalmebis Semdeg, auditorias
Seaxsenebs sakamaTo Temas _ rezolucias da waradgens mtkicebiT
pozicias. mas sasaubrod eZleva 6 wuTi. am drois amowurvis Semdeg
iwyeba jvaredini dakiTxva. uarmyofeli gundis mesame moTamaSe kiTx-
vebs usvams mtkicebiTi gundis pirvel momxsenebels. kiTxva-pasuxi-
20
saTvis gamoyofilia 3 wuTi (N2). jvaredini dakiTxvis Semdeg, TamaSSi
Semodis uarmyofeli gundis pirveli momxsenebeli. Tavis 6 wuTian
gamosvlaSi igi upirispirdeba mtkicebiTi gundis pozicias da warad-
gens Tavis pozicias (N3). am gamosvlas kvlav mohyveba jvaredini dak-
iTxva _ mtkicebiTi gundis mesame moTamaSe kiTxvebs usvams pirvel
uarmyofels (N4).
meore etapi _ gamosvlebis meore etaps, iwyebs mtkicebiTi gundis
meore momxsenebeli (N5). 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi igi aRadgens Tavis
pozicias da, amave dros, uaryofs mowinaaRmdegis argumentebs.
amisTvis man unda moiSvelios damamtkicebeli masalebi da statisti-
kuri monacemebi. am gamosvlis Semdeg 3 _ wuTiani jvaredini dakiTx-
vis dros uarmyofeli gundis pirveli moTamaSe meore mtkicebiTs
usvams kiTxvebs (N6). amas mohyveba meore uarmyofeli momxseneblis 5
wuTiani gamosvla (N7). igi kvlav uaryofs mowinaaRmdegis pozicias
da aRadgens Tavisas. misi movaleobaa, ufro zedmiwevniT ganixilos
meore mtkicebiTi momxseneblis gamosvla da konkretulad mis mosaz-
rebebsa da faqtebze aagos Tavisi kontrargumentebi. rasac mohyveba
mtkicebiTi gundis mesame momxseneblis mier dasmuli kiTxvebi(N8).
mesame etapi _ mesame, damamTavrebeli etapi Sedgeba ori gamosv-
lisagan (N9,10). orive gundis mesame momxseneblis movaleobaa 5 wu-
Tiani gamosasvleli sityva miuZRvnas mTeli TamaSis Sejamebas. am
modebateebma unda daanaxon msajs TamaSis msvlelobisas, romel
argumentsa da mosazrebaze gamaxvilda yuradReba, ra azrebi dae-
jaxa erTmaneTs da vis mxares iyo upiratesoba. mesame momxseneble-
bi ganixilaven jvaredin dakiTxvebsa da maT Sedegebs. cxadia, rom
momxseneblebi cdiloben daasabuTon TavianTi gundis gamarjveba.
gadawyvetileba _ msajoba `formalur debatebSi“ sapasuxismge-
bloa. msajma unda SeZlos mTeli TamaSis Canaweris gakeTeba. war-
moudgenelia swori gadawyvetilebis miReba msajebisaTvis sagange-
bod SemuSavebuli Canaweris formis gareSe. erT furcelze unda
Candes mTeli TamaSis struqtura da gamomsvlelTa moxsenebebi erT-
maneTTan mimarTebaSi.
mosafiqrebeli dro msajsac eZleva. 5 _ 10 wuTis Semdeg, msaji
akeTebs komentarebs, ajamebs TamaSs, miuTiTebs Sejaxebis areebs
daSvebul Secdomebs. sabolood msaji acxadebs Tavis gadawyvetile-
bas romelime gundis sasargeblod.
TamaSi zustad erT saaTs grZeldeba. TamaSis msvlelobisas kar-
gia gamoiyos neitraluri pirovneba, romelic daexmareba moTama-
21
Seebsa da msajs, akontrolon dro. Tu aseTi pirovneba ar moiZeb-
na, msaji Tavad daniSnavs dros da amcnobs reglamentis amowurvas
moTamaSeebs. dasaSvebia, rom momxsenebelma azris dasamTavreblad
damatebiT iTxovos 15 wami.
karl poperis saxelobis debatebis TamaSis ganrigi:
N momxsenebeli dro, gamosvlaTa klasificireba

wT
1 1 mtkicebiTi 6 spikeris sityviT gamosvla
2 3 uarmyofeli 1 mtkicebiTi 3 jvaredini dakiTxva
3 1 urmyofeli 6 spikeris sityviT gamosvla
4 3 mtkicebiTi 1 uarmyofeli 3 jvaredini dakiTxva
6 1 uarmyofeli 2 mtkicebiTi 3 jvaredini dakiTxva
7 2 uarmyofeli 5 spikeris sityviT gamosvla
8 1 mtkicebiTi 2 uarmyofeli 3 jvaredini dakiTxva
10 3 uarmyofeli 5 spikeris sityviT gamosvla
gamosvlebs Soris mosafiqrebeli dro _ 8-8 wuTi. debatebis

mwvrTnelma kargad unda auxsnas moswavleebs TiToeuli grafis mniS-
vneloba da TiToeuli gundis wevris movaleoba, rasac formalur
debatebSi spikerTa pasuxismgebloba ewodeba.
imisaTvis, rom modebateebma gadadgan pirveli nabiji wesebis aT-
visebisa da TamaSis ganrigis damaxsovrebis mimarTulebiT, CaatareT
pirveli TamaSi. survilis mixedviT aarCieT eqvsi moTamaSe. samuSao
jgufis danarCen monawileebs miandeT msajoba. CaatareT kenWisyra
da gamoavlineT 3 moTamaSe mtkicebiTi poziciis dasacavad da 3 _
uarmyofeli poziciis.
gamoacxadeT RirebulebiTi debatis martivi Tema _ rezolucia,
romelzec mozardebs ar gauWirdebaT argumentebisa da magaliTeb-
is swrafad mofiqreba da mieciT maT poziciis Camosayalibeblad 10
wuTi.
22
warmogidgenT rezoluciis magaliTs:
saSualo skolebSi formebis tareba gamarTlebulia.
auxseniT axalbeda modebateebs, rom mtkicebiTma mxarem unda
moifiqros 3 an 4 argumenti, romelic upasuxebs kiTxvas: „ratom Sei-
Zleba iyos gamarTlebuli saSualo skolaSi formis tareba“? Semdeg
ki SeZlebisdagvarad moiyvanon Tundac erTi magaliTi TiToeuli
argumentis Sesabamisad.
uarmyofeli gundis moTamaSeebs sxvagvari davaleba eqnebaT. maT
10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda moifiqron rac SeiZleba ufro meti argu-
menti, romelsac savaraudod wamoayenebs mtkicebiTi mxare. auxseniT
maT, rom am gziT uarmyofeli mxare winaswar Wvrets mowinaaRmdegis
pozicias da emzadeba uaryofisaTvis. daavaleT uarmyofel mxares,
SeimuSavos erTi an ori argumenti Tavisi poziciis dasacavad. es
argumenti unda pasuxobdes kiTxvas: „ratom ar aris gamarTlebuli
sajaro skolebSi formebis tareba“?
mosafiqrebeli drois amowurvis Semdeg, saTanadod moawyveT
oTaxi. karl poperis debatebis wesebis mixedviT, modebate gundebi
ise unda ganlagdnen cal-calke magidebTan, rom maTi vizualuri kon-
taqti ara imdenad erTmaneTTan, ramdenadac msajebTan unda moxdes.
warmogidgenT msajebisa da monawile gundebis ganlagebis sqemas
debatebis dros:
3 mtkicebiTi 2 mtkicebiTi 1 mtkicebiTi 1 uarmyofeli 2 uarmyofeli 3 uarmyofeli
msaji drois aRmricxveli
kargia, Tu modebateebi da msajebi magidebTan ganTavsdebian. ase

ufro advilad gaakeTeben Canawerebs. magidebze yoveli monawilis
win dadebuli xeliT nakeTi baraTi moTamaSis dasaxelebiT (1 mtkice-
biT) gaamartivebs TamaSis organizebas.
TamaSis dawyebamde auxseniT modebateebs drois daniSvnis wesebi.
TamaSis ZiriTadi principebi:
• yuradRebiT vusmenT oponentebs;

• yuradRebiT vusmenT Tanagundelebs;
• vakeTebT TamaSis srul Canawers;
• vsaubrobT mxolod maSin, rodesac Cveni gamosvlis droa;
• oponentebs veqceviT pativiscemiT;
• pativiscemiT veqceviT Tanagundelebs da msajebs;
• debatebs warvmarTavT mSvid viTarebaSi;
23
• TamaSi migvyavs bolomde;
• mzad varT, movisminoT msajebisagan kritikuli SeniSvnebi;
• vemorCilebiT drois reglaments.
es miTiTebebi debatebis mwvrTnelma mxolod pozitiuri damok-
idebulebiT unda misces.
dauSvebelia, uTxraT moTamaSeebs:
• ar SeawyvetinoT erTmaneTs sityva;
• ar wamoiyviroT uadgilo adgilas;
• ar gamovxatoT pretenziebi Tanagundelebis mimarT;
• ar gadascdeT dros;
• ar SewyvitoT TamaSi da a.S.
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es aris mozardebisaTvis pirveli TamaSi.
isini Relaven, ar arian darwmunebulebi sakuTar TavSi. zogs am dros
gadametebiT uxaria da ver imorCilebs emociebs. mozardebi pirveli
TamaSisas Zalian mgrZnobiareni arian. mniSvnelovania, rom debatebis
mwvrTnelma maT mxolod pozitiuri damokidebuleba Camouyalibos
da auxsnas, rom am pirveli debatis mizani TamaSis wesebis da struq-
turis kargad gagebaa.
debatebi:
debatis dawyebisTanave, yuradReba miaqcieT mozardebis gamosv-
lebsa da qcevebSi yvela dadebiT da uaryofiT niuanss. daafiqsireT
isini furcelze, raTa Semdgom gaakeToT TamaSis detaluri analizi da
nayofieri rCeva-darigebebi misceT Tqvens moswavleebs. CainiSneT, ram-
denad kargad asruleben modebateebi Tqven mier micemul miTiTebebs.
mwvrTneli TamaSis dasrulebamde ar unda Caerios debatSi. mode-
bateebis mxridan daSvebuli Secdomebi mxolod debatebis dasrulebi-
sas aRniSneT. mwvrTneli akontrolebs, rom sxva msajebi ar Caerion da
ukomentarod datovon modebateTa gamonaTqvamebi da qcevebi.
TamaSis ganxilva:
TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg, aTi-TxuTmeti wuTis ganmavlobaSi
mousmineT yvela moswavle-msajis gadawyvetilebas da maT mosazre-
bas TamaSis Sesaxeb. Semdgom, daaxloebiT xuTi-aTi wuTis ganmavlo-
baSi mwvrTnelma unda gaakeTos TamaSis detaluri analizi, romlis
drosac ganixilavs TiToeuli momxseneblis gamosvlas da miscems maT
rCeva-darigebebs. mwvrTnelis komentaris dros ZiriTadi yuradReba
unda gamaxvildes modebateTa mier daSvebuli Secdomebisa da uzus-
tobebis dafiqsirebaze, Tumca, ar dagvaviwydes, rom yvela komen-
tari pozitiuri ganwyobiT keTdeba.
24
nawili I
karl poperis debatebis ZiriTadi elementebi
rezolucia da definiciebi
nebismieri saxis kamaTisaTvis aucilebelia sakamaTo Temis arse-
boba, raTa Sedges azrTa realuri dapirispireba. aqedan gamomdinare,
karl poperis debatebsac, rogorc kamaTis erT-erT saxes, ra Tqma
unda, aqvs sakamaTo Tema, romelsac debatebSi rezolucia ewodeba.
TamaSi rezoluciis garSemo mimdinareobs. mtkicebiTi gundi icavs da
amtkicebs rezolucias, xolo uarmyofeli gundi upirispirdeba da
uaryofs mas. rezolucia unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg kriteriumebs:
• aqtualuri;
• saintereso;
• problematuri;
• farTo Sinaarsis;
• mis Sesaxeb SesaZlebeli unda iyos informaciis moZieba;
• mtkicebiTi Sinaarsis matarebeli winadadeba;
• binaluri/ormxrivi (rezoluciis imave warmatebiT damtkice-
ba unda SeiZlebodes, ra warmatebiTac uaryofa; anu igi unda
iZleodes orive mxarisaTvis Tanabari raodenobis argumenteb-
is Seqmnis saSualebas).
debatebis mTavari principi isaa, rom moxdes oponentTa mosazre-
bebis realuri dapirispireba. aqedan gamomdinare, modebate gundebs
TamaSis dros moeTxovebaT rezoluciis ZiriTadi terminebisa da
gaugebari terminebis srulfasovani da leqsikoniseuli ganmarteba,
raTa dapirispirebuli mxareebi erTi da imave sityvas sxvadasxvana-
irad ar igebdnen, rac gamoiwvevs debatebis zemoT aRniSnuli princ-
ipebis darRvevas.
mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli qeisi

mosazrebis gasamyareblad mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli gundeb-
is pirveli spikerebi gamosvlebis dros axdenen poziciis/qeiseb-
is Camoyalibebas, rac warmoadgens ama Tu im gundis mxardamWeri
definiciebis, kriteriumis, argumentebisa da damamtkicebeli masa-
lis erTobliobas. qeisi TamaSis is nawilia, romelsac modebateebi
TamaSamde amzadeben rezoluciis gamocxadebidan turniris an konk-
retuli TamaSis Catarebamde.
argumenti, rogorc qeisis ZiriTadi nawili, warmoadgens zogadi
25
Sinaarsisa da garkveuli mtkicebis matarebel winadadebas, romelic
pasuxobs kiTxvas `ratom~, romelic daesmis rezolucias. magaliTad,
ratom aris gamarTlebuli sikvdiliT dasja an, piriqiT, gaumarTle-
beli. amasTan erTad, argumentSi garkveuli mosazreba iseTi formiT
unda iyos Cadebuli, rom Tavis TavSi moicavdes mis garSemo mosazre-
bebis gavrcobis SesaZleblobas. anu argumenti iseTi saxis winadade-
baa, romelic SeiZleba garkveuli Tezisebis erTobliobis saerTo
saTaurad CaiTvalos. karl poperis debatebis formatidan gamomdin-
are, mizanSewonilia, mtkicebiT gunds hqondes ori-oTxi argumenti,
xolo uarmyofels _ erTi-ori. Tumca, es wesi ar aris da nebismier
gunds nebismieri raodenobis argumentis gamoyeneba SeuZlia.
argumenti damamtkicebel masalebsa da dasabuTebebze agebuli
daskvnaa. aqedan gamomdinare, faqtebiT mis gamyarebas TamaSis dros
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. karl poperis debatebSi damamt-
kicebeli masala ewodeba faqtebs, statistikur monacemebs, ci-
tatebs, cnobil adamianTa gamonaTqvamebs, magaliTebs da sxva saxis
damasabuTebel informacias, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba sakuTar
argumentebSi Camoyalibebuli logikuri msjelobis gamyareba da
oponentTa mosazrebebis gabaTileba.
qeisis formirebisa da misi simtkicisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
kriteriumis arsebobas. kriteriumi gaxlavT ori-sami sityvisagan
Semdgari sayovelTaod aRiarebuli dadebiTi Rirebuleba (sazoga-
doebis keTildReoba, adamianis uflebaTa dacva, jansaRi momavali
Taoba da sxv.), romelic warmoadgens rezoluciis mtkicebis an uary-
ofis Sedegad miRweul mizans da, amave dros, argumentebis erTg-
var gamaerTianebel debulebasac. anu, Cveni argumentebis meSveobiT,
nebismieri sakiTxis mxardaWeriT an misi gabaTilebiT, ra mizans mi-
vaRwevT, ra saxis sikeTes SeviZenT Cven? swored am kiTxvebze pasuxia
kriteriumi debatebSi.
uaryofa da aRdgena
uaryofa da aRdgena aris is ZiriTadi qvakuTxedi, rasac eyrd-
noba debatebis mTeli procesi. aqedan gamomdinare, is ZiriTadi da
pirveladi funqcia da movaleoba, rac modebate gundebs gaaCniaT,
SeiZleba ori sityviT gamoixatos: uaryofa da aRdgena, ris warmate-
bulad Sesrulebasac msajebi umTavres yuradRebas aqceven.
uaryofa, anu oponentis mosazrebebTan dapirispireba, debatebis
dros SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad moxdes _ pirdapiri uaryofis (ar-
gumentis samarTlebrivi, moraluri da istoriuli TvalsazrisiT
gabaTileba da misi gaumarTleblobis damtkiceba), oponentis qeisis
26
komponentebs Soris arsebuli Seusabamobebis, faqtebisa da damamt-
kicebeli masalebis gamoyenebis, mowinaaRmdegis mosazrebebis da
jvaredini dakiTxvis Sedegebis gamoyenebis gziT.
uaryofis samiznes, anu imas, rasac unda daupirispirde, oponent-
Ta mTeli qeisi warmoadgens. mowinaaRdegis poziciis Semadgeneli
nawilebis mimarT dapirispirebaSi gansxvaveba mxolod uaryofis me-
TodebSi mdgomareobs. definicias vupirispirdebiT im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu Semotanili ganmarteba sicruea da ar Seesabameba simarTles; an
vaxdenT maT Sevsebas Cveneuli definiciebiT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.
kriteriums uarvyofT maSin, Tu igi ar warmoadgens dadebiT Ri-
rebulebas da ar gamomdinareobs rezoluciidan; an vupirispirebT
sakuTar kriteriums da vamtkicebT, rom igi ufro mniSvnelovani
Rirebulebaa; anda veTanxmebiT mas da Cvens argumentebsac oponen-
tis kriteriums vukavSirebT. rac Seexeba mowinaaRmdege gundis ar-
gumentebsa da damamtkicebel masalas, maT gabaTilebas yvela zemoT
aRniSnuli meTodiT vcdilobT.
iqidan gamomdinare, rom aRdgena oponentis mier Cveni moasazre-
bebis gabaTilebaze reagirebaa da dapirispirebas (uaryofis uaryofa)
warmoadgens, masac uaryofis msgavsi samizneebi da meTodebi aqvs.
uaryofisa da aRdgenis dros, aucilebelia uTxraT msajs da naT-
lad daafiqsiroT, rom Tqven axla utevT oponentis ama Tu im argu-
ments an maT mier moxdenil gabaTilebas. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom
uaryofa ar warmoadgens mxolod uarmyofeli gundis movaleobas da
aRdgena _ mxolod mtkicebiTis.
termini, romelic xSirad gvxvdeba debatebSi uaryofasa da aR-
dgenasTan mimarTebaSi, aris Sejaxeba. igi aRniSnavs pirdapir da-
pirispirebas da warmoadgens debatebis ZiriTad aspeqts. arsebobs
iseTi terminic, rogoricaa Sejaxebis ZiriTadi areebi, rac aRniS-
navs TamaSis dros warmoTqmul argumentebs, damamtkicebel masala-
sa Tu mosazrebebs, romelTa garSemoc uaryofa da aRdgena mTeli
debatebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda da risi analizic, sakuTari
gundis mier mopovebuli upiratesobebis warmosaCenad, mesame spik-
erebis ZiriTad movaleobas Seadgens.
jvaredini dakiTxva
jvaredini dakiTxva grZeldeba sami wuTis manZilze da imarTeba
yoveli gamosvlis Semdeg, garda mesame momxsenebelTa sityvisa. aR-
saniSnavia, rom misi forma mxolod kiTxva-pasuxisagan Sedgeba. garda
amisa, TamaSis ganrigis mixedviT, winaswar arian gansazRvrulni is
modebateebi, romlebic monawileoben TiToeul jvaredin dakiTx-
27
vaSi, rogorc kiTxvebis damsmelni, aseve mopasuxeni. jvaredini dak-
iTxvis Sedegad miRebul sasurvel pasuxs aucileblad iyenebs Sem-
degive gamosvleli.
jvaredini dakiTxvis ZiriTadi principebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
Tavidan aviciloT SekamaTeba, nu gavakeTebT daskvnebs, nu viCxubebT
da SevinarCunoT simSvide. misi Catarebis ZiriTad mizans oponen-
tebis mier dasmuli sakiTxebis garkveva da maTi saboloo dadgena,
agreTve, jvaredini dakiTxvis dros miRebuli sasurveli pasuxebis
uaryofaSi, aRdgenasa da analizSi gamoyeneba warmoadgens. dasmuli
SekiTxvebis formis mixedviT jvaredini dakiTxvis kiTxvebi iyofa
daxurul (mxolod konkretuli pasuxis mqone) da Ria kiTxvebad;
xolo momzadebis mxriv _ winaswar momzadebul da spontanurad war-
moqmnil kiTxvebad. debatebis dros, xSirad gamoiyeneba e.w. SekiTx-
vebis seria, rodesac nabij-nabij, ramdenime Sinaarsobrivad gadab-
muli SekiTvis dasmis Sedegad viRebT CvenTvis sasurvel pasuxs.
spikerTa pasuxismgeblobani
debatebSi gamarjvebisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs aramarto
imas, Tu ramdenad kargi qeisi aqvs momzadebuli gunds, aramed im-
asac, Tu rogor SeZlo man am poziciis Camoyalibeba da dacva. ar
unda dagvaviwydes, rom debatebi gunduri TamaSia. amitom gundis
TiToeul wevrs garkveuli pasuxismgebloba akisria, rac gamoixateba
imaSi, rom igi mkacrad gansazRvrul funqcias asrulebs. funqciebis
Seusruleblobas an arevas ki, rogorc wesi, gundi damarcxebamde
mihyavs. aqve SemogTavazebT TiToeuli spikeris movaleobis mokle
aRweras.
warmogidgenT momxsenebelTa gamosvlebis Tanmimdevrobisa da
maTi pasuxismgeblobebis sqemas:
sqema: 2
1mtkicebiTi 1uarmyofeli 2mtkicebiTi 2uarmyofeli 3mtkicebiTi 3uarmyofeli

1. misalmeba 1.misalmeba 1.misalmeba 1.misalmeba 1.misalmeba 1.misalmeba
2. qeisis 2.mtkicebi- 2.sakuTari 2.aRdge- 2.Sejaxebebis 2.mtkicebi-
Camoyalibeba Tis qeisze qeisis aRdgena nili qeisis analizi Tis analizze
3. daskvna reagireba da da gavrcoba uaryofa 3.oponentTa reagireba
uaryofa 3.oponen- 3.gabaTile- Secdomebis 3.Sejaxebebis
3.sakuTari tis qeisis buli qeisis dafiqsireba analizi
qeisis Camoya- uaryofa aRdgena 4.daskvna 4.oponentTa
libeba 4.daskvna 4.daskvna Secdomebis
4.daskvna dafiqsireba
5.daskvna
28
mtkicebiTi poziciis formireba
I gakveTili
rezolucia _ kamaTi Rirebulebebze
• debatebis sakamaTo Tema _ rezolucia _ 25 wT.
• savarjiSo `rezoluciebis mogoneba~ _ 35 wT.

rezolucia
imisaTvis, rom ikamaTo, unda arsebobdes kamaTis sagani da obieq-
ti. karl poperis debatebSi mokamaTe gundebis dapirispirebis Ziri-
Tad sagans, anu sakamaTo Temas, rezolucia warmoadgens. nebismieri
saxis formaluri debatebis da, maT Soris, poperis debatebis srul-
fasovnad warmarTvisaTvis rezoluciis formasa da Sinaarss gadam-
wyveti mniSvneloba aqvs, rasac Cvenc saTanado yuradReba unda da-
vuTmoT, radgan rezolucias gansazRvruli maxasiaTeblebi gaaCnia.
rezoluciis ZiriTadi parametrebis codna mniSvnelovania, ro-
gorc modebateebis, aseve debatebis mwvrTnelTaTvisac, radgan ar-
asworad formulirebuli sakamaTo debuleba, debatebis mTeli pro-
cesis safuZvlad mogvevlineba.
imisaTvis, rom modebateebma kargad gaigon rezolucia, mwvrT-
nels SeuZlia, Caataros savarjiSo, romlis msvlelobisas modeba-
teebi TviTon Seqmnian rezolucias da swori formulirebiT Camo-
ayalibeben mas.
savarjiSo #1 `rezoluciebis mogoneba~

savarjiSos msvleloba:
1. etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze mwvrTneli Caatarebs `gonebriv ier-
iSs“.
mwvrTneli auditorias gaacnobs gonebrivi ieriSis princi-
pebs. esaubreba imaze, rom samuSao jgufis wevrebma Tavisuflad
gamoTqvan nebismieri azri, romelic ki mouvaT TavSi, ar gaakritikon
erTmaneTi. gonebrivi ieriSis dros nebismieri, Tundac, susti idea
misaRebia. TviTkritikis gamo ar unda davuSvaT rame, Tundac, umniS-
vnelo azris dakargva. gonebrivi ieriSis Semdgom ki moxdeba azrebis
dalageba da gadajgufeba.
dafaze daiwereba kiTxva _ raze SeiZleba vikamaToT?
29
jgufis wevrebi TiTo sityviT warmoTqvamen im zogad Temebs, rac
maTi azriT SeiZleba iyos sakamaTo, saintereso, aqtualuri, gamokv-
levadi, sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovani, problemuri da exebodes
adamianTa did raodenobas. dafaze gaCndeba daaxloebiT aseTi Ca-
monTvali:
• ekologia;
• ganTleba;
• masmedia;
• janmrTeloba;
• adamianTa uflebebi;
• dasaqmeba;
• ekonomika;
• politika.
2. etapi _ 5 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze mwvrTneli auxsnis auditorias, Tu ra
formiT unda Camoyalibdes sadebato rezolucia.
mwvrTneli Camowers dafaze rezoluciis formisa da Sinaarsis
Semdeg ZiriTad Tvisebebs:
• martivi, TxrobiTi winadadebis formis;
• binaruli anu ormxrivi, rodesac rogorc mtkicebiT, aseve
uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia Tanabari raodenobis argumentebis
SemuSaveba;
• aqtualuri;
• exeba mniSvnelovani moculobis problemas;
• aRvivebs interess sadebato Temis mimarT;
• mkafiod da naTlad aris Camoyalibebuli;
• gamokvlevadia, anu masze unda moipovebodes sakmarisi faqto-
brivi masala.
3. etapi _ 5 mwvrTneli
savarjiSos mesame etapze mwvrTneli dayofs auditorias mcire
jgufebad da daavalebs, 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi breinStormingis
dros maT mier mofiqrebuli zogadi Temebidan amoirCion erTi da
Camoayalibon rezolucia. Camoyalibebul rezolucias rigrigobiT
yvela jgufi dawers dafaze.
4. etapi _ 10 etapi
meoTxe etapze mwvrTnelma detalurad unda auxsnas moswavleebs,
Tu ratom aris maT mier mofiqrebuli rezoluciebi kargad an aras-
30
worad formulirebuli. mwvrTneli auditoriis maqsimaluri CarTu-
lobiT Seasworebs rezoluciebis formulirebas da miscems maT sab-
oloo saxes. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom momavalSi debatebis Catareba
moswavleTa mier mofiqrebul rezoluciebze efeqturi iqneba. amave
dros, mwvrTnels SeuZlia daurigos modebateebs im rezoluciebis
CamonaTvali, romlebzec debatobdnen saqarTvelosa da sxva qveyneb-
Si maTi Tanatolebi:
• televizia mavnebelia;
• samoqalaqo damorCilebloba gamarTlebulia demokratiul sa-
zogadoebaSi;
• saerTaSoriso terorizmi gaumarTlebelia;
• 14 wlamde asakis bavSvebi ar unda agebdnen pasuxs aranairi da-
naSaulisaTvis;
• samxedro Zalis gamoyeneba sakuTari mosaxleobis winaaRmdeg
dauSvebelia;
• sikvdiliT dasja unda aikrZalos;
• masmediis cenzura gaumarTlebelia;
• did qalaqSi cxovreba ukeTesia, vidre patara sofelSi;
• genetikuri klonireba unda aikrZalos;
• inglisuri yvelaze mniSvnelovani enaa msoflioSi;
• feminizmi mavne ideologiaa;
• evTanazia unda aikrZalos;
• WeSmaritia, rom reklama produqciis gayidvas zrdis;
• msubuqi narkotikebis legalizacia dauSvebelia.
II gakveTili
definiciebi, argumentebi da kriteriumi
• ra aris definiciebi da ras sWirdeba ganmartebebi? _ 15wT.
• argumentebi da maTi mniSvneloba _ 15wT.
• savarjiSo _ àrgumentis SemuSaveba~ _ 25wT.
ra aris definiciebi da ras sWirdeba ganmartebebi?

debatebis mTavari principi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom moxdes opo-
nentTa mosazrebebis realuri dapirispireba. aqedan gamomdinare,
modebate gundebs TamaSis dros moeTxovebaT rezoluciis ZiriTadi
terminebisa da gaugebari terminebis srulfasovani da leqsikoni-
seuli ganmarteba, raTa dapirispirebuli mxareebi erTsa da imave
sityvas sxvadasxvanairad ar igebdnen, rac gamoiwvevs debatebis ze-
31
moT aRniSnuli principebis darRvevas.
karl poperis debatebSi definiciebi TamaSisaTvis mniSvnelovan
da sakvanZo terminologiis swor, leqsikoniseul ganmartebas niS-
navs. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom romelime sityvis ganmarteba,
romelsac esa Tu is gundi warmoadgens definiciebis warmoCenis
dros, calsaxad ar unda emxrobodes romelime gundis pozicias da
unda warmoadgendes zogad gansazRvrebebs, romelTa funqcia Ta-
maSSi sicxadis Setanaa.
debatebSi aucilebel ganmartebas rezoluciis Semadgeneli ter-
minebi moiTxovs, radgan maTzea damokidebuli mTeli TamaSis da, iS-
viaT SemTxvevaSi, romelime mxaris mier naxsenebi ucnobi termini.
definiciebis Semotana xdeba pirveli spikerebis mier maTi gamosvlebis
dasawyisSi, rac gamxsneli gamosvlebis garkveul debiuts warmoadgens.
definicia unda iyos:

• naTeli (yvelasaTvis gasagebi, erTi problemuri termini ar
unda iyos meoriT Secvlili);
• amomwuravi (aRar unda badebdes Semdeg kiTxvebs);
• samarTliani (unda iyos ganmarteba, romelic arc erTi gundis
pozicias ar emxroba).
argumentebi da maTi mniSvneloba

argumenti, rogorc qeisis ZiriTadi nawili, warmoadgens zoga-
di Sinaarsisa da garkveuli mtkicebis matarebel TxrobiT, martiv
winadadebas. argumenti pasuxobs kiTxvas `ratom~, romelic daesmis
rezolucias. magaliTad: „ratom aris gamarTlebuli Tormetwliani
swavleba saqarTveloSi?“ an piriqiT _ „ratom aris gaumarTlebeli?“
amasTan erTad, arguments unda gaaCndes garkveuli saerTo ga-
nacxadis, garkveuli saTauris formac, anu masSi raime idea iseTi
formiT unda iyos Cadebuli, rom Tavis TavSi moicavdes mis garSemo
mosazrebebis gavrcobis SesaZleblobas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, argu-
menti iseTi saxis winadadebaa, romelic SeiZleba garkveuli Teziseb-
is erTobliobis saerTo saTaurad CaiTvalos. magaliTad, masmediis
cenzuris gamamarTlebeli argumenti: „masmediis kanoniT daSvebuli
cenzura xels uSlis mediis saSualebebis mier sazogadoebaze mavne
zegavlenis moxdenas“, Semdegi logikuri azrebis gamaerTianebel ide-
as warmoadgens:
- cenzura krZalavs pornografiul filmebsa da Jurnalebs;
- cenzura ebrZvis masmediis saSualebiT gavrcelebul Zalado-
bas;
32
- cenzura xels uSlis mediis mier mosaxleobisaTvis sakuTari
azris Tavis moxvevas.
am mosazrebebis Taobaze ki sakmaod vrceli gavrcobis warmod-
genaa SesaZlebeli.
srulfasovani argumentis gavrcobis Camoyalibebisas unda ga-
viTvaliswinoT misi sami ZiriTadi komponenti, romelTa arseboba
mniSvnelovania:
- ganacxadis axsna, dakonkreteba;
- ganacxadis mxardaWera damamtkicebeli masaliT;
- ganacxadze damyarebuli daskvna.
modiT, aRniSnuli konstruqcia erT-erTi rezoluciis argumen-
tis magaliTze ganvixiloT. rezolucia Semdegia: `sikvdiliT dasja
gamarTlebulia~
argumenti: „sikvdiliT dasja xels uwyobs danaSaulis Semcirebas“.
axsna: damnaSaveebs SeeSindebaT, rom daWeris SemTxvevaSi maT
sikvdiliT dasjian.
mxardaWera: gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom im qveynebSi, sadac
sikvdiliT dasja arsebobs, damnaSaveoba Semcirda.
daskvna: unda davakanonoT danaSaulis Semcireba, anu sikvdiliT dasja.
karl poperis debatebis formatidan gamomdinare, mizanSewoni-
lia, mtkicebiT gunds hqondes ori-oTxi argumenti, xolo uarmyo-
fels _ erTi-ori. Tumca, es wesi ar aris da nebismier gunds nebi-
smieri raodenobis argumentis gamoyeneba SeuZlia.
savarjiSo #2 _ àrgumentis SemuSaveba~

savarjiSos msvleloba:
1 etapi _ 5 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli dayofs audi-
torias 6 jgufad. TiToeul jgufs miscems winaswar momzadebul
baraTs, sadac weria `Tezisi“, erTi winadadebis saxiT. (or jgufs
eqneba erTi da imave Sinaarsis baraTi).
warmogidgenT Tezisis ramdenime magaliTs:
• kviras aucileblad unda wavide Cems megobarTan (Svili usabu-
Tebs mSoblebs);
• xuTSabaTs giorgi ver mova skolaSi (mSobeli usabuTebs klasis
damrigebels);
• eqskursia qalaqgareT unda gadavdoT erTi kviriT (klasis dam-
rigebeli usabuTebs bavSvebs).
baraTis darigebis Semdeg 1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gundebi gaecno-
bian Teziss.
33
2. etapi _ 10 wuTi
meore etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli auxsnis auditorias, rogor
unda daasabuTon mocemuli Tezisebi. warmogidgenT magaliTs:
Tezisi _ `dRes saRamos me unda wavide biblioTekaSi~ (Svili us-
abuTebs mSobels)
1. `Cven viwyebT axali Temis Seswavlas fizikaSi da me unda movemza-
do daskvniTi prezentaciisaTvis“;
2. àxla Cven vswavlobT Zalian mniSvnelovan Tavs fizikaSi, maRa-
li niSani am prezentaciaSi semestris bolosaTvis Zalian mniS-
vnelovania“;
3. ài, ratom aris Cemi wasvla biblioTekaSi aucilebeli dRes
saRamos~.
3. etapi _ 10 wuTi
mesame etapze, 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi TiToeuli gundi moifiqrebs
3 winadadebas, romliTac daasabuTebs baraTze daweril Tezisebs.
amis Semdeg, TiToeuli gundi 1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi waradgens das-
abuTebas. mwvrTneli TiToeuli gundis gamosvlis Semdeg akeTebs
mokle komentars.
am savarjiSos mizania avxsnaT, rom argumenti aris safuZveli,
baza, romelzec Sendeba Tezisis dasabuTeba. argumenti pasuxobs
kiTxvaze _ riT mtkicdeba Tezisi? argumentis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa
sami etapi: Tezisis wardgena, axsna-damtkiceba da daskvnis gakeTeba.
es logikuri jaWvi SeiZleba warmovidginoT Semdegi saxiT _ Ziri-
Tadi idea (Tezisi, am ideis gaSla _ axsna da ideis damtkiceba _
dasabuTeba, mtkicebulebebi, logikuri msjeloba.
ZiriTadi idea
ideis axsna
dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT
dasabuTeba faqtebiT
argumentis daskvna
34
III gakveTili
debati or mxareze
• ras niSnavs debati or mxareze? _ 10 wT.
• savarjiSo _ àrgumentebi or mxareze~ _ 70 wT.
ras niSnavs, rodesac gundebi or mxareze debatoben?

debatebis programis saganmanaTleblo mniSvneloba gansakuTre-
biT izrdeba debatebis Sejibris pirobebSi. debatebis turnirebSi
monawileobis miReba kluburi muSaobis mizanicaa da SesaniSnavi saSu-
aleba mozardebisaTvis, aimaRlon debatebis teqnika, SeiZinon axali
gamocdileba, eqstremalur pirobebSi iswavlon swrafad azrovneba
da gadawyvetilebis miReba. debatebis turnirze gundebs erTi dRis
ganmavlobaSi erTsa da imave sakamaTo Temaze oTxjer uwevT deba-
ti. orjer gundebi icaven sakamaTo rezolucias _ orjer ki uar-
yofen mas. es sistema upirveles yovlisa Seqmnilia debatebis, ro-
gorc saganmanaTleblo instrumentis mxardasaWerad. iseve, rogorc
monetas aqvs ori mxare, karl poperis saxelobis debatebSi sakamaTo
rezolucia SemuSavdeba ori mxaris principiT. mtkicebiT da uarmy-
ofel poziciebs Tanabari raodenobis da siZlieris argumentebis Se-
muSavebis saSualeba eZlevaT. sakamaTo Temis siRrmiseuli Seswavlac
swored or mxareze debatis saSualebiT xdeba. debati or mxareze
aiZulebs mozardebs, sadebato sakiTxi jer erTi mxridan Seiswavlon,
Semdgom ki Tavisive pozicia kritikulad ganixilon, mouZebnon mas
kontrargumentebi da Semdgom sapirispiro poziciis argumentebze im-
uSaon. debatis monawileebi TandaTanobiT swavloben sakamaTo Temis
mTlianobaSi ganxilvas, mTeli Tavisi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxaree-
biT. gamocdilma modebatem icis, rom uryevi pozicia ar arsebobs.
nebismier arguments aucileblad moeZebneba kontrargumenti, nebismi-
er faqts _ kontrfaqti, logikuri msjelobis sapirispirod arsebobs
gansxvavebuli logikuri jaWvi. aseTi midgoma exmareba modebates,
winaswar ganWvritos mowinaaRmdegis pozicia, winaswar gaTvalos misi
savaraudo argumentebi da ukeT moemzados `SerkinebisaTvis~. karl
poperis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: `Cven unda vecadoT, davafasoT opo-
nentis Zliereba, Tu masTan warmatebiT dapirispireba gvsurs~.
SemogTavazebT savarjiSos, romlis mizania davexmaroT mod-
ebateebs, saswavlo kursis dasawyisSive gaiazron sadebato Temis
damuSavebis procesSi mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli poziciebis erT-
35
droulad SemuSavebis aucilebloba. savarjiSos dasrulebisas mod-
ebateebi mixvdebian, rom yoveli sakiTxi yvela SesaZlo mxridan unda
ganixilon da mxolod amis Semdeg eqnebaT ufro sruli warmodgena
sakamaTo Temaze.
savarjiSo #3 _ àrgumentebi or mxareze~

am savarjiSos Sesrulebisas mniSvnelovania, rom sadebato Tema
iyos Zalian martivi da yvela monawilisaTvis gasagebi. mTavaria
SevqmnaT iseTi samuSao pirobebi, sadac sadebato rezolucias eqneba
samarTliani formulireba, rogorc mtkicebiTi, aseve uarmyofeli
mxarisaTvis. rezolucia unda iZleodes saSualebas, rom modeba-
teebma Seqmnan Tanabari raodenobis da siZlieris argumentebi, ro-
gorc mis dasacavad, aseve mis uarsayofad.
warmogidgenT am savarjiSosaTvis mosargeb ramdenime sakamaTo
rezolucias:
• matarebliT mgzavrobas TviTmfrinaviT mgzavroba sjobs;
• vaSli sjobs banans;
• rolikebi velosipeds sjobs.
1. etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli wers dafaze
sadebato rezolucias, auditorias yofs 5 jgufad da avalebs Ti-
Toeul jgufs, moifiqros 5 argumenti mtkicebiTi poziciisaTvis 5
wuTis ganmavlobaSi. mosafiqrebeli drois amowurvis Semdeg, mwvrT-
neli kvlav avalebs gundebs, moifiqron imave rezoluciisaTvis 5
uarmyofeli argumenti.
2. etapi _ 15 wuTi
meore etapze, mwvrTneli gundebs mianiWebs nomers, #1; #2; #3;
#4; #5 _ gundebi rig rigobiT waradgenen rezoluciis damamtkice-
bel argumentebs 2-2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.
savarjiSos msvlelobisas mwvrTneli gaakontrolebs, rom gun-
debma yuradRebiT mousminon erTmaneTs da gaakeTon oponenti gun-
debis mier wardgenili argumentebis Canawerebi. monawileebs kvlav
eZlevaT mosafiqrebeli dro _ 5 wuTi, raTa SeimuSavon kontrargu-
mentebi.
3. etapi _ 10 wuTi
mesame etapze ganisazRvreba, savarjiSos msvlelobaSi romeli
gundebi gauweven erTmaneTs oponirebas. mwvrTneli kargad auxsnis
36
monawileebs TamaSis sqemas. daxazavs am sqemas dafaze. samuSao oTax-
Si gundebi unda ganlagdnen imave TanmimdevrobiT, ra Tanmimdevro-
biTac mouwevT maT gamosvla. sakuTari argumentebis warsadgenad
gundebs eZlevaT 2-2 wuTi, xolo dapirispirebisaTvis 3-3 wuTi. am
savarjiSos msvlelobaSi dasaSvebia, rom argumentebi gundis erTma
wevrma waradginos, dapirispireba ki _ meorem.
4. etapi _ 25 wuTi
savarjiSos meoTxe etapi aris uSualod TamaSis msvleloba. Ta-
maSis mimdinareobisas mniSvnelovania drois mkacrad aRricxva da
reglamentis dacva. mwvrTnelma unda Seqmnas pozitiuri garemo da
uzrunvelyos debatebis ZiriTadi principebis dacva. oponentebi
erTmaneTs pativiscemiT da samarTlianad unda eqceodnen. savar-
jiSos msvlelobaSi mwvrTneli ar ereva, ar akeTebs komentarebs. is
mxolod wesrigs icavs da momxseneblebs exmareba, daicvan gamosv-
lebis Tanmimdevroba.
5. etapi _ 10 wuTi
TamaSis ganxilva aris savarjiSos damasrulebeli mexuTe etapi.
TamaSis msvlelobisas mwvrTneli dafaze winaswar daxazul sqemaSi
TvalsaCinod akeTebs mTeli TamaSis Canawers. es meTodi exmareba
TamaSis monawileebs, ufro kargad gaigon mwvrTnelis komentarebi.
sqema: 3
#1 gundi #2 gundi #3 gundi #4 gundi #5 gundi #1 gundi
argumenti kontrargumenti
37
IV gakveTili
kriteriumi _ mtkicebis mizani
• ra aris kriteriumi? _ 20 wT.
• savarjiSo _ `SevimuSaoT kriteriumi~ _ 60 wT.
ra aris kriteriumi?
mtkicebiTi poziciis formirebis dros didi mniSvneloba aqvs
damamtkicebeli argumentebis erT, zogad dadebiT RirebulebaSi
gaerTianebas. formalur debatebSi aseT Rirebulebas kriteriums
vuwodebT. ori-sami sityvisagan Semdgari sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
dadebiTi Rirebuleba, magaliTad: sazogadoebis keTildReoba, ada-
mainis uflebaTa dacva, jansaRi momavali Taoba da sxv. warmoad-
gens rezoluciis mtkicebis an uaryofis Sedegad miRweul mizans
da argumentebis erTgvar gamaerTianebel debulebasac. kriteriumis
saSualebiT modebateebi naTlad aCveneben oponentebs, msajebsa da
damswre sazogadoebas, ra mizans mivaRwevT, ra saxis sikeTes Sevi-
ZenT, rodesac davicavT an uarvyofT sakamaTo rezolucias.
debatebis mwvrTnelma kargad unda auxsnas axalbeda modeba-
teebs, rom kriteriumi, erTi mxriv, mxolod dadebiTi Rirebulebis
matarebeli unda iyos da, amave dros, misi miRweva ar unda iqces
auxdenel an ganuxorcielebel ocnebad. kriteriumi unda iyos mka-
fiod gamoxatuli da miRwevadi.
kriteriumis SemuSaveba mxolod argumentebis SemuSavebis Semdeg
aris SesaZlebeli. debatebis mwvrTneli ukeT auxsnis modebateebs
kriteriumis SemuSavebis teqnikas, Tu TvalsaCinod, erTi rezolu-
ciis magaliTze moswavleebTan erTad SeimuSavebs kriteriums.
savarjiSo # 4 `SevimuSaoT kriteriumi~

1. etapi _ gonebrivi ieriSi 15 wT
savarjiSos pirvel etapze, mwvrTneli dafaze wers sadebato re-
zolucias, mag: sikvdiliT dasja unda aikrZalos, da atarebs gonebriv
ieriSs 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Temaze: „ratom unda aikrZalos sikvdi-
liT dasja?“ mwvrTneli yvela pasuxs wers dafaze. drois amowurvis
Semdeg, is sTxovs auditorias, gaaerTianos yvela mofiqrebuli ar-
gumenti sam argumentSi.
38
Cven miviRebT daaxloebiT aseT argumentebs:
1. skvdiliT dasja arRvevs sicocxlis uflebas;
2. sikvdiliT dasja SeiZleba iyos araswori sasamarTlo gadawyve-
tilebis Sedegi;
3. sikvdiliT dasja ar amcirebs danaSauls.
2 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze, auditoria unda davyoT jgufebad da
davavaloT, rom gonebrivi ieriSis dros SemuSavebuli argumente-
bis safuZvelze TiToeulma jgufma 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi SeimuSaos
erTi winadadeba, romelic logikurad iqneba dakavSirebuli samive
argumentis arsTan da, amave dros, iqneba dadebiTi Rirebulebis ma-
tarebeli zogadi debuleba.
3 etapi _ 15 wuTi.
savarjiSos mesame etapze, TiToeuli jgufi waradgens Tavis Se-
muSavebul kriteriums, rogorc poziciis mizans da argumentebiT
daasabuTebs mis dadebiT Rirebulebas.
4 etapi _ 15 wuTi
yvela gundis kriteriumebs mwvrTneli TvalsaCinod wers dafaze
da gamosvlebis Semdeg ganixilavs, ramdenad arsebobda logikuri
kavSiri jgufebis mier SemoTavazebul argumentebsa da kriteriums
Soris.
davuSvaT, romelime gundis kriteriumi iyo _ saxelmwifom unda
uzrunvelyos moqalaqeTa usafrTxoeba. aseTi kriteriumi namdvilad
dadebiTi Rirebulebis matarebelia, magram is saerTod ar aris
logikur kavSirSi mocemul argumentebTan. mwvrTnelma unda auxsnas
modebateebs, rom maT mier savarjiSos dasawyisSi SemuSavebuli argu-
mentebi adamianTa ZiriTad Tavisuflebebs ufro ukavSirdeba, vidre
usafrTxoebas. magaliTisaTvis, mwvrTnels SeuZlia SesTavazos, rom
kriteriumi _ samarTliani sazogadoebis Camoyalibeba, ufro Seefer-
eba mocemul argumentebs.
39
V gakveTili
damamtkicebeli masalebi formalur debatebSi
• rogor moviZioT damamtkicebeli masalebi _ 10 wT.
• rogor gamoviyenoT damamtkicebeli masalebi _ 10 wT.
• savarjiSo `mrgvali magida“ _ 25 wT
• savarjiSo `gavixsenoT faqtebi“ _ 30 wT.
rogor moviZioT damamtkicebeli masalebi

formalur debatebSi damamtkicebeli masalis arsebobasa da
gamoyenebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. nebismieri saxis mtkice-
bisa da dapirispirebis safuZveli swored faqtebi da magaliTebia.
oratoris mkafio, gamarTuli da logikuri gamosvla mxolod imis
Semdgom iZens damajereblobas, rodesac poziciis damamtkicebeli
argumenti faqtebiTa da statistikuri monacemebiT aris gamagrebu-
li. sadebato sakiTxis codna Cans ara lamazad dawyobil da efeqtu-
rad wardgenil argumentebSi, aramed am argumentis gavrcobaSi, rac
SeuZlebelia Temis kvlevisa da Cveni ideebis Sesabamisi monacemebiT
mxardaWeris gareSe.
karl poperis debatebSi damamtkicebeli masala ewodeba:
• faqtebs;
• statistikur monacemebs;
• citatebs;
• cnobil adamianTa gamonaTqvamebs;
• magaliTebs;
• msgavs SemTxvevebs.
amgvari, damasabuTebeli informaciis meSveobiT xdeba sakuTar
oponentTa mosazrebebis gabaTileba.
Tu mtkicebiTi poziciis formirebis dros gundebi ar moipove-
ben karg damamtkicebel masalebs, oponent gundTan winaaRmdegobis
gaweva da msajis darwmuneba sakuTari poziciis upiratesobaSi Seu-
Zlebeli iqneba.
40
rogor moviZioT da gamoviyenoT damamtkicebeli masalebi
savarjiSo #5 `mrgvali magida~
1 etapi _ 5 wuTi.
savarjiSos dawyebisTanave mwvrTneli dafaze dawers kiTxvas:
„sad unda movipovoT damamtkicebeli masala?“
5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi CavataroT gonebrivi ieriSi da SevecadoT,
dafaze davafiqsiroT yvela mosazreba. drois amowurvis Semdeg, da-
faze daaxloebiT aseTi CamonaTvali gaCndeba:
- Jurnal-gazeTebi;
- televizia da radio;
- interneti;
- saxelmZRvaneloebi;
- maswavleblebi;
- eqspertebi;
- mSoblebi;
- megobrebi.
2 etapi _ 5 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze, auditoria davyoT mcire jgufebad
da davavaloT, 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganixilon zemoT CamoTvlili
wyaroebi da gansazRvron maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.
3 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze jgufebi waradgenen TavianT mosazre-
bebs, mwvrTneli ki xels Seuwyobs am mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT
diskusiis warmarTvas. diskusiis dros modebateebs SeuZliaT Tqvan,
rom, erTi mxriv, gazeTebi kargi wyaroa, vinaidan maTSi axali infor-
macaa, amave dros, ar unda daviviwyoT `yviTeli presa“. saxelmZR-
vaneloebTan dakavSirebiT gamoiTqmis mosazrebebi, rom monacemebi
SeiZleba moZvelebuli iyos. eqspertebis mosazrebebi ki yovelTvis
ar aris kompetenturi, televiziaSi da radioSi adamianebi zepir
gancxadebebs akeTeben, rac naklebad sapasuxismgebloa da maTze
dayrdnoba momgebiani ar aris debatebis dros.
aseTi diskusia unda warimarTos mrgvali magidis irgvliv (wriu-
lad ganlagebuli skamebis principiT). mwvrTneli am savarjiSos
dros flobs gasaRebs (nebismieri nivTi _ markeri, kalami, saxaza-
vi...), romelsac moTxovnis Sesabamisad gadascems auditoriis wevrs.
mxolod gasaRebis mflobels aqvs ufleba, isaubros. danarCeni mona-
wileebi usmenen da elodebian gasaRebis mflobelis saubris damTavre-
41
bas.
msgavsi diskusiebi Zalian sasargebloa. modebateebi eCvevian sa-
kuTari azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmas da moTminebiT mosmenas.
damamtkicebeli masalis gamoyeneba

karl poperis debatebSi damamtkicebeli masalis gamoyeneba sami
ZiriTadi mizniT xdeba:
• sakuTari poziciis ganmtkicebis dros argumentebis gamyareba
faqtebiT da statistikuri monacemebiT;
• oponentTa qeisis gabaTilebis dros kontrfaqtebis da alter-
natiuli magaliTebis moyvana;
• avtoritetuli eqspertebisa da mecnierebis naSromebidan amo-
naridebi xels uwyobs argumentebis analizs;
• cnobili sazogadoebrivi moRvaweebisa da literatorebis ga-
monaTqvamebi da citatebi amZafreben gamosvlas da ufro
efeqturs xdian prezentacias;
• TamaSis gaanalizebisas, gundis mesame momxseneblebi _ rogorc
mtkicebiT, aseve uarmyofel mxareze _ ganixilaven Sejaxebebis
areebs. am dros faqtebis moSvelieba yvelaze efeqturi xerxia.
savarjiSo # 6 `movigonoT faqtebi~

1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze davyoT auditoria sam Tanabar jgu-
fad. TiToeul jgufs mivceT baraTebze winaswar dawerili ramdeni-
me argumenti. 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi modebateebma unda moifiqron
rac SeiZleba meti sxvadasxva saxis damamtkicebeli masala mocemuli
argumentebis dasamtkiceblad.
1 baraTi
• televizia dezinformaciis wyaroa;
• televizia azarmacebs mozardebs;
• televizia mavned moqmedebs janmrTelobaze.
2 baraTi
• reklama adunebs momxmareblis yuradRebas;
• reklama ityueba;
• reklama xSirad araesTetikuria.
3 baraTi
• quCis aqciebi Sedegis swrafad miRebis saSualebas iZleva;
42
• quCis aqciebi xelisuflebaze zegavlenis saukeTeso saSualebaa;
• quCis aqciebi demokratiis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.
2 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze gundebma unda warmoadginon TavianTi
faqtebi da, amave dros, aRniSnon, sad da rogor moiZiebdnen faqtebs,
ufro meti dro da pirobebi rom hqondeT.
3 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze debatebis mwvrTneli miscems davale-
bas gundebs, rom Semdegi gakveTilisaTvis gundebma moiZion ufro
meti damamtkicebeli masala im wyaroebidan, romlebzec gakveTilis
dasawyisSi visaubreT.
saSinao davalebis micema mTeli kursis msvlelobisas Zalian mni-
Svnelovania. saSinao davalebebi unda iyos saintereso, iTvaliswi-
nebdes gunduri muSaobis principebs (gundis wevrebs SeuZliaT moi-
povon sxvadasxva masala da bolos Seajeron es masalebi) da Tavidan
ar unda iyos Zalian rTuli. saganmanaTleblo debatebis principebi
modebateebisagan xangrZliv da Tanmimdevrul muSaobas moiTxovs.
amitom mozardebs sWirdebaT motivacia imisaTvis, rom srulyofi-
lad Seasrulon davaleba. Sejibris principi am SemTxvevaSi yvelaze
karg motivaciad warmogvidgeba.
saSinao davalebis micemisas dagegmeT Semdegi Sexvedra, ise, rom
Sedges TamaSebi. sami jgufi waradgens Tavis argumentebs da faqtebs.
TiToeul jgufs eyoleba oponentebi, romlebic aseve aRWurvilebi
iqnebian kontrargumentebiTa da faqtebiT.
VI gakveTili
qeisi
• qeisi _ modebate mxaris pozicia _ 15wT.
• mtkicebiTi gundis pozicia _ 10 wT.
• savarjiSo `SevimuSaoT mtkicebiTi qeisi“ _ 35 wT.
qeisi _ modebate mxaris pozicia

saganmanaTleblo formalur debatebSi kamaTi gundebs Soris
winaswar momzadebuli poziciebiT e.w. qeisebiT mimdinareobs. qeisi
aris saqme, romelic iqmneba ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi. modeba-
43
teebis samkaciani gundi ecnoba sakamaTo rezolucias, ikvlevs ma-
salebs mis irgvliv, ayalibebs argumentebs, qmnis damamtkicebeli
masalebis marags da bolos wers pirveli momxseneblisaTvis gamosas-
vlel sityvas.
debatebis turnirebze gundebs rogorc mtkicebiT, aseve uarmy-
ofel poziciaze uwevT TamaSi. poziciebis arCeva ki kenWisyrazea da-
mokidebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, debatebisaTvis mzadebis procesSi
moswavleebma orive mxaris pozicia (qeisi) unda Seadginon. aRniS-
nuli procesi Zalze Sromatevadi, magram, amave dros, sainteresoa.
qeisis piramida
TiToeuli gundis pozicia Sedgeba rezoluciis, definiciebis,
kriteriumis, argumentebisa da damamtkicebeli masalisagan. aRniS-
nuli komponentebi sagangebo struqturiT unda iyos warmodgenili
mtkicebiTi gundis pirveli gamomsvlelis moxsenebaSi. e.w. qeisis pi-
ramida naTel warmodgenas iZleva mTeli qeisis agebulebaze.
rezolucia
definiciebi
kriteriumi
argumentebi
damamtkicebeli masala
daskvna
mtkicebiTi gundis pozicia

pirveli, rac mtkicebiT gunds auditoriisagan sWirdeba,
yuradRebaa. am SemTxvevaSi, momxseneblis kargma Sesavalma audi-
toriis yuradReba unda miipyros da mas sadebato rezolucia efeq-
turad gaacnos. yuradRebis mipyroba SeiZleba STambeWdavi citatiT,
gansacvifrebeli statistikis gamoyenebiT, an dramatuli magaliTisa
da analogiis meSveobiT. mas Semdeg, rac momxsenebeli gansazRvravs
definiciebs da daadgens kriteriums. gundi sakuTari kriteriumis
dasacavad gamoiyenebs sxvadasxva dargis Teoretikosebis mosazre-
44
bebs; amave dros, warmoadgens sakuTar dasabuTebebs, Sedarebebsa da
analogiebs. qeisis kargi Sesavali moqmedebs mTeli Semdgomi TamaSis
ganwyobaze. Sesavals _ rezolucia, definiciebi da kriteriumi _
pirvelma momxsenebelma daaxloebiT naxevari wuTi unda dauTmos.
mtkicebiTma gundma kriteriumis dadgenisa da dacvis Semdeg
unda ganaviTaros iseTi argumentebi, romlebic misi kriteriu-
mis Sesabamisi iqneba. argumentebi SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc xidi
_ romelic kriteriumTan misasvlelad aris aucilebeli. mtkicebiTi
pozicia unda iyos damajerebeli, advilad gasagebi, erTi sakiTxidan
meoreze azrebi logikurad unda gadadiodes. qeisis struqtura kar-
gad unda iyos gawerili droSi. TiToeuli argumenti amomwuravad
unda iyos wardgenili. dauSvebelia meore argumentis dasrulebis
Semdeg momxsenebeli wina argumentis dasabuTebas daubrundes. msa-
jma Tavis CanawerSi naTlad unda dainaxos, sad mTavrdeba erTi ar-
gumenti da sad iwyeba meore.
imisaTvis, rom gauadviloT modebateebs qeisis struqturis aR-
qma, SemogTavazebT savarjiSos:
savarjiSo # 7 `SevimuSavoT mtkicebiTi qeisi~
1 etapi _ 5 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze dafaze davweroT sadebato rezolu-
cia. magaliTad:
`did qalaqSi cxovrebas patara sofelSi cxovreba sjobs~

davyoT auditoria mcire jgufebad da davavaloT, SeimuSaon
mtkicebiTi pozicia, romelic sami argumentisagan Sedgeba. am sa-
varjiSos Sesrulebisas mwvrTneli auxsnis modebateebs, rom sami
argumenti mtkicebiT qeisSi ar aris sayovelTao wesi, romelsac mod-
ebateebi emorCilebian. argumentebis raodenoba ar aris SezRuduli.
mTavaria gundma moaxerxos, eqvs wuTSi ise waradginos argumentebi,
rom arc faqtebi da statistikuri monacemebi daaklos, arc gadat-
virTos zedmeti Znelad aRsaqmeli monacemebiT. logikuri msjelo-
bac kargi aRsaqmelia, rodesac azri aTi-TxuTmeti winadadebiT aris
gadmocemuli. debatis dros, rogorc oponentebisaTvis aseve, msa-
jebisaTvis xangrZlivi, droSi gawelili argumentebis dasabuTebebi
mTavarze yuradRebis gamaxvilebas uSlis xels. amrigad, argumen-
tebis dasabuTebisas òqros Sualedi~ unda davicvaT. gamocdilebam
gviCvena, rom eqvs wuTSi srulfasovnad 3 argumentis wardgena aris
aucilebeli. Tumca, debatebis turnirebze gvqonda SemTxvevebi,
45
rodesac sadebato Tema imdenad mravalmxrivi iyo, rom gundebi me-
oTxe argumentis Semotanas da mis efeqturad wardgenas axerxebdnen.
uarmyofeli gundisaTvis oponirebis gaweva gacilebiT advilia,
rodesac mtkicebiTi mxare bevr _ 4,5,6 arguments waradgens, vinaid-
an drois SezRudvis gamo ver eswreba am argumentebis srulyofi-
lad gaSla da oponenti gundi zedapirul dasabuTebas advilad um-
klavdeba Zlieri kontrargumentebiT. gacilebiT rTulia 2-3 Zlieri
argumentis da maTi siRrmiseulad gaanalizebuli mxardaWeris gaba-
Tileba.
2 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze mwvrTneli TiToeul gunds miscems
winaswar amobeWdil sqemas, sadac kriteriumis da argumentebis ujre-
bi carielia. 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gundebma unda moifiqron krite-
riumi da sami argumenti _ Tavisi logikuri msjelobiT, damamtkice-
beli masalebiTa da daskvnebiT da mokled Caweron cariel grafebSi.
sqema 4 _ `mtkicebiTi qeisi~
sadebato re- did qalaqSi cxovrebas patara sofelSi cxovreba sjobs

zolucia
definiciebi definiciebs (ganmartebebs) gundebi sakuTari poziciis Se-

sabamisad waradgenen, rac TamaSs gansazRvrul kalapotSi
aqcevs. uarmyofeli mxare iZulebulia TamaSis am kalapots
gahyves. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, TamaSi sxvadasxva mimarTu-
lebiT warimarTeba da, Sesabamisad, ar moxdeba azrTa da-
pirispireba.
definicia didi qalaqi _ industriuli, ganviTarebuli qalaqi mi-
lionze meti mosaxleobiT
definicia patara sofeli _ sasoflo-sameurneo dargSi warmatebuli
sofeli, romelic aRWurvilia Tanamedrove sakomunikacio
sistemiT, ganviTarebuli infrastruqturiT, sofelSi
aris saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, sportu-
li moednebi, biblioTeka, klubi, sadac imarTeba koncer-
tebi da speqtaklebi. soflis mosaxleoba ar aRemateba
1000 kacs.
definicia cxovreba _ ojaxuri cxovreba, SromiTi moRvaweoba, da-
sveneba, kulturul-SemecnebiT RonisZiebebSi monawileo-
ba. ganaTlebis miReba.
46
kriteriumi
(poziciis mi-
zani)
1. argumenti
argumentis axsna
1. argumentis dasabuTeba
logikuri msjelobiT
damamtkicebeli monacemebiT
1. argumentis daskvna da
dakavSireba kriteriumTan
2. argumenti
argumentis axsna
logikuri msjelobiT
3. argumenti
argumentis axsna
logikuri msjelobiT
samive argumentis daskvna da kavSiri kriteriumTan
3 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze TiToeuli gundi sam-sami wuTis gan-
mavlobaSi waradgens qeiss. mwvrTneli TvalsaCinod dafaze akeT-
ebs qeisebis Canawers. wardgenebis Semdgom, mwvrTnelis mier gakeT-
ebul Canawerebze naTlad gamoCndeba gundebis mier SemuSavebuli
struqtura. am savarjiSoSi mniSvnelovania, rom mwvrTnelma komen-
tarebis dros yuradReba gaamaxvilos qeisis struqturaze da si-
zusteze. momxseneblebs ar unda gamorCeT qeisis arc erTi pun-
47
qti. komentarebis dasrulebisas mwvrTneli daavalebs modebateebs,
moipovon informacia am Temis irgvliv da mocemuli struqturis
mixedviT SeimuSaon ufro srulyofili qeisi, romelic 6 wuTiani
moxsenebis saxiT wardgenili iqneba momdevno gakveTilze.
mwvrTneli auxsnis modebateebs, rom Semdegi gakveTili daeTmoba
uarmyofeli poziciis SemuSavebas da maT mier saxlSi momzadebuli
masalebi gamoyenebul iqneba uaryofis strategiis asaxsnelad.

VII gakveTili
uaryofa da aRdgena
• uaryofa da aRgdena, rogorc debatebis safuZveli _ 10 wT
• rogor movemzadoT uarmyofeli poziciisaTvis? _ 15 wT.
• savarjiSo `ratom ar veTanxmebi rezolucias“ _ 35 wT
uaryofa da aRgdena, rogorc debatebis safuZveli

karl poperis saxelobis formalur debatebSi mtkicebiTi da
uarmyofeli gundebis dapirispireba SeiZleba ori sityviT gamovxa-
toT: uaryofa da aRdgena. debatebis mwvrTnelma kargad unda aux-
snas modebateebs, rom uarmyofeli gundi arafers amtkicebs, igi
mxolod upirispirdeba mtkicebiT pozicias. am ori oponenti gundis
funqciebi ufro TvalsaCino rom gaxdes, warmovidginoT sasamarT-
lo darbazi, sadac erTmaneTis pirispir arian bralmdebeli da dam-
cveli. advokats ar sWirdeba gansasjelis udanaSaulobis mtkiceba.
igi asabuTebs, rom bralmdeblis mtkiceba araswori, arasamarTliani,
an gansasjelis damnaSaved cnobisaTvis ar aris sakmarisi.
udanaSaulobis prezumfciis mixedviT, piri udanaSauloa manam,
sanam sasamarTlos mier damnaSaved ar aris cnobili. Tu bralmde-
belma Tavisi argumentacia ver daamtkica, is agebs sasamarTlo pro-
cess.
asevea formalur debatebSic. uarmyofeli mxare asabuTebs, rom
mtkicebiTi gundis pozicia arasworia, argumentebi ver asabuTebs
sakamaTo rezolucias, logikuri msjeloba mcdaria, faqtebi arasan-
do, xolo kavSirebi faqtebsa da argumentebs Soris aramyari da a.S.
uaryofisa da aRdgenis proceduris warmatebulad Sesrulebas
msajebi umTavres yuradRebas aqceven. oponentTa mosazrebebis uar-
yofa, igive gabaTileba, mowinaaRmdegeTa poziciisadmi dapirispire-
bas niSnavs, xolo aRdgena _ dapirispirebas aRniSnuli dapirispire-
48
bisadmi.
rogor movemzadoT uarmyofeli poziciisaTvis?

sadebato rezoluciis gamocxadebis Semdeg, mtkicebiTi da
uarmyofeli poziciebis Tanabrad momzadeba warmatebisaTvis mebr-
Zoli gundis strategia unda gaxdes.
savarjiSo #8 ` ratom ar veTanxmebi rezolucias?~
1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze mwvrTneli 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi

atarebs `gonebriv ieriSs~: dafaze dawers rezolucias, romelic
ukve ganxiluli iyo wina gakveTilebze mtkicebiTi poziciis mxridan.
magaliTad _ `did qalaqSi cxovrebas patara sofelSi cxovreba
sjobs~ da wers aseve kiTxvas _ ratom ar veTanxmebiT rezolucias?
amis Semdeg mwvrTneli Seaxsenebs auditorias `gonebrivi ieri-
Sis~ ramdenime wess.:
• arasdros gavakritikoT idea CamoyalibebisTanave, radgan
Zalian xSirad idea, romelic yvelaze naklebad gamosadegi
gveCveneba, SeiZleba sxva ideis warmoSobis mizezi gaxdes;
• arc erTi winadadeba ar SeiZleba iyos yovlad miuRebeli. sanam
karg ideamde mividodeT, mravali miuRebeli idea unda ganvix-
iloT;
• arasodes SeCerdeT sam an oTx ideaze. rac meti ideaa warmodge-
nili, miT ukeTesi;
• aucilebelia azrTa gaziareba, kombinireba da Tavidan dal-
ageba-Camoyalibeba.
kargi `gonebrivi ieriSi~ SeiZleba xmauriani iyos. mwvrTnelma
ar unda dauSalos monawileebs, uwesrigod wamoisrolon winadade-
bebi. ar SezRudoT is monawileebi,visac laparakis survili gauCnde-
ba. kargad Catarebuli gonebrivi ieriSi warmoSobs bevr da saWiro
ideas.
2 etapi _ 5 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze davyoT auditoria mcire jgufebad da
davavaloT, moaxdinon dafaze Camowerili ideebis klasificireba.
49
3 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze davurigoT gundis wevrebs wina
gakveTilze maT mier SemuSavebuli mtkicebiTi qeisi da davavaloT,
klasificirebuli ideebi Seusabamon mtkicebiT argumentebs da kon-
trargumentis saxiT Camoayalibon ideebi.
4 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos meoTxe etapze gundebi waradgenen TavianT kon-
trargumentebs mocemul argumentebTan mimarTebaSi. mwvrTneli da-
faze akeTebs Canawerebs da ganmartavs, romeli kontrargumentebi
realurad upirispirdeba argumentebs.
warmogidgnT uarmyofeli gundis mier kontrargumentebis Se-
muSavebis sqemis magaliTs:
sqema 5
1 argumenti _ did qalaqSi viRebT ufro karg ganaTlebas.
1. kontrargumenti _ patara soflis

skolebSi ufo mcirericxovani kla-
sebia. amitom, maswavlebels aqvs sa-
Sualeba. individualurad miudges
moswavleebs.
2. kontrargumenti _ sofelSi sabunebi-
smetyvelo sagnebis swavleba gaadvi-
lebulia, vinaidan sofelSi mcxovreb
moswavleebs uSualo Sexeba aqvs bune-
basTan.
3. soflebSi sajaro skolebSi swavlis
xarisxi maRalia, razec metyvelebs
moswavleTa Sedegebi konkursebsa da
misaReb gamocdebze.
4. soflis macxovreblis ganaTlebis mi-
Reba xdeba mizanmimarTulad soflis
meurneobisa da veterinaruli mimar-
TulebiT da harmoniaSia mis cxovre-
basTan.
5. soflis macxovrebels SeuZlia umaR-
lesi ganaTleba miiRos qalaqSi, xolo
icxovros sofelSi. Tanamedrove
teqnologiebi iZleva distanciuri ga-
naTlebis saSualebas.
50
2 argumenti _ did qalaqSi adamianis janmrTeloba ufro daculia,
vinaidan, samedicino momsaxureba ufro kvalificiuria.
1. kontrargumenti _ patara sofel-

Si ufro jansaRia ekologiuri
garemo. mosaxleoba sufTa haers
sunTqavs da naturaluri pro-
duqtiT ikvebeba. amitomac admian-
Ta janmrTeloba ufro metad aris
daculi, vidre didi qalaqebis
mosaxleobis janmrTeloba. didi
qalaqebis macxovreblebi ufro
metad arian epidemiebis gavrce-
lebis dartymis qveS.
2. kontrargumenti _ sofelSi ada-

miani axlosaa bunebasTan da
naklebia stresuli situaciebi,
amitomac adamianTa janmrTeloba
ufro daculia.
3. soflebSi aris ambulatorie-

bi, sadac kvalificiur eqimebs
SeuZliaT gauwion avadmyofebs sa-
Wiro pirveladi samedicino daxma-
reba.
4. soflis macxovreblebma qalaqe-

bis macxovreblebTan SedarebiT
metad ician aratradiciuli mkur-
nalobis meTodebis gamoyeneba. ba-
laxeulobiT da naturaluri pro-
duqtebiT mkurnalobis meTodebs
tradiciuli medicinac aqtiurad
iyenebs.
5. soflis macxovrebels SeuZlia

janmrTelobis gauaresebis Sem
Txve
vaSi gaemgzavros qalaqSi
samkurnalod.
51
3 argumenti _ didi qalaqebi teqnikuri, aseve, kulturuli ganviTarebis
centrebia. adamianebs meti saSualeba aqvT, monawileoba miiRon kultu-
rul da sazogadoebriv RonisZiebebSi.
1. kontrargumenti _ patara so-

flebSi ganviTarebulia gamoyene-
biTi xelovnebis dargebi: rewva,
qsova, gobeleni, Teqa, rac kul-
turuli memkvidreobis SenarCu-
nebas uwyobs xels.
2. kontrargumenti _ qarTuli li-

teraturis Sedevrebi umTavresad
patara soflebSi aris Seqmnili.
3. sofelSi ganviTarda da SenarCun-
da xalxuri zepirsityviereba da
poezia, aseve, xalxuri folklo-
ri.
4. sofelSi tardeba cnobili Te-
atraluri dasebis gastrolebi,
aseve koncertebi da festivale-
bi. ase rom, soflis mosaxleoba-
sac aqvs saSualeba, monawileoba
miiRos kulturul da sazogadoe-
briv RoniZiebebSi, Tanamedro-
ve sainformacio saSualebebidan
ki soflis mosaxleobas SeuZlia
Tvalyuri adevnos msoflio kul-
turul miRwevebs.
5. turizmis ganviTarebis Tval-

sazrisiT, sofels meti saSuale-
bebi aqvs, vidre qalaqs. amitom
kuTxisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ko-
lorituli xelobebi aramarto
mimzidvels xdis sofels, aramed
erovnuli kulturis ganviTare-
bis pirobasac warmoadgens.
sqemis ganxilvisas mivaqcioT yuradReba, rom cxrilis pirvel

grafaSi sicarieleebia. am cxrils Semdeg gakveTilze kvlav ga-
nixilavs debatebis mwvrTneli, rodesac mtkicebiTi poziciis aR-
dgenaze isaubrebs.
52
VIII gakveTili
uaryofa
• rogor vaxdenT reagirebas definiciebsa da kriteriumze? _ 20
wT.
• mtkicebiTi qeisis uaryofis ZiriTadi meTodebi _ 20wT.
• argumentis uaryofa _ 20 wT.
• savarjiSo `davupirispirdeT arguments“ _ 20 wT
rogor vaxdenT reagirebas definiciebsa da kriteriumze?

karl poperis debatebSi uarmyofeli pozicia mtkicebiTi poz-
iciis yvela komponents upirispirdeba. debatebis mwvrTnelma unda
auxsnas modebateebs, rom uaryofis samizne, marTalia, mTeli mt-
kicebiTi qeisi, magram uaryofis strategia definiciebTan da kri-
teriumTan mimarTebaSi sxva xasiaTs atarebs, xolo argumentebTan
da damamtkicebel masalebTan mimarTebaSi sruliad gansxvavebuli
meTodebi gamoiyeneba.
debatebis procesSi xSirad mZafri kamaTi imarTeba TamaSSi war-
modgenili definiciebis garSemo. aq ibadeba kiTxva: ramdenad sWir-
deba uarmyofel mxares ganmartebebis gabaTileba? ra upiratesobis
mopoveba an dakargva SeiZleba definiciebis uaryofiTa da aRdge-
niT? TavisTavad, debatebis karl poperis formatis specifikidan
gamomdinare, anu im ZiriTadi momentis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am Ta-
maSSi mTavaria mowinaaRmdege gundebis mosazrebebis uSualo dapi-
rispireba da Sejaxeba maT poziciebs Soris, unda vaRiaroT is faq-
ti, rom definiciebis uaryofa ufro provokaciul moments Seicavs,
vidre aucileblobas. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uarmyofeli gundi
upirispirdeba mtkicebiTis mier Semotanil gansazRvrebebs, debate-
bi (gundebis msjeloba da mtkicebulebebi) radikalurad sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiT warimarTeba. es ki ewinaaRmdegeba debatebis ZiriTad
princips TamaSSi Sejaxebebis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
miuxedavad zemoT Tqmulisa, karl poperis debatebSi arsebobs
SemTxvevebi, rodesac uarmyofeli gundi mtkicebiTis definiciebs
ubralod ar eTanxmeba. arsebobs mxolod ori SemTxveva, rodesac
xdeba terminebis ganmartebebis gabaTileba:
- oponentebis mier SemoTavazebuli definiciebi tyuilia;
isini Zalzed mwiria da informaciis naklebobiT gamoirCeva;
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, uarmyofel gunds definiciebisadmi uSua-
53
lo dapirispireba, maTi gabaTileba da alternatiuli ganmartebebis
Semotana uwevs; definiciebis arsebobis dros modebateebi, Tu saWi-
rod Tvlian, axdenen Semotanili gansazRvrebebis gavrcobas da in-
formaciulad gamdidrebas.
debatebSi sakuTar kriteriumad, anu miznad, romlis miRweva sa-
kuTari poziciiT surs, rogorc wesi, TiToeul gunds raime dadebi-
Ti Rirebuleba aqvs arCeuli. amis gamo, saerTod kiTxvis niSnis qveS
dgeba kriteriumis uaryofa.
uSualod debatebis dros kriteriumi mxareebis poziciis is
nawilia, romelzec dava iSviaTad mimdinareobs. im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac uarmyofeli gundi eTanxmeba mowinaaRmdegis kriteriums,man ig-
ive kriteriumi sakuTari poziciis miznadac unda daisaxos. Sesa-
bamisad, sakuTari argumentebic mas unda daukavSiros.
debatebis mwvrTnelma Tavis moswavleebs unda auxsnas, rom kri-
teriumis uaryofa ar aris uarmyofeli mxaris Secdoma. debatebis
wesebi ar uaryofs kriteriumze dapirispirebas. praqtikaSi arsebobs
SemTxvevebi, rodesac uarmyofeli gundi axdens dapirispirebas kri-
teriumze. es xdeba, rodesac:
• mtkicebiTi gundis mier mowodebuli kriteriumi ar warmoad-
gens dadebiT Rirebulebas;
• kriteriumi Sinaarsobrivad ar ukavSirdeba rezolucias;
• uarmyofeli gundi kriteriumze dapirispirebas axdens saku-
Tari, alternatiuli kriteriumiT.
pirveli ori SemTxvevisas, uarmyofeli gundi ubralod uaryofs mt-
kicebiTis kriteriums da Semoaqvs sakuTari. am dros, modebate ubral-
od amtkicebs, rom misi gundis mizani ufro aucilebeli da saWiroa da
rom misi miRweva ufro metad sasurvelia, vidre oponentis kriteriumis.
mtkicebiTi qeisis uaryofis ZiriTadi meTodebi

miuxedavad imisa, rom gabaTilebis procesSi uarmyofeli gundis
movaleoba mowinaaRmdegis mTeli qeisis piramidis daSlaSi mdgomare-
obs, mTavari mainc argumentebis da maTi logikuri gavrcobis uaryo-
faa, radgan gundis poziciis maTavari Sinaarsi swored argumentebSi
gamoixateba. argumentebisadmi dapirispirebis aseTi didi mniSvnelo-
bis gamo maT uaryofis yvela arsebuli meTodiT upirispirdebian.
argumentebisa da maTSi Camoyalibebuli logikuri msjelobis gaba-
Tilebis dros, xdeba uaryofis ZiriTadi meTodebis gamoyeneba. kerZod:
• pirdapiri uaryofa;
• kavSirebis moZebna;
• faqtebisa da damamtkicebeli masalis gamoyeneba;
54
• oponentTa msjelobis gamoyeneba;
• jvaredini dakiTxvis gamoyeneba.
argumentebis uaryofa
uaryofis meTodebs Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli da xSirad
gamoyenebadi pirdapiri gabaTilebaa, romlis drosac modebateebi
ubralod cdiloben oponentTa argumentebisadmi samarTlebrivi,
istoriuli, moraluri da sxva TvalsazrisiT dapirispirebas. amiT
moTamaSeebi awarmoeben argumentebisaTvis logikuri safuZvlis
`gamoclas~, azrobrivi jaWvis darRvevas da am gziT axdenen sab-
oloo gabaTilebas. Tumca, pirdapir uaryofas, yvela Tavis dadebiT
TvisebasTan erTad, meore mxarec gaaCnia, rac imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom misi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, `saqme bolomde unda mivides~.
gabaTilebis am meTodis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, aucileblad bo-
lomde unda damtkicdes is, rom magaliTad, oponentTa argumentebi
an moralurad an samarTlebrivad ar aris gamarTlebuli. amasTan er-
Tad, pirdapiri uaryofis gamoyenebisas, unda iyos uaryofis erTiani
strategia, rac imas niSnavs, rom gundis TiToeuli wevri msgavsi
mosazrebebiT unda sargeblobdes dapirispirebis dros.
kavSirebis meTodi gamoixateba oponentis qeisis komponentebs
Soris winaaRmdegobebis danaxvis gamoyenebaSi. am procesSi unda
dadgindes qeisis rgolebs Soris Semdegi saxis damokidebulebebi:
• ramdenad Seesabameba kriteriumi rezoluciis Sinaarss;
• ramdenad ukavSirdeba TiToeuli argumenti kriteriums;
• ramdenadaa mibmuli TiToeuli qveargumenti ZiriTad argu-
ments;
• ramdenad eTanxmeba damamtkicebeli masala argumentis Sinaarss;
• ramdenad modis gundis msjeloba SesabamisobaSi maT mier wamoy-
enebul definiciebTan.
TamaSisaTvis momzadebisas, gundebi Tanabari ZaliT axdenen mt-
kicebiTi da uarmyofeli qeisebis SemuSavebas. aqedan gamomdinare,
modebateebs winaswar momzadebuli damamtkicebeli masala `dax-
arisxebuli~ unda hqondeT, raTa efeqturad moaxdinon maTi gamoy-
eneba uaryofis dros. mniSvnelovania damamtkicebeli masaliT,
aramarto oponentis faqtebisa da statistikis gabaTileba, aramed
argumentebis uaryofac, radgan logikuri msjeloba, romelic ar
aris damamtkicebel masalaze damyarebuli da romlis simcdaresac
cnobili faqtebiTa da saintereso statistikiT upirispirdebi, de-
batebSi sarwmunod ar miiCneva.
oponentis mosazrebaTa da jvaredini dakiTxvis gamoyeneba uaryofis
55
Zalzed msgavsi meTodebia, radgan am dros xdeba oponentTa naTqvame-
bis maT sawinaaRmdegod gamoyeneba, rac msajisaTvis Zalzed did damamt-
kicebel arguments warmoadgens. gansxvaveba isaa, rom jvaredini dakiTx-
vis dros, modebateebis mTeli Zalisxmeva mimarTulia im kuTxiT, rom
oponents aTqmevinon maTTvis sasurveli pasuxi, xolo mowinaaRmdegeTa
gamosvlis dros xelsayreli mosazrebis daWera da misi gamoyeneba de-
batebis xelovnebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan maxasiaTeblad iTvleba.
garda amisa, gabaTileba aucileblad unda moicavdes garkveul
struqturas. igi ar unda iyos qaoturi. qeisis piramidaze dapirisp-
irebisas unda moxdes mis Semadgenel nawilebze Tanmimdevruli da-
pirispireba. es uadvilebs msajs Canaweris gakeTebas, rac debatebis
Sedegis dasadgenad Zalze mniSvnelovania.
warmogidgenT pirdapiri uaryofis magaliTs:

sqema 6.
Tema: sikvdiliT dasja gaumarTlebelia!
sikvdiliT dasja ar amcirebs mtkicebiTi mxare acxadebs, rom
danaSaulis raodenobas. sikvdiliT dasja ar amcirebs da-
yoveli dasjis saboloo miza- naSaulis raodenobas. Cven, uarmy-
ni aris danaSaulis raodenobrivi ofeli mxare vambobT sapirispiros
maCveneblis Semcireba. sikvdiliT _ sikvdiliT dasja amcirebs da-
dasjis arseboba qveyanaSi aranairad naSaulis raodenobas. veTanxmebiT
ar moqmedebs danaSaulebis ricxvze. mtkicebiT mxares, rom yoveli das-
piriqiT, kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom jis saboloo mizani aris danaSau-
aSS-s im StatebSi, sadac sikvdiliT lis raodenobrivi maCveneblis Sem-
dasja dakanonebulia, danaSaule- cireba. sikvdiliT dasja ki mTel
baTa ricxvi 30% _ iT metia, vidre rig qveynebSi SemaSinebeli faqto-
danarCen StatebSi (davasexelebT ria da xels uwyobs danaSaulis Sem-
wyaros). Cveni damamtkicebeli masa- cirebas. arabeTis qveynebSi, sadac
lis safuZvelze SegviZlia vTqvaT, sikvdiliT dasja gamoiyeneba iseTi
rom sikvdiliT dasjis arseboba danaSaulebis mimarT, rogoric aris
ar amcirebs danaSaulebaTa ricxvs. narkotikebiT vaWroba, aramc Tu
amgvarad, sikvdiliT dasja ar aris ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebeli
gamarTlebuli. garemoebebiT, danaSaulebaTa ricxvi
sagrZnoblad naklebia im qveynebTan
SedarebiT, sadac sikvdiliT dasja
ar arsebobs. amitom argumenti _
sikvdiliT dasja ar amcirebs da-
naSaulis raodenobas, mcdaria, ver
asabuTebs rezolucias _ sikvdiliT
dasja gaumarTlebelia.
56
savarjiSo # 9 `davupirispirdeT arguments“
1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze debatebis mwvrTneli yofs audito-
rias mcire jgufebad da urigebs maT baraTebze dabeWdil erT argu-
ments da mokled formulirebul dasabuTebas _ logikuri msjelo-
biT, damamtkicebeli monacemebiT da daskvnebiT. Semdeg, sTxovs, rom
aTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi: a) moifiqron da daasaxelon is meTodi, rom-
liTac apireben mocemuli argumentis uaryofas, b) mocemul sqemaSi
Caweron uaryofis Sesabamisi punqtebi.
warmogidgenT aseTi argumentis erT nimuSs:

sqema 7.
Tema: atomuri energiis gamoyeneba ZiriTa-
di siTburi energiis resursis saxiT ar aris
gamarTlebuli.
Tezisi: atomuri energiis gamoyeneba sax-
ifaToa.
logikuri gavrcoba: Zalian xSirad xdeba
avariebi atomur eleqtrosadgurebze.
damamtkicebeli masala: 1990 wlis 14 ivniss
Jurnal àtomur energiaSi“ daibeWda sta-
tia: „avariebi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
atomur eleqtrosadgurebze yoveldRe xdeba.
es avariebi umniSvneloa, magram katastrofis
potenciuri safrTxe yovelTvis arsebobs.“
gavixsenoT Cernobilis atomuri eleqtro-
sadguris gamanadgurebeli Sedegebi. ar unda
daviviwyoT, rom miwisZvrebi da sxva stiqi-
uri movlenebi atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis
mwyobridan gamosvlas uwyobs xels. iaponiis
2011 wlis movlenebi amis naTeli magaliTia.
daskvna: ase rom, ekologiuri katastrofis
potenciuri safrTxe arsebobs. Cven saSiSi da
sabediswero arCevnis winaSe vdgavarT. gamo-
viyenoT Tu ara atomuri energia? Cvens msje-
lobasa da mocemul faqtebze dayrdnobiT
unda ganvacxadoT, rom axali atomuri sad-
gurebis mSenebloba atomuri energiis gamo-
yenebis mizniT unda SeCerdes.
57
etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze, TiToeuli gundidan erTi warmomad-
geneli ori wuTis ganmavlovaSi waradgens argumentis uaryofis ver-
sias. debatebis mwvrTnelma paralelurad unda Caiweros dafaze yve-
la moxseneba.
etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli gaakeTebs mokle
komentarebs da ganixilavs TiToeuli gundis uaryofis strategias
da logikuri msjelobis sizustes.
IX gakveTili
uaryofa
• argumentis sisusteebi _ 30 wT.
• savarjiSo `vipovoT argumentis susti mxareebi“ 60 _ wT
argumentis sisusteebi
debatebSi gamarjveba mniSvnelovnad damokidebulia argumentis
sworad Camoyalibebaze. oponenti gundi TamaSis dros yvelaze metad
argumentis sisusteebis aRmoCenasa da am sisusteebze dartymas ax-
orcielebs.
debatebis procesSi oponenti gundebi mosafiqrebeli drois gan-
mavlobaSi unda ekiTxebodnen Tavis Tavs:
• sandoa Tu ara mowinaaRmdege gundis mier warmodgenili argu-
mentis logikuri msjeloba;
• damoukidebelia Tu ara dasabuTeba Tezisze, Tu gamomdinare-
obs Tezisisgan;
• msjelobis sandoobis sakiTxi Cndeba maSin, rodesac argumentis
dasasabuTeblad viRebT ara WeSmarit, aramed mcdar warmodge-
nebs, romlebsac vawvdiT ise, TiTqos es WeSmariteba iyos.
moviyvanT erT magaliTs, romelic gauadvilebs mwvrTnels, aux-
snas auditorias debatebis es sakmaod rTuli elementi.
warmovidginoT, rom Cveni debatebis Temaa samyaros mowyoba.
Cven SegviZlia Zalian damajereblad, Zvel istoriul wyaroebze da
filosofiur Txzulebebze dayrdnobiT, damamtkicebeli masalebis
wardgeniT avxsnaT, rom dedamiwa aris ara sfero, aramed disko, ro-
melic yvela mxridan garSemortymulia didi mdinariT, romelsac
58
òkeane“ hqvia da rom es disko efuZneba eqvs spilos. dedamiwa mrgva-
li rom iyos, wylebi qveviT Camoedineboda, adamianebi wyurviliT
daixocebodnen, xolo mcenareebi gaxmebodnen. adamianebi Camovarde-
bodnen da SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda dedamiwaze cxovreba. ai, amitom,
dedamiwa ver iqneba sfero.
• debatebis procesSi msjelobis sandooba kiTxvis niSnis qveS
unda davayenoT, rodesac TavisTavad argumenti ar aris mcda-
ri, magram, amave dros, is Tavad saWiroebs dasabuTebas.
mozardebisaTvis am punqtis axsnas gagviadvilebs yvelasaTvis
sayvareli nawarmoebis `vini puxi da yvela-yvela-yvela“ _ s gmirebis
dialogis gaazreba.
• `- ras akeTeb? _ ikiTxa puhma.

me vTesav rkos, puh, misgan gaizrdeba muxis xe, saxlTan axlos
iqneba bevri-bevri rko. Torem, RmerTma uwyis, sad miwevs siaruli.
gesmis?
rom ar gaizardos? _ ikiTxa puhma.
gaizrdeba, imitom rom kristofer robinma ase Tqva _ aucileblad
gaizrdeba. imitomac vTesav.~
• argumentis sisusteebis gaazrebisas, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT

iseTi kategoriis logikur Secdomas, sadac warmoiqmneba e.w.
`Caketili wre“, sadac Teziss vasabuTebT argumentiT, xolo
arguments vasabuTebT imave TezisiT.
magaliTisTvis moviyvanT dialogs patara ufliswulsa da loTs
Soris antuan de sent-egziuperis nawarmoebidan. loTi eubneba pata-
ra ufliswuls, rom igi svams imitom, rom rcxvenia, Tumca, rcxvenia
imitom, rom svams.
• modebateebi xSirad iyeneben argumentebs, sadac gamoiyeneba ana-
logiebi. analogiebis logika martivia. Tumca oponentebma Zalian
didi yuradReba unda miaqcion analogiebze dafuZnebul daskvnebs.
magaliTad, fexburTi da ragbi sportia, orive popularulia
saqarTveloSi, orive gunduri TamaSia. TamaSi balaxis did moedanze,
Ria cis qveS mimdinareobs, orive saxeobaSi msoflioSi aRiarebuli
varskvlavebi gvyavs, da orive saxeobaSi burTi aris gundis wevrebis
flobis mizani. maSasadame, SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT, rom Tu ragbSi Cve-
ni qveyana warmatebulia, maSasadame, fexburTSic is warmatebuli iqneba
ramdenime weliwadSi? ra Tqma unda, ara. Cven mier moyvanili analogiebi
ar asabuTebs mosazrebas, rom saqarTvelos nakrebi fexburTSi moma-
valSi warmatebas miaRwevs. am ganacxadis dasabuTebas sruliad sxva
warmomavlobis logikaze dafuZnebuli argumentebi sWirdeba.
59
• yvelaze rTulad dasaZlevi amocana modebateebisaTvis aris
argumentSi mizezSedegobrivi sisusteebis aRmoCena, vinaidan
yvelaze Zlieri argumenti swored mizez-Sedegobrivi damoki-
debulebis safuZvelze igeba da modebateebi aseTi logikuri
jaWvis agebas didi yuradRebiT ekidebian.
davuSvaT, qveyanaSi kvalificiuri samedicino kadrebis naklebobas
vasabuTebT im mosazrebiT, rom samedicino saswavlo dawesebulebebSi
studentebis kvlevebSi CarTvas, laboratoriul da praqtikul mecadi-
neobebs naklebi yuradReba eTmoba, vidre Teoriul momzadebas. dasabu-
Tebis uarsayofad SesaZlebelia ar iyos sakmarisi imis mtkiceba, rom es
ar aris marTali, rom praqtikul mecadineobebs didi yuradReba eqce-
va. aseTi kamaTi SesaZlebelia CixSi Sevides. ukeTesi iqneba, Tuki aseT
arguments kidev sxva sust mxares movuZebniT. xSirad, erTi tipis argu-
menti SeiZleba sxva tipis argumentad vaqcioT da msjelobas CvenTvis
sasurveli mimarTuleba mivceT. SemovitanoT sxva logika. magaliTad:
kvalificiuri samedicino kadrebis nakleboba kadrebis sazRvargareT
gadinebiT aris gamowveuli, vinaidan qveyanaSi mZime ekonomikuri viTa-
rebaa, dasaqmebis sakiTxi ki _ problemuri. amas SeiZleba davumatoT,
is rom samedicino fakultetze studentebis ricxvi mcirdeba, vinaidan
swavla xangrZlivia, sabanko sistemaSi ki studentobidanve SeiZleba mu-
Saobis dawyeba, Tanac, es sfero metad anazRaurebadia.
Cven mier ganxiluli argumentebis sisusteebis gaanalizeba daexma-
reba modebateebs, gaiTavison is idea, rom uryevi pozicia ar arse-
bobs. nebismier Zlier arguments SeiZleba movuZebnoT susti mxare
da TamaSi Cvens sasargeblod SemovatrialoT. logikuri Secdomebis
gaazreba gvexmareba, ufro metad davfiqrdeT argumentaciaze, davi-
naxoT aramarto oponentebis sisusteebi, aramed, gaviazroT sakuTa-
ri pozicia, aRmovaCinoT da gamovasworoT Secdomebi.
savarjiSo #10 `vipovoT argumentis susti mxareebi“

1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze gavyoT auditoria sam jgufad. TiTo-
eul jgufs mivceT winaswar gamzadebuli baraTebi, sadac warmodge-
nili iqneba rezolucia, kriteriumi da rezoluciis damamtkicebeli
sami Tezisi (sqema 8). davavaloT jgufebs, aTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi
daasabuTon samive argumenti da Caweron baraTis cariel grafebSi.
2 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze gundebi gacvlian baraTebs da
daupirispirdebian erTmaneTis argumentebs (sqema 9).
60
warmogidgenT savarjiSos SesrulebisTvis saWiro masalebis
magaliTs:
sqema 8
mtkicebiTi pozicia mtkicebiTi poziciis gavrcoba
rezolucia: terorizmi gamarTle- definiciebi:

bulia
kriteriumi: msoflioSi samarTlianobis

principebis damkvidreba
argumentebi
teroristebi ibrZvian TavianTi ufle- (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da
bebisaTvis faqtebiT)
teroristebs ar aqvT sxva alternativa (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da

faqtebiT)
terori miznis miRwevis efeqturi gzaa (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da

faqtebiT)

rezolucia: inglisuri yvelaze mniSvne- definiciebi:
lovani enaa msoflioSi
kriteriumi: komunikabeluri sazoga-
doebis Camoyalibeba
argumentebi
inglisur enaze molaparake adamianTa (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da
raodenoba Zalian didia faqtebiT)
amerikanizaciis procesi gardauvalia (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da

ganviTarebadi erebis kulturaSi faqtebiT)
inglisur enaze Targmnilia msoflio (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da

literaturis 80% faqtebiT)
61
rezolucia: genetikuri klonireba definiciebi:

unda aikrZalos
kriteriumi: jansaRi sazogadoeba
argumentebi
genetikuri klonireba gamoiwvevs (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT
msoflioSi arsebuli wesebisa da da faqtebiT)
moralis rRvevas
klonireba mutaciis mizezi gaxdeba (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT

da faqtebiT)
adamianis klonireba agresiuli sa- (dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT

xelmwifoebis Zlieri iaraRi gaxde- da faqtebiT)
ba
sqema 9.
mtkicebiTi pozicia mtkicebiTi poziciis uaryofa
rezolucia: terorizmi gamarTle- rezoluciis uaryofa:
bulia
definiciebi:
kriteriumi: msoflioSi samarTli- komentarebi kriteriumTan dakavSi-
anobis principebis damkvidreba rebiT:
argumentebi
teroristebi ibrZvian TavianTi argumentis uaryofa
uflebebisaTvis
(dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT
da faqtebiT)
teroristebs ar aqvT sxva alternativa argumentis uaryofa

da faqtebiT)
terori miznis miRwevis efeqturi gzaa argumentis uaryofa

da faqtebiT)
62
rezolucia: inglisuri yvelaze mniSvne- rezoluciis uaryofa:
lovani enaa msoflioSi
definiciebi:
kriteriumi: komunikabeluri sazoga- komentarebi kriteriumTan dakavSirebiT:
doebis Camoyalibeba
argumentebi
inglisur enaze molaparake adamianTa argumentis uaryofa
raodenoba Zalian didia
(dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT da
faqtebiT)
amerikanizaciis procesi gardauvalia argumentis uaryofa

ganviTarebadi erebis kulturaSi
faqtebiT)
inglisur enaze Targmnilia msoflio argumentis uaryofa

literaturis 80%
faqtebiT)

rezolucia: genetikuri klonireba unda rezoluciis uaryofa:
aikrZalos
definiciebi:
kriteriumi: jansaRi sazogadoeba komentarebi kriteriumTan dakavSirebiT:
argumentebi
genetikuri klonireba gamoiwvevs argumentis uaryofa
msoflioSi arsebuli wesebisa da mora-
lis rRvevas
faqtebiT)
klonireba mutaciis mizezi gaxdeba argumentis uaryofa

faqtebiT)
adamianis klonireba agresiuli saxelm- argumentis uaryofa

wifoebis Zlieri iaraRi gaxdeba
faqtebiT)
63
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos Sesrulebis mesame etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli
gaWris baraTebs da daubrunebs gundebs baraTis im nawils, sadac
mtkicebiTi poziciis argumentebi aris gavrcobili. amis Semdeg iwye-
ba TamaSis 3 raundi.
pirveli raundi _ pirveli gundis gamosvla (mtkicebiTi argumente-
bis wardgena) _ 3 wuTi
_ meore gundis gamosvla (dapirispireba pirvel gundTan) _ 3 wuTi
meore raundi _ meore gunds gamosvla (mtkicebiTi argumentebis
wardgena) _ 3 wuTi
_ mesame gundis gamosvla (dapirispireba meore gundTan) _ 3 wuTi
mesame raundi _ mesame gunds gamosvla (mtkicebiTi argumentebis
wardgena) _ 3 wuTi
_ pirveli gundis gamosvla (dapirispireba mesame gundTan) _ 3 wuTi
3 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos damasrulebel etapze, debatebis mwvrTneli Seaja-
mebs samive raunds da ganixilavs TiToeuli argumentis logikur
msjelobaSi daSvebul Secdomebs. aseve, argumentis gabaTilebis
xerxebs, romlebsac mimarTes modebateebma.
am savarjiSos detaluri ganxilva debatebsa da mwvrTnels Soris
diskusiis saxes unda atarebdes da urTierTTanamSromlobis atmosfe-
roSi unda mimdinareobdes. es savarjiSo debatebis teqnikis Seswavlis
procesSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs. debatebis mwvrTnels, Tavi-
si individualuri midgomebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia es savarjiSo
Semdgom gakveTilebzec gaimeoros sxva rezoluciebTan mimarTebaSi.
X gakveTili
uaryofa
• damamtkicebeli masalis uaryofis meTodebi _ 20 wT.
• savarjiSo `davupirispirdeT damamtkicebel masalebs“ 60 _ wT
damamtkicebeli masalis uaryofis meTodebi

argumenti damamtkicebel masalebsa da dasabuTebebze agebuli
daskvnaa. aqedan gamomdinare, faqtebiT mis gamyarebas TamaSis dros
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. karl poperis debatebSi damamt-
kicebeli masala ewodeba faqtebs, statistikur monacemebs, ci-
64
tatebs, cnobil adamianTa gamonaTqvamebs, magaliTebs da sxva saxis
damasabuTebel informacias, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba sakuTar
oponentTa mosazrebebis gabaTileba. formalur debatebSi damamt-
kicebeli masalis arsebobasa da gamoyenebas Zalian didi mniSvneloba
aqvs, radgan nebismieri saxis mtkicebisa da dapirispirebis safuZv-
els swored faqtebi da magaliTebi warmoadgens. aqedan gamomdinare,
uaryofisa da aRdgenis procesis dros aucilebelia argumentebis
gamamyarebeli faqtebis srulfasovani gabaTileba da aRdgena. karl
poperis debatebSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac TamaSis ganmavlobaSi
ZiriTadi kamaTi swored damamtkicebeli masalis garSemo mimdinare-
obs.
meTodebi:
• oponentis faqtebsa da logikur msjelobas Soris ararsebuli
kavSiris damtkiceba;
• damamtkicebeli masalis ùkeTesi~ damamtkicebeli masaliT
uaryofa;
• mowinaaRmdegeTa faqtebis mniSvnelobis daknineba;
• damamtkicebeli masalis ararsebobis damtkiceba;
• faqtebis wyaroebis gamoyeneba gabaTilebaSi.
damamtkicebeli masalis gabaTileba, yvelaze efeqturad logi-

kuri msjelobiT maTi argumentebis Sinaarsis Seusabamobis damt-
kicebaSi mdgomareobs. am SemTxvevaSi, modebateebi amtkiceben, rom
oponentTa mier motanili faqtebi srulebiTac ar asabuTeben, an
piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegebian argumentebSi warmodgenil mosazrebebs.
aseTi uaryofis Sesrulebas Zalian kargad organizebuli logi-
kuri jaWvis Seqmna da misi sisworis damtkiceba dasWirdeba, romlis
drosac mizanSewonilia jvaredini dakiTxvis gamoyeneba.
xSir SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania damamtkicebeli masalis damamt-
kicebeli masaliTve gabaTileba. is pozicia, sadac garkveuli mosaz-
rebis damamtkicebel raime faqts imave azris matarebeli ufro
masStaburi faqti upirispirdeba, sadac oponentTa statistikas
ufro mniSvnelovani statistikuri monacemebi daxvdeba win, sad-
ac mowinaaRmdegeTa mier naTqvam cnobil adamianTa gamonaTqvamebs
ufro cnobili pirovnebis azri gauwevs oponirebas, msajisaTvis up-
iratesi iqneba.
pirveli ori meTodis erTgvar gagrZelebas oponentTa damamt-
kiceblis masalis daknineba warmoadgens. am dros, modebateebi
65
ubralod amtkiceben, rom oponentTa faqtebi, statistika da sxva ar
aris mniSvnelovani masala raimes dasamtkiceblad, rac gamoixateba
maT nakleb masStaburobaSi, dromoWmulobasa Tu sxva saxis mize-
zebSi. am meTodiT, Cven msajs vumtkicebT, rom oponentebi cdilo-
ben aramarTebuli da umniSvnelo faqtebiT dagvimtkicon sakuTari
mosazrebebi.
oponentTa mier Semotanili damamtkicebeli masalis realobis
upirobo ndoba karl poperis debatebis erTierT dauwerel kanons
warmoadgens, Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven bavSvebs vaswavliT
samarTlian TamaSs, arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac modebatebiis
mier motanili faqtebi ar Seesabameba simarTles, rac xSir SemTx-
vevaSi ar warmoadgens winaswar gamiznul tyuils. mowinaaRmdegeTa
msgavsi naklis dafiqsirebis dros, gamomdinare iqidan, rom modeba-
teebi gulmodgined emzadebian TamaSisaTvis da ician rezolucia-
sTan dakavSirebuli sakmaod bevri damamtkicebeli masala, maT Sei-
Zleba daafiqsiron araswori faqtis arsebobac. amisaTvis, bavSvebs
SeuZliaT gamoiyenon faqtebis, wyaroebis (literaturis miTiTebis
CaTvliT) moTxovna da logikuri msjelobiT oponentTa mier war-
modgenili damamtkicebeli masalis absurduloba.
savarjiSo #11 `davupirispirdeT damamtkicebel masalebs“

1 etapi _ 30 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze auditoria unda daiyos eqvs jgufad.
TiToeul jgufs eZleva sami sagazeTo statia, romelic erTsa da
imave Temaze aris dawerili. eqvsive gunds 3 erTnairi statia eqneba.
gundebs eZlevaT mosafiqrebeli dro 30 wuTi, raTa sagazeTo sta-
tiebze dayrdnobiT maT SeZlon Camoayalibon:
1. sadebato rezolucia;
2. logikurad dasabuTebuli sami argumenti;
3. sagazeTo statiebis gamoyenebiT waradginon samive argumentis
Sesabamisi damamtkicebeli masala.
sagazeTo statiebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas am sa-
varjiSos Serulebisas:
1 statia _ `ras vWamT~ _ uxarisxo samamulo produqcia da mowam-
luli importuli sakvebi.
qarTvel momxmarebels qarTuli bazari ZiriTadad araqarTul
produqcias sTavazobs. Tumca, aris bolo dros fexmokidebuli
samamulo warmoebis produqtebic. rogorc irkveva, arc erTis da
arc meoris bolomde ndoba ar SeiZleba, radgan kacma ar icis, es
produqti akrZaluli emulgatoris Semcvelia, genmodificirebuli,
66
Tu sulac antisanitarul saojaxo pirobebSi damzadebuli.
kavSiri `21-e saukune~ gafrTxilebT:
`saqarTvelos samomxmareblo bazari gajerebulia dabalxarisxi-
ani, sakvebad uvargisi, janmrTelobisa da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sicocx-
lisaTvis saSiSi sakvebi produqciiT~, _ am gafrTxilebis safuZvels
kavSiri `21-e saukunis~ erT-erTi warmomadgeneli, paata gaCeCilaZe
ganmartavs: `kvlevam gamoavlina iseTi produqcia, romelsac ar
hqonda qarTulenovani etiketi (rac kanoniT aris dadgenili), ar
gaaCnda Sesabamisobis serTifikati (dasturi, rom produqcia labo-
ratoriulad Semowmebulia), romlis Senaxvis pirobebi iyo darRveu-
li da, rac mTavaria, iyo vadagasuli.
qalaqis sami bazris _ vagzlis, didubisa da navTluRis terito-
riaze daaxloebiT 30-ze meti produqti Semowmda, romelTagan mx-
olod 13 procents hqonda Sesabamisobis sertifikati. gamyidvelebis
pasuxi martivi iyo _ àra gvaqvs~. zogma ki saerTod araferi icoda
amgvari dokumentis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. produqciis 13 procen-
ti dadgenili normebis darRveviT iyideboda _ Ria cis qveS, anti-
sanitarul pirobebSi. magaliTad: qaTmis barklebi, lobio, xatebi
da saburavebi erTsa da imave daxlze ewyo. qarTulenovani etiketi
hqonda produqciis mxolod 20 procents. danarCenebze ki qarTule-
novani patara `stikeri~ iyo mikruli. produqciis 27 procenti an
vadagasuli iyo, an saerTod ar hqonda miTiTebuli msgavsi informa-
cia. Tumca, Ria cisqveS dalagebuli produqti mainc warmatebulad
iyideboda.
2 statia _ qarTuli warmoeba ZiriTadad uxarisxo importul
nedleuls iyenebs.
qarTul bazarze, aseve, naxavT Saqars, romelsac aseTi misamarTi
amSvenebs _ `didubis mimdebare teritoria~, anu Zalian didi Zal-
isxmeva dasWirdeba imas, vinc am sawarmos moZebnas Seecdeba.
Tumca, es ukanaskneli patara lafsusia imasTan SedarebiT, Tu
produqtSi, Tan kargad reklamirebulSi, ucxo sxeuls aRmoaCenen.
magaliTad `21-e saukunis~ ofisSi dResac devs cqriala Rvino `same-
fo~ (SesaZoa, falsificirebuli), romelSic ferflismagvari Savi
nawilakebi dacuravs. rogorc eqspertebi varaudoben, es, sauke-
Teso SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa boTlis gaurecxaobis, an arasakmarisad
garecxvis Sedegi iyos.
bolo dros, adgilobrivi produqciisadmi xalxSi gaCenili ndo-
bac, Tu aRniSnuli kvlevis avtorebs movusmenT, eWvis qveS dgeba.
maTi TqmiT, bevri qarTveli mewarme, mogebis mizniT, adgilobriv
nedleuls saerTod ar iyenebs da magaliTad, Zexvis warmoebaSi
67
gayinul, indoeTidan an braziliidan Semosul xorcs iyenebs. iaf-
fasian nedleulze damzadebuli produqcia xarisxsac Sesabamisad
kargavs. ànu samamulo produqciis mTavari nakli aris is, rom misi
etiketi ar Seesabameba misive SigTavsis Sinaarss. arc is aris swori,
ekologiurad sufTa rom aweria produqts, radgan ek. sufTa niSnavs
imas, rom miwa, sadac modis esa Tu is nedleuli, dasvenebulia, Ta-
vad produqcia ki danamatebs ar Seicavs~, _ ambobs am sferoSi ukve
garkveuli paata gaCeCilaZe.
paata gaCeCilaZe: `Sokoladi `luna~, magaliTad, TiTqos kargia,
magram aRmoCnda, rom mas ar gaaCnia arc vada, arc etiketi da bevr
adgilas misi Senaxvis pirobebic darRveulia. aq erTi saintereso
momentia _ qarTulma produqtma SeiZleba maSinve mogwamlos, rac im
wuTSi gamomJRavndeba, ucxourma ki araferi dagizianos im momentSi,
magram sakmaod uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdinos organizmze. aris dau-
dasturebeli informacia, rom bavSvTa kveba `maliSis~ garkveul par-
tiaSi aRmoCnda sokos forebi, ramdenime saxis eqspertiza Catarda
da, ramdenadac vici, axla saboloo pasuxs elodebian.
magaliTad, karaqze SemiZlia vTqva, rom normaluri karaqi rasac
hqvia, saqarTveloSi ar iyideba. wesiT, masSi 70%-ze meti cxoveluri
cximi unda Sediodes, roca CvenTan, praqtikulad, margarini iyideba.
saintereso detali _ margarin `vitams~ Tu daxedavT, zed waikiTxavT
absoluturad absurdul warweras, rom is `damzadebulia TurqeTis
soflis meurneobisa da miwaTmoqmedebis saministros mier 1997 wlis
28 oqtombers gacemuli 24465 nebarTvis Sesabamisad~! ra gamosca
TurqeTis raRac saministrom? ratom unda iyos es CemTvis sando
informacia?~
3 statia _ importuli saWmeli _ nagavi

paata gaCeCilaZe imeorebs gavrcelebul informacias imis Sesax-
eb, rom TurqeTSi Camofasebul da vadagasul produqcias sxvadasxva
gziT qarTvelebi dRemde yiduloben, xelaxal dafasoebas ukeTeben
da saqarTveloSi yidian. TurqeTis garda, saqarTvelos iseTi qveyne-
bi amarageben, rogoricaa ruseTi, irani, bulgareTi. maT Soris,
saqarTveloSi SedarebiT sando rusul produqciasac, rogorc aR-
moCnda, araerTi nakli aqvs. magaliTad, araJani àlpiskoe~, romel-
Sic arcTu didi xnis win Cxirebi aRmoaCines, swored CrdiloeT
kavkasiaSia warmoebuli da is dRes mainc iyideba qarTul bazarze.
im produqtebis mcire CamonaTvali ki, romelTa Semowmebis Sem-
deg cnobili gaxda, rom maTi savaWro qselSi arseboba, ramdenime
mizezis gamo, Seumowmeblad ar SeiZleba, ase gamoiyureba: yava èld-
orado~, romelic warmatebulad iyideboda navTluRis bazris teri-
68
toriaze; mwarmoebeli _ saqarTvelo; Sesabamisobis serTifikati ar
gaaCnia; vada miTiTebulia, qarTulenovani etiketi aqvs, magram dar-
Rveulia realizaciis pirobebi da iyideba antisanitariaSi.
aseve, orcxobila `tviqsi~, krekeri èskape~, Sokoladi `lubim-
ka~, wveni `santali~, Sokoladi `nusi~, yveli `vesiolaia burion-
ka~, saqarTveloSi warmoebuli wiwibura da dafasoebuli brinji,
Sokoladi `rosiiskaia pelka~, Cai `finali~ (mwarmoebeli azerbaija-
ni), biskviti `kremali~. . .
arada, amis gamakontrolebeli samsaxurebi saqarTveloSi mrav-
lad arsebobs. Tu maT sakuTari iniciativiT amave sakiTxze momuSave
arasamTavroeboebsac mivumatebT, problemis gadamwyvet Tu ara, maT
Semswavlel sakmaod grZel jaWvs miviRebT. Tumca, rogorc Cans,
sadRac es jaWvi an gawyvetilia, an Zalian SeTxelebuli, radgan qvey-
ana dRemde ikvebeba, rbilad rom vTqvaT, Camowerili produqciiT.
paradoqsia, magram qarTuli kuWi amas jerjerobiT uZlebs. . . erTi
SexedviT.
2 etapi _ 30 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze TiToeuli gundi, xuTi wuTis ganma-
vlobaSi waradgens Tavis pozicias. TviTonve akeTebs komentarebs,
sakuTari argumentebis damamtkicebel masalebTan mimarTebaSi. am
komentarebSi, momxseneblebma Tavad unda aRniSnon, ra savaraudo
xerxs mimarTavs oponenti gundi, maT mier moyvanili damamtkicebeli
masalebis uarsayofad.
XI gakveTili
jvaredini dakiTxva
• jvaredini dakiTxvis miznebi _ 20 wT.
• jvaredini dakiTxvis formebi _ 15wT.
• savarjiSo `rogor gamoviyenoT jvaredini dakiTxva~? _ 30wT.
jvaredini dakiTxvis miznebi

TamaSis struqturis gacnobisas, debatebis mwvrTneli audito-
riis yuradRebas amaxvilebs iseTi specifikuri proceduris arsebo-
baze, rogoricaa jvaredini dakiTxva. gundebis mier kiTxvebis dasma
momxseneblis yoveli gamosvlis Semdeg iwyeba da sami wuTis ganmav-
lobaSi grZeldeba. mesame momxseneblebi karl poperis saxelobis de-
69
batebSi TamaSis Sejamebas axdenen da, Sesabamisad, maT mimarT kiTx-
vebis dasma TamaSis msvlelobaze aRar moqmedebs. amitom, jvaredini
dakiTxva mxolod pirveli oTxi moxsenebis Semdgom xorcieldeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom jvaredini dakiTxvis forma mxolod kiTxva-
pasuxisagan Sedgeba. TamaSis ganrigi winaswar gansazRvravs im mo-
debateebs, romlebic monawileoben TiToeul jvaredin dakiTxvaSi.
jvaredini dakiTxvis Sedegad miRebul sasurvel pasuxs aucileblad
iyenebs yoveli Semdegi gamomsvleli.
jvaredini dakiTxvis ZiriTadi principebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
• Tavidan aviciloT SekamaTeba;
• nu gavakeTebT daskvnebs;
• nu viCxubebT da SevinarCunoT simSvide.
jvaredini dakiTxva kiTxvebi dasmis droa da ara SekamaTebis.

Tqven cdilobT, moipovoT Tqvni gamosvlisaTvis saWiro infor-
macia. amitom nu SeecdebiT es dro raime azris dasamtkiceblad
gamoiyenoT. es, ubralod drois fuWi xarjvaa. amasTanave, jvaredi-
ni dakiTxvis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
misi Sedegebis gamoyeneba aucileblad Semdeg gamosvlaSi unda iqnas
gamoyenebuli, risi arSesrulebac did xarvezad iTvleba. amitom,
rodesac respondentisagan sasurvel pasuxs miiRebT, nu gausvamT
mas xazs da nu gaakeTebT daskvnas msajisaTvis. mTlianad debatebi,
rogorc gunduri TamaSi, gamoirCeva modebateebis mxridan uaRresad
zrdilobiani, taqtiani da mSvidi qceviT, rac moTamaSeTa TviTdar-
wmunebulobasa da organizebulobaze metyvelebs. am mxriv, gamonak-
liss arc jvaredini dakiTxva warmoadgens. Tqven gWirdebaT pasuxebi
da am procesisaTvis gankuTvnili drois maqsimalurad gamoyenebas
cdilobT, amitom nu miitanT ìeriSs~ oponentze da, Tu sasurvel
pasuxs ver miiRebT, nu gamarTavT Cxubs. es dros dagakargvinebT da,
garda amisa, uaryofiTad imoqmedebs Tqvens personalur qulebze.
Tu saWiroa, jvaredini dakiTxvis garkveuli periodi unda mox-
mardes oponentTa argumentebisa da poziciis dadgenas. xSirad xde-
ba ise, rom modebateebi mTlianad ver adevneben Tvals erTmaneTis
gamosvlebs da ver axerxeben yvelafris Caweras. amis gamosworeba
SeiZleba martivi kiTxvebiT: `Tu SeiZleba gagvimeoreT Tqveni II ar-
gumenti~, an `dagvizusteT, Tu SeiZleba, rodis da sad moxda I argu-
mentSi dasaxelebuli faqti~?
jvaredin dakiTxvas, rogorc debatebis Semadgenel erT-erT
ZiriTad nawils, uaryofis saqmeSi didi adgili uWiravs. uaryofis
mTeli taqtika da misi Semdgomi ganviTareba swored jvaredin dak-
iTxvas emyareba, radganac is win uZRvis TiToeul gamosvlas. gundma
70
winaswar icis, Tu romel mxares warimarTeba da ra saxis iqneba uary-
ofa. aqedan gamomdinare, swored jvaredini dakiTxvis dros SeiZleba
imis gageba, daaxloebiT mainc, Tu rogori saxis jvaredini dakiTxva
moaxdens ufro karg efeqts, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu risTvis ar ar-
ian oponentebi mzad. am dros SegviZlia Cven mier arCeuli uaryofis
taqtikis susti mxareebis danaxva. amasTan erTad, kiTxvebis gamoyen-
eba Zalzed efeqturia imisaTvis, rom susti wertilebi movunaxoT
oponentebis, erTi SexedviT, gaubaTilebel argumentebs. analogi-
uri kuTxiT SeiZleba jvaredini dakiTxvis gamoyeneba aRdgenis dros.
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros miRebuli sasurveli pasuxebis gamoy-
eneba Zalzed efeqturia TamaSis analizis dros, radgan oponentTa
gamonaTqvamebiT SejaxebebSi sakuTari gundis upiratesobebis damt-
kiceba damatebiT damarwmuneblobas sZens mosazrebebs.
jvaredini dakiTxvis formebi

saintereso ganxilvis sagania jvaredini dakiTxvis sxvadasxva
meTodebi, romlebic xSirad gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs sasurveli
pasuxis miRebaSi. amitom, SekiTxvebis dasmis strategiis kargad cod-
nas modebateebisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
imis gamo, rom modebate gundebma winaswar ician rezolucia da
daaxloebiT mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebic, SesaZlebeli xdeba zo-
gierTi kiTxvis TamaSamde SemuSaveba. winaswar momzadebuli kiTxvebi
SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: sakuTari poziciis gasamyarebeli da
oponentTa qeisis gasabaTilebeli. aqedan didi nawili swored saku-
Tari poziciis gansamtkicebel kiTxvebze modis, radgan TamaSamde
mainc Znelia mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebis gamocnoba. Tumca, saku-
Tari qeisi xSirad kontrargumentebis saxiTac moixmareba da amitom
jvaredini dakiTxvis pasuxebiT maTi gamyareba oponentTa poziciaze
Setevasac niSnavs.
mowinaaRmdegis argumentebis winaswar arcodnis gamo, jvaredini
dakiTxvis monawile modebateebs, uwevT daugegmavi kiTvxebis dasma,
romelTa SemuSaveba uSualod TamaSis dros, mosamzadebeli drois
ganmavlobaSi xdeba. swored, spontanuri kiTxvebiT aris SesaZlebeli
mowinaaRmdege gundis Znelad gasabaTilebeli mosazrebebis dasus-
teba Semdegi uaryofis mizniT.
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros, gacilebiT ufro efeqturia sasurveli
Sedegis ara erTi, aramed, ramdenime kiTxviT miRweva. es sxvadasxva miz-
eziT aris gamowveuli. jer erTi, ase nabij-nabij Sedegis miRweva msajze
did gavlenas axdens, radgan uCvenebs mas gundis momzadebis xarisxs. amis
garda, asi SemTxvevidan asjer arasasurveli pasuxi miiReba, Tu SekiTxva
71
pirdapir daismeba. xolo Tu miznis miRweva iwyeba TiTqosda ubralo, ab-
soluturad umniSvnelo kiTxvebiT, oponenti verc ki gaigebs, ucbad ise
aRmoCndeba CixSi da winaaRdegobaSi sakuTar poziciasTan.
formalur debatebSi gvxvdeba ori saxis kiTxva: Ria, romelic
oponentisagan raimes axsnas da aRweras moiTxovs; miznobrivi (daxu-
ruli) anu faqtobrivi, romelic mxolod konkretuli pasuxis (diax
an ara) gacemas gulisxmobs. Tu Ria kiTxva daismis, yovelTvis ig-
ulisxmeba, rom gamocdili modebate amas drois gasayvanad gamoi-
yenebs. xolo daxuruli kiTxvebis gamoyeneba SekiTxvebis damsmel
spikers situaciis kontrolis karg saSualebas aZlevs.
savarjiSo #12 `rogor gamoviyenoT jvaredini dakiTxva~

1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze davyoT auditoria mcire jgufebad da
davavaloT 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Cven mier winaswar momzadebul
rezoluciasTan da argumentebTan mimarTebaSi SeimuSaon 5-5 kiTxva.
warmogidgenT ramdenime nimuSs:
mtkicebiTi pozicia jvaredini dakiTxvis momzadeba
rezolucia: did qalaqSi cxovrebas

patara sofelSi cxovreba sjobs
kriteriumi: jansaRi sazogadoeba
- didi qalaqi epidemiebis 1. kiTxva

budea 2. kiTxva
3. kiTxva
4. kiTxva
5. kiTxva
- sofelSi ufro kargi 6. kiTxva
ekologiuri mdgomareo- 7. kiTxva
baa 8. kiTxva
9. kiTxva
10. kiTxva
- soflis mosaxleobas So- 11. kiTxva
ris naklebia depresiiT 12. kiTxva
daavadebulTa ricxvi 13. kiTxva
14. kiTxva
15. kiTxva
72
2 mtkicebiTi pozicia jvaredini dakiTxvis momzadeba
rezolucia: televizia zianis mom-
tania
kriteriumi: janmrTeli momavali
Taoba
- televizori janmrTelobisaTvis 1. kiTxva

mavnebelia 2. kiTxva
3. kiTxva
4. kiTxva
5. kiTxva
- televizia xes uwyobs mozardeb- 6. kiTxva
Si Zaladobis gaRvivebas 7. kiTxva
8. kiTxva
9. kiTxva
10. kiTxva
- televizia momaval Taobas pasi- 11. kiTxva
ur cxovrebas aCvevs 12. kiTxva
13. kiTxva
14. kiTxva
15. kiTxva
mtkicebiTi pozicia jvaredini dakiTxvis momzadeba
rezolucia: saqarTveloSi Tor-

metwliani swavleba gamarTlebulia
kriteriumi: srulfasovani
pirovnebis Camoyalibeba
- Tormetwliani swavleba xels 1. kiTxva

uwyobs codnis ganmtkicebas 2. kiTxva
3. kiTxva
4. kiTxva
5. kiTxva
- Tormetwliani swavleba dasav- 6. kiTxva
luri standartia 7. kiTxva
8. kiTxva
9. kiTxva
10. kiTxva
- Tormetwliani swavleba xels uw- 11. kiTxva
yobs proforientacias 12. kiTxva
13. kiTxva
14. kiTxva
15. kiTxva
73
2 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze, TiToeuli gundi waradgens argumen-
tebs da im 5 kiTxvas, romlebic TiToeul argumentTan dakavSirebiT
moifiqra. danarCeni gundebis wevrebi ki Caiweren am kiTxvebs.
amis Semdeg, gundebs kvlav miecemaT mosafiqrebeli dro 10 wuTi,
raTa maT Seafason dasmuli kiTxvebi.
3 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze, TiToeuli gundi gaakeTebs komentars
da daasabuTebs, ramdenad Rirebuli da adekvaturi iyo mowinaaRmde-
geebis mier mofiqrebuli kiTxvebi rezoluciasTan da argumentebTan
mimarTebaSi. TiToeuli gundis gamosvlis Semdeg debatebis mwvrT-
neli gaakeTebs mcire komentarebs.
XII gakveTili
argumentaciis aRdgena
• poziciis aRdgena _ 20 wT.
• pirdapiri aRdgena _ 15 wT.
• savarjiSo `pirdapiri aRdgena~ _ 70 wT.
poziciis aRdgena
karl poperis debatebSi uaryofasTan erTad modebate gundeb-
is umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens poziciis aRdgena. Cvens
saxelmZRvaneloSi gabaTilebis SemTxvevebs ZiriTadad uarmyofeli
gundis magaliTebze ganvixilavT. axla aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT,
ZiriTadad, mtkicebiT poziciaze gveqneba saubari.
mas Semdeg, rac dawvrilebiT ganvixileT uaryofis meTodebi da
samizneebi, ufro gagviadvildeba aRdgenis damaxasiaTebel niSnebze
saubari. aRdgena araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gavigoT, rogorc
axali argumentis Semotana. aRdgena unda movaxdinoT mxolod da mx-
olod pirveli momxseneblis mier warmodgenil argumentebTan mima-
rTebaSi. aRdgena aris sawyisi argumentebis gaRrmaveba logikuri
msjelobiT da axali, kidev ufro Zlieri da damajerebeli faqtebis
SemotaniT. aRdgenis dros mtkicebiTi gundi Tavidan ayalibebs saw-
yis arguments da aRrmavebs mas uaryofasTan mimarTebaSi. aRdgenis
strategia damokidebulia uarmyofeli gundis mier wamoyenebul
kontrargumentebze, logikur msjelobasa da kontrfaqtebze. mt-
kicebiTi gundi yuradRebiT unda usmendes da Canaweris saxiT afiq-
sirebdes yvela im ares, sadac moxda dapirispireba. Semdeg ki aR-
dgeniTi gamosvlis dros ganixilos yvela is punqti da are, razec
74
moxda dapirispireba, e.w. Sejaxeba. termini Sejaxeba xSirad gvxvdeba
debatebSi uaryofasa da aRdgenasTan mimarTebaSi. Sejaxeba debateb-
is ZiriTadi aspeqtia. gundebis TamaSic uaryofisa da aRdgenis dros
swored azrTa uSualo dapirispirebebis warmoqmnas anu Sejaxebis
areebis Seqmnas emsaxureba. rac ufro metia da mZafria Sejaxebis are
TamaSis dros, miT ufro sainteresoa debati.
axalbeda modebateebi aRdgenis mizans xSirad arasworad igeben
da warmoudgeniaT, rom mtkicebiTi gundis warmomadgenelma mxolod
da mxolod unda ganavrcos da gaamdidros axali faqtebiT ukve war-
moTqmuli pozicia. aseTi midgoma mcdaria da msaji mas maRal Sefasebas
ar miscems. warmatebulia mxolod is argumentebi, romlebic Tavidan
aris Camoyalibebuli, ukve momxdari gabaTilebis Sinaarsidan gamomdi-
nare. aRdgenis formula Semdegi saxiT SegviZlia warmovadginoT:
• uaryofis uaryofa
• gabaTilebis gabaTileba
aqedan gamomdinare, aRdgena arc ise rTuli procesia. debateb-
is mwvrTnelma kargad unda auxsnas Tavis moswavleebs, rom TamaSis
dros modebateebma unda daamtkicon yovelive imis mcdaroba, rac
iTqva maTi argumentis gabaTilebis dros.
pirdapiri aRdgena
pirdapiri aRdgena pirdapiri uaryofis analogiuria da rogorc
wesi, am saxis gabaTilebis sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyeneba. Tumca, aq
erTi gansxvaveba mainc aris. mtkicebiT mxares uwevs aramarto Ta-
visi argumentebis aRdgena, aramed, uarmyofeli gundis mier wamoyen-
ebuli argumentebis uaryofac. mtkicebiTi mxaris TamaSis strategia
mimarTulia rogorc sakuTari poziciis sruli aRdgenisaken, aseve
uarmyofeli gundis argumentebis sruli gabaTilebisaken.
mtkicebiTi mxaris gundis gamosvla xSirad iwyeba sityvebiT _
`Cvenma oponentebma ver gaiges Cveni argumentis arsi~, an òponen-
tebma Cveni argumentis sruliad sxva interpretacia warmoadgines,
rac ar Seefereba simarTles~, an òponentebma kargad ver moismines
Cveni argumentis ZiriTadi xazi da arasworad gaiges is~. es frazebi
swored pirdapiri aRdgenis dros gamoiyeneba.
imisaTvis, rom aviTvisoT pirdapiri aRdgenis teqnika, warmogid-
genT savarjiSos:
savarjiSo # 13 `pirdapiri aRdgena~

1 etapi _ 30 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze davyoT auditoria 6 jgufad da da-

vurigoT sqema 5-is ganviTarebuli varianti, sadac warmodgenilia
75
sadebato rezoluciis damamtkicebeli 3 argumenti da maTi Sesa-
bamisi 5-5 kontrargumenti. davavaloT gundebs, 30 wuTis ganmavlo-
baSi aRadginon samive argumenti, sqemaze mocemuli uarmyofeli kon-
trargumentebidan gamomdinare.
sqema 11.
1 argumenti _ did qalaqSi viRebT ufro karg ganaTlebas.
kontrargumentebi argumentis aRdgena
kontrargumenti _ patara soflis 1.

skolebSi ufro mcirericxovani
klasebia, amitom maswavlebels aqvs
saSualeba, individualurad miud-
ges moswavleebs.
2.
kontrargumenti _ sofelSi sabu-
nebismetyvelo sagnebis swavleba
gaadvilebulia, vinaidan sofelSi
mcxovreb moswavleebs uSualo Sexe-
ba aqvs bunebasTan.
3.
soflebSi sSualo skolebSi swavlis
xarisxi maRalia, razec metyvelebs
moswavleTa Sedegebi konkursebsa
da misaReb gamocdebze.
soflis macxovreblis ganaTlebis 4.

miReba xdeba mizanmimarTulad so-
flis meurneobisa da veterenaruli
mimarTulebiT da harmoniaSia mis
cxovrebasTan.
soflis macxovrebels SeuZlia 5.

umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRos qa-
laqSi, xolo icxovros sofelSi.
Tanamedrove teqnologiebi iZleva
distanciuri ganaTlebis saSuale-
bas.
76
2 argumenti _ did qalaqSi adamianis janmrTeloba ufro daculia, vinaid-
an samedicino momsaxureba ufro kvalificiuria.
kontrargumenti _ patara sofelSi

ufro jansaRia ekologiuri garemo.
mosaxleoba sufTa haers sunTqavs
da naturaluri produqtiT ikvebe-
ba. amitomac adamianTa janmrTelo-
ba ufro metad aris daculi, vidre
didi qalaqebis mosaxleobis janmr-
Teloba. didi qalaqebis macxovre-
blebi ufro metad arian epidemiebis
gavrcelebis safrTxis qveS.
kontrargumenti _ sofelSi adamia-

ni axlosaa bunebasTan da naklebia
stresuli situaciebi, amitomac
adamianTa janmrTeloba ufro da-
culia.
soflebSi aris ambulatoriebi, sa-

dac kvalificiur eqimebs SeuZliaT
gauwion avadmyofebs saWiro pirve-
ladi samedicino daxmareba.
soflis macxovreblebma qalaqebis

macxovreblebTan SedarebiT metad
ician aratradiciuli mkurnalobis
meTodebis gamoyeneba. balaxeulo-
biT da naturaluri produqtebiT
mkurnalobis meTodebs tradiciuli
medicinac aqtiurad iyenebs.
soflis macxovrebels SeuZlia

janmrTelobis gauaresebis SemTxve-
vaSi gaemgzavros qalaqSi samkurna-
lod.
77
3 argumenti _ didi qalaqebi rogorc teqnikuri, aseve, kulturuli gan-
viTarebis centrebia. adamianebs meti saSualeba aqvT, monawileoba miiRon
kulturul da sazogadoebriv RonisZiebebSi.

kontrargumenti _ patara soflebSi
ganviTarebulia gamoyenebiTi xelovne-
bis dargebi: rewva, qsova, gobeleni
Teqa, rac kulturuli memkvidreobis
SenarCunebas uwyobs xels.
kontrargumenti _ qarTuli lite-

raturis Sedevrebi umTavresad pa-
tara soflebSi aris Seqmnili.
sofelSi ganviTarda da SenarCunda
xalxuri zepirsityviereba da poe-
zia, aseve xalxuri folklori.
sofelSi tardeba cnobili Tea-
traluri dasebis gastrolebi, ase-
ve koncertebi da festivalebi. ase
rom, soflis mosaxleobasac aqvs
saSualeba monawileoba miiRos kul-
turul da sazogadoebriv RoniZie-
bebSi, Tanamedrove sainformacio
saSualebebidan ki soflis mosaxle-
obas SeuZlia Tvalyuri adevnos
msoflio kulturul miRwevebs.
turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-
siT _ sofels meti saSualebebi aqvs
vidre qalaqs. amitom kuTxisTvis da-
maxasiaTebeli kolorituli xelobebi
aramarto mimzidvels xdis sofels,
aramed erovnuli kulturis ganviTa-
rebis pirobasac warmoadgens.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze, yvela gundis erTi warmomadgeneli
gamova 5 wuTiani moxsenebiT, sadac waradgens gundis mier mofiqre-
bul pozicias da aRadgens mocemul argumentebs.
3 etapi 20 _ wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze debatebis mwvrTneli sakuTari Canaw-
erebis safuZvelze gaakeTebs komentarebs. mwvrTneli Seafasebs or
punqts: 1. aRadgines Tu ara gundebma samive argumenti? ( Seexnen Tu
ara xuTive kontrarguments) 2. ramdenad logikuri iyo aRdgena da
Sinaarsobrivad exmianeboda Tu ara kontrargumentebs.
78
momxsenebelTa pasuxismgeblobebi
XIII gakveTili
• I mtkicebiTi, I uarmyofeli da II mtkicebiTi momxseneblebis
gamosvlebi _ 20 wT.
• II uarmyofeli, III mtkicebiTi da III uamryofeli momxseneblebis
gamosvla _ 20 wT.
I mtkicebiTi, I uarmyofeli da II mtkicebiTi momxseneblebis ga-

mosvlebi
karl poperis debatebSi gamarjvebisaTvis mniSvneloba aqvs ara-
marto imas, Tu ramdenad kargi pozicia moamzada ama Tu im gundma,
aramed imasac, Tu rogor SeZlo man am poziciis Camoyalibeba da dac-
va mowinaaRmdegis qeisis uaryofis fonze. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom
debatebi gunduri TamaSia. amitom gundis TiToeul wevrs garkveuli
pasuxismgebloba akisria, rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom igi mkacrad gan-
sazRvrul funqciebs asrulebs, romelTa Seusruleblobas an are-
vas, rogorc wesi, gundi damarcxebisaken mihyavs.
I mtkicebiTi momxseneblis gamosvla mniSvnelovania, radgan am
dros unda moxdes mtkicebiTi gundis mier momzadebuli pozici-
is saTanado doneze wardgena. I uarmyofeli momxsenebeli pirveli
warmoadgens uarmyofeli gundis gabaTilebas da, agreTve, sakuTar
argumentacias. II mtkicebiTi momxseneblis gamosvlaSi ZiriTadi dat-
virTva sakuTari qeisis dacvasa da gamravalferovnebaze modis, ma-
gram man, aseve, ar unda daiviwyos uarmyofeli gundis poziciis gaba-
Tileba.
79
Canaweris furclis nimuSi:
1 mtkicebiTi (6 wT) 1 uarmyofeli (6 wT) 2 mtkicebiTi (5 wT)
rezoluciaze Tanx- uaryofa Tanxmoba, poziciis Ta-

moba; vidan dadastureba,
dasturi an alterna- alternetiulis ua-
rezoluciis ter- tiulis SeTavazeba ryofa, sakuTaris
minebis gansazRvra dadastureba
(definiciebi); Tanxmoba an uaryofa
aRdgena, Tavidan
miznis dasaxva (krit- mtkicebiT poziciasTan damtkiceba
eriumi); dapirispireba:
mtkicebiTi poziciis
mtkicebiTi poziciis uaryofa aRdgena, gamyareba:
Camoyalibeba:
aRdgena, gavrcoba, ua-
I argumenti: uaryofa ryofilis uaryofa,
(gavrcoba) damamtkicebeli masa-
la.
II argumenti: uaryofa aRdgena, gavrcoba, ua-
(gavrcoba) ryofilis uaryofa,
uarmyofeli poziciis damamtkicebeli masa-
III argumenti: Camoyalibeba: la.
(gavrcoba) alternatiuli miz- aRdgena, gavrcoba,
nis dasaxva (uaryofis
daskvna. SemTxvevaSi); uaryofilis uaryofa,
damamtkicebeli masa-
I argumenti: la.
(gavrcoba) jvaredini dakiTxvis
gamoyeneba.
II argumenti: poziciis uaryofa
(gavrcoba)
jvaredini dakiTxvis uaryofa, gabaTileba
gamoyeneba
daskvna
uaryofa
uaryofa
80
II uarmyofeli, III mtkicebiTi da III uarmyofeli momxsen-
eblebis gamosvla
II uarmyofeli momxseneblis gamosvla Zalzed mniSvnelovania,

radgan am dros mTavrdeba kamaTi karl poperis debatebSi, sadac
unda gamoCndes uarmyofeli gundis upiratesoba. III mtkicebiTi
gamomsvlelis moxseneba TamaSSi pirveli analiziTaa gamorCeuli,
romelSic, ra Tqma unda, mtkicebiTi gundis gamarjveba unda iqnas
dasabuTebuli Sejaxebebis warmodgenisa da maTi detaluri ganxilvis
gziT. III uarmyofeli momxsenebeli unda daupirispirdes winamorbedi
gamomsvlelis analizs da unda daamtkicos sakuTari gundis udavo
upiratesoba.
Canaweris furclis nimuSi:
2 uarmyofeli (5wT) 3 mtkicebiTi (5wT) 3 uarmyofeli (5wT)

dapirispireba rezoluciaze Tanxmoba; rezoluciis uaryofa
alternatiuli definicie- mtkicebiTi kriteriumis uarmyofeli kriteriumis

bis sabolood garkveva Rirebulebis damtkiceba Rirebulebis damtkiceba.
dapirispireba an Tanxmoba Sejaxebebis warmodgena dapirispireba, damatebiTi

da ganxilva Sejaxebebis warmodgena da
mtkicebiTi poziciis Tavi- ganxilva
dan gabaTileba: mtkicebiTi poziciis upi- uarmyofeli poziciis
ratesobis Cveneba: upiratesobis Cveneba
uaryofa,
faqtebis uaryofa, al- argumentebis awon-dawonva argumentebis awon-dawonva
ternatiulis moyvana
uaryofa, damamtkicebeli faqtebis damamtkicebeli faqte-
faqtebis uaryofa, al- awon-dawonva da maTi bis awon-dawonva da maTi
ternatiulis moyvana Sedareba uarmyofelis Sedareba mtkicebiTis
uaryofa, faqtebTan faqtebTan
faqtebis uaryofa, al-
ternatiulis moyvana TiToeuli argumentis TiToeuli argumentis
jvaredini dakiTxvis gamo- upiratesobis axsna gabaTilebis damtkiceba
yeneba jvaredini dakiTxvis
poziciis aRdgena ganxilva, misi efeqturad jvaredini dakiTxvis
gamoyenebis Cveneba ganxilva, misi efeqturad
miznis Tavidan damtkice- gamoyenebis Cveneba
ba, aRdgena TiToeuli argumentis
gabaTilebis damtkiceba TiToeuli argumentis
upiratesobis axsna
aRdgena, gavrcoba, poziciis damadasture-
damamtkicebeli masala beli faqtebis moyvana poziciis damadasturebe-
li faqtebis moyvana
saboloo daskvna
aRdgena, gavrcoba, saboloo daskvna
damamtkicebeli masala
81
OI mtk. I uarmy. II mtk. II uarmy. III mtk. III uarmy.
rezolucia: masmediis rezolucia: ar veTanxme- rezolucia: masmediis I Sejaxeba: sensaciebi pirad cxovrebaSi Care-
cenzura gamarTlebulia bi, rom _ masmediis cen- cenzura gamarTlebulia televiziaSi sensaci- vis ufleba aravis aqvs.
82
deifiniciebi: zura gamarTlebulia is povnis gamo mediiT amas arc Cveni gundi ua-
masmedia _ masobrivi veTanxmebiTY xSirad vrceldeba ci- ryofs. magram ciliswa-
sainformacio saSuale- lismwamebluri infor- meba ar niSnavs pirad
bebi: radio, televizia, macia. am ideas Cveni cxovrebaSi Carevas. es
presa veTanxmebiT oponentebi pasuxoben an Segnebuli an uneblie
cenzura _ saxelmwifo im mTavari mosazrebiT, damaxinjebaa informa-
kontroli veTanxmebiT rom yvelaferi unda ciis. amis garda, pirad
gamarTlebulia _ misaRe- iyos cnobili, arsebobs cxovrebas icavs da ci-
bia, Sedegiania veTanxmebiT, magram yvela cnobil adamians Tmenis valdebuleba da liswamebisagan dacvas
kr. _ sazogadoebis ke- sxva gzebiT mivalT am da saxelmwifo moRvawes sasamarTloSi SeiZleba uzrunvelhofs kanoni.
TildReoba miznamde pirad cxovrebaSi Cau- gaaCnia Tmenis valde- uflebebis dacva. amaze amisaTvis ar aris saWi-
I arg. cenzura ebrZvis revloba garantirebu- buleba sazogadoebis pasuxi martivia _ pirad ro cenzuris arseboba.
ciliswamebis gavrce- mosaxleobas aqvs ufle- lia adamianis uflebaTa interesis winaSe. sa- cxovrebaSi Caurevloba rodesac ar arsebobs
lebas ba, hqondes amomwuravi sayovelTao deklaraci- samarTloTi zaralis garantirebulia da Tme- saWiroeba, ar unda iqnas
(sensaciis povnis gamo informacia nebismieri iT. sasamarTlo procesi anazRaureba ki miRebu- nis valdebuleba ara- SemoRebuli kontrolis
mediiT xSirad vrcelde- aqtualuri sakiTxis ki ver aanazRaurebs ukve li praqtikaa fer SuaSia. sasamarTlo damatebiTi meqanizmebi.
ba cilismwamebluri in- garSemo. ciliswamebis miyenebyul zians ki icavs ukve darR- dacvisaTvis ukve arse-
formacia, rac arRvevs sakiTxi ki sasamarTlo veul uflebebs. ratom bobs kanonebi da sasa-
adamianis uflebebs. amas daviT unda gadawydes zedmetad realuri Zala- migvyavs aqamde saqme? marTlo
sWirdeba saxelmwifo Zaladobis scenebi xSi- dobis scenebi mediiT ar II Sejaxeba: Zaladobis
kontroli) rad zedmetad realu- gadaicema xSirad. mediis gavlena mediiT gavrce- Zaladobis ZiriTadi
II arg. cenzura Zala- Zaladobis scenebi re- ria, rac uaryofiT yvela saSualebas gaaCnia lebul Zaladobas verc gamomwvevi mizezi so-
dobis mozardebSi ga- aluri cxovrebidanaa gavlenas axdens mozar- TviTredaqtirebis rgo- skola, verc mSoblebi cialuri pirobebidan
vrcelebas zRudavs aRebuli, rac pata- debis fsiqikaze. mSo- li, rac uzrunvelyofs da verc mediis redaqto- gamomdinareobs da ara
(masmediis saSualebiT rebmac unda icodnen. bels da skolas ar aqvs msgavsi informaciis an rebi ver uSvelian. maTi mozardebis mier ma-
vrceldeba Zalado- amis garda, bavSvebi mudmivi kontrolis sa- filmebis SezRudulad raodenoba unda SeizRu- smediiT gavrcelebu-
bis Sesaxeb informacia: unda gaakontrolon Sualeba. gansakuTrebiT an iseT dros Cvenebas, dos, raTa ar moxdes li Zaladobis scenebis
filmebi, yoveldRiu- mSoblebma da skolam dabali socialuri fe- roca bavSvebi mas ver mavne gavlena. realo- yurebidan. momavali
ri informacia. es mavne aRzrdiTa da swavlebiT. nis ojaxebSi kontrolis uyureben bas ki veravin gaeqceva borotmoqmedebi xom
zegavlenas axdens mo- akrZalva uares Sedegs meqanizmi sustia da misTvis aseTi saxiT ZiriTadad dabali so-
zardebis formirebaze. iZleva aq ar aris saubari yvela Semzadeba uaresia cialuri fenebidan ga-
amitom es procesi unda saxelmwifos funqcia funqciaze. informaciis III Sejaxeba: sityvis Ta- modian
iyos kontrolirebadi swored qveyanaSi mimdi- kontroli Zalzed mni- visuflebis SezRudva rodesac saubaria xeli-
cenzuris saSualebiT. ) I arg. masmediis cen- nare procesebis marTva Svnelovani da saTuTi araswori informacia suflebis uzurpaciaze
zura xelisuflebis da kontrolia. Tu am sakiTxia. mTavroba ar sazianoa. amitom xalxis da imaze, rom borotad
uzurpacias uwyobs logikas davujerebT, unda wyvetdes xalxis ma- sakeTildReod infor- gamoyeneba yvelafris
xels (saxelmwifos mier maSin saxelmwifos ara- givrad, ra doziT unda maciis kontrolic mi- SeiZleba, Cven yvela-
ganxorcielebuli nebi- fris kontroli ar unda miewodos xalxs infor- zanSewonilia mTavrobis feri unda gavakeToT,
smieri kontroli qmnis davutovoT, imitom rom macia da simarTle mier. borotad gamoyene- rom mTavrobas kontro-
misi borotad gamoyene- SeiZleba borotad gaba ki yvelafris SeiZle- lis naklebi saSualeba
bis saSiSroebas. infor- moiyenos ba mivceT
maciis regulireba ki
yvelaze saSiSia)
Cven mier warmodgenili sqemebi naTlad gviCvenebs momxsenebleb-
is miznebsa da funqciebs debatebis procesSi. am sqemebze dayrdno-
biT CavataroT debatebis TamaSi nebismier rezoluciaze, romelic
Cveni moswavleebisaTvis iqneba saintereso.
debatis dros yvela monawiles da moswavle msajebs debatebis
mwvrTneli daurigebs Canawerebis carieli furcels ( eqvs nawilad,
svetad gayofili grafa) da daavalebs monawileebs da moswavle-
msajebs zedmiwevniT Caiweron yvela gamomsvlelis sityva saTanado
grafaSi. TamaSis dasrulebisas mwvrTneli gamoarTmevs Canawerebis
furclebs moswavleebs da ganixilavs TamaSs sakuTari da moswav-
leebis Canawerebis safuZvelze.
debatebis mwvrTnelma unda auxsnas monawileebs, rom Canaweris
gareSe SeuZlebelia warmatebulad TamaSi. ubadlo niWisa da mex-
sierebis mqone adamiansac Zalian gauWirdeba erTsaaTiani debatis
msvlelobisas daimaxsovros yvela argumenti, yvela ZiriTadi azri,
logikuri msjelobis jaWvis komponentebi, kiTxva-pasuxebi, faqte-
bi da citatebi. debatebSi ki mogeba SeuZlebelia oponentis qeisze
zusti reagirebis gareSe. garda amisa, yovelTvis SeiZleba daeWve-
bul oponents misive warmoTqmuli uzustobisa Tu Secdomis sityva-
sityviT citireba. aseTi gamosvla msajze uTuod efeqts moaxdens.
83
msajoba
karl poperis debatebi TamaSia, romelsac hyavs gamarjvebuli
da damarcxebuli mxare. am TamaSis beds ki msaji wyvets. nebismieri
saxis formaluri kamaTisas msajs konkretuli funqciebi akisria da,
aqedan gamomdinare, misi `qcevac~ TamaSis msvlelobis dros da misi
dasrulebis Semdeg, winaswar gansazRvrulia.
msajis funqciebi:
debatebis msajs Semdegi movaleobebi ekisreba:
• gamarjvebulis gamovlena
• biuletenis Sevseba
• Canaweris gakeTeba
• TamaSis ganxilva da individualuri komentarebi gakeTeba
• TamaSis wayvana da drois daniSvna
karl poperis debatebSi gadawyvetilebas msajebi erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad da SeuTanxmeblad iReben. imis gamo, rom aRniSnul
TamaSSi fre gamoricxulia, debatebs yovelTvis kenti raodenobis
msaji sjis.
mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom debatebis TamaSis garSemo gad-
awyvetilebis misaRebad ar arsebobs erTaderTi da swori gza. aqedan
gamomdinare, TiToeuli msaji, rogorc wesi, SeimuSavebs raundis Se-
fasebisa da gamarjvebulis gamovlenis sakuTar meTodebs. miuxeda-
vad amisa, gadawyvetilebis miRebisas msajma Semdegi kriteriumebiT
unda ixelmZRvanelos:
• logikuri msjeloba
• argumentacia
• analizebi
• efeqturi prezentacia
• uaryofa da aRdgena
• organizebuloba
• damamtkicebeli masala
• gunduri TamaSi
• spikerTa movaleobebis Sesruleba
• iumori
• wesebis dacva
mniSvnelovania, rom TamaSis bedis gadawyvetisas nebismierma msa-
jma zemoT CamoTvlili kriteriumebi mTlianobaSi da kompleqsurad
gamoiyenos. Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom gadawyvetilebaze yve-
laferi moqmedebs, magaliTad momzadebuli argumentebis done,
Zlieri faqtebi, spikerTa mier oratoruli unarebis gamoyeneba,
gunduri TamaSi, drois swori organizacia, gamosvlebis naTeli
84
struqtureba, dapirispireba oponentTa mosazrebebze, _ logikur
msjelobasa da wesebis dacvas karl poperis debatebis TamaSSi ga-
marjvebulis gamovlenisas mTavari adgili ukavia. radgan swored es
ori komponenti gvevlineba yvela zemoT CamoTvlili kriteriumis
garkveul gamaerTianeblad. unda gvaxsovdes, rom rac ar unda Zneli
iyos msajisaTvis gadawyvetilebis miReba ama Tu im TamaSis Sesaxeb,
igi aucileblad darwmunebuli unda iyos Tavis arCevanSi.
gamarjvebulis gamovlenasTan erTad, debatebis msajs TamaSis
biuletenis Sevsebac moeTxoveba. debatebSi monawileebisa da maTi
mwvrTnelebisaTvis aRniSnuli biuleteni mniSvnelovan, dokumentia.
sworad Sevsebuli biuleteni unda Seicavdes gadawyvetilebis miRe-
bis mTavar mizezebsa da, amasTanave, konstruqciul kritikas. gamom-
dinare iqidan, rom es oficialuri dokumentia, biuletenis Sevs-
ebisas aucilebelia Sesabamis grafebSi mieTiTos raundis Catarebis
TariRi, dro da adgili, raundis nomeri, monawile gundebis kodebi,
Sesabamisad, marcxniv mtkicebiTi da marjvniv _ uarmyofeli gun-
debis moTamaSeTa saxelebi da gvarebi.
TiToeuli modebatis TamaSis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi unda mi-
viRoT Sefasebis oTxi mTavari kategoria da Sesabamisi aRniSvnebi
gavakeToT biuletenSi:
• organizacia: aq mniSvneloba eniWeba gmomsvlelis mier warmodgne-

li poziciis struqturas, Tu ramdenad organizebuli, dalagebu-
li, droSi gaTvlili da advilad gasagebia misi gamosvla.
• argumentacia: aq ganmsazRvrelia modebatis unari _ gaabaTi-
los mowinaaRdegis argumentebi da gaamyaros sakuTari pozi-
cia; yovelive es gaakeTos mkafiod da gviCvenos, rom dasmuli
sakiTxi mas kargad esmis.
• damamtkicebeli masala _ aq mTavaria, mocemuli spikeris fun-
qciis gaTvaliswinebiT, moTamaSis mier ramdenad srulad iqna war-
modgenili damamtkicebeli masalis sabuTebi da ganmartebebi da
ramdenad asabuTeben isini argumentebs.
• prezentacia: aq mniSvnelovania spikeris oratoruli unarebi, anu
mis mier sityvis warmoTqmis teqnika, stili, gamosvlis efeqturo-
ba, dinamiuroba da damajerebloba.
amasTan erTad, biuletenSi iwereba modebateebis individiualuri

qulebi da rangebi, rac Sefasebis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens.
es Sefasebebi absoluturad piradulia, radgan SeiZleba garkveulma
gundma Zalzed cudad iTamaSos mTlianobaSi, magram amave gundis erT-
erTi momxsnebeli kargad gamovides da Seasrulos Tavisi funqciebi.
karl poperis debatebSi TiToeul modebates eniWeba konkretuli rangi
85
konkretul TamaSSi, rac niSnavs ama Tu im raundSi maT adgils TamaSis
monawile sxva xuT spikerTan SedarebiT. ama Tu im debatebSi saukeTeso
momxsenebels ewereba pirveli rangi, xolo uaress _ meeqvse. rangebis
damTxveva, qulebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar SeiZleba. qulebi, romelTa di-
apazoni erTidan aTamdea, iwereba Semdegi principiT:
1 qula _ saSineli gamosvla. aseTi Sefaseba ekuTvnis mas, vinc

saubrobs gaugebrad da ganzrax uxeSad an Seuracxmyofelad.
2 qula _ Zalian susti gamosvla. gamomsvlels uZneldeba dacva
da azris gamoxatva. gamosvla gankuTvnil droze adre damTavrda.
3 qula _ susti gamosvla, aradamajerebeli msjeloba. momxsenebe-
li dabneulia da saubrobs araorganizebulad. gamosvla gankuTvnil
droze adre damTavrda. ver upirispirdeba mowinaaRmdegis pozicias.
4 qula _ saSualoze susti gamosvla. momxsenebeli srulyofilad
ver upirispirdeba mowinaaRmdegis pozicias, gaugebrad ayalibebs
Tavis pozicias, ver aCvenebs kavSirebs rgolebs Soris.
5 qula _ saSualo gamosvla. normaluri prezentacia. argumen-
tacia aradamakmayofilebeli. momxsenebeli masze dakisrebul mov-
aleobas arTmevs Tavs. upirispirdeba mowinaaRmdegis pozicias, ma-
gram zedapirulad da akeTebs araorganizebul analizs.
6 qula _ saSualoze kargi gamosvla. normaluri analizi. momxsen-
ebeli kargad erkveva debatebis teqnikaSi, magram argumentacia ar
aris damajerebeli.
7 qula _ kargi gamosvla. argumentacia damakmayofilebeli.
momxsenebeli srulad iyenebs dros, aklia damajerebloba.
8 qula _ Zalian kargi gamosvla. damajerebeli argumentacia.
analizi, prezentacia da uaryofa kargi.
9 qula _ SesaniSnavi gamosvla. efeqturi prezentacia.
10 qula _ brwyinvale gamosvla. momxsenebeli yvela sferoSi Sesan-
iSnavia. unaklo prezentacia. turniris erT-erTi saukeTeso gamosvla.
biuletenis cariel grafebSi unda mieTiTos im mizezTa ganmarte-

ba, rac mogebis an wagebis sababi gaxda. aseve aucilebelia raundis
Sesaxeb kritikuli SeniSvnebis Cawera, Sejaxebebis maTavari momen-
tebis gamoyofa, im areebis miTiTeba, romlebic saWiroeben gaum-
jobesebas. sruli biuletenisaTvis aucilebelia amomwuravi SeniS-
vnebi gundebis mier samuSaos Sesrulebaze da aseve individualuri
komentarebi TiToeuli monawilis gamosvlis Taobaze.
gamarjvebuli gundis saxelsa da kods msaji biuletenis boloSi
miuTiTebs da dokumentis sinamdviles adasturebs sakuTari xelmow-
eriTa da kodiT.
86
msajis biuleteni
raundis # __ TariRi ___ dro ___ oTaxi ___
gTxovT, srulyofilad SeavsoT biuleteni: spikeris qulebi,

ranJireba, individualuri SeniSvnebi, gadawyvetilebebi, monacemebi.
gTxovT, CaabaroT biuleteni Semdegi raundis dawyebamde.
kategoriebi ar fasdeba qulebiT, xolo spikeris maqsimaluri
qula aris 10.
1m 2m 3m 1u 2u 3u
saxeli da gvari
S f k d c S f k d c S f k d c kodi S f k d c S f k d c S f k d c
organizacia
argumentacia
monacemebi
wardgena
_____ ______ _______ sul __________ ______ ______
_____ ______ _______ rangi _______ ______ _____

spikers mianiWeT qulebi argumentaciis, dacvis da wardgenis unaris mixedviT:
kodi: S = SesaniSnavi f = friadi k = kargi d = damakmayofilebeli c = cudi
rangi: 1-6, 1 = umaRlesi
Tanabari rangi da gadawyvetileba miuRebelia
mtkicebiTi: individualuri SeniSvnebi uaryofiTi: individualuri SeniSvnebi
daaxasiaTeT Sejaxebis ZiriTadi areebi

da warmoadgineT Tqveni gadawyvetileb-
is safuZveli
saukeTesodâ debatebs gauZRva _________________ mxare, kodi _____________ .

(mtkicebiTi an uaryofiTi)
msajis xelmowera da kodi: ____________________________________________.
87
imisaTvis, rom msajma gadawyvetileba obieqturi Sefaseb-
is safuZvelze miiRos, man TamaSis mimdinareoba detalurad unda
daafiqsiros, ris saSualebasac iZleva debatebis specialuri Canaw-
eris forma (6 svetad dayofili furceli, sadac TiToeuli sveti
TiToeuli spikeris gamosvlas eTmoba), romlis Sevsebac xdeba raun-
dis mimdinareobisas. kargad gakeTebuli Canaweri msajs exmareba
Tvali miadevnos mTeli TamaSis msvlelobas, gahyves argumentaciis
xazs bolomde, Seafasos yvela gamotovebuli faqti, magaliTi Tu
argumenti, erTi sityviT, daxatos debatebis amsaxveli suraTi. ro-
gorc wesi, im dros, rodesac gundebi erTmaneTs ekamaTebian, msaji
Tavdaxrili wers yvelafers, rasac gaigebs.
debatebis msaji aramarto kargi arbitri da Semfasebeli, aramed
kargi maswavlebelic unda iyos, radgan misi funqcia gadawyvetileb-
is miRebasTan erTad, modebateebis ganaTlebacaa. TamaSis damTavre-
bis Semdeg msaji akeTebs sityvier komentars, romlis drosac man
unda moaxdinos pirvel rigSi momxseneblTa gamosvlebis Sesaxeb
individualuri ganxilva da Semdeg mTeli TamaSis analizi, sadac
warmoadgens sakuTari gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebsac. komentari ar
aris Tavis gamarTleba msajis mxridan. aq xdeba ubralo mimoxilva.
gaiTvaliswineT, rom komentarebi umjobesia gaakeToT pozitiur
momentebze xazgasmiT. moerideT mxolod SeniSvnebisa da kritikis
gamoyenebas. msajoba advili araa, magram igi SesaZleblobas gaZlevT,
dadebiTi zegavlena moaxdinoT mozardebis cxovrebaze. kargad ar-
gumentirebuli analizi exmareba maT Secdomebis gamosworebaSi da
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven mogiwiaT erTi da imave gundis msajoba
zedized ramdenjerme, aucileblad gaamaxvileT yuradReba Tqveni
komentaris Sedegad momxdar pozitiur Zvrebze.
msajis movaleobaa debatebis TamaSis sworad warmarTva. igi unda
miesalmos moTamaSeebs, Seuqmnas maT komforti, Sejibris dawyebam-
de Semowmos debatebisaTvis gankuTvnili oTaxi; Seamowmos, aqvs Tu
ara mas biuleteni, Canaweris furceli da wamzomi drois dasaniS-
nad. raundis damTavrebisTanave msajma modebateebs unda mosTxovos
oTaxis datoveba, xolo biuletenis Sevsebisa da gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis Semdeg modebateebTan erTad unda ganixilos TamaSis msv-
leloba da bolos, gulmodgined da detalurad Sevsebuli biule-
teni Caabaros turniris organizoatorebs.
imis gamo, rom karl poperis debtebis Semadgenel nawilebs (momx-
snebelTa gamosvlebi, jvaredini dakiTxvebi, mosamzadebeli dro)
gansazRvruli dro aqvs, TamaSSi saWiroa, rom vinmem dro dainiSno,
risi gakeTebac SeiZleba msajsac mouwios. am dros man yoveli gamos-
88
vlis, jvaredini dakiTxvis Tu mosamzadebeli drois gamoyeneba unda
daafiqsiros da, agreTve, darCenili dro unda aCvenos modebateebs.
es damatebiT koncentracias moiTxovos, Tumca, gamocdil msajebs
drois aRmricxvelis funqciis Sesruleba ar uWirT.
rogori unda iyos msaji?
masze dakisrebuli funqciebidan gamomdinare, debatebis msaji
Semdeg kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes:
• miukerZoebeli
• wesebis mcodne
• kargi msmeneli
• kargi maswavlebeli
debatebis msajma TamaSis dawyebis win unda daiviwyos sakamaTo
TemasTan mimarTebaSi sakuTari pozicis Sesaxeb. igi unda iyos e.w.
carieli furceli, gaTavisuflebuli yovelgvari subieqturi mosaz-
rebisagan. man ama Tu im gundisaTvis xmis micemis procedura ar unda
gamoiyenos sakuTari Sexedulebis sademonstraciod. amasTanave, msa-
jma zedmiwevniT srulyofilad unda icodes TiToeuli gundisa da
spikeris movaleobebi. kargi mosmena niSnavs kargi Canaweris gakeT-
ebas, rac mniSvnelovania obieqturi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. msa-
jis mier ki TamaSis bolos gakeTebuli komentarebi unda iyos mow-
odebuli modebate bavSvebis ganaTlebisaken.
89
msajis biuleteni
raundis # _2_ TariRi _12.10.2003__ dro _13.20__ oTaxi _17__
gTxovT, srulyofilad SeavsoT biuleteni: spikeris qulebi,

ranJireba, individualuri SeniSvnebi, gadawyvetilebebi, monacemebi.
gTxovT, CaabaroT biuleteni Semdegi raundis dawyebamde.
kategoriebi ar fasdeba qulebiT, xolo spikeris maqsimaluri
qula aris 10.
1m 2m 3m 1u 2u 3u
giorgi gafrin- saxeli da

rezo maisuraZe Tamar wereTeli gvanca Wanturia Temo fxakaZe Tea ZnelaZe
daSvili gvari
S f k d c S f k d c S f k d c kodi S f k d c S f k d c S f k d c
X X X organizacia X X X
X X X argumentacia X X X
X X X monacemebi X X X
X X X wardgena X X X
___6__ ___7____ ___8___ sul ___7___ ___7___ ___5___
___5__ ___3____ ___1__ rangi __4___ __2____ __6___
spikers mianiWeT qulebi argumentaciis, dacvis da wardgenis un-

aris mixedviT:

kodi: S = SesaniSnavi f = friadi k = kargi d = damakmayofilebeli
c = cudi
rangi: 1-6, 1 = umaRlesi Tanabari rangi da gadawyvetileba miuRe-

belia
90
mtkicebiTi: individualuri SeniSvnebi uaryofiTi: individualuri SeniSvnebi
I spikeri I spikeri
mwiri damamtkicebeli masala. prezen- araswori organizacia. uaryofas naklebi
tacia ar hqonda kargi. xSiri pauzebi dro dauTmo, vidre qeisis warmodgenas
saubarSi II spikeri
II spikeri kargi, magram arasruli uaryofa. cudi
mwiri damamtkicebeli masalebi. Zalzed prezentacia. Zalzed xmadabali saubari
zogadi msjeloba III spikeri
III spikeri arasruli analizi. axali mosazrebebi
kargi analizi, Tumca, naklebad axdenda gamoiyena uaryofisas
apelirebas sakuTar gundelebze
daaxasiaTeT Sejaxebis ZiriTadi areebi
da warmoadgineT Tqveni gadawyvetileb-
is safuZveli
TamaSi Zalzed daZabulad da sainteresod

warimarTa. TiToeuli gundis wevri Tavis
funqcias saTanadod asrulebda. mesame
spikerebis gamosvlebamde arc erTi gun-
dis upiratesoba ar gamovlenila. Sejaxe-
bebi ki Semdegi sakiTxebis garSemo moxda:
- sensaciebi televiziaSi
- Zaladoba masmediaSi da misi gavlena
sazogadoebaze
- sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva mTav-
robis mier
SejaxebebSi upiratesoba moipova mt-
kicebiTma gundma, radgan mesame mtkice-
biTma spikerma SeZlo yvela Sejaxebis
saTanadod warmoCena da sakuTari gundis
upiratesobebis xazgasma. mesame uarmy-
ofelma spikerma ki Sejaxebebis analizis
dros bolomde ver Seasrula sakuTari
movaleobebi efeqturad. meore Sejax-
ebis ganxilvis dros, man analizi saku-
Tari gundelebis mosazrebebis gamoy-
enebiT ki ar moaxdina, aramed saerTod
axali Sexeduleba daupirispira oponen-
tis msjelobas, rac TamaSis wesebs ewi-
naaRmdegeba. aqedan gamomdinare, gaima-
rjva mtkicebiTma gundma.
saukeTesodâ debatebs gauZRva _ mtkicebiTi _ mxare, kodi _17_ . (mtkicebiTi

an uarmyofeli)
msajis xelmowera da kodi: __ s. pavliaSvili 02 _____
91
nawili II
karl poperis debatebi politikuri elementebiT
Sesavali
saxelmZRvanelos pirveli nawili mTlianad daeTmo karl pop-
eris debatebs. wignis meore nawili eTmoba politikur debatebs. es
formati Tavisi struqturiT poperis debatebis identuria. erT-
maneTs kvlav ejibreba sami moTamaSisagan Semdgari ori gundi _ mt-
kicebiTi da uarmyofeli. momxsenebelTa gamosvlebis Tanmimdevroba
da drois reglamenti, jvaredini dakiTxva da mosafiqrebeli dro
politikur formatSi ar icvleba. `politikuri~ am formats ewodeba
TamaSis stilis gamo. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba am or formats Soris is
aris, rom modebateebi aRar kamaToben TviT rezoluciaze. mtkice-
biT gunds politikur formatSi evaleba rezoluciaSi dasmuli sak-
iTxis Seswavla, misi daviwroeba, konkretuli problemis warmodgena,
am problemis gadasaWreli gzebis (gamosavali) mofiqreba, Semdeg ki
imis dasabuTeba, rom gamosavali namdvilad gadaWris dasmul prob-
lemas.
poperis saxelobis debatebi arsobrivad faseulobaTa debatebia.
erTi gundi ayalibebs argumentebs mocemuli rezoluciis dasamt-
kiceblad, anu igi asabuTebs rezoluciis dadebiTi mxareebis Rir-
bulebebs. uarmyofeli mxare upirispirdeba rezolucias da uary-
ofs im argumentebs da im Rirebulebebs, romlebic warmoadgines
oponentebma. am dros Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom uarmyofel mx-
ares ar gamorCes mtkicebiTi gundis arc erTi argumenti, arc erTi
mniSvnelovani mosazreba Tu faqti. aseve, gundma unda mimoixilos
oponentis definiciebi da kriteriumi. es aris uarmyofeli gundis
erTaderTi politika, romelic am formatSi gaamarTlebs da gunds
warmatebas moutans. mtkicebiTma gundma Tavisi moxsenebis efeq-
turad wardgenis Semdeg, erTaderT strategias unda mimarTos, man
unda aRadginos da gaamyaros yvela is punqti, rasac Seexo oponenti
gundi.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, debatebis am formatSi, garda logikuri
da kritikuli azrovnebisa, mocemuli rezoluciis irgvliv masaleb-
is moZiebisa da maTi efeqturi gamoyenebisa, didi mniSvneloba eni-
Weba wesebis codnas da maT zedmiwevniT Sesrulebas.
politikur debatebSi, TamaSis stilidan gamomdinare, gacile-
biT ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba logikas, vidre wesebis dacvas.
mTavaria, rom oponentebma erTmaneTis poziciaSi dainaxon ama Tu
92
im punqtSi aralogikuri, Seusabamo msjeloba, Semdgom ki airCion
garkveuli politika, strategia da taqtika, raTa daanaxon msajs
xarvezebi oponentis poziciaSi.
imisaTvis, rom ufro naTlad gamoCndes gansxvaveba poperis de-
batebsa da politikur debatebs Soris, saWiroa mokled ganvixiloT
is ZiriTadi elementebi, romlebisganac Sedgeba orive formatis mt-
kicebiT poziciebi.
poperis formati politikuri formati

rezolucia rezolucia
definiciebi
problema
kriteriumi gamosavali
argumentebi upiratesobebi
politikur debatebSi, gansxvavebiT poperis debatebisagan uarmy-

ofelma gundma sakmarisia moigos oponentis poziciis Tundac erTi
punqti. mTavaria, rom daingres mowinaaRmdegis msjelobis logikuri
jaWvi.
2. Cveni wignis pirvel nawilSi, kerZod, _ 1, 2, 3 da 4 paragrafeb-
Si zedmiwevniT iyo ganxiluli formaluri debatebis arsi, TamaSis
ganrigi, TamaSis wesebi, kluburi muSaobis stili. mocemuli iyo re-
komendaciebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor ajobebs pirveli ramdenime Sex-
vedris Catareba klubSi. amitomac, wignis meore nawilSi pirdapir
politikuri debatebis teqnikis Seswavlaze iqneba saubari.

I gakveTili
• mtkicebiTi qeisi
• rezolucia da misi Camoyalibeba _ 30 wT.
• savarjiSo `rezoluciis mogoneba“ _ 45 wT.
rezolucia da misi Camoyalibeba

politikur debatebSi, rogorc poperis saxelobis debatebSi,
imisaTvis, rom Sedges debati, unda arsebobdes sakamaTo sagani, gan-
93
saxilvelad warmodgenili erTi winadadeba. igi unda iyos lakonuri,
mkafio da gasagebi. debatebis teqnikaSi aseTi formiT Camoyalibe-
bul sakamaTo Temas rezolucia ewodeba. rezolucia ganacxadis sax-
es unda atarebdes.
sadebato rezolucia unda iyos aqtualuri, exebodes mniS-
vnelovani moculobis problemas da aRvivebdes interess sadebato
Temis mimarT.
politikuri formatis debatebSi moTamaSeebs evalebaT mocemu-
li sakamaTo Temis irgvliv problemebis moZebna am problemis axsna
da, rac mTavaria, maTi gadasaWreli gzebis Zieba. politikuri de-
batebis rezolucia iseTi kriteriumebiT unda iyos SerCeuli da
formirebuli, rom modebateebma SeZlon, rezoluciaSi dasmuli sak-
iTxebi daakonkreton da daiyvanon ufro viwro da xelSesaxeb prob-
lemebamde.
politikuri debatebis formatSi sakamaTo Temis SerCevisas unda
vecadoT, SevexoT mniSvnelovani moculobis da sirTulis Temebs,
magram sakiTxebze msjelobam utopiamde ar unda migviyvanos. unda
aviRoT iseTi saqmiani sfero, sadac konkretuli sakiTxebi daismeba
da saqmiani winadadebebiT iqneba warmodgenili.
davuSvaT, rom politikuri debatebisaTvis SerCeulia Tema: `ko-
rufcia~. umjobesia, am TemasTan dakavSirebuli rezolucia exebodes
erT qveyanas da ar isaxavdes miznad mTel msoflioSi korufciis
aRmofxvras. aseve, Tu sadebato Temad gamocxaddeba `konfliqte-
bi~, ajobebs rezolucia religiur, eTnikur an teritoriul kon-
fliqtebTan mimarTebaSi SemuSavdes da ara zogadad yvelanairi kon-
fliqtebis mogvarebaze. mokled, rezolucia unda iyos sakmarisad
farTo, raTa modebateebs mieceT misi daviwroebis saSualeba, magram
ar unda iyos imdenad globaluri, rom saerTod ver SeZlon gamosav-
lis povna.
ra Tqma unda, rodesac saubaria globalur problemaTa erTi
qveynis magaliTamde dakonkretebaze, ar igulisxmeba is, rom for-
malur debatebSi msoflio maStabis sakiTxebi ar ganixileba. piriqiT,
aseTi sakiTxebi sakmaod prioritetulia. saubaria mxolod rezolu-
ciis formis SerCevaze, anu mis sizusteze. magaliTad, msoflio omi
an saerTaSoriso kriminaluri sasamarTlo globalur TemaTa jgufs
miekuTvneba da amave dros rezoluciebi _ `msofliom unda aici-
los mesame msoflio omi~ da `msoflios erebma mxari unda dauWiron
saerTaSoriso kriminaluri sasamarTlos Seqmnas~, sakmaod konkre-
tul sakiTxebamde aris dayvanili.
zemoT moyvanili rezoluciebis formulirebaze dakvirveba
94
gvaCvenebs, rom aseTi formiT Camoyalibebuli rezoluciebi misaRe-
bia rogorc mtkicebiTi, aseve, uarmyofeli mxarisaTvis. uarmyofe-
li mxare ver SeewinaaRmdegeba imTaviTve dadebiTi Rirebulebebis
matarebel rezolucias. politikur debatebSi TviT rezoluciaze
kamaTi arasdros mimdinareobs. rezolucias orive mxare eTanxmeba.
davis sagani ki xdeba mtkicebiTi gundis mier SemoTavazebuli an,
ufro zustad, gansazRvruli problema, romelic rezoluciasTan
aris dakavSirebuli.
davakvirdeT nebismieri politikuri rezoluciis formulire-
bas. aq yovelTvis figurirebs sityva ùnda~. anu raRac cvlilebebi
unda gatardes, raRaca unda Seicvalos, raRaca unda SeizRudos,
raRaca unda davicvaT. sadebato rezolucia imdenad dadebiTi Ri-
rebulebebis matarebelia, rom eWvi aRar Cndeba misi ganxorcieleb-
is saWiroebaSi da sadavo or gunds Soris mxolod ganxorcielebis
gzebi xdeba.
savarjiSo #1 `rezoluciis mogoneba~

1 etapi _ 5 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze debatebis mwvrTneli atarebs `gon-
ebriv ieriSs~, sTxovs monawileebs, SesTavazon mas nebismier sakiTx-
Tan dakavSirebuli erTi sityviT gamoTqmuli Zalian zogadi, farTo
Temebi. mwvrTneli SemoTavazebul Temebs wers dafaze. sasurvelia,
rom Seiqmnas mravalferovan TemaTa didi nusxa. unda moxerxdes
monawileTa provocireba, raTa maT Tavisuflad, yovelgvari urTi-
erTkritikis gareSe SesTavazon wamyvans rac SeiZleba ufro meti
Tema. wamyvans SeuZlia magaliTis saxiT TviTon daasaxelos ramden-
ime Tema.
5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi dafaze gaCndeba daaxloebiT aseTi CamonaT-
vali:
• ganaTleba;
• mSvidoba;
• adamianTa uflebebi;
• ekonomika;
• sagareo urTierTobebi;
• soflis meurneoba;
• janmrTelobis dacva;
• kultura;
• dasaqmeba;
• demokratia;
• arCevnebi;
95
• TviTmmarTveloba;
• energoresursebi;
• sporti;
• narkomania;
• terorizmi;
• omi;
• globalizacia;
• integracia; da a.S
2 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze debatebis mwvrTneli sTavazobs audi-
torias xanmokle ganxlvas, romlis safuZvelze dafaze Camowerili
mravali Temidan gamokveTeba is 5 Tema, romelic yvelaze metad sain-
tereso, problemuri da aqtualuria.
3 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze monawileebi iyofian 4-5 jgufad.
jgufebma aTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda SeimuSaon TiToeul TemasTan
dakavSirebuli erTi rezolucia.
4 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos meoTxe etapze, yoveli jgufidan erTma monawilem
or-ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda waradginos misi gundis mier Camoy-
alibebuli 5 rezolucia. wamyvani 10 wuTis ganmarvlobaSi ganix-
ilavs TiToeul SeTavazebul rezolucias, gaakeTebs komentarebs,
miuTiTebs Secdomebze da gascems rekomendaciebs.
politikuri debatebis rezoluciebis nimuSebi:
• saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis reforma unda Catardes;
• mTavrobis sagareo politikam xeli unda Seuwyos ekonomikur
ganviTarebas;
• unda moxdes msubuqi narkotikebis legalizacia;
• kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva prioriteti unda gaxdes;
• arCevnebi samarTlianad da Tavisuflad unda Catardes;
• saxelmwifom mxari unda dauWiros sportis ganviTarebas;
• soflis meurneoba saqarTveloSi erT-erTi wamyvani dargi unda
gaxdes;
• mosaxleobis janmrTeloba unda iyos daculi da sxva.
96
II gakveTili
• mtkicebiTi pozicia
• problema da misi arCeva _ 25 wT.
• savarjiSo `SevimuSavoT problema~ _ 40 wT.
problema da misi arCeva

sadebato Temis SerCevisa da rezoluciis Camoyalibebis Sem-
deg, SesaZlebelia daviwyoT debatebisTvis momzadeba. politi-
kuri debatebis formati Zalian sainteresoa. misi umniSvnelovanesi
da gadamwyveti faqtorebia: argumentacia da logikuri msjeloba.
politikuri debatebis formats, iseve, rogorc yvela TamaSs, aqvs
Tavisi wesebi. modebateebma unda daicvan garkveuli struqtura da
gaiTvaliswinon mTeli rigi rekomendaciebi. uSualod TamaSis msv-
lelobaSi ki gundebma unda airCion sagangebo, mxolod erTi konk-
retuli TamaSisaTvis mosargebi strategia da taqtika. magram, amave
dros, kargad unda gvaxsovdes, rom yvela is wesi, romelsac gavec-
nobiT, damyarebulia mxolod da mxolod logikaze da modebateebis
logikuri azrovneba yovelTvis nebismier wessa da formatze win
unda davayenoT.
debatebisTvis mzadebisas aucilebelia, rom gundebma kargad
gaiTavison Tavisi ZiriTadi funqciebi. mtkicebiTma gundma pirvel
rigSi unda aCvenos, rom mocemul sadebato rezoluciasTan kavS-
irSi arsebobs gamorCeuli problema, romelic iwvevs mniSvnelovan
zians da, aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroa arsebul mdgomareobaSi cv-
lilebebis Setana. aRsaniSnavia, rom swored mtkicebiTi gundis mier
gansazRvruli es konkretuli problema TamaSSi xdeba rezoluciis
Semcvleli da uarmyofelma gundma ara rezoluciaze, aramed am gan-
sazRvrul viwro problemaze unda miitanos ieriSi.
magaliTad: rodesac mocemulia rezolucia `mTavrobam unda aR-
mofxvras elitaruli korufcia~, Tavdapirvelad gundma, romelic
mtkicebiT pozicias amzadebs, unda SeZlos gamoiZios yvela is sfe-
ro da samsaxuri, romelsac korufciaSi edeba brali. advilia viva-
raudoT, ra Sedegebs miiReben modebateebi, Tu aqcents saqarTvelos
Tanamedrove problemebze gaakeTeben. aRmoCndeba, rom ar aris sfe-
ro, sadac elitaruli korufcia ar mZvinvarebs da rezoluciasTan
dakavSirebiT arsebobs aTobiT problema.
97
vinaidan politikur debatSi problemebze yuradRebis gamaxvile-
ba saWiroa mxolod da mxolod imisaTvis, raTa Semdgom es problema
gadaiWras, amitom misi safuZvliani Seswavla da debatebis proces-
Si efeqturi wardgena aucilebelia. warmovidginoT, ra moxdeba Tu
mtkicebiTma gundma zemoT aRniSnul rezoluciasTan dakavSirebiT
mimoixila yvela is sfero da Seexo yvela sakiTxs, rac ki aris ko-
rufciasTan kavSirSi. mtkicebiTi gundis pirvel warmomadgenels,
romelic iwyebs TamaSs, ar eyofa aramarto 6 wuTi, aramed arc saaTi
da arc dRe.
Tu gundma ar moaxdina problemis daviwroeba da farTo problemis
romelime konkretul problemamde dayvana, mas SeiZleba mTeli rigi
problemebi Seeqmnas TamaSis dros. globaluri problemis mogvarebas
grandiozuli gegmebis ganxorcieleba sWirdeba. yovlismomcveli ga-
mosavlis povna Zalian Znelia, misi dasabuTeba drois simciris gamo
kiTiTqmis SeuZlebeli. uarmyofeli gundi advilad Seitans eWvs aseTi
farTo gegmebis realurobaSi da advilad ipovis masSi xarvezebs.
vfiqrob dagarwmuneT, rom politikuri debatebis formatSi re-
zulucia dakonkretebas saWiroebs mtkicebiTi gundis mxridan. viw-
ro problemas yovelTvis moeZebneba realuri da ganxorcielebadi
gamosavali. am aspeqts kidev erTi sagulisxmo mxare aqvs. uarmyo-
felma gundma winaswar ar icis, ra viwro problemas SesTavazebs
mas mtkicebiTi gundi, amitom uaryofa yovelTvis uSualod TamaSis
dros yalibdeba. amiT debati ufro intensiuri, daZabuli xdeba, mo-
debateebi ki TamaSis politikis, anu strategiis da taqtikis Seqmnis
procesSi iyeneben mTel Tavis inteleqtualur da SemoqmedebiT po-
tencials.
warmogidgenT magaliTs, sadac naTlad Cans, rogori formiT Sei-
Zleba Camoyalibdes rezolucia farTo Temidan da Semdeg rogor
daviwrovdes TviT rezolucia.
Tema: adamianTa uflebebi

rezolucia: saqarTveloSi adamianTa uflebebi unda iyos dac-
uli
daviwroebuli rezoluciis magaliTebi:
• bavSvTa uflebebi unda iyos daculi;
• qalTa uflebebi unda iyos daculi;
• umciresobaTa uflebebi unda iyod daculi;
• patimarTa uflebebi unda iyos daculi;
• emigrantebis uflebebi unda iyos daculi;
• ltolvilTa uflebebi unda iyos daculi;
98
Tavis mxriv, daviwroebuli rezoluciebis, kidev ufro metad da-
konkretebaa SesaZlebeli, magaliTad:
• saqarTveloSi bavSvTa uflebebi saswavlo dawesebulebebSi
unda iyos daculi;
• saqarTveloSi bavSvTa uflebebi, sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-
bulebebSi unda iyos daculi;
• bavSvTa uflebebi unda iyos daculi masmediaSi gaSuqebis dros
da a.S.
TamaSisaTvis modebateebis momzadebis pirvel etaps moswavleeb-
isaTvis sakamaTo Temis gacnoba da masze muSaoba warmoadgens. mas
Semdeg, rac modebateebi gaecnobian momavali TamaSis rezolucias,
mTeli Zalisxmeva misi zogadi analizisa da definiciebis SemuSave-
bas moxmardeba. rezoluciaze muSaoba Semdegi mimarTulebiT war-
imarTeba:
- definicebis moZebna;
- informaciis gacvla;
asociaciuri Temebis identifikacia (semantikuri ruka)
miuxedavad imisa, rom definiciebis SemuSavebisas sasurvelia
rezoluciis terminebis leqsikoniseuli gansazRvrebebiT ganmarte-
ba, mainc SesaZlebelia, bavSvebTan erTad Camoayalibdes ama Tu im
terminis definicia, arsebuli informaciidan gamomdinare. am saqmi-
anobis Sesruleba daexmareba modebateebs, sakamaTo rezolucias
Sexedon ukve konkretuli sadebato Temis kuTxiT, romelzec unda
SemuSavdes problemis gadaWris pozicia.
amis Semdeg, klubis wevr moswavleebTan unda gaicvalos aRniS-
nuli rezoluciis garSemo. am dros TiToeuli modebate SeZlebis-
dagvarad warmoadgens sakamaTo TemasTan dakavSirebul sainforma-
cio xasiaTis mosazrebebs, argumentebs, faqtebsa Tu statistikur
monacemebs. urCieT bavSvebs, rom Caiweron maTTvis mniSvnelovani da
saintereso informacia.
semantikuri rukis Sedgenis sawyis etapze unda moxdes sakvanZo
sityvis arCeva, an sityvaTa SeTanxmeba, romelic gamomdinareobs re-
zoluciidan da dafiqsirdeba dafis centrSi. Semdeg, moswavleebma
unda moigonon am sakvanZo sityvasTan asocirebuli daaxloebiT 6
-7 termini, romelic daiwereba dafis centrSi ukve dafiqsirebuli
sityvis garSemo. bavSvebi Seecdebian am terminebTan asocirebuli
sityvebis mogonebas, romelebic gadava dafaze. aRniSnuli proce-
sis gagrZeleba usasrulod SeiZleba. modebateebs ganemartebaT, rom
semantikuri rukis Sedgenis Sedegad miRebuli terminebi gaxlavT
99
swored faqtebisa da damamtkicebeli masalebis Ziebis mimarTulebis
ganmsazRvreli aTvlis wertili. swored am terminebis garSemo wa-
rimarTeba saubari debatebis dros da aRniSnuli sityvebis garSemo
iqneba saWiro ufro meti da ufro Rrma codnis arseboba.
semantikuri ruka daaxloebiT ase gamoiyureba:
kerZo sajaro pedagogTa

skola skolis marTva skola xelfasebi
pedagogTa
profesionalizmi
saxelmZ- saswavlo
Rvaneloebi skola dasaqmeba
programa
swavlis
xarisxi
mecniereba da progresi
ganaTleba axalgazrdoba
materialur
- teqnikuri
saerTaSoriso baza
umaRlesi saxelmwifo
programnebi umaRlesi
ganaTleba
saswavlebeli
damokidebuli
marTva
kerZo umaRlesi erovnuli swavlis

akreditacia
ganaTleba gamocdebi dafinanseba
100
savarjiSo # 2 `problemebis SerCeva~
masalebi: sadebato rezoluciebis CamonaTvali yovel
monawileze:
• mTavrobam unda aRmofxvras korufcia;
• sazogadoebam unda izrunos garemos dacvaze;
• sazogadoebam unda daicvas bavSvebi Zaladobisagan;
• saqarTveloSi kvlav unda gatardes ganaTlebis reforma;
• saxelmwifo unda SeebrZolos narkomanias;
• saxelmwifom unda moagvaros Savi bazris problemebi;
• saxelmwifom unda moagvaros prostituciis problema;
• saxelmwifom unda daicvas socialurad daucvelTa interesebi;
• sazogadoebam unda izrunos qalTa uflebebis dacvaze;
• sazogadoebam unda izrunos kulturis ZeglTa dacvaze;
• mTavrobam mxari unda dauWiros mecnierul-teqnikur progress;
• saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianoba unda aRdges;
• separatizmi unda SeizRudos;
• umciresobaTa uflebebi unda iyos daculi;
• globalurma sazogadoebam Tavidan unda aicilos ekologiuri
katastrofa;
• msoflio erebma ar unda dauSvan mesame msoflio omi;
• msoflioSi unda Sewydes eTnikuri dapirispirebebi.
1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze auditoria iyofa mcire jgufebad
(sasurvelia 2-2 monawile). TiToeul gunds eZleva gansaxilvelad
TiTo-TiTo rezolucia. aTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi monawileebma unda
moifiqron mocemul erT rezoluciasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime
problema.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze yoveli jgufis erTi warmomadgeneli 2
wuTis ganmavlobaSi waradgens Tavisi rezoluciis problemebis Ca-
monaTvals da Seecdeba axsnas, Tu ratom SeaCera yuradReba am prob-
lemebze.
3 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze debatebis mwvrTneli ganixilavs Ti-
Toeul variants, gaakeTebs komentars. mwvrTneli sTxovs modeba-
teebs masalebi Seinaxon Semdegi SexvedrisaTvis.
101
III gakveTili
mtkicebiTi pozicia
• problema, misi parametrebi da ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi _ 25
wT.
• savarjiSo `problemis arCeva~ _ 60 wuTi.
problema, misi parametrebi da ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

mas Semdeg, rac modebateebi mocemul rezoluciasTan dakavS-
irebiT moiZieben problemaTa farTo speqtrs da sadebatod airCeven
erT-erTs, maT naTlad unda daasabuTon, rom warmodgenili prob-
lema iwvevs garkveul zians. amitom, arsebul mdgomareobaSi saWiroa
cvlilelebis Setana.
Tu mtkicebiTi gundi ver moaxerxebs imis dasabuTebas, rom
problemiT gamowveuli ziani imdenad didi da progresirebadia, rom
umoqmedobiT arsebuli mdgomareoba ufro damZimdeba da problemac
ufro gaRrmavdeba, maSin am gunds gauWirdeba arsebul mdgomareoba-
Si cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobis damtkiceba. amis gareSe ki
arc erTi gegma ar iqneba Rirebuli, vinaidan TiToeul cvlilebas
Tan yovelTvis garkveuli xarji axlavs (ara mxolod materialuri).
Tu mtkicebiTi gundi ver daasabuTebs cvlilebebis Setanis realur
saWiroebas, mis mier warmodgenili nebismieri argumenti Seusabamo
da alogikuri iqneba. xolo iq, sadac realurad arsebobs problema,
cvlilebac logikurad saWiroa.
mtkicebiTma gundma unda daanaxos oponents, rom problema ara-
marto arsebobs, aramed igi Zalze seriozulia. amisaTvis mtkice-
biT gunds dasWirdeba faqtebi da statistikuri monacemebi. amg-
var mtkicebulebebSi aSkara unda iyos, rom problema exeba xalxis
mniSvnelovan raodenobas, misi uaryofiTi gavlena ki imdenad se-
riozulia, rom Tuki igi ar gadaiWra, arsebuli mdgomareoba (sta-
tus_kvo) momavalSi ufro masStaburi gaxdeba, an ufro Rrmad gaid-
gams fesvebs.
mtkicebiTi gundi unda moeridos iseTi problemis SerCevas,
romlis gadawyvetac ar saWiroebs zedmet Zalisxmevas. arsebobs
iseTi realoba, romelic marTalia dResdReobiT arasaxarbieloa,
seriozul problemas warmoadgens da mniSvnelovani zianis momtania,
magram arsebul pirobebSi, drois garkveul monakveTSi mdgomareo-
102
ba TavisTavad gamoswordeba, zianic TandaTanobiT Semcirdeba da
problemac aRar iarsebebs. Tuki modebateebi mtkicebiT poziciaSi
uneblieT amgvari specifikis problemas dasaxaven, maSin uarmyofel
poziciaSi moTamaSe gunds Zalian gauadvildeba imis damtkiceba,
rom amgvari problemis gadaWraze, gamosavlis povnaze, gegmebis
damuSavebaze da gegmebis ganxorcielebaze sul ar Rirs adamianTa
resursebis da materialuri Tanxebis daxarjva. es zedmetia, vinaid-
an problema TviTon gadaWris Tavis Tavs droTa ganmavlobaSi.
maSasadame masze yuradRebis SeCereba sulac ar aris saWiro. aris
SemTxvevebi, rodesac mtkicebiTi gundi airCevs problemas, romel-
ic Tavisi specifikiT miekuTvneba gadauWrel problemaTa ricxvs.
rac imas niSnavs, rom problema namdvilad aris, igi sakmarisad se-
riozuli da moculobiTia, didia zianic da arsebuli mdgomareoba
namdvilad saWiroebs Secvlas, magram misi Secvla, problemis aR-
mofxvra an saerTod masTan brZola uSedego iqneba. maS, ra azri aqvs
iseT problemaze yuradRebis SeCerebas, romelic ar aRmoifxvreba
da yovelTvis problemad darCeba, yovelTvis iarsebebs? am SemTx-
vevaSi, uarmyofel gunds ar gauWirdeba imis damtkiceba, rom ar
Rirs drois dakargva da xarjis gaweva iseTi problemis mogvarebaze,
romelic mougvarebel problemaTa jgufs miekuTvneba.
modebateebma didi yuradReba unda miaqcion imas, rom problema
namdvilad iyos kavSirSi rezoluciasTan, anu sruliad Seesabame-
bodes mas. magaliTad, rezoluciaSi: _ `mTavrobam unda daxvewos
ganaTlebis sistema~, problema bevria _ gadatvirTuli programebi,
maswavlebelTa dabali kvalifikacia da a.S. magram rom visaubroT im
maswavleblebis xelfasebis gazrdaze, romlebmac miaRwies sapensio
asaks da xelfasTan erTad pensiasac iReben, albaT, rezoluciasTan
Seusabamo gamova.
savarjiSo #3 `problemis arCeva~

masalebi:
politikuri debatebis formatSi `problemis~ ZiriTadi para-
metrebi da maxasiaTeblebi.
problema unda iyos:
• aSkara;
• naTeli;
• gasagebi;
• nacnobi;
• aqtualuri;
• unda Seesabamebodes rezolucias;
103
• problemaSi unda Candes cvlilebebis Setanis aucilebloba;
• problema unda iyos sakmarisad moculobiTi, anu exebodes
xalxis mniSvnelovan raodenobas;
• ar unda ganekuTvnebodes mougvarebel problemaTa kategorias;
• ar unda ganekuTvnebodes iseT problemaTa kategorias, romel-
ic TviTon agvarebs Tavis Tavs.
1 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos dawyebis win monawileebs vyofT mcire jgufebad
(sasurvelia 2-2 monawiled), TiToeul jgufs vurigebT calkeul
furcelze amobeWdil ~problemis~ parametrebis da ZiriTadi maxasi-
aTeblebis CamonaTvals. wamyvani sTxovs monawileebs, II gakveTilze
savarjiSo #2-is Sesrulebis dros miRebuli masalebi gamoiyenon,
anu is problemebi, romlebic gamoimuSaves wina Sexvedraze. monawi-
leebma 15 wuTis ganmarvlobaSi unda gamoarCion 3 problema da daw-
eron dasabuTeba, ratom miaCniaT, rom maT mier SerCeuli probleme-
bi Seesabameba `problemis~ ZiriTad parametrebsa da maxasiaTeblebs.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
meore etapze gundebma erTmaneTis monacvleobiT orwuTian
gamosvlaSi unda warmoadginon maT mier gamorCeuli problema da
daasabuTon misi Sesabamisoba zemoT CamoTvlil yvela parametrsa da
maxasiaTebelTan.
3 etapi _ 20 wuTi
mesame etapze debatebis mwvrTneli aTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi
gaakeTebs mokle komentars da ganixilavs gundebis mier arCeuli
problemebis Sesabamisobas `problemis~ parametrebTan da ZiriTad
maxasiaTeblebTan. am savarjiSos Sesrulebis Sedegad, modebateebi
gaigeben, mocemuli rezoluciis mixedviT, ra parametrebiT da kri-
teriumebiT unda SearCion problemebi.
104
IV gakveTili
mtkicebiTi pozicia
• problemis gansazRvra _ 25 wT.
• savarjiSo `SevimuSaoT problema “ _ 60 wT.
problemis gansazRvra
debatebis politikuri formatis ZiriTadi principi logikaa.
am TavSi Cven unda gavyveT logikas da misi meSveobiT SevecadoT ise
safuZvlianad warmovaCinoT problema, rom amovwuroT masTan dakav-
Sirebuli yvela mniSvnelovani aspeqti.
imisaTvis, rom problema amomwuravad iyos wardgenili, pirvel
rigSi, mtkicebiTma gundma Tavisi gamosvlebis dros didi yuradReba
unda dauTmos problemis ganmartebas da mis axsnas.
problemis ganmartebisaTvis SegviZlia CamovayaliboT
definiciebi da aRvniSnoT problemis zogadi mniSvneloba. amis
Semdeg ki yvelaze efeqturi iqneba problemidan gamomdinare ar-
sebuli mdgomareobis aRwera. imisaTvis, rom status-kvo (arsebu-
li mdgomareoba) iyos ufro damajerebeli, sasurvelia moviyvanoT
konkretuli faqtebi, davanaxoT msajs da oponentebs, rom problema
realurad arsebobs da is ar aris fantaziis nayofi. umjobesia, xazi
gavusvaT imas, rom arsebobs statistika, romelic amtkicebs amg-
vari faqtebis did raodenobas. maSasadame, problema moculobiTia
da mniSvnelovani raodenobis adamianebs exeba. kidev ufro damajer-
ebeli da efeqturi iqneba, mtkicebiTma gundma isaubrebos im mosal-
odnel uaryofiT Sedegebze, romlebic arsebul mdgomareobaSi jer
ar fiqsirdeba, magram aucileblad gaCndeba, Tuki problema ar mog-
vardeba. am SemTxvevaSi kargia aRiniSnos dinamika, aRiweros proce-
sis ganviTareba, mdgomareobis TandaTanobiTi gauareseba. aqac mniS-
vnelovania faqtebisa da statistikis moSvelieba.
problemis gansazRvris, misi axsnis da mniSvnelovanebis Cvenebis
Semdeg, mtkicebiTma gundma unda dagvanaxos problemis arsebobis
mizezi. faqtebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia mokled mimovixiliT mZime
istoriuli memkvidreoba, kanonebis dauxvewaoba an mouqneloba.
SegviZlia ganvixiloT ekonomikuri aspeqtebi, romlebic probleme-
bis gamomwvev mizezebze moqmedeben.
yvelaze kargi iqneba problemis arsebobis mizezis, safuZvelis
gamoZieba anu imis dadgena, Tu konkretulad, ratom ver Wris prob-
lemas amJamindeli politika.
105
Tu mtkicebiTi gundi ganixilavs pirvel SemTxvevas, maSin man
unda gamoiZios is konkretuli gzebi da nabijebi, romlebsac dgams
mTavroba problemis gadasawyvetad, Semdeg ki daadginos, ratom ar
aris efeqturi mTavrobis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebi.
meore SemTxveva gulisxmobs, rom mTavroba saerTod Tavisi
yuradRebis da interesebis miRma tovebs problemas da, maSasadame,
aucilebelia SemuSavdes da gatardes saTanado politika, romel-
ic aRmofxvris problemas. problemis arsebobis mizezs debatebis
politikur formatSi brals vuwodebT.
rodesac mtkicebiTi gundi problemis gamomwvev mizezebsa da,
agreTve, problemis gadauWrelobis mizezebze gvesaubreba, mas Seu-
Zlia daakonkretos, Tu vis miuZRvis amaSi brali. magaliTad, mTav-
robas, romelic saTanado yuradRebas ar aqcevs problemas, mas ar
aqvs berketebi, igi uZluria, an araswor politikas atarebs. mniS-
vnelovania davanaxoT moswavleebs, rom bralis dafiqsirebis dros
isini TviTon ar gamovidnen bralmdeblis rolSi da zedmetad ar
gaamaxvilon yuradReba bralis matarebel subieqtze an obieqtze.
savarjiSo # 4 `problemis gansazRvra~

1 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze auditoria iyofa 4 jgufad. TiToeul
jgufs samuSaod vTavazobT erT rezolucias. savarjiSos gasaad-
vileblad monawileebs vurigebT blankebs, sadac aRniSnulia is Zir-
iTadi aqcentebi, razec unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba modebateebma
problemis gansazRvrebis dros. survilis mixedviT, SeuZliaT gamoi-
yenon blanki #1 da Seavson igi, rac gauadvilebs maT moxsenebis
struqturuli wyobis dacvas.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze gundebi sami wuTis ganmavlobaSi
waradgenen TavianT problemebs.
3 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos dasrulebisas mwvrTneli akeTebs srulfasovan ko-
mentars dafaze warmoebuli Canaweris mixedviT. am savarjiSos Ses-
rulebis Semdeg monawileebi iswavlian, amomwuravad warmoaCinon
dasaxuli problema.
106
blanki #1
problemis gansazRvra
• problemis ganmarteba -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• arsebuli mdgomareobis dafiqsireba (modebatem realurad

unda dagvanaxos konkretuli problemiT gamowveuli arsebuli
mdgomareoba, raTa Semdgom daasabuTos arsebul mdgomareobaSi
cvlilebebis Setanis aucilebloba) ---------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• problebis mniSvnelovnebis warmoCena -------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• problemis arsebobis mizezi, safuZveli (ram gamoiwvia problema)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• ratom ver gadaiWra problema dRemde (amJamad arsebuli poli-

tika ver Wris problemas, an saerTod ar arsebobs saTanado
politika. vis miuZRvis brali am problemis warmoSobaSi)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• problemis gadauWrelobis SemTxvevaSi mosalodneli uaryofiTi

Sedegebis ganxilva. -----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107
V gakveTili
mtkicebiTi pozicia
• gamosavali da misi etapebi _ 25 wT.
• savarjiSo `gegmis SemuSaveba~_ 35 wT.
gamosavali da misi etapebi

debatebis politikuri formatis ZiriTadi upiratesoba isaa,
rom modebateebs evalebaT ara mxolod problemis moZieba da axsna,
aramed mis gadasaWrelad gzebis Zieba. mtkicebiT gunds mTeli Tama-
Sis ganmavlobaSi mouwevs imis dasabuTeba, rom maT mier SemoTavaze-
buli gegma Tu gamosavali aris is erTaderTi realuri gza, romelic
gadaWris problemas da dadebiT Sedegebsac moitans.
problemis gadasaWrelad mtkicebiT gunds SeuZlia gamoiyenos
ori meTodi.
erTi meTodi iTvaliswinebs dasmuli problemis gadaWris konk-
retuli, mkafiod Camoyalibebuli, nabij-nabij ganviTarebuli da
detalurad gaTvlili gegmis SemuSavebas. meore meTodi ki gulisx-
mobs arsebuli problemis gadaWras erTgvari gamosavliT, romelic
ganacxadis saxiT iqneba Camoyalibebuli. gundebi, rezoluciisa da
problemis specifikidan gamomdinare, TviTonve irCeven, ra meTodi
ajobebs ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi. uarmyofeli gundisTvis es aspeqtic
moulodnelia. uarmyofeli gundi mxolod da mxolod TamaSis msv-
lelobaSi igebs, Tu ra problema dasva mtkicebiTma gundma da ra
meTodi airCia am problemis mogvarebisaTvis. logikuria, rom uarmy-
ofeli gundi adekvaturad daupirispirdeba TiToeul meTods.
gamosavali gegmiT
mtkicebiTi gundis gegma warmoadgens im meTods, romliTac mas
surs problemis gadaWra.
ibadeba kiTxva: ramdenad detaluri unda iyos gegma? rac ufro
rTulia problema, miT ufro rTulia misi gadaWra. amasTanave,
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mtkicebiTi gundis pirvel momxsenebels
mxolod 6 wuTi aqvs mTeli qeisis warmosadgenad da es dro ar iqneba
108
sakmarisi rTuli, mravali punqtisgan Semdgari gegmis warmosadgenad.
pirvelma momxsenebelma unda warmoadginos gegmis monaxazi (30 wamis
_ 1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi) da unda iyos mzad, pasuxi gasces konkretul
SekiTxvebs detalebTan dakavSirebiT jvaredini dakiTxvis dros. mt-
kicebiTi gundis meore momxsenebeli ki saubrobs detalebze.
gegmaze muSaobis dros, modebateebma unda gaiTvaliswinon Sem-
degi elementebi da pasuxi gascen SekiTxvebs:
vin ganaxorcielebs gegmas?
ra gakeTdeba am gegmiT?
rogor gadaidgmeba dagegmili nabijebi?
ramdeni fuli, dro da muSaxeli daixarjeba gegmis ganxorciele-
baze?
vin?
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, moqmedebis subieqti SeiZleba gansazRvru-
li iyos rezoluciaSi (magaliTad: gaerom unda gaafarTovos kul-
turuli uflebebis dacva), magram zogjer mtkicebiTma gundma unda
warmogvidginos is subieqti romelic ganaxorcielebs maT mier Ser-
Ceul politikas. subieqti, dakavSirebuli unda iyos gansazRvrul
problemasTan. mtkicebiTma gundma unda SearCios iseTi subieqti,
romelic realurad SeZlebs Tavi gaarTvas gegmiT gaTvaliswineb-
ul RonisZiebebs. ase rom, xSir SemTxvevebSi, rodesac saqme gveqneba
konkretul saxelmwifoebTan, moqmedebis subieqti iqneba am saxelm-
wifos mTavroba, xolo Tu saerTaSoriso problemebs SevexebiT, es
movaleoba daekisreba gaeros an romelime sxva saerTaSoriso or-
ganizacias.
moqmedebis subieqtis SerCevisas, umjobesia davkonkretdeT, Tu
mTavrobis an gaeros romel institutze gvaqvs saubari, magaliTad:
romelime saministro, an organizacia da a.S. mtkicebiTma gundma
SesaZlebelia gadawyvitos axali subieqtis Seqmna problemis gada-
saWrelad. am SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebiTma gundma sakiTxis Zalian Rrma
da safuZvliani kvleva unda Caataros, vinaidan axali institutis
Seqmnas damatebiTi dro da finansebi esaWiroeba (amasTanave, eqsperi-
menti yovelTvis saWiroa).
109
ra?
mtkicebiT gunds SeuZlia, erT winadadebaSi gadmosces gegmis
arsi an konkretuli nabijebi, magram orive SemTxvevaSi maT winaswar
gaTvaliswinebuli unda hqondeT detalebi, romelTa warmosadgenad
dros ar daxarjaven, magram saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneben.
rogor?
mtkicebiTi gundisTvis ar aris sakmarisi Camoayalibos _ ras gaa-
keTeben? maT unda axsnan, Tu rogor ganaxorcieleben am yovelives
da realurad Seafason arsebuli mdgomareoba. gegma ar unda iyos
zRapruli da idealuri. gegma unda iTvaliswinebdes im winaaRmde-
gobebis gadalaxvasac, romelic mas ganxorcielebis procesSi Sex-
vdeba.
ramdeni?
TiToeuli cvlileba garkveul xarjTan aris dakavSirebuli da
mtkicebiTma gundma es ar unda daiviwyos. es ar niSnavs imas, rom
mtkicebiTma gundma gegmis detaluri biujeti unda warmoadginos,
man ubralod unda aRniSnos, Tu ra Tanxebzea saubari da risTvisaa
isini saWiro. kargi iqneba, Tu xazs gausvamen im detalsac, Tu rogor
moxdeba am Tanxebis mopoveba.
Tanxebis wardgenis dros mniSvnelovania, rom mtkicebiT gunds
kargad hqondes gaazrebuli, ramdenad gamarTlebulia am Tanxebis
daxarjva konkretul problemaze. Tu materialuri xarji iqneba im-
denad didi, rom gamoiwvevs zarals, maSin amgvari finansuri gegma
gaumarTlebelia. uarmyofel gunds eZleva saSualeba, advilad daas-
abuTos, rom problema SeiZleba gadaiWras sxva gegmiT, ufro nakle-
bi danaxarjebiT. unda aRiniSnos isic, Tu ra resursebi daixarjeba
mTlianad (mag: drois, adamianebis) am gegmis ganxorcielebisas.
110
savarjiSo # 5 `gegmis SemuSaveba~
masalebi:
CineTi saReWi rezinis winaaRmdeg ibrZvis

problema:
Cinelebis mxridan saReWi rezinis aTvalwunebis mizezi aris is,
rom gasuli wlis erovnuli dResaswauls dros pekinis tiananmenis
moedanze, romelic CineTis erT-erT RirsSesaniSnav adgilad iTvle-
ba, turistebma 600 aTasi saReWi rezini gadaagdes. saReWi rezinisa-
gan dabinZurebuli moednis gawmenda pekinis xelisuflebas 120 aTa-
si dolari daujda. mxolod turistebi rodi arian CineTis saReWi
reziniT dabinZurebis mTavari mizezi. qveyanaSi, sadac 1,3 miliardi
adamiani cxovrobs, yovelwliurad 20 miliardi saReWi rezini iyide-
ba. CineTis mTavroba SeSfoTebulia am problemiT, magram aseTi sax-
is garemos dabinZurebis winaaRmdeg, veranair efeqtur zomebs ver
atarebs.
1 etapi _ 30 wuTi
debatebis mwvrTneli auditorias yofs 3-4 jgufad da urigebs
masalebs, raTa monawileebi gaecnon problemas da ocdaaTi wuTis
ganmavlobaSi moifiqron gamosavali da SeimuSaon gegma, romelic
gadaWris arsebul problemas.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze gundebi waradgenen TavianT gegmebs
xuTwuTiani moxsenebis saxiT.
3 etapi _ 20 wuTi
debatebis mwvrTneli dawvrilebiT ganixilavs TiToeuli gundis
mier SemoTavazebul gegmas, aRniSnavs dadebiT mxareebs da Secdomebs.
savarjiSos Sesrulebis dros monawileebi gaivarjiSeben problemis
gadamWreli gegmebis SemuSavebaSi da aiTviseben gegmis struqturas.
imisaTvis, rom modebateebs gauadvildeT savarjiSos Sesrule-
ba, warmogidgenT sagangebod SemuSavebul blanks, romelic mkafiod
gviCvenebs gegmis struqturas:
111
blanki #2
vin ganaxorcielebs gegmas? (modebatem unda warmoadginos is
subieqti, romelic ganaxorcielebs gegmas)
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ra keTdeba am gegmiT ?
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nabiji I
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nabiji II
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nabiji III
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nabiji IV
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rogor ganxorcieldeba TiToeuli nabiji?
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ramdeni fuli, dro da adamianuri resursi daixarjeba gegmis
gansaxorcieleblad?
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112
VI gakveTili
mtkicebiTi pozicia
• upiratesobebi da maTi formireba _ 50 wT.
• savarjiSo ìpovoT upiratesobebi“ _ 30 w
upiratesobebi da maTi formireba

mtkicebiTma gundma, jer kidev gegmis SemuSavebisas, Zalian mka-
fio warmodgena unda iqonios im konkretul Sedegebze, rac gegmis
ganxorcielebas moyveba. Tavisi poziciis wardgenisas mtkicebiTi
gundis pirvelma momxsenebelma garkveuli dro unda gamoyos imi-
saTvis, raTa daasabuTos, rom mis mier SemoTavazebuli politika
status-kvoze ukeTesia. pirvel rigSi, mtkicebiTi gundi asabuTebs
imas, rom maTi gamosavali erTaderTi gzaa problemis aRmosafxvre-
lad, magram warmatebulad CaiTvleba mxolod da mxolod is gegma,
romelsac aqvs Sedegi. logikuria, Tu mtkicebiTma gundma ver daa-
sabuTa, Tu rogor Secvlis arsebul mdgomareobas ukeTesobisakan
maTi gamosavali, maSin mTel maT Zalisxmevas azri ekargeba.
mtkicebiTi gundis pirvelma warmomadgenelma Tavisi moxsene-
bis bolo wuTebi unda dauTmos im upiratesobebis aRniSvnas, rac
gegmis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad miiReba. upirateso-
bebSi mkafiod da naTlad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli da xazgasmiT
aRniSnuli yvela is dadebiTi Sedegi, rac gegmis ganxorcielebas mo-
yveba. mtkicebiTma gundma unda dagvanaxos kavSiri upiratesobebsa
da problemas Soris, vinaidan SesaZlebelia gegmis ganxorcielebiT
marTlac miviRoT ramdenime dadebiTi Sedegi, magram mxolod es ar
aris sakmarisi. mTavaria, Sedegma aRmofxvras dasmuli problema.
warmovidginoT, rom sasworis erT mxares davdeT gegma da mis
ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sirTule (gegmis ganx-
orcielebisaTvis saWiro garkveuli safasuri, mcdeloba, xelmZ-
Rvaneloba, kapitali, riski, adamianuri resursebi, dro. gegmis
ganxorcielebisas amoqmeddeba berketebi); sasworis meore mxares ki
movaTavseT upiratesobebi. mtkicebiTma gundma naTlad unda daanax-
os oponentebs da msajs, rom upiratesobebi imdenad mniSvnelovania
da imdenad safuZvlianad cvlis status-kvo _ s rom gegmis ganxor-
cielebiT miRebuli upiratesobebi (Sedegebi) namdvilad gadawonis
im sirTuleebs, romlebic gegmis ganxorcielebis process axlavs
Tan.
113
mtkicebiTma gundma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos imaze, rom Semo-
Tavazebuli cvlilebebi ufro met upiratesobebs moicavs, vidre
zians da, saboloo jamSi, sargeblobas moutans sazogadoebas. upi-
ratesobebis Sedareba zianTan an status-kvosTan mtkicebiT gunds
uTuod sargeblobas moutans da ufro damajerebels gaxdis mis ga-
mosvlas.
gegmis ganxorcielebis Semdeg miiReba damatebiTi upirateso-
bebi, anu is dadebiTi Sedegebi, romlebic Tavidan ar iyo gaTval-
iswinebuli. mtkicebiTma gundma es aucileblad unda daafiqsiros.
damatebiTi upiratesobebi SeiZleba gaCndes uneblieT gegmis ganx-
orcielebis procesSi, an gegmis dasrulebis Semdeg. SesaZlebelia,
dadebiTi Sedegebi arc ukavSirdebodes problemas, magram aRmofx-
vras raRac sxva problemebi da xarvezebi. es yovelive gegmas kidev
erT dadebiT qulas Sematebs.
ganvixiloT magaliTi:
problemis gansazRvra: _ britaneTSi arsebuli liberaluri sami-
gracio kanonis gamo, uamravi adamiani cdilobs am qveyanaSi moxve-
dras im imediT, rom aq saimedo TavSesafars ipovian. mas Semdeg, rac
safrangeTma da britaneTma erTiani ZalebiT gadaketes `la manSze~
aralegalebis sataranzito mimosvla da safrangeTma `sangateSi~
maTi banaki daxura, aralegalTa talRa belgias miawyda. kerZod ki,
patara saporto qalaq `zebriug~-s. gasul wels zebriugis portis
gavliT britaneTsa da irlandiaSi tvirTis 90% Sevida. Sesabamisad,
gaizarda tvirTSi damaluli aralegalebis ricxvic. 2003 wels or-
jer metma aralegalma gadalaxa belgiis sazRvari, vidre 2002 wels.
belgiis mTavroba SeSfoTebulia, rdganac mas ar aqvs realuri
SesaZlebloba, mxolod sakuTari ZalebiT gamoavlinos aralegalebi
tvirTis aseT kolosalur moculobaSi.
gamosavali _ gegma
vin? _ britaneTma unda aiRos Tavis Tavze am problemis mogvareba,
vinaidan:
• is rom qalaq zebriugs miawyda arlegalTa TiTqmis 80%, brita-
neTis bralia. kerZod, misi liberaluri kanonebis;
• britaneTis interesebSia sazRvarze aralegalebis dakaveba;
• britaneTi, romelic belgiaze mdidaria, valdebulia gaiRos
Tanxebi Tavisive problemis mosagvareblad.
114
ra?
• britaneTma iaponiisagan unda Seisyidos axali eleqtronuli
sistema, _ deteqtori, romelsac SeuZlia konteinerebSi da-
maluli adamianebis aRmoCena maTi guliscemis mixedviT.
• britaneTma unda miawodos aRniSnuli mowyobiloba zebriugis
sabaJos da dados xelSekruleba, romlis mixedviTac belgiis
mxare valdebuli iqneba, gamoiyenos es xelsawyo da misi dax-
marebiT gamoavlinos da daakavos aralegalebi. meore mxriv,
britaneTi xelsawyoebis teqnikur problemebze agebs pasuxs da
gaiRebs Tanxebs mebaJeebis gadamzadebisaTvis.
• zebriugis sabaJos TanamSromlebma unda miiwvion iaponeli
eqspertebi da, gadamzadebis kursebis saSualebiT, Seiswavlon
mowyobiloba da aimaRlon kvalifikacia.
ramdeni?
mowyobilobis saerTo raodenobis Rirebuleba, daaxloebiT 1,5
milioni dolari.
xelsawyoebis Sesyidvisa da maTi SekeTebis xarjs mTlianad
gaiRebs britaneTi, xolo gadamzadebis kursebis xarjsa da iaponeli
eqspertebis honorars belgiisa da britaneTis mxareebi gainawileben.
upiratesobebi
• q. zebriugis mebaJeebi, advilad da swrafad ipovian tvirTSi
aralegalebs;
• aralegalebi, romlebsac aranairi SesaZlebloba ar eqnebaT, Se-
umCnevlad gadalaxon sazRvari, Seecdebian ucxo qveyanaSi SeR-
wevis legaluri gzebi ipovnon;
• qalaq zebriugs moexsneba didi problema _ aralegalebis
qalaqSi mozRvaveba;
• britaneTs ar dasWirdeba sakuTari liberaluri saimigracio
kanonebis Secvla.
damatebiTi upiratesobebi
• sxva qveynebi gadmoiReben belgiis gamocdilebas;
• SeizRudeba korufcia, romelic dakavSirebulia sabaJoze
aralegaluri gziT adamianTa gatarebasTan.
115
daskvna:
SemuSavebuli gegma realisturi da Sedegiania, xolo misi Ses-
ruleba ar aris Zalian rTuli. upiratesobebi gviCvenebs, rom Sede-
gebi imdenad kargia, namdvilad Rirs am gegmis cxovrebaSi gatareba.
gegmis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, miviRebT iseT upiratesobebs, rome-
lebic aRmofxvrian am problemas. maSasadame, gegma miaRwevs mizans.
zemoT aRniSnulidan naTlad Cans, rom mtkicebiT gunds mTeli
Tavisi qeisis wardgenis dros imdenad bevri ram aqvs saTqmeli, rom
mocemul droSi safuZvliani moxsenebis gakeTeba TiTqmis SeuZle-
belia (6 wT. _ pirvel momxsenebels, xolo danarCen ors 5-5 wuTi).
swored amitom, gundma unda SearCios informaciis gadmocemis
strategia, raTa gamosvlebi iyos Tanmimdevruli, SeTanxmebuli da
damajerebeli. pirvelma momxsenebelma unda warmoadginos gundis
poziciis mxolod monaxazi. mis funqciebSi ar Sedis damamtkicebe-
li masalisa da gegmis detalebis warmoCena, amitomac momxsenebelma
amaze dro ar unda daxarjos. masalisa da magaliTebis moyvana Seu-
Zlia meore mtkicebiTs Tavis gamosvlaSi, an jvaredini dakiTxvi-
sas, maSin, roca mowinaaRmdege gundi raime konkretul informacias
moiTxovs.
savarjiSo #6 `vipovoT upiratesobebi~
1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze modebateebi iyofian mcire jgufebad
da mexuTe gakveTilze Sesrulebuli savarjiSos safuZvelze (savar-
jiSo 5.) SeimuSaveben upiratesobebs mwvrTnelis mier Sesworebuli
gegmis mixedviT.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze gundebis warmomadgenlebi 3 wuTis gan-
mavlobaSi waradgenen upiratesobebs. mwvrTneli detalurad ganix-
ilavs gundebis moxsenebebs yoveli gamosvlis Semdeg;
116
VII gakveTili
mtkicebiTi pozicia
• meore saxis gamosavali _ 10 wT.
• savarjiSo `vipovoT gamosavali da upiratesobebi“ _ 70 wT.
meore saxis gamosavali

rodesac wina gakveTilebze saubari iyo gamosavalze, imTaviTve
naxsenebi iyo, rom problemis gadasaWrelad mtkicebiT gunds SeuZlia
gamoiyenos ori meTodi. erTi _ vrceli, detaluri gegmis wardgena.
meore ki SedarebiT ufro martivi gza. es aris mkafiod da lakonu-
rad (SesaZlebelia sulac erTi winadadebis saxiT) Camoyalibebuli
gamosavali, romlis wardgenas 10-15 wami moxmardeba.
am SemTxvevaSi, gamosavali iZens rezoluciis formas, romelsac
aqvs rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi mxare. gamosavali iseTi Ri-
rebulebebis matarebelia, romelic sadavo SeiZleba gaxdes. gamo-
savlis dadebiTi mxareebis dasabuTeba mouwevs swored mtkicebiT
gunds. mtkicebiTi gundis movaleobaa, dasabuTos, rom misi gamo-
savlis/ ganacxadis dadebiTi mxareebi imdenad mniSvnelovania da ise
safuZvlianad aRmofxvras problemas, rom namdvilad gadawonis im
uaryofiT momentebs, romlebic SesaZlebelia gaCndes kidec gamo-
savlis ganxorcielebis procesSi.
mtkicebiTma gundma Tavisi gamosavlis dasamtkiceblad unda Sei-
muSaos ramdenime argumenti. es argumentebi, erTi mxvriv, unda iyos
gamosavlis ganxorcielebis Sedegi, meore mxvriv ki, pirdapir unda
ukavSirdebodes problemas, mkafiod aCvenebdes, rom TiToeuli ar-
gumentiT aRmoifxvreba problemis romelime Zireuli sakiTxi.
TiToeuli argumenti mkafiod unda iyos formirebuli da gavr-
cobili. argumentebi unda gamyardes da dasabuTdes, rogorc logi-
kuri msjelobiT, aseve mtkicebulebebiT.
problemis gadaWris pirvel etapze modebatebi SeimuSaveben geg-
mas, Semdgom ki upiratesobebiT asabuTeben am gegmis Rirebulebas,
anu warmogvidgenen argumentacias, Tu ratom aris maTi gegma kargi.
asevea problemis gadaWris meore gzaSic. modebateebs evalebaT. ga-
nacxadis saxiT Camoyalibebul gamosavals mouZebnon Sesabamisi ar-
gumentebi, anu igive upiratesobebi. meore SemTxvevaSi, modebateebma
gacilebiT meti dro unda dauTmon upiratesobebis da argument-
aciis damtkicebas, vidre TviT gamosavlis wardgenas.
117
rodesac modebateTa gundi irCevs problemis gadaWris meore
strategias da gegmis nacvlad gvTavazobs mokled formirebul ga-
mosavals, Semdeg ki upiratesobebiT, argumentebiT ganmartavs am
gamosavlis dadebiT mxareebs _ mtkicebiT gunds ar sWirdeba dasab-
uTeba, rom gamosavali usaTuod, realurad ganxorceldeba. mtkice-
biTi gundi ambobs: `kargi iqneba, gamosavali ganxorcieldeba~ . . .
aseTi starategiis dros ar aris gansazRvruli gamosavlis arc erTi
konkretuli nabiji da, rac mTavaria, is ar pasuxobs SekiTxvebs _
rogor? da ramdeni?
mtkicebiTi gundis am strategias saerTaSoriso debatebis sazoga-
doeba fiats uwodebs.
savarjiSo # 7 `vipovoT gamosavali~
1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
debatebis mwvrTneli auditorias yofs 4-5 jgufad. TiToeul
gunds SesTavazebs 3 gansaxvavebul problemas. gundebma 10 wuTSi
unda moifiqron TiToeul problemasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime
gamosavali.
2 etapi _ 15 wuTi
meore etapze gundebi sam-sami wuTis ganmavlobaSi waradgenen
TavianT 3 gamosavals.
3 etapi _ 10 wuTi
debatebis mwvrTneli dafaze Camowers gundebis mier SemuSave-
bul yvela gamosavals. gaimarTeba diskusia, romlis drosac gundebi
SeimuSaveben samive problemasTan dakavSirebul erT yvelaze opti-
malur gamosavals.
4 etapi _ 15 wuTi
savarjiSos meoTxe etapze TiToeulma gundma TxuTmeti wuTis
ganmavlobaSi unda SeimuSaos da ganavrcos ramdenime argumenti,
romelic daasabuTebs imas, Tu ratom aris kargi maTi gamosavali.
5 etapi _ 20 wuTi
TiToeul gunds moxsenebisaTvis gamoeyofa 3 wuTi. yoveli gun-
dis gamosvlis Semdeg, debatebis mwvrTneli ganixilavs gundebis
mier SemuSavebul argumentebs.
118
VIII gakveTili
uarmyofeli pozicia
• uarmyofeli gundis movaleobebi da strategia _ 10 wT.
• uaryofisa da aRdgenis strategiebi _ 10 wT.
• cvlileba ar aris saWiro _ problema ar arsebobs _ 10 wT.
• savarjiSo `problemis uaryofa~ _ 60 wT.
uarmyofeli gundis movaleobebi da strategia

politikuri formatis debatebSi umniSvnelovanesi da gadamwy-
veti faqtori _ logikuri azrovnebaa. Tu mtkicebiTi gundis mov-
aleobebSi Sedis problemis safuZvliani Seswavlis Semdeg misi efeq-
turi wardgena, am problemis gadasaWreli gzebis povna da, bolos,
upiratesobebis saSualebiT gamosavlis vargisianobis dasabuTeba,
logikuria, rom sapirispiro mxarem unda SearCios yoveli konkre-
tuli TamaSisTvis gamosadegi efeqturi strategia da TamaSis dasaw-
yisSi dasaxul politikas bolomde miyves.
mtkicebiTi gundis mier SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebis sawi-
naaRmdegod, uarmyofelma gundma Tavisi pirveli moxsenebis win
mosafiqrebel droSi unda SearCios sami ZiriTadi strategiidan
erT-erTi: uarmyofelma gundma an unda daasabuTos, rom: cvlileba
ar aris saWiro, an cvlileba ar gaamarTlebs, an cvlileba sazianoa.
pirveli srtategiis SemTxvevaSi uarmyofeli asabuTebs, rom
problema an saerTod ar arsebobs da amitom mas arc mogvareba da
arc arsebul mdgomareobaSi cvlilebebi sWirdeba, an rom problema
cvlilebebis gareSec mogvardeba.
meore strategiis SemTxvevaSi, uarmyofeli asabuTebs, rom Semo-
Tavazebuli cvlileba ar gaamarTlebs, vinaidan arasworad aris
arCeuli moqmedebis subieqti, an arsebul viTarebaSi da pirobebSi
gegma Tu ganxorcieldeba, igi Sedegs ver gamoiRebs, an gegmis Ses-
ruleba Seyovndeba da droSi gaiweleba.
uarmyofeli gundi irCevs strategias, romlis mixedviTac asab-
uTebs, rom gegma sazianoa. man unda daamtkicos, rom gegmis ganxor-
cielebis SemTxvevaSi Seiqneba seriozuli moraluri naklovanebebi,
realuri ziani, safrTxe. SeiZleba SemuSavdes iseTi Teoria, romlis
mixedviTac, Tu gegmas erTi jgufi Seasrulebs, mas kargi Sedegi
eqneba, magram Tu imaves sxva gaimeorebs, SeiZleba es saziano gamodg-
es.
119
arsebobs jaWvuri reaqciis Teoria, romelic am SemTxvevaSi xSir-
ad gamoiyeneba da amtkicebs, rom moqmedebas aucileblad mohyveba
meore, mesame da a.S. nabiji, romelic garkveuli drois Semdeg uares
problemebamde migviyvans.
uarmyofelma gundma winaswar ar icis, Tu ra problemaze SeaC-
erebs arCevans mtkicebiTi gundi da romel konkretul politikas
miemxroba. miuxedavad amisa, uarmyofeli gundis warmatebis sawindari
sadebato sakiTxebis irgvliv masalebis safuZvliani Seswavla, Sem-
deg ki mtkicebiTi gundis SesaZlo poziciis uaryofaa. amisaTvis
uarmyofelma SeiZleba gamoiyanos oponentebis mier SemoTavazebuli
logikuri struqtura: problema, brali, gegmis elementebi (vin? ra?
rogor? ramdeni?) da bolos _ upiratesobebi.
debatebis mosagebad uarmyofelma gundma unda moigos mtkicebi-
Tis mier SemoTavazebuli politikis erT-erTi elementi. swored es
aris politikuri debatebis logikuri arsi.
uaryofisa da aRdgenis strategiebi

uarmyofelma gundma mtkicebiTi mxaris mier SemoTavazebuli
politikis erT-erTi elementi unda moigos. es sruliad logikuria,
vinaidan, Tu uarmyofeli daamtkicebs, rom problema ar arsebobs,
maSasadame, cvlilebebic ar aris saWiro da mtkicebiTi mxaris mier
SemuSavebul gamosavalze an upiratesobebze gadasvla da maTi uary-
ofa sruliad zedmetia. am SemTxvevaSi, uarmyofelma gundma TamaSis
mimdinareobis manZilze mTeli Tavisi yuradReba, dro da informacia
unda daxarjos imis mtkicebaze, rom cvlileba ar aris saWiro. mt-
kicebiTma gundma mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi unda aRadginos Tavisi
problema da daasabuTos, rom cvlilebebis gatareba aucilebelia.
Tu uarmyofeli gundi CaTvlis, rom problema namdvilad saWi-
roebs mogvarebas, magram gzebi, romlebic dasaxa mtkicebiTma mxarem
da gegma, romelmac unda gadaWras problema _ ar varga, maSin uarmy-
ofelma problemis mokle mimoxilvis Semdeg, unda daasabuTos, rom
amgvari gegma ar gaamarTlebs. an moqmedebis subieqti ar aris swo-
rad gansazRvruli, an Semosatania axali kontrgegma, romelic ukeT
gadaWris problemas. aqac moqmedebs is martivi logika, rom Tuki
uarmyofelma gundma airCia gamosavlis, gegmis uaryofis strategia,
maSin man aRar unda daxarjos dro upiratesobebis uaryofaze.
analogiurad, Tu uarmyofelma gundma miznad daisaxa imis damt-
kiceba rom `gamosavliT“ aramarto ar miiRweva dadebiTi Sedegebi,
aramed SeiZleba sazianoc ki gamodges gegmis ganxorcieleba da Sesa-
bamisad, problema ar gadaiWreba, maSin gegmis niuansze yuradRebis
120
SeCereba da droisa da energiis daxarjva ar Rirs.
mtkicebiTi mxare yovelTvis unda miyves uarmyofelis logikas
da aRadginos swored is punqti, romelsac Seexo oponenti gundi.
mtkicebiTi gundi problemis aRmosafxvrelad martivi tipis ga-
mosavals irCevs, anu lakonurad formirebuli ganacxadi Semoaqvs,
igi argumentebiT amtkicebs Tavis pozicias. uarmyofeli gundi
logikuri msjelobiT da faqtebiT unda daupirispirdes am argu-
ments. efeqturi iqneba kontrargumentebis Semotana. am SemTxvevaSi,
mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli gundebis Serkineba sxvadasxva faseu-
lobisa da Rirebulebis ideaTa da mosazrebaTa SejaxebiT ganxor-
cieldeba.
problma ar arsebobs
erT-erTi strategiaa, romelic SeiZleba airCios uarmyofelma
gundma, aris im faqtis damtkiceba, rom mtkicebiTis mier wamoWrili
problema an saerTod ar arsebobs, an arc imdenad seriozulia, ro-
gorc amas oponenti amtkicebs. imisaTvis, rom uarmyofelma amgvari
strategiiT seriozulad SeZlos wamoWrili problemis uaryofa,
mas es problema winaswar safuZvlianad unda hqondes Seswavlili.
uSualod TamaSis dros uarmyofelma yuradRebiT unda moisminos
da saguldagulod Caiweros mtkicebiTis mier wamoWrili problemis
gansazRvreba. Semdeg ki eWvis qveS daayenos, sworad aris Tu ara
warmoCenili status_kvo, xom ar aris igi gazviadebuli an, iqneb,
sulac ar Seefereba simarTles. uarmyofelma unda dasvas kiTxva:
`realuria Tu ara is uaryofiTi Sedegebi, romlebsac mtkicebiTi
gundi uqadis sazogadoebas problemis gadauWrelobis SemTxvevaSi~?
mniSvnelovania, rom uarmyofelma gundma yuradReba miaqcios, ram-
denad sworad aris dafiqsirebuli problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi da
aris Tu ara problema sakmarisad moculobiTi imisaTvis, rom masze
Rirdes yuradRebis SeCereba.
pirvel uarmyofels Tavis gamosvlaSi mouwevs utyuari faqteb-
isa da statistikuri masalis moSvelieba. mxolod gaxmaurebuli
monacemebisa da avtoritetuli eqpertebis azrze dayrdnobiT Se-
Zlebs uarmyofeli gundi imis damtkicebas, rom problema ar aris
imdenad mniSvnelovani, rom masze Rirdes droisa da resursebis dax-
arjva. uarmyofelma gundma imdenad safuZvlianad da damajereblad
unda warmoadginos yovelive es, rom mas amisaTvis SesaZlebelia
dasWirdes sakuTari gamosavlis sruli dro. momxsenebels Tamamad
SeuZlia daxarjos mTeli es dro mxolod problemis uaryofaze,
vinaidan logikuria, rom gegmaze da upiratesobebze gadasvla mas
121
sul ar mouwevs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom uarmyofelma gundma
winaswar ar icis, ra problemas wamoWris mtkicebiTi gundi, pirveli
mtkicebiTis gamosvlis Semdeg, mosafiqrebeli drois msvlelobisas,
kargad unda awon-dawonos sakuTari SesaZleblobebi. uarmyofelma
mxarem swrafad unda gaarkvios aqvs Tu ara safuZvlianad Seswavli-
li is konkretuli problema, romelic mtkicebiTma wamoWra da aqvs
Tu ara imdenad seriozuli uarmyofeli masala, rom Rirdes amgvari
strategiiT TamaSis wayvana. Tu uarmyofel gunds problemis pun-
qtebTan dakavSirebiT seriozuli monacemebi da daskvnebi ar gaaCnia,
maSin yuradRebis gadatana sjobs gamosavalsa da upiratesobebze.
savarjiSo #8 `problemis uaryofa~
1 etapi _ 20 wuTi
auditoria iyofa oTx jgufad da urigdebaT masala, sadac war-
modgenilia erTi problema da masTan dakavSirebuli urTierTsa-
pirispiro mosazrebebi. kenWisyris mixedviT, jgufebs gaunawildebaT
funqciebi. amgvarad, Camoyalibdeba I mtkicebiTi jgufi. I uarmyofe-
li jgufi, II mtkicebiTi jgufi, II uarmyofeli jgufi, yvela monawile
gaecnoba masalas da moaxdens am masalis diferencirebas imis mixed-
viT, Tu masalis ra punqtebi amtkiceben problemis arsebobas da ra
punqtebi uaryofen mas.
2 etapi _20 wuTi

savarjiSos meore etapi mTlianad daeTmoba TamaSs. I mtkicebiTi
gundi ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi wamoWris problemas da akeTebs mis
zogad monaxazs, I uarmyofeli uaryofs problemas sami wuTis gan-
mavlobaSi, II mtkicebiTi faqtebze dayrdnobiT, isev aRadgens prob-
lemas, xolo II uarmyofeli gundi kvlav uaryofs mas. uaryofa da
aRdgena am TamaSSi faqtebze dayrdnobiTa da logikuri daskvnebis
safuZvelze unda Sedges.
3 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze debatebis mwvrTneli gaakeTebs ko-
mentarebs, aRniSnavs Sejaxebebs da daafiqsirebs, zustad upirisp-
irdebodnen Tu ara gundebi erTmaneTs da ra Secdomebi dauSves. am
savarjiSos daxmarebiT, modebateebi swavloben, rogor daupirisp-
irdnen problemas. muSaoben masalebze da gaivarjiSeben debatebis
TamaSis teqnikaSi. es savarjiSo iTvaliswinebs momxsenebelTa pasux-
ismgeblobis ukeT gagebas.
122
IX gakveTili
problemis uaryofa
• arsebuli mdgomareoba TviTon gadaWris problemas _ 10 wT.
• mtkicebiTma gundma arasworad gansazRvra brali _ 10 wuTi.
• gegmis uaryofa _ 30 wT.
• savarjiSo: `problemis uaryofa“ _ 60 wT.
arsebuli mdgomareoba TviTon gadaWris problemas

uarmyofelma gundma TamaSis procesSi SesaZlebelia dainaxos,
rom mtkicebiTis problema iseTi problemebis kategorias gane-
kuTvneba, romelic arsebul sistemaSi ukve zis. problema ganekuTvne-
ba im kompleqss, romelic mTavrobis mier ukve dafiqsirebulia da
zomebic miRebulia. amdenad, calke masze yuradRebis SeCereba da
zedmeti xarjebis gaReba ar aris mizanSewonili. uarmyofelma gun-
dma faqtebze dayrdnobiT unda daamtkicos, rom Tuki iqneba dro da
movlenebi arsebul pirobebSi ganviTardeba, maSin mTavrobis poli-
tika TviTon gadaWris problemas da igi aRar iarsebebs. Tuki uarmy-
ofeli gundi gadawyvets imis damtkicebas, rom cvlileba ar aris
saWiro, jer unda daeTanxmos, rom problema marTlac arsebobs da,
Tanac, Zalzed seriozuli da kvlav aRadginos sakuTari problema.
mtkicebiTma gundma arasworad gansazRvra brali

mtkicebiTi gundi, problemis gansazRvrisas, mizezebTan erTad
asaxelebs imas, Tu visi an risi bralia problemis warmoqmna. TavisTa-
vad, es punqti TiTqos arc ise mniSvnelovania, rom uarmyofelma mas-
Tan dapirispireba gadawyvitos, magram arsebobs garkveuli SemTx-
vevebi, rodesac problemis gadaWris gza gaamarTlebs mxolod da
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu brali sworad aris gansazRvruli.
gegmis uaryofa
politikuri debatebis formatSi erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelova-
ni arsobrivi sakiTxia, _ mtkicebiTi gundis mier problemis gadaW-
ris gzebisa da meTodebis SeTavazeba. uarmyofeli mxarec swored am
punqtisaken mimarTavs Tavis yuradRebas da cdilobs eWvi Seitanos
problemis gadaWris gzebsa da meTodebSi.
123
rodesac mtkicebiTi gundi irCevs gamosavlis im taqtikas, sadac
gacemulia pasuxebi kiTxvebze vin? ra? rogor? ramdeni? sTavazobs
problemis gadaWras konkretuli gegmiT, _ logikuria, rom uarmy-
ofeli gundi ieriSs swored am sakvanZo sakiTxebze miitans.
uaryofis starategiaSi mTavaria, rom uarmyofelma gundma mt-
kicebiT poziciaSi xarvezi ipovos iq, sadac es xarvezi namdvilad
aris da Semdgom mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi ar gadauxvios dasaxul
gzas.
uarmyofelma gundma unda moaxerxos mtkicebis poziciaSi ga-
mosavlis susti mxareebis sworad da zustad danaxva, Semdeg ki maTi
logikurad da argumentirebulad uaryofa. amisaTvis uarmyofelma
gundma unda dainaxos, qvemoT CamoTvlili punqtebidan romeli es-
adageba mtkicebiTis mier warmodgenil gegmas.
• gegma absurdulia da fantaziis nayofia;

• arsebul socialur, politikur, ekonomikur Tu samarTlebriv
fonze gegma ver ganxorcieldeba;
• gegmis sxvadasxva nabiji, anu gegmis Sesrulebis etapebi ar See-
sabameba erTimeores da urTierTgamomricxavia;
• gegmis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, mas ar eqneba samarTlebri-
vi Sedegi, anu igi ar Secvlis status-kvos ukeTesobisaken;
• gegmis ganxorcielebas mohyveba garkveuli dadebiTi Sedegebi,
magram problema mainc ar gadaiWreba;
• gegmis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, saxeze gvaqvs ziani da gegma
gaauaresebs isedac cud mdgomareobas (am strategiis gamoyen-
ebis SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia Candes mizezSedeobrivi kavSiri
faqtebs Soris);
• gegma momavalSi raRac qmedebas gamoiwvevs, romelic negatiur
• Sedegs moitans;
• gegmis danxarjebi ar amarTlebs (gegmis ganxorcielebisTvis
imdeni xarjia gaweuli, rom saxeze gvaqvs materialuri zarali,
romelic imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom gadawonis status-kvos.
anu ar Rirs aseTi gziT problemis gamosworeba);
• gegma imdenad farTo da masStaburia, imdenad moculobiTia,
rom misi Sesruleba gaZneldeba. gegmis TiToeuli nabijis Ses-
ruleba kidev damatebiT gegmebs moiTxovs;
• arasworad aris gansazRvruli moqmedebis subieqti;
• mtkicebiTis mier SemoTavazebuli gegma status-kvos nawilia,
anu amgvari gegma ukve xorcieldeba.
124
zemoT CamoTvlili punqtebi daexmareba uarmyofels yoveli
TamaSisTvis mosargebi individualuri uaryofis taqtika SearCios.
debatebis xelovnebaSi cnobilia, rom uryevi pozicia ar arsebobs.
nebismier, yvelaze idealur gegmasac ki moeZebneba susti mxareebi.
mTavaria modebateebma kargad gaigon oponentebis pozicia da swra-
fad moaxdinon reagireba mowinaaRmdegis mier daSvebul Secdomebze.
rodesac uarmyofeli gundi Camoayalibebs Tavis strategias,
logikuria, rom zemoT CamoTvlili sakmaod danawevrebuli xasiaTis
ramdenime punqti gaerTiandeba da uaryofis Zlier birTvs Seqmnis.
uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia SearCios uaryofis misTvis sasurveli
da mosaxexxebeli nebismieri strategia, magram yvelaze ufro efeq-
turi strategia is iqneboda, Tu uarmyofeli SeZlebda imis damt-
kicebas, rom mtkicebiTis mier SemoTavazebuli gegma gamoiwvevs
zians. rodesac mtkicebiTi gundi warmoadgens gegmiT miRweul Se-
degebs da upiratesobebs, ra Tqma unda, kargi iqneba uarmyofelis
mxridan imis dasabuTeba, rom am gegmiT es upiratesobebi ar miiRweva
da problema ar gadaiWreba. magram kidev ufro mniSvnelovani da
efeqturi iqneba, Tuki uarmyofeli gegmis naklovanebebTan erTad
dagvanaxebs zians, romelic moyveba gegmis ganxorcielebas. anu upi-
ratesobebis nacvlad, saxeze gveqneba zarali da status-kvo aramc
Tu gaumjobesdeba, aramed gauaresdeba, problema ki ufro Rrma da
maStaburi gaxdeba.
savarjiSo #9 `gegmis uaryofa~

1 etapi _ 40 wuTi
savarjiSos dawyebis win monawileebs vTxovT, rom Camoayalibon
gundebi ise, rogorc es savarjiSo #5 Sesrulebisas iyo Camoyalibe-
buli. gavixsenoT, rom am gundebma savarjiSo #5 Sesrulebis dros
SeimuSaves gegma, romelic Semdgom daxvewes. savarjiSos pirvel
etapze gundebi waradgenen TavianT gegmebs samwuTiani moxsenebebis
saxiT. oponenti gundebi gaakeTeben Canawerebs, romlis safuZvelzec
20 wTuis ganmavlobaSi SeimuSaveben gegmis uaryofis strategias da
Camoayalibeben uarmyofel pozicias.
2 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos meore etapze gundebi waradgenen uarmyofel po-
zicias. debatebis mwvrTneli dafaze Seasrulebs Canawers, romlis
mixedviTac yoveli gamoslis Semdeg detalrad ganixilavs TiToeul
gamosvlas.
125
X gakveTili
qeisis ZiriTadi nawilis aRdgena
• gegmis aRdgena _ 20 wuTi.
• savarjiSo `gegmis uaryofa da aRdgena~ _ 60 wuTi.
gegmis aRdgena
debatebis teqnikaSi, uaryofis strategiis SerCevas da ganxor-
cielebas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. Tumca gadamwyvetia is, Tu ram-
denad sworad SeZlebs mtkicebiTi gundi Tavisi Seryeuli poziciis
aRdgenas. wina TavebSi Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom mtkicebiTma gundma
unda aRadginos swored is punqtebi, rasac uarmyofeli mxare Se-
exo. gadamwyveti faqtori ki mkicebiTi poziciis aRdgenaSi sakuTar
gegmasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis Rrma Sinaarsobrivi gageba da
konkretuli faqtebis, magaliTebis flobaa. mtkicebiT gunds ara-
marto Zireulad unda hqondes gaazrebuli sakuTari gegmis esa Tu
is niuansi, aramed man unda SeZlos daasabuTos mizezSedegobrivi
damokidebuleba Tavisi gegmis ama Tu im nabijsa da Sedegs Soris.
mtkicebiTma mxarem winaswar unda gaaanalizos sakuTari gegmis
susti mxareebi da sadavo sakiTxebi da Seecados, winaswar gaTvalos,
ra punqtebTan dakavSirebiT Seecdeba uarmyofeli mxare dapirisp-
irebas. mtkicebiTma mxarem TamaSis procesSi kargad unda mousmi-
nos uaryofas da sworad Seafasos uarmyofelis argumentebi Tavisi
gegmis SedegebTan dakavSirebiT. amve dros, mtkicebiTi mxare unda
yvelanairad Seecados, rom debatebi ZiriTadad mimarTos Sedegebze
da upiratesobebze.
Tu mtkicebiTma mxarem moaxerxa uarmyofeli gundis mier geg-
mis xarvezebisaken an gegmis uaryofiTi Sedegebisaken mimarTuli
taqtikis Semobruneba da sakuTari gegmebis dadebiTi Sedegebisa da
upiratesobebisaken msjelobis gadatana, maSin igi ukeTes viTarebaSi
daayenebs sakuTar pozicias. es ki niSnavs, rom mtkicebiTi mxare Se-
Zlebs sakuTar upiratesobebTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi damamt-
kicebeli masalis gamoyenebas.
mtkicebiTma gundma jer kidev TamaSisaTvis momzadebis dros
unda ecados yvela im SesaZlo zianis gamovlena, rac ki SeiZleba
warmoiqmnas gegmis Sesrulebis Sedegad, Semdeg ki Seadaros es zi-
ani upiratesobebs da gaaanalizos SeZlebs Tu ara upiratesobebi
zianis gadawonvas. poziciis amgvari momzadeba uTuod sargeblobas
126
moutans mtkicebiT gunds da ufro damajerebels gaxdis spikerTa
gamosvlebs. mtkicebiTma gundma Tavis bolo gamosvlaSi yuradReba
aucileblad unda gaamaxvilos swored imaze, rom SemoTavazebuli
cvlilebebi ufro met upiratesobebs moicavs, vidre zians da sab-
oloo jamSi es cvlilebebi sargeblobas moutons sazogadoebas.
mtkicebiTi gundis kidev erTi strategiuli svlaa im meTodis
gamoyeneba, roca mtkicebiTi mxare TviTon daaswrebs uarmyofels
Tavisive gegmis SesaZlo naklovanebebis dafiqsirebas da winas-
war SesTavazebs am naklovanebebis gamabaTilebel argumentebsa Tu
magaliTebs. am gziT mtkicebiTi gundi abnevs uarmyofels, xelidan
aclis argumentebs, romlebic mas jer arcki gamouyenebia da uCvenebs
msajs, Tu ra windaxeduli gundia da umtkicebs sakuTari gegmis si-
Zlieres, misi saukeTeso mxareebis ufro damajereblad warmodgeniT.
am strategiis gamoyenebis dros mtkicebiTi mxare unda iyos metad
frTxili, vinaidan Tu mtkicebiTi gundis warmomadgeneli daibna, es
Canafiqri SeiZleba Tavisive sawinaaRmdegod Semotrialdes. uarmy-
ofelma mxarem SeiZleba xelSi Caigdos mtkicebiTis gegmis susti
mxareebis mniSvnelovani monacemebi, daumatos sakuTari faqtebi da
Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenos yovelive es.
savarjiSo #10 ` gegmis uaryofa da aRdgena~
1 etapi _ 20
savarjiSos dawyebisas auditorias vyofT mcire jgufebad da
vurigebT winaswar momzadebul gegmas, romelsac aqvs xarvezebi.
gundebma 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda SeimuSavon gegmis uaryofis
strategia da uarmyofeli pozicia.
masalebi:
rezolucia : saqarTveloSi nafici msajulebis instituti unda
ganviTardes.
problema : arsebuli sasamarTlo sistema ver uzrunvelyofs
udanaSaulo pirTa gamarTlebas.
gamosavali :
vin?
moqmedebis subieqti _ iusticiis saministro
127
ra? da rogor?
• mTavrobam unda SemoiRos nafic msajulTa instituti. yvela
kategoriis danaSaulebTan mimarTebaSi SemuSavebuli iqneba
kriteriumebi, romelTa mixedviT unda SeirCnen nafici msaju-
lebi.
• unda Seiqmnas konsultantTa samsaxuri, romelic SearCevs naf-
ic msajulebs yoveli konkretuli sasamarTlo procesisaTvis.
• nafici msajulebi procesis dros unda iyvnen izolirebulni,
raTa ar moxdes maTze zewola. amisaTvis sasamarTlosTan unda
moewyos sastumro.
• nafic msajulTa gadawyvetileba unda iyos erTsulovani, ami-
saTvis parlamentma damatebiTi cvlilebebi unda Seitanos
kanonSi.
xarji :
• im pirTa siis Sedgenas romlebic Seesabamebian msajulis pozi-
cias _ 30 000 lari (xarjebi gadanawildeba teqnikur person-
alze, sakomunikacio saSualebebis danaxarjebsa da sxva teqni-
kur xarjebze).
• siis mixedviT arCeuli pirebisaTvis uwyebebis gagzavnis xar-
jebi _ 10 000 lari (sakomunikacio da teqnikuri xarjebi).
• potenciuri nafici msajulebidan miukerZoebel pirTa SerCevis
xarjebi _ 120 000 lari wliurad. (Tanxebi daixarjeba konsult-
antebis momzadebaze da mecnierul gamokvlevebze, romelTa
mixedviTac SeirCevian piruTvneli nafici msajulebi).
• nafic msajulTa dakompleqteba da xelfasebi da dRiuri xar-
jebi, sastumros mSenebloba _ 150000 lari
1. etapi _ 20 wuTi
gundebi 4 wuTiani moxsenebis saSualebiT axdenen gegmis uaryo-
fas. mwvrTneli ganixilavs yoveli gundis moxsenebas.
2. etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze mwvrTneli Tavad gamodis uarmyofeli
poziciis dasacavad da saubrobs im strategiebze romelTa gamoyen-
ebac SeiZleboda uaryofis dros. modebateebi akeTeben mwvrTnelis
gamosvlis Canawers, raTa savarjiSos Semdgom etapze moaxdinon qei-
sis aRdgena am masalasTan mimarTebaSi.
debatebis mwvrTneli ganmartavs, rom:
• swored aq dgeba is gadamwyveti momenti, rodesac uarmyofelma
128
gundma unda gamoavlinos sakiTxis Rrma wvdoma, codna da Tavisi
argumentebis dasamtkiceblad moiyvanos araerTi faqti. Tu mod-
ebateebi ar arian kargad gaTviTcnobierebulni im sakiTxSi, ra sak-
iTxzec midis diskusia, veraviTari ritorikuli an stilisturi
xriki ver Seavsebs faqtebis naklebobas.
• zemoT warmodgenil gegmasTan dakavSirebiT mtkicebiTi gundisaT-
vis momgebiani iqneboda yuradRebis gamaxvileba im sakiTxebze ram-
denad SesaZlebelia da realuria arsebul politikur, socialur
da ekonomikur viTarebaSi miukerZoebeli msajulebis povna da
rogoria Zvirad anazRaurebadi konsultantebis roli msajulTa
SerCevis procesSi.
• uarmyofeli gundis warmomadgenlebma unda aRniSnon, rom mar-
Talia msajulTa SerCeva yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe
demokratiulia, magram arsebobs bevri faqti, rodesac msajulTa
gadawyvetilebaze gavlenas axdenda maTi rasobrivi, sqesobrivi,
seqsualuri, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnileba (mag: 1994 w. me-
nensebis saqme, 1992 w. rodni kingis saqme, 1992w. lemrik nelsonis
saqme da a.S. _ faqtebi unda iyos gaSifruli). anu daskvna aseTia:
Tuki arsebobs faqtebi, romelTa mixedviT msajulebi TavianTi
rasobrivi Tu sqesobrivi kuTvnilebis gamo uSveben Segnebul Tu
uneblie Secdomebs, maSasadame, upiratesobebis nacvlad gveqneba
ziani. procentulad SeiZleba gaizardos damnaSaveTa usafuZvlod
gamarTlebis ricxvi.
• amave dros uarmyofelebs SeuZliaT moiyvanon faqtebi. person-
alur tramvebTan dakavSirebul saqmeebze nafic msajulTa gad-
awyvetilebebi ufro emociebs efuZneba vidre faqtebs. (mag: 1994w.
niu-meqsikoSi makdonaldsis dajarimeba 3 milioni dolariT)
• uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia agreTve gaamaxvilos yuradReba imaze,
rom miuxedavad imisa, rom nafic msajulTa sistema keTilSobilur
principebs efuZvneba, zogjer SeiZleba moxdes am sistemis boro-
tad gamoyeneba. magaliTad es exeba konsultantebs, romlebic sx-
vadasxva mecnieruli meTodiT arCeven nafic msajulebs. konsult-
antis momsaxurebiT ufleba aqvs isargeblos ara mxolod dacvis
mxares, aramed prokurorsac. kritikosebi evropaSi Tvlian, rom
nafic msajulTa mecnieruli SerCeva safrTxes uqmnis sistemis
arss, radgan orive mxare cdilobs SearCios misTvis ufro sasur-
velad mikerZoebuli msajulebi, vidre piruTvnelni. es problema
gansakuTrebiT mwvavdeba, rodesac mxolod erT mxares aqvs sak-
marisi finansuri resursi konsultantebis dasaqiraveblad, Sede-
gad am mxares SeuZlia miiRos gansaxilvelad saqmisadmi simpaTiiT
129
ganwyobili msajulebiT dakompleqtebuli Jiuri.
• uarmyofel mxares SeuZlia xazi gausvas kidev erT mniSvnelovan
sakiTxs, _ ramdenad esmiT da asruleben nafici msajulebi im
samarTlebriv instruqciebs, romlebsac maT mosamarTle aZlevs.
problemas qmnis isic, rom es instruqciebi dawerilia metismetad
rTul iuridiul enaze, rac umetesobisaTvis rTulad aRsaqmelia.
• saintereso iqneba uarmyofli gundis mxridan yuradRebis SeCer-
eba nafic msajulTa fsiqologiur mdgomareobaze procesis msv-
lelobis dros. Tuki nafic msajulebs ar eqnebaT ufleba, mTeli
sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi wavidnen saxlSi. marTalia
izolirebis mizania, moaridon nafici msajulebi mediis zegavle-
nas, ramac SesaZloa, aacdinos msajulebis gadawyvetileba im re-
alobas, romelic mxareTa Cvenebebs efuZneba, magram izolacias
aqvs uaryofiTi mxareebic: is fsiqologiur zegavlenas axdens naf-
ic msajulebze da maT cixeSi yofnis gancda euflebaT.
• uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia xarvezi ipovos gegmis im punqtSi, sa-
dac naxsenebia, rom msajulebis gadawyvetileba erTsulovani unda
iyos. vTqvaT, rom Jiuri ver iRebs erTsulovan gadawyvetilebas.
aseT Jiuris CixSi Sesuls uwodeben. aseTi procesi SeiZleba gaiwe-
los da did materialur xarjebTan iyos dakavSirebuli. kargia, Tu
uarmyofeli mxare aRniSnavs, rom SesaZlebelia nafic msajulebs
ar gaaCndeT unari, saTanadod gaigon rTul saqmeebze micemuli
eqspertuli Cvenebebi. Teoriulad nafic msajulebs aqvT sakmao
cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba, raTa saTanadod aRiqvan procesze
gansaxilveli sakiTxebi. praqtikaSi ki isini SesaZloa verc SeZle-
ben iseTi sakiTxebis gadawyvetas, rac maTTvis sakmaod ucxoa.
• bolos, kargi iqneba, Tuki uarmyofeli gundi moiyvans konkre-
tul statistikas imis Sesaxeb, rom iklo mosamarTleTa ndobam
nafic msajulTa mimarT, rom bolodroindelma procesebma a.S.S-Si
warmoSva eWvi, rom nafic msajulTa Jiuri ar cnobs mZime damna-
Saveebad mkvlelebs mxolod da mxolod sikvdiliT dasjis mimarT
protestis gamoxatvis mizniT.
• daskvnis saxiT ki unda iTqvas, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqos
nafic msajulTa sistema demokratiuli da humanuria, igi ar iZle-
va garantias rom gadawyvetilebebi sworad iqneba miRebuli. sax-
eze gveqneba aSkara zarali, romelic gadawonis mTel rig upi-
ratesobebs. arsebuli mdgomareoba ki kidev ufro damZimdeba da
gamwvavdeba.
Tavisi moxsenebis Semdeg mwvrTneli daavalebs modebateebs sam-
kaciani gundebis Camoyalibebas da winamdebare masalebze dayrdno-
biT momaval gakveTilamde aRdgenis gegmebis moifiqrebas.
130
uaryofa da aRdgena
XI gakveTili
oponireba
• kontrgegmis Semotana _15 wuTi
• moqmedebis subieqtze mimarTulikontr-gegma _ 15 wuTi
• gegmis aRdgena kontr-gegmis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi _ 15 wuTi
• savarjiSo `kontr-gegmis Semotana ~_ 60 wuTi
kontrgegmis Semotana
uarmyofeli gundis meore Zalian mniSvnelovani strategia SeiZ-
leba gaxdes kontr-gegmis Semotana. aqamde uarmyofeli gundis
strategia mTlianad mimarTuli iyo mtkicebiTis mier SemoTavaze-
buli gegmis uaryofaze. anu uarmyofeli ar eTanxmeba oponents im
meTodebsa da gzebSi, ra meTodebiTac mtkicebiTi apirebs sistemaSi
cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas. politikuri formatis debatebSi uar-
myofelebs aseve SeuZliaT daamtkicon, rom gegma, romelsac oponen-
tebi gvTavazoben, ar aris problemis gadaWris saukeTeso saSualeba
da SemogvTavazon problemis gadaWris sakuTari gza.
kontr-gegmis SemotanasTan dakavSirebiT gaTvaliswinebulia
erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtori. misi Semotana mizanSewonilia mxo-
lod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gundma ganaxorciela TiTqmis idealu-
ri uaryofa, gamoiyena magaliTebi, dasva ritorikuli SekiTxvebi,
imsjela logikurad da warmoadgina Zlieri argumentacia. yovelives
moxerxeba da amavdroulad sakuTari kontr-gegmis Semotana 6 wuTSi
TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. xolo Tuki uaryofa ar iqneba srulyofili,
kontr-gegmis Semotana yovelgvar azrs kargavs. aris SemTxvevebi,
rodesac modebateebi, sakuTari kontr-gegmis efeqturad wardgenis
mizniT, saswrafod eTanxmebian problemas, erTi-ori sityviT mimoi-
xilaven mtkicebiTis gegmas da gadadian sakuTari gegmis (kontr-
gegmis) wardgenaze da dasabuTebaze. aseTi TamaSi uintereso da
absurduli xdeba. gamodis, rom uarmyofeli gundi pozicias ucv-
lis mtkicebiTs, romelsac Semdgom uarmyofelis gegmis gabaTile-
ba uwevs. aseTi kerZo SemTxvevebis dros mtkicebiTi mxare ar unda
Secdes da gamosvlebis drois umetesi nawili kvlav Tavisi poziciis
upiratesobis mtkicebas unda dauTmos da ara kontr-gegmis uaryo-
fas. ase rom, umetes SemTxvevaSi kontr-gegmis Semotana ar aris lo-
gikuri da momgebiani.
Tuki uarmyofeli gundi mainc gadawyvets kontr_gegmis Semota-
131
nas, es unda gaakeTos pirveli uarmyofelis gamosvlaSi, raTa mtki-
cebiT gunds SesaZlebloba mieces, efeqturad gasces pasuxi uarmyo-
felis winadadebas.
pirveli, rac unda gvaxsovdes aseTi strategiis arCevisas, aris
is, rom kontr-gegma unda iyos gegmis absoluturad sawinaaRmdego
moqmedeba da gamoricxavdes am oris erTdroulad ganxorcielebas.
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, uarmyofelma gundma unda SemogvTavazos
iseTi kontr-gegma, romelic ver ganxorcieldeba maSin, rodesac
cxovrebaSi gatardeba mtkicebiTis mier SemoTavazebuli winadade-
ba. anu orive gegma erTdroulad ver ganxorcieldeba imitom, rom
logikurad isini erTmaneTs gamoricxaven.
mniSvnelovani isaa, rom uarmyofelis mier SemoTavazebuli geg-
ma mniSvnelovnad unda gansxvavdebodes mtkicebiTi gundis mier Se-
muSavebuli gegmisgan _ axali gegma ar unda iyos Zveli gegmis gaum-
jobebuli, mcireodeni cvlilebis Semtani varianti.
Tu ori gegma unda iyos urTierTgamomricxavi _ martivad Tu vi-
tyviT, Tu mtkicebiTi gundi amtkicebs, rom raRac sakiTxi aris `kar-
gi~. uarmyopelma aucileblad unda amtkicos, rom es aris `cudi“ da
ara is,crom SeiZleba raRac amaze ukeTesi an SedarebiT kargi iyos.
Tu ase ar moxdeba mtkicebiTs eqneba Sansi, gamoiyenos uarmyofelis
kontr-gegma, `miitacos“ is da gaaumjobesos Tavisi pozicia.
magaliTad:
rezolucia: saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos ganaTlebis maRali
done umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebSi.
problema: ucxo enebis swavlebis meTodebi umaRles saswavleb-
lebSi ar Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs.
gamosavali:
• unda gamovavlinoT is programebi romlebic Tanamedrove
standartebis mixedviT cvlilebebs saWiroebs.
• ucxo enebis swavlebis Tanamedrove midgomebis SemuSavebisa da
kvalificirebuli pedagogiuri Semadgenlobis dasakompleqte-
blad specialistebi da pedagogebi yovelwliurad mivavlinoT
msoflios wamyvan universitetebSi.
kontrgegma:
uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia daasabuTos, rom reformis gatareb-
isTvis da ucxouri Tanamedrove meTodebisaTvis ar aris saWiro
amdeni adamianis sazRvargareT gagzavna. gacilebiT ufro iafi da
efeqturi iqneba, ucxoeli specialistebis weliwadSi ramdenjerme
mowveva da farTo auditoriaze gaTvlili treningebis saqarTvelo-
Si Catareba.
132
erTi SexedviT, uarmyofeli gundis mier SemoTavazebuli kontr-
gegma namdvilad mosawonia, namdvilad ar aris gamoricxuli ufro
kargi Sedegis miRweva da saxsrebis dazogvac momgebiani iqneba sax-
elmwifosTvis. magram es gegma sruliad ar gamoricxavs mtkicebiTis
gegmas. savsebiT SesaZlebelia am ori gegmis SeTavseba, anu qarTveli
leqtorebis sazRvargareT gagzavna kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad da
amave dros, ucxoeli specialistebis Camoyvana. ase rom, uarmyofe-
lis kontr-gegma aseTi saxiT ar miiReba.
amave dros, mniSvnelovania, rom kontr-gegma ar warmoadgens sta-
tus-avos nawils. anu kontr-gegma mniSvnelovnad unda gansxvavde-
bodes im gegmebisgan, rac ukve xorcieldeba problemis gadaWrasTan
dakavSirebiT.
moqmedebis subieqtze mimarTulikontr-gegma

erTi, rac yvela gegmas saerTo aqvs, aris is, rom maT hyavT moqme-
debis subieqti, anu Semsrulebeli. gansazRvruli subieqtis SemTxvevaSi,
uarmyofels SeuZlia daupirispirdes mtkicebiTs swored am punqtze.
mag: Tu mtkicebiTi gundi gvTavazobs, rom a.S.S.-m unda uzrunvelyos
centraluri amerikis bavSvebi ufaso preparatebiT malariis samkurnal-
od, opozicias SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom aseTi qmedebis ganxorcieleba
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis movaleobaa da ara a.S.S.-si.
erTi SexedviT, TiTqos, es ori gegma erTmaneTs ar gamoricxavs,
magram saWiroa gavixsenoT, rom uarmyofelma gundma unda gaamarT-
los Tavisi arCevani da daasabuTos ramdenime mizezis arseboba, rom-
liTac mtkicdeba, rom a.S.S. ar aris saukeTeso moqmedebis subieqti
mtkicebiTi gegmis ganxorcielebisaTvis. a.S.S.-s xSirad gamouyenebia
msgavsi humanitaruli qmedebebi, magram iyenebda a.S.S.-Si akrZalul
medikamentebs. uarmyofeli gundi ase daasabuTebs, rom mtkicebiTis
moqmedebis subieqtis monawileoba amgvar saqmeSi did riskTan da xi-
faTTan aris dakavSirebuli.
imis Semdeg, rac uarmyofeli gundi ganaxorcielebs Sete-
vas, saWiroa, rom man Tavisi SemoTavazebuli moqmedebis subieqti
daamtkicos. mag: `jandacvis msoflio organizacias aqvs didi xnis
gamocdileba humanitarul da medikamentebTan dakavSirebul saqmi-
anobaSi. maT, amave dros, saerTaSoriso resursebis mozidvisa da
moxaliseTa moZiebis ufro farTo SesaZleblobebi aqvT. am mxriv
a.S.S. SedarebiT SezRudulia~
amgvarad, uarmyofeli daanaxebs msajs, rom mtkicebiTis gegma
did xarvezs Seicavs, xolo moqmedebis subieqtze gaTvlili kontr-
gegma gacilebiT ufro kargi da qmediTia.
133
gegmis aRdgena kontr-gegmis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi
rodesac uarmyofeli gundi gadawyvets, mtkicebiT gunds kontr-
gegmiT daupirispirdes, igi sakmaod rTuli amocanis winase ayenebs
sakuTar Tavs. gacilebiT rTulia, daanaxo msajs mtkicebiTis mier
Semotanili gegmis yvela uaryofiTi mxare da, amave dros, daamt-
kico, rom kontr-gegma gegmaze gacilebiT ukeTesia. miT umetes, rom
mtkicebiTi poziciis kargi uaryofiT, kontr-gegmis gareSec SeiZle-
ba TamaSis mogeba.
mtkicebiTi gundi, romelic ismens sakuTari gegmis uaryofas da
amave dros igebs, rom oponentebma kontr-gegmac Semoitanes, ar unda
daibnes. piriqiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi drois reglamentis mxriv
momgebian poziciaSic ki aris. mTavaria, mtkicebiTma gamoiyenos es
momgebiani pozicia da ar moixiblos kontr-gegmis uaryofiT. ar dax-
arjos amaze bevri dro.
kontr-gegmis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebiT gunds axali as-
parezi exsneba swored Tavisi gegmis dasabuTebis mimarTulebiT.
mtkicebiTi gundis meore momxsenebels Sansi eZleva, safuZvlianad
warmoaCinos gegmis detalebi da damamtkicebeli masala da moaxma-
ros es yovelive imas dasabuTebas, rom gegma namdvilad Rirebulia,
rom mas gaaCnia bevri upiratesoba da is bevrad sjobs kontr-geg-
mas. mtkicebiT gunds ar evaleba kontr-gegmis detaluri garCeva
da safuZvliani uaryofa. mtkicebiTma mxolod unda SeZlos kontr-
gegmis ramdenime xarvezis daWera da misi Sedareba sakuTari gegmis
upiratesobebTan.
moqmedebis subieqtze mimarTuli kontr-gegmis Semotanis SemTx-
vevaSic, mtkicebiTma mxarem safuZvlianad unda aRadginos saku-
Tari gegmis moqmedebis subieqti. mtkicebiTma gundma yuradReba
unda gaamaxvilos swored im punqtze, romliskenac aris mimarTuli
uarmyofelis ieriSi. amitom Tavisi gamosvlebis ZiriTadi dro mt-
kicebiTma momxseneblebma swored Tavisi moqmedebis subieqtis kom-
petenturobaze, miukerZoeblobaze, siZliereze Tu sxva prioritete-
bze saubarSi unda daxarjos. amisTvis mtkicebiTi gundi kargad unda
erkveodes am sakiTxSi da flobdes safuZvlian informacias sakuTari
moqmedebis subieqtis saqmianobisa da SesaZleblobebis irgvliv.
savarjiSo: #11 `kontr-gegmis Semotana ~

mizani: monawileebi konkretuli faqtebidan gamomdinare
iswavlian gegmis SemuSavebas, kontr-gegmis Semotanas da mis
uaryofas.
134
masalebi:
rezolucia: adamianTa uflebebi saqarTveloSi unda iyos da-

culi
problema: ojaxuri Zaladoba winaaRmdeg

ojaxuri Zaladoba, rogorc aseTi, qarTul sivrceSi mxolod
qalze mamakacis Zaladobad aRiqmeba, isic _ gaWirvebiT. qveyanaSi,
sadac qalisadmi pativiscema mamakacis erT-erT mTavar Tvisebad
iTvleba, aseT rames dResac Znelad ijereben; dResac _ imitom, rom
Cvens sinamdvileSi arsebobs ojaxebi, sadac Zaladoben aramarto
qalebze _ colebze, dedebze, debze, aramed _ Svilebzec. arian Tu
ara es ukanasknelni Zaladobis uSualo msxverplni, gadamwyveti mniS-
vneloba ar aqvs _ sxvis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis yureba
maTSi adamianobis grZnobas, pirovnebas angrevs, gammomdinare aqedan
yvela SedegiT. amitom unda gaxdes ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplze
zrunva saerTo zrunvis sagani. iman, rom saqarTvelos aseTi msxver-
pli sxvebze naklebi hyavs, am problemaze Tvali ar unda dagvaxu-
Winos; sxvagvarad agresiis daZleva Cvens sazogadoebas gauWirdeba.
ojaxuri Zaladoba aris ganmeorebadi da xSiri cikli fizikuri,
fsiqologiuri, seqsualuri an ekonomikuri Seuracxyofisa, romel-
sac ojaxis erTi wevri axorcielebs meoreze kontrolisa da Zalau-
flebis mosapoveblad _ aseTia oficialuri ganmarteba. mecnierebma,
advokatebma da praqtikosebma cnes, rom adamianis uflebebis samar-
Tali ganivrcoba iseT piradul sferoze, rogoric aris ojaxuri
Zaladoba. ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplni, romelnic gamosavals
ukve veRar xedaven, romelTac sakuTari Tavis rwmena aRar gaaCniaT
da sircxvilisa da braleulobis gancdiT itanjebian, xSir SemTx-
vevaSi Svelasac ki aRar iTxoven.
maT, visac aseTi ram saqarTveloSi SemTxvevia da daxmarebis pov-
nis survilic gasCenia, 2001 wlidan moyolebuli dRemde, SeeZloT
arasamTavrobo organizacia `safaris~ imedi hqonodaT. ojaxuri
Zaladobis amsaxveli statistika Cvens qveyanaSi met-naklebad dafiq-
sirebuli rom aris da tabudadebuli ojaxuri usiamovno ambebic,
SeZlebisdagvarad rom gvardeba, am organizaciis damsaxurebaa.
`safarSi“ dasaqmebuli fsiqoTerapevtebi da fsiqologebi,
Zaladobis msxverplTa dasaxmareblad fsiqosocialur da samedici-
no reabilitacias sruliad ufasod da anonimurobis sruli dacviT
atareben. satelefono da kabineturi konsultaciebis, fsiqoTera-
piuli, samedicino da medikamenturi daxmarebis garda, gansakuTre-
135
bulad travmirebuli qalebisaTvis, `safarma~ 2001 wels, pirvelad
saqarTveloSi, specialuri anonimuri TavSesafari daaarsa seqsu-
aluri Zaladobis msxverpli qalis dasacavad, romelsac fizikur,
seqsualur da fsiqologiur Seuracxyofas sakuTari Svili ayenebda.
es TavSesafari dResac arsebobs. pacienti iq sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi
rCeba. fsiqologiur konsultaciebTan erTad, mas, moZaladesTan da-
brunebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavdacvis meTodebsac aswavlian.
intensiur fsiqologiur daxmarebasTan erTad xerxdeba mcire-
biujetiani samedicino daxmarebac. ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverpl
adamianebs xSirad sWirdebaT aseTi daxmareba, vinaidan umetes nawils
reproduqciuli jamrTelobis dazianeba aqvT. TavSesafari ar aris
fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofos nevrozuli stacionari _ aq reabili-
taciis kurss gadian is adamianebi, romlebic konkretulad ojaxuri
Zaladobis msxverplni gaxdnen. TavSesafarSi erTdroulad xuT qals
SeuZlia cxovreba da reabilitaciis gavla.
daarsebidan dRemde `safari~ ojaxuri Zaladobisa problemasa da
Zaladobis msxverplTa usafrTxoebaze ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT
_ Zaladobis prevenciisa da fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciis gziT
muSaobs. prevenciul RonisZiebaTa nusxaSi Sedis sazogadoebrivi
cnobierebis donis amaRleba, Zaladobis Sedegebis da sazogadoebrivi
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb misi informireba da profesionalTa swavleba.
fsiqologiur, socialur da samedicino reabilitaciur Ron-
isZiebebTan erTad `safari~ iTvaliswinebs individualur wyvilebT-
an ojaxur da, zog SemTxvevaSi, jgufur sesiebs. aRsaniSnavbia, rom
satelefono da kabineturi konsultaciebi xorcieldeba rogorc
msxverplTan, aseve e.w. agresorTan.
1 etapi _ 30 wuTi
savarjiSos dawyebisas monawileebi iyofian mcire jgufebad
da ecnobian masalas. masalaSi aRniSnuli saqmianobis da faqtebis
safuZvelze SeimuSaveben moqmedebis gegmas. amis Semdeg gundebi Sei-
muSaveben sakuTar pozicias kontr-gegmis saxiT, imave problemasTan
mimarTebaSi.
2 etapi _ 30 wuTi
savarjiSos Sesrulebis meore etapze gundebi 4 wuTiani moxsen-
ebis saxiT waradgenen sakuTar kontr-gegmebs. debatebis mwvrTneli
ki gaakeTebs komentarebs da axsnis, romeli gundis kontr-gegma See-
sabameboda ufro metad im kriteriumebs, romlebic gakveTilis da-
sawyisSi iyo ganxiluli.
136
XII gakveTili
debati upiratesobebze
• pirveli tipis gamosavlis upiratesobebis uaryofa _ 10 wuTi
• savarjiSo: ùpiratesobebis uaryofa~ _ 60 wuTi
pirveli tipis gamosavlis upiratesobebis uaryofa

rogorc viciT, mtkicebiTi gundi Tavisi poziciis wardgenisas
garkveul dros uTmobs im upiratesobebis aRniSvnas, rac gegmis
ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad miiReba. anu upirateso-
bebSi Camoyalibebulia yvela is dadebiTi Sedegi, rac moyveba geg-
mis ganxorcielebas. upiratesobebis Camoyalibeba mtkicebiT gundas
Wirdeba imisaTvis, rom gaamarTlos Tavisi gamosavali.
Sesabamisad, uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia Tavisi uaryofis strate-
gia mimarTos imis dasamtkiceblad, rom mtkicebiTi gundis mier war-
modgenili gegma SesaZlebelia Tavisi ideebiT da sxvadasxva qmedeb-
iT ar aris cudad mofiqrebuli da Camoyalibebuli, magram es gegma
ver gamoiRebs im Sedegebs, risi imedic aqvs mtkicebiT mxares da
mtkicebiTis mier CamoTvlili upiratesobebi ver Secvlis arsebul
mdgomareobas.
Tuki uarmyofeli mxare pirveli mtkicebiTi momxseneblis gamos-
vlis Semdeg gadawyvets, ieriSi miitanos upiratesobebis punqtze,
mas mouwevs Semdegi sakiTxebis gaanalizeba mosamzadebeli drois
ganmavlobaSi.
savarjiSo #12 ùpiratesobebis uaryofa~

am savarjiSos msvleloba gansxvavdeba Cven mier ukve SemoTava-
zebuli savarjiSoebis msvlelobisagan da ufro diskusiis xasiaTs
atarebs.
monawileebi sxdebian mrgvali magidis principiT. debatebis
mwvrTneli mTavari momxseneblis rolSi gamodis. ganxiluli iqneba
oTxi Tema. yoveli Temis wardgenis Semdeg auditorias eqneba ufle-
ba, dasvas kiTxvebi. yvela monawiles eqneba ufleba, 30 wamis ganma-
vlobaSi erTxel dasvas kiTxva. pasuxisaTvis momxsenebels (mwvrT-
nels) aseve 30 wami eZleva.
momavalSi spikeris rolSi kargia, Tu TviTon modebateebi gam-
137
ovlen. aseve efeqturia, Tu gamomsvlels eqneba mikrofoni, romel-
sac kiTxvis dasmis drosac gamoiyeneben modebateebi. mikrofonis
faqtori ufro oficialuri da organizebuli garemos Seqmnas Seu-
wyobs xels.
Cven visaubreT imaze, rom mozardebisaTvis Tavisufali da poziti-
uri garemos Seqmnas debatebis swavlebis dros mniSvnelovani roli eni-
Weba, Tumca, aseTi imitirebuli sajaro diskusiebis tipis gakveTilebis
mowyoba aseve mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs mozardebis ganviTarebaze.
msvleloba _ 60 wuTi
sadiskusio masalebi:
• gegmis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, namdvilad miiReba dadebi-
Ti Sedegebi, magram es ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis rom aRmoifx-
vras problema.
•
magaliTi:
Tuki mtkicebiTi gundis problemaa narkotikebis raodenobis
mozRvaveba saqarTveloSi da gegma iTvaliswinebs TurqeTis, azerbai-
janisa da somxeTis sazRvrebze kontrolis gaZlierebas damatebiTi
sakontrolo punqtebis gaxsniT, romlebic konkretulad narkotike-
bis gamovlenis specifikaze imuSaveben, _ uarmyofels SeuZlia Tqvas
rom es qmedeba Sedegs namdvilad gamoiRebs da narkotikebis Semos-
vla am gziT SeizRudeba; magram es upiratesoba ar aris sakmarisi,
igi ver aRmofxvris problemas da ver gaaumjobesebs status-kvos,
vinaidan narkotikebi ruseTidan didi raodenobiT Semodis da imis
Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo gaamkacrebs kontrols TurqeTis, azerbai-
janis da somxeTis sazRvrebze, ruseTis sazRvris gavliT ufro gaiz-
rdeba narkotikebis Semotanis masStabebi. ase rom, problema mainc
gadauWreli darCeba.
• gegmasa da upiratesobebs Soris aris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri.
davuSvaT, rom mtkicebiTi gundi saSualo skolaSi codnis donis
amaRlebis problemas agvarebs gegmiT, romlis erT-erTi punqtia
yvela klasSi weliwadSi orjer, semestris bolos Semajamebeli
gamocdebis Catareba. uarmyofels SeuZlia daasabuTos, rom codnis
dabali done aris saswavlo programebis Seusabamobebis, araefeqtu-
ri swavlebis meTodebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis dauxvewaobis bra-
li. amitom gamocdebis xSiri Catareba ar gaaumjobesebs swavlebis
xarisxs da ar aamaRlebs codnis dones. es mxolod moswavleTa or-
ganizebulobis da pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels. es,
138
ra Tqma unda, kargia, magram problema mainc gadauWreli darCeba.
• mtkicebiTma mxarem Camoayaliba iseTi xasiaTis upiratesoba,
romelic, sikeTis garda, SeiZleba zianis momtanic iyos.
davuSvaT, mtkicebiTi gundi wamoayenebs problemas _ mosaxleo-
bis usafrTxoeba unda iyos daculi da SeimuSavebs gegmas, romlis
mixedviT, nebismier jansaRi fsiqikis da aranasamarTlev adamians
ufleba eqneba ataros gaformebuli iaraRi Tavdacvis mizniT. xolo
upiratesobaSi Camoyalibebuli iqneba, rom borotmoqmedebi, rom-
lebsac ar ecodinebaT, aqvs Tu ara moqalaqes iaraRi, moeridebian
adamianze Tavdasxmebs da Zarcvas. uarmyofels SeuZlia daeTanxmos,
rom garkveuli logika aris am upiratesobaSi, magram, amave dros,
Tavdamsxmeli, romelsac ecodineba, rom moqalaqes SesaZlebelia
iaraRi hqondes, Seecdeba Tavdasxma ramdenime damnaSavesTan erTad
ganaxorcielos da TviTon daaswros moqalaqes iaraRis gamoyeneba.
anu Zarcvas SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebi daemateba, rac gaauaresebs
kriminogenul situacias.
• mtkicebiTma mxarem Camoayaliba upiratesobebi, rom-
lebic momavalSi ramodenime negatiur Sedegs gamoiwvevs.
davuSvaT, mtkicebiTi gundi narkobiznesis problemas agvarebs
gegmiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs, saqarTvelos masStabiT daaxloebiT
50 afTiaqSi legalurad daiSvas garkveuli narkotikebis gayidva. up-
iratesobebSi ki Camoyalibebulia, rom narkotikebis momxmareblebi,
Savi bazris nacvlad, narkotiks afTiaqSi oficialurad SeiZenen da
aRar isargebleben narkovaWrebis momsaxurebiT. uarmyofel gunds
SeuZlia daasabuTos, rom narkotikebis legalizacia provocireba
iqneba im pirebisaTvis, romlebic adre ar xmarobdnen narkotikebs,
vinaidan kanonmorCilebi arian. Tu uarmyofeli gundi aseT logikas
gahyveba, mas ar gauWirdeba imis dasabuTeba, rom narkotikebis momx-
marebelTa ricxvi gaizrdeba, xolo Savi bazari mainc iarsebebs. iq
gaiyideba is narkotiki, romelic ar iqneba legalizebuli.
sabolood, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom uarmyofel gunds SeuZlia up-
iratesobebis uaryofis nebismier erT taqtikas mimarTos, an sulac
yvela erTad gamoiyenos imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor ganviTardeba
TiToeuli konkretuli TamaSi. aqac iseve, rogorc uaryofis sxva
strategiebSi, mniSvnelovania Tanmimdevruloba. uarmyofeli gundis
samive spikeri erTi mimarTulebiT unda utevdes mtkicebiTis upi-
ratesobebs. ra Tqma unda, aqac udidesi mniSvneloba faqtebisa da
139
magaliTebis gamoyenebas eniWeba.
imisaTvis, rom mtkicebiTma gundma SeZlos Tavisi upiratesobeb-
is aRdgena, man kargad unda gaiazros strategia, romliTac upirisp-
irdeba uarmyofeli gundi. davuSvaT, uarmyofeli mxare asabuTebs,
rom gegmis erT-erTi Sedegi, upiratesobis nacvlad, zianis momtani
iqneba. mtkicebiTma mxarem ar unda daxuWos Tvali amaze da ar unda
gadaitanos yuradReba sxva upiratesobebze, ar unda dakargos dro
imis dasabuTebaze, razec maincdamainc ar edavebian. mtkicebiTma
swored is upiratesoba unda wamowios wina planze, romelzec mox-
da dapirispireba da mTeli dro, energia da codna daxarjos imis
dasamtkiceblad, rom ziani ar iqneba da daasabuTos, rogor aici-
lebs igi negatiur Sedegs.
XIII gakveTili
debati upiratesobebze
• rogor davupirispirdeT meore tipis gamosavals _ 20 wuTi.
• savarjiSo _ `martivi tipis upiratesobebis uaryofa~. _ 40
wuTi.
rogor davupirispirdeT meore tipis gamosavals

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, karl poperis debatebi politikuri
elementebiT iTvaliswinebs ori tipis gamosavals. sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, modebateebs SeuZliaT gansazRvruli problemis gadasaWre-
lad SeimuSaon gegma, an warmoadginon erTiani ramdenime winadadebiT
Camoyalibebuli gamosavali, romelic karl poperis debatebis re-
zolucias daemsgavseba.
uarmyofel gunds, ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSic SeuZlia
daupirispirdes problemas, Tumca, rogorc wesi, dapirispireba
xdeba im upiratesobebze, romlebsac CamoTvlis da ganavrcobs mt-
kicebiTi gundi. ase rom, mtkicebiTi gundis pirveli momxseneblis
gamosvlis Semdeg SeiZleba daiwyos tipuri karl poperis saxelobis
debate, anu debati Rirebulebebze. uarmyofeli Seudgeba argumen-
tebis gabaTilebas, mtkicebiTi maT aRdgenas da a.S. am SemTxvevaSi
gamosavali imgvari Rirebulebebis matarebelia, romelic sadavo
SeiZleba gaxdes. mtkicebiTi gundi daasabuTebs Tavisi gamosavlis
dadebiT mxareebs, uarmyofeli ki Seecdeba, eWvi Seitanos imaSi, Tu
ramdenad dadebiTia gamosavlis damamtkicebeli argumentebi da ram-
140
denad amarTleben isini gamosavals. martivad rom vTqvaT, uarmy-
ofelma gundma unda uaryos gamosavali misi upiratesobebis (ar-
gumentebis) uaryofis gziT. bolos ki daskvnis saxiT gaaanalizos
mtkicebiTis gamosavlis upiratesobebis kavSiri problemasTan.
rezolucia: saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos adamianis uflebeb-
isa da Tavisuflebebis dacva.
problema: saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos mZime avadmyofeb-
is uflebebis dacva. Tavisuflebebi, romelsac negatiuri ufle-
bebsac uwodeben, saxelmwifos pasiurobasac gulisxmobs. rodesac
vambobT,rom me maqvs romelime Tavisufleba, es niSnavs, rom saxelm-
wifos ar aqvs ufleba, uxeSad Caerios Cvens pirad cxovrebaSi da
individualur qmedebebSi, Tu es ar uqmnis safrTxes garSemo myofT.
sityvis an sindisis Tavisufleba ukrZalavs xelisuflebas am sak-
iTxebSi Carevas. sicocxlis uflebis amgvari gageba niSnavs, rom Cemi
sicocxle Cems xelSia da misi warTmevis ufleba aravis aqvs, Cem garda.
seriozuli problemebi maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac saqme sicocxlis da-
sawyisTan gvaqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom medicinam arnaxul warmatebas
miaRwia, zogierTi pacienti ganwirulia. vinaidan eqimi valdebulia
,bolomde ibrZolos adamianis sicocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis, igi ax-
angrZlivebs mis tanjvas. aTasobiT adamiani msoflioSi sasikvdilod
aris ganwiruli, Seguebulia kidec amas, mijaWvulia sawolze, saSin-
lad itanjeba tkivilebisagan da sikvdilze ocnebobs. aseTi adami-
anisTvis sicocxles azri aRar aqvs. igi itanjeba moralurad da fizi-
kurad, magram mas ar aqvs ufleba, gainTavisuflos Tavi tanjvisagan.
dRes saqarTveloSi adamians aqvs ufleba, uari Tqvas mkurnalobaze,
magram eqimis CareviT Tavisi sicocxlis moswrafebis ufleba ar gaC-
nia. rac adamianis sicocxlis Tavisuflebis uflebas laxavs.
meore tipis gamosavali:

saqarTveloSi evTanazia unda dakanondes.
upiratesobebi:
• evTanaziis dakanoneba adamians tanjvisagan aTavisuflebs.
evTanaziis praqtika zog qveyanaSi farTodaa danergili da wax-
alisebuli saxelmwifos mier. zogan evTanaziis SesaZleblobis Ti-
Toeul SemTxvevas sasamarTlo ganixilavs da gascems, an ar gascems
nebarTvas. holandiaSi eqimebs ufleba aqvT, tanjvisagan gaanTavisu-
flon avadmyofi. yoveli ocdamexuTe ukurnebeli seniT daavadebuli
holandieli, romelic saxlSi xvdeba sikvdils, samedicino daxmareb-
141
is am ukidures formas mimarTavs. evTanaziis SemTxvevebi holandiaSi
dRiTi dRe matulobs. mosaxleoba mieCvia im azrs, rom damoukide-
blad SeuZlia sakuTari bedis gansazRvra. holandiaSi Camoyalibe-
bulia “evTanaziis sazogadoeba~, romelic miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifo
icavs adamianis sicocxlis Tavisuflebis uflebas, rodesac momakv-
davs exmareba, ganTavisufldes tanjvisagan.
• pasiuri evTanaziis ufleba xels Seuwyobs donori organoebis
mopovebas.
dRes samedicino teqnika da intensiuri Terapiis meTodebi imde-
nad ganviTarda, rom aparatebs, romlebic organizmis yvela sasico-
cxlod mniSvnelovan funqcias asruleben, praqtikulad SeuzRuda-
vad SeuZliaT, gadaswion sikvdilis dadgomis momenti. im pacientebis
sicocxle, romlebic verasdros gamovidnen komis mdgomareobidan,
azrs kargavs. aparatis gamorTvis gziT pacienti umtkivneulod
datovebs am qveyanas, misi janmrTeli organoebi ki sxva adamianebs
sicocxles SeunarCuneben.
mtkicebiTi gundis mier SemoTavazebuli amgvari qeisis SemTx-
vevaSi, uaryofil gunds SeuZlia daupirispirdes TviT evTanaziis
ideas da ganacxados, rom adamianis sicocxlis Tavisuflebis dacva
saxelmwifos mxridan evTanaziis dakanonebis gziT ar aris gamarTle-
buli da Tu evTanazia dakanondeba, mas eqneba imdeni uaryofiTi Se-
degi, rom upiratesobebi am uaryofiTi momentebiT gadaiwoneba.
konkretulad, uarmyofels pirvel upiratesobasTan dakavSire-
biT SeuZlia Tqvas, rom iseTi qveynebi, rogoric aris a.S.S. da germa-
nia, evTanazias ar amarTleben da miiCneven, rom es saxelmwifos mier
dakanonebuli avadmyofi adamianis sikvdiliT dasjas warmoadgens.
eqimi ki jalaTs emsgavseba. arsebobs bevri preparati, romelic Se-
umsubuqebs adamians tanjvas.
SeiZleba xelisuflebas hqondes ufleba, Zalaufleba misces ada-
mianTa erT jgufs (am SemTxvevaSi, eqimebs) meore jgufis (pacientebis)
mosaklavad. amitom evTanaziasTan mimarTebaSi sicocxle swored rom
Tavisuflebaa, radgan Tavad saxelmwifo ar unda iyos mkvleli. amg-
varad, evTanaziis nebismieri formiT legalizeba danaSaulia.
meore upiratesobas uarmyofeli SeiZleba daupirispirdes moraluri
TvalsazrisiT da Tqvas, rom romis papi sastiki winaaRmdegia evTanaziis.
igi acxadebs, rom “erTi adamianis mokvdinebis xarjze ar SeiZleba me-
ore adamians mivaniWoT sicocxle~. romis papma xazi gausva agreTve, rom
samedicino muSakebis valdebulebaa adamianis sicocxlis dacva.
germaniaSi evTanazia adamianis sicocxlis uflebis Selaxvad iTv-
leba vinaidan mowyalebis gaRebis mizniT mkvleloba germaneli xalx-
142
is cnobierebaSi TeTrxalaTiani nacistebis TviTnebobas ukavSirdeba,
romelTac hqondaT imis gadawyvetis ufleba, Tu vin unda icocxlos
da vin ara. amgvari dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebiT da uarmy-
ofel gundebs Soris warimarTeba kamaTi imis Taobaze Tu ramdenad
aris gamarTlebuli da misaRebi evTanaziis dakanoneba. rogorc viciT,
mtkicebiTi gundis amgvar strategias fiati ewodeba, rac niSnavs `dae
iyos, ase~, anu davuSvaT asea. konkretulad rom vimsjeloT, mtkicebi-
Ti gundi, romelic Tavis gamosavalSi ganacxadebs, rom saqarTveloSi
evTanazia unda dakanondes, ar asabuTebs, Tu rogor moxdeba evTana-
ziis dakanoneba, an realuria Tu ara saerTod amgvari kanonis SemoRe-
ba, eyoleba Tu ara am kanons mowinaaRmdegeebi parlamentSi da sxva.
mtkicebiTi ubralod ambobs, es ase unda moxdes da es kargi iqneba.
amitomac uarmyofeli gundi kargad unda gaerkves mtkicebiTis qeisis
TaviseburebebSi da daupirispirdes ara gamosavalsa rogorc raRac
ganuxorcielebels, aramed uaryos es gamosavali misi Sedegebis gaba-
TilebiT, anu mis upiratesobebTan dapirispirebiT.
Tuki mtkicebiTi gundis gamosavalia is, rom amerikis yvela StatSi
unda gauqmdes sikvdiliT dasja, am SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebiT gunds ar
ainteresebs prezidentis an kongresis pozicia. mTavaria is, misaRebia
Tu ara TviT idea sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebasTan dakavSirebiT. ami-
tomac uarmyofeli ar amaxvilebs yuradRebas imaze, rom es gamosav-
ali ganuxorcielebelia imitom rom, garkveuli Statebi winaaRmde-
gobas gauweven amgvar reformas, xolo kongresi ar miiRebs am kanons
da a.S. uarmyofeli ubralod isaubrebs, rom Tuki sikvdiliT dasja
gauqmdeba yvela StatSi, es gamoiwvevs uaryofiT Sedegs, magaliTad
dausjelobis sindromis gaRvivebas, danaSaulebaTa ricxvi zrdas,
SurisZiebis faqtebs dazaralebulTa mxridan da a.S.
savarjiSo #13 `martivi tipis upiratesobis uaryofa~

masalebi:
rezolucia: soflis meurneoba saqarTveloSi unda ganviTardes
daviwrovebuli rezolucia: saqarTveloSi mevenaxeoba wamyvani
dargi unda gaxdes.
problema: qarTuli vazis genofondi, rogorc msoflio geno-
fondis Rirseuli Semadgeneli nawili, mTel msoflioSia aRiarebu-
li. amis erT _ erTi TvalsaCino dadasturebaa misi fiqsacia parizis
vazis genetikuri resursebis katalogSi. Tumca, unda vaRiaroT, rom
vazis da Rvinis samSobloSi vazi kvdeba, Rvino ki iryvneba.
eqspertebi ase fiqroben _ romeli vazis samSobloze da akvanzea
143
saubari, roca axlad gaSenebul venaxebSi saferavsa da mwvanes va-
qirulad da SaniZe (ujiSo vazi hibridi) Warbobs da am hibridebidan
miRebuli Rvinoebi `qinZmaraulad~ da àxaSenad~ iyideba?
germanuli sakonsultacio kompania `giz~ _ is konsultantebma,
romlebmac Cveni daavadebuli venaxebic daaTvalieres da yovelgvari
samarko da arasamarko Rvino igemes, Riad ganacxades: _ `gaCumdiT
mainc~. . .? 5 da 10 saukunis win ra kultura gqondaT, amaze saubari
sxva sferoa, dRes ki mevenaxeoba-meRvineobaSi xmac ar amogeRebaT~.
mterma romelic istoriul warsulSi mxolod garkveuli xniT gvi-
pyrobda, dRes sakuTriv CvenSi gadmoinacvla da TiTqmis samudamod
Segvipyro. imas, rac dRevandel mevenaxeoba-meRvineobaSi xdeba, SeiZle-
ba, rogorc kulturuli, aseve ekonomikuri TviTmkvleloba vuwodoT.
dRes boTlSi Casxmuli naxevrad tkbili Rvinoebis 99% ujiSo
yurZenzea damzadebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, vaqirulam mTeli qarTuli
meRvineoba waleka, arada, CvenTvis vazi kulturuli faseulobaa da
am mxriv marTlac iSviaTi memkvidreoba gvergo. qarTuli vazis nay-
ofs an Tundac foTols erTic rom daxedo masSi saukuneebi igr-
Znoba, TiTqos, warsulSi iyurebi da mTel istorias xedav.
1 etapi _ 20 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze auditoria daiyofa mcire jgufebad,
jgufebis wevrebi gaecnobian masalebs da SeimuSaveben gamosavals da
upiratesobebs.
2 etapi _ 25 wuTi
TiToeuli gundi waradgens mtkicebiT qeiss (problema, gamosav-
ali, upiratesobebi) 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. yovel gunds savarjiSos
msvlelobaSi eyoleba Tavisi oponenti gundi, romelic Caiwers
mTels moxsenebas.
3 etapi _ 30 wuTi
savarjiSos mesame etapze gundebi daupirispirdebian upirateso-
bebs sami wuTis ganmavlobaSi, xolo mtkicebiT mxares moTamaSe gun-
debi kvlav aRadgenen TavanT argumentebs, aseve sami wuiTs ganmav-
lobaSi.
4 etapi _ 25 wuTi
savarjiSos meoTxe etapze debatebis mwvrTneli detalurad ga-
nixilavs Sejaxebis areebs, ganmartavs gundebis Secdomebs da mis-
cems miTiTebebs.
144
XIV gakveTili
jvaredini dakiTxva da momxsenebelTa pasuxismgeblobebi
• jvaredini dakiTxvis miznebi da xerxebi _ 20 wuTi
• savarjiSo`jvaredini dakiTxva~ _ 40
• momxsenebelTa movaleobebi da msajoba _ 20 wuTi
jvaredini dakiTxvis miznebi da xerxebi

politikur debatebSi, iseve, rogorc poperis formatSi, TamaSis
msvlelobisas imarTeba oTxi jvaredini dakiTxva, romelic sami wu-
Tis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. aqac pirveli jvaredini dakiTxva imar-
Teba mesame uarmyofel da pirvel mtkicebiT momxsenebels Soris.
vinaidan politikuri debatebi taqtikuri TamaSia, pirvel jvaredin
dakiTxvas gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs. swored am punqtis
safuZvelze unda gadawyvitos uarmyofelma gundma, mtkicebiTi po-
ziciis romel elements SearCevs uaryofisaTvis.
rogorc viciT, jvaredini dakiTxvis Sedegad miRebul sasurvel
pasuxs aucileblad iyenebs Semdegi gamomsvleli. uarmyofel gunds
unda axsovdes, rom pirveli uarmyofelis gamosvlaSi gacxadebuli
taqtika mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi ar unda Seicvalos. sakmarisia
gundma romelime Semdgom gamosvlaSi gadauxvios uaryofis Tavidan
arCeul meTods, rom misi dapirispirebis simZafre da efeqturoba
daikargeba. amitomac uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom uarmyofelma
mxarem pirvel jvaredin dakiTxvaSi dasvas rac SeiZleba ufro meti
kiTxva mtkicebiTi poziciis yvela punqtTan dakavSirebiT. am SemTx-
vevaSi, kargi iqneba mosafiqrebeli drois efeqturi gamoyeneba. Tuki
gunds winaswar eqneba SemuSavebuli garkveuli struqtura, mas ar
gauWirdeba, mcire drois ganmavlobaSi dasvas saintereso kiTxvebi
da miiRos sasurveli pasuxebi.
Cven SemogTavazebT im savareudo mimarTulebebs, razec unda
dafiqrdes uarmyofeli gundi pirveli mtkicebiTi momxseneblis ga-
mosvlis procesSi da pirveli jvaredini dakiTxvis win mosafiqrebel
dros:
• sworad ganmarta Tu ara oponentma problema da ramdenad kav-
SirSia igi rezoluciasTan.
• aris Tu ara kavSirSi status-kvo dasmul problemasTan.
• gvisabuTebs Tu vera konkretuli faqtebiT oponenti status-
kvoSi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobas.
145
• ramdenad mniSvnelovana problema da Rirs Tu ara saerTod
masze drois, energiis, adamianuri da materialuri resursebis
daxarjva. arsebobs ki realuri statistika, romelic gvisab-
uTebs dasmuli problemis mniSvnelovanebas?! anu xom ar aris
problema fantaziis nayofi?
• TviTonve xom ar gadaWris status-kvo problemas. iqneb, arse-
bul politikaSi ukve aris Cadebuli iseTi programa, romelic
exeba dasmul problemas? maSin SesaZlebelia priblema status-
kvos nawili gaxdes. am SemTxvevaSi, debati dauSvebelia.
• iqneb problema saerTodac ver gadaiWreba?!
• swored gansazRvra Tu ara mtkicebiTma gundma brali?
• swored aris Tu ara gansazRvruli moqmedebis subieqti.
• ra roli ekisreba konkretuli moqmedebis subieqts da aris Tu
ara kavSiri moqmedebis subieqtis kompetenciasa da gegmis ganx-
orcielebis process Soris.
• gadaWris Tu ara gegma problemas.
• Sesrulebadia Tu ara es gegma arsebul viTarebaSi.
• ra winaaRmdegobebs waawydeba gegma.
• moaqvs Tu ara gegmas ziani.
• ra cudi Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves gegmis ganxorcielebas.
• xorcieldeba Tu ara ukve amgvari gegma, anu xom ar aris mt-
kicebiTis mier SemoTavazebuli gegma status-kvos nawili.
• aris Tu ara gegmis punqtebs Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri.
• aris Tu ara faqtebs Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri.
• miiReba ki SemoTavazebuli gegmidan yvela is upiratesoba, rac
CamoTvala mtkicebiTma mxarem?
• gadawonis Tu ara upiratesobebi im zians romelic SeiZleba
warmoiqmnas gegmis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi.
• is upiratesobebi, ronlebic gegmis Sedegad miiReba, aRmofx-
vrias Tu ara problemas, anu miRebuli upiratesobebi iqneba Tu
ara imis garantia, rom status-kvo ukeTesobisaken Seicvleba.
imis Semdeg, rac uarmyofeli mxare msgavs sakiTxebs ganixilavs,
gundis wevrebma swrafad unda moifiqron mtkicebiTis qeisiden
gamomdinare konkretuli kiTxvebi. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom sami
wuTis ganmavlobaSi uarmyofelma mxarem moaswros oponentis moxsen-
ebis yvela elementis gamoZieba zogadad, xolo yvelaze sust punqt-
Tan dakavSiorebiT ramdenime konkretuli kiTxvis dasmac da pasuxis
mosmenac.
amis Semdeg uaemyofel gunds kidev erTxel eqneba saSualeba,
dafiqrdes, mtkicebiTi mxaris romel punqtSi aRmoCenili xarvezebi
146
aris metad mniSvnelovani da amis mixedviT aagos uaryofis strate-
gia.
meore jvaredin dakiTxvas, romelsac awarmoebs uarmyofeli
mxare, ufro konkretuli miznebi aqvs. am droisaTvis uaryofis
politika ukve SerCeulia da gundebi mtkicebiTi poziciis mxolod
erT punqtze kamaToben. logikuria, rom uarmyofeli gundis meore
jvaredini dakiTxva mTlianad mimarTulia am punqtis susti mxareeb-
is mxilebisaken. amisaTvis uarmyofelma mxarem meore mtkicebiTi
momxseneblis gamosvlaSi unda eZios faqtebsa da daskvnebs Soris
mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis uzustobebi da logikur msjelobaSi
daSvebuli xarvezebi. jvaredini dakiTxva mSvenieri saSualebaa yove-
live amis dasadgenad.
mtkicebiTi gundis mier Catarebul orive jvaredin dakiTxvas
erTi da igive mizani aqvs. mtkicebiTma gundma dasmuli kiTxvisa
da miRebuli pasuxebis xarjze Tavisi poziciis reabilitacia unda
moaxdinos. mniSvnelovania, rom kiTxvebi daisvas im konkretul sak-
iTxebTan dakavSirebiT, razec moxda Sejaxeba uarmyofeli gundis
mxridan.
jvaredin dakiTxvas aqvs ramdenime meTodi da principi, romelTa
gamoyeneba da dacva exmareba moTamaSes sasurveli pasuxis miRebaSi.
am askiTxebze saubari Cven ukve gvqonda wignis pirvel nawilSi. ami-
tom am Temaze amjerad ar SevCerdebiT. aRvniSnavT mxolod imas, rom
jvaredini dakiTxva ar imarTeba msajisaTvis. mas mxolod da mxolod
moTamaSeebisaTvis aqvs udidesi mniSvneloba da am sakiTxis teqni-
kuri daxvewa debatis dros namdvilad moutans warmatebas nebismier
gunds.
savarjiSo #14 `jvaredini dakiTxva~

masalebi:
savarjiSo #13 _ is masalebi da modebateTa mier SemuSavebuli
qeisebi
1 etapi _ 10 wuTi
savarjiSos pirvel etapze auditorias vyofT orkacian gunde-
bad, principiT erTi erTis winaaRmdeg. monawileebs vavalebT, indi-
vidualurad SeimuSaon rac SeiZleba meti kiTxva.
2etapi _ 30 wuTi
jvaredini dakiTxvisaTvis TiTo dapirispirebul wyvils eZleva 6
147
wuTi. maT rigrigobiT unda dausvan erTmaneTs kiTxvebi da gascen sa-
Tanado pasuxebi. kiTxva-pasuxi unda mimdinareobdes dinamikurad da
organizebulad. debatebis mwvrTneli Tvalyurs adevnebs jvaredin
dajiTxvas d axels uwyobs modebateebs, maqsimalurad gamoavlinon
TavianTi SesaZleblobebi.
momxsenebelTa movaleobebi da msajoba
Cveni wignis meore nawili daeTmo karl poperis debatebis Seswav-
las, romelic `politikuri elementebiT~ debatebis saxeliT aris
cnobili. es formati, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, Tavisi struqturiT,
poperis debatebis identuria. erTmaneTs kvlav ejibrereba sami moT-
amaSisagan Semdgari ori gundi _ mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli. momxsen-
ebelTa gamosvlebis Tanmimdevroba da drois reglamenti, jvaredini
dakiTxva da mosafiqrebeli dro politikur formatSi ar icvleba.
msajsac am formatSi igive funqciebi akisria.
politikur debatebSi msaji, ra Tqma unda, adevnebs Tvalyurs
wesebis dacvas, gamosvlebis Tanmimdevrobas, magram mainc am for-
matSi yvelaze mTavaria is, Tu ramdenad logikuri iyo gundis
msjeloba. msajis ZiriTadi movaleobebi ki kvlav TamaSis wayvana da
drois daniSvna, Canaweris gakeTeba, biuletenis Sevseba, gamarjve-
bulis gamovlena, TamaSis ganxilva da individualuri komentarebis
gakeTeba rCeba. iseve, rogorc poeris debatebSi, gadawyvetilebas
msajebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da SeuTanxmeblad iReben.
mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom debatebis TamaSis Sesaxeb gadawy-
vetilebis misaRebad ar arsebobs erTaderTi da swori gza, saerToa
mxolod kriteriumebi: logikuri msjeloba, argumentacia, analizi,
efeqturi prezentacia, organizebuloba, damamtkicebeli masala,
gunduri TamaSi, momxsenebelTa movaleobebis Sesruleba, oponentis
pativiscema.
148
saparlamento debatebi
saparlamento debatebis satreningo masalebi 1999 wlidan fond
`Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos “karl poperis debatebis programis
saSualebiT qarTul enaze aris Targmnili, Tumca, arc erT ofi-
cialur gamocemaSi ar aris dafiqsirebuli. saparlamento debatebis
swavlebisaTvis saWiro masalebi saerTaSoriso debatebis asociacia
IDEA _ s mier aris mowodebuli.
saparlamento debatebi saqarTveloSi
britanuli stili
msoflioSi gavrcelebulia formaluri debatebis sxvadasx-
va stili: karl poperis da politikuri debatebi, romelic Cven
dawvrilebiT ganvixileT Cvens saxelmZRvaneloSi, aseve, saparlamen-
to debatebi, linkoln-duglasis debatebi, da a.S.
amjerad, yuradRebas SevaCerebT saparlamento debatebze, romel-
ic gamoiyeneba mTeli msoflios studentebis mier da saTaves britanu-
li Tanamegobrobis qveynebSi iRebs. arsebobs saparlamento debatebis
ori gansxvavebuli stili: amerikuli da britanuli. maT Soris yvelaze
didi gansxvaveba aris is, rom amerikul formatSi monawileobas iRebs
ori gundi, xolo britanul formatSi _ oTxi. erT pozicias amtkicebs
ori, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli gundi. maSasadame, ori mTavroba
_ gamxsneli da damasrulebeli, icavs rezolucias da aseve ori opo-
zicia _ gamxseneli da damasrulebeli, uaryofs mas. Tumca, TamaSSi
imarjvebs erTi gundi da ara romelime mxare. amitom, TiToeuli gun-
di cdilobs, ufro damajereblad warsdges msajebis winaSe da amiT
ajobos rogorc mis momxre, aseve mowinaaRmdege gundebs.
TamaSs uZRveba palatis spikeri, romelic msajis funqciasac as-
rulebs. msajTa ricxvi SezRuduli ar aris, xolo palatis spikeri
ki yovelTvis erTia.
wesi bevri ar aris, Tumca, arsebobs uamravi strategia, rom-
lebic saintereso iqneba rogorc gamocdili modebateebisaTvis,
aseve damwyebTaTvis.
saparlamento debatebis britanuli stilis wesebis mimoxilva

britanuli stilis saparlamento debatebSi oTxi gundi kamaTobs
rezoluciaze _ ori erT mxares, ori ki _ meore mxares. TiToeuli
gundi ori wevrisagan Sedgeba da TiToeuli wevri TamaSis ganmavlo-
baSi sityviT erTxel gamodis. maSasadame, sul gvaqvs rva moxseneba.
yvela gamosvla droSi SezRudulia da xuTi wuTi grZeldeba. gun-
debis saxelwodebebi da maTi Semadgenloba Semdegnairia:
149
gamxsenli mTavroba:
“premier-ministri~ an “mTavrobis pirveli wevri~;
“premier-ministris moadgile~ an “mTavrobis meore wevri~;
gamxsneli opozicia:
“opoziciis lideri~ an “opoziciis pirveli wevri~;
“opoziciis lideris moadgile~ an “opoziciis meore wevri~;
damasrulebeli mTavroba:
“mTavrobis wevri~ an “mTavrobis mesame wevri~;
“mTavrobis organizatori~ an “mTavrobis meoTxe wevri~;
damasrulebeli opozicia:
“opoziciis wevri~ an “opoziciis mesame wevri~;
“opoziciis organizatori~ an “opoziciis meoTxe wevri~;
momxseneblebi Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT gamodian:
1. premier-ministri
2. opoziciis lideri
3. premier-ministris moadgile
4. opoziciis lideris moadgile
5. mTavrobis wevri
6. opoziciis wevri
7. mTavrobis organizatori
8. opoziciis organizatori
oTaxi, sadac mimdinareobs debati, daaxloebiT ase gamoiyureba:
palatis
spikeri

o.l. p.m.
o.l.m. p.m.m.
o.w. m.w.
o.o. m.o.
msajebi
aRsaniSnavia, rom erT mxareze moTamaSe ori gundi damoukide-

blad TamaSobs. isini erTmaneTTan arc winaswar da arc TamaSis gan-
mavlobaSi araferze ar Tanxmdebian; Tumca, raRa Tqma unda, TamaSis
150
ganmavlobaSi maT unda izrunon imaze, rom erTmaneTTan winaaRmde-
gobaSi ar Cavardnen da mxolod imas daupirispirdnen, rasac mowi-
naaRmdege mxareze moTamaSe gundebi amtkiceben.
TamaSis Semdeg, msajebi gundebs aniWeben rangebs. gundi, romel-
ic miiRebs pirvel rangs, gamarjvebulia; Sesabamisad, meore rangiani
gundi meore adgilzea da a.S. garda rangebisa, gundebsac da momxsen-
eblebsac ewerebaT individualuri qulebi.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, TamaSs uZRveba palatis spikeri, romel-
ic momxseneblebs waradgens auditoriis winaSe da sTxovs sityviT
gamosvlas. gamosvlis dawyebidan erTi wuTis Semdeg da mis dasrule-
bamde erTi wuTiT adre palatis spikeri erTxel akakunebs, xolo
drois amowurvis Semdeg is orjer daakakunebs _ es ki imas niSnavs,
rom momxsenebels eZleva 15-30 wami azris dasamTavreblad, xolo
Tuki man 30 wamis gasvlis Semdegac ganagrZo saubari, maSin palatis
spikeri mas sTxovs dajdomas.
gamosvlebs Soris mosafiqrebeli dro ar arsebobs.
momxseneblebi mimarTaven ara erTmaneTs, aramed palatis spikers.
msajobis kriteriumi martivia _ yvelaze damajerebeli gundi
imarjvebs.
rezolucia TamaSis dawyebamde 15 wuTiT adre cxaddeba.
saparlamento debatis britanuli stilis umniSvnelovanesi el-
ementebia: rezolucia, definicia, pozicia da manera.
rezlucia
rezolucia debatebSi umniSvnelovanesia, vinaidan is aris saka-
maTo Tema. Tumca, gundebi rogorc wesi, akeTeben rezoluciis defi-
nicias da am gziT mas konkretul sakiTxamde aviwroeben.
pirobiTad rezoluciebi SeiZleba sam kategoriad daiyos: viwro,
SedarebiT farTo da farTo rezoluciebi.
magaliTad, rezolucia “am palatas surs yvela saxis narkotike-
bis legalizacia~ viwro rezoluciaa. am saxis rezoluciis davi-
wroeba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia da definiciasa da rezolucias Soris
gansxvaveba mxolod ramdenime sityvaSi SeiZleba iyos.
farTo rezoluciis magaliTebia: “am palatas sjera, rom cvli-
lebis droa~; “am palatas sjera, rom cxrajer unda gazomo da erTx-
el unda gaWra~ da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi, yvelaferi damokidebulia
definiciaze. msgavsi rezoluciis pirdapir gageba wamgebiania. am
dros umjobesia winaswar momzadebuli sakiTxis “morgeba~ rezolu-
ciasTan. axalbeda gundebi xSirad ibnevian da amitom debatic ufro
uintereso xdeba. gamocdili gundebi ki aseT SemTxvevebs TavianT
151
sasargeblod iyeneben da TamaSSi maqsimalurad konkretuli defini-
cia SemoaqvT.
rezoluciis mesame saxea SedarebiT farTo rezolucia. magali-
Tad: “am palatas sjera, rom evropa unda SeizRudos~; ès palata
gmobs warmatebul saxelmwifoebs~ da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mTavrobas
eZleva saSualeba, airCios definicia, magram ise, rom rezoluciis
mTavar arss ar scildebodes. principSi, mTavrobas am drosac Seu-
Zlia rezolucias winaswar momzadebuli sakiTxi “moargos~, magram,
ra Tqma unda es am SemTxvevaSi ufro rTuli iqneba
definicia
definicia aris rezoluciis mniSvnelovani sityvebis ganmarteba
da rezoluciasTan dakavSirebuli romelime sakiTxis wamoWra da
gamoyofa.
premier-ministri Tavisi gamosvlis dasawyisSive warmoadgens
definicias.
definicia unda iyos:
1. mWidrod da logikurad dakavSirebuli rezoluciasTan _ es niS-
navs, rom nebismierma saRad moazrovne adamianma unda SeZlos am
kavSiris danaxva.
2. kargi sakamaTo. Tuki Tqven TviTon ver xedavT Tqveni definici-
is gamabaTilebel argumentebs, aseTi definiciis SeTavazeba us-
amarTlobaa. definicia ar unda iyos TavisTavad cxadi da mis-
aRebi. mas unda gaaCndes orive mxare _ dadebiTi da uaryofiTi.
3. Tanamedrove _ anu, definiciaSi ar unda iyos saubari warsulze
an Soreul momavalze. Sinaarsobrivad is awmyoSi mimdinare mov-
lenebs unda exebodes. sasurvelia, definicia ar warmoadgendes
Status Quo-s, magram is problema, romelzec definiciaSia saubari,
drouli unda iyos.
4. samarTlianad viwro. definiciam debati ise ar unda SezRudos, rom
saubari iyos romelime gansakuTrebul geografiul an politikur
punqtze, romlis Sesaxeb codna ar moeTxoveba debatis monawiles.
maSasadame, specifikuri codnis gamoyeneba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
SeiZleba. magaliTad, moTamaSes ar SeuZlia saubari daiwyos Tavis
mSobliur sofelSi arsebul problemebze maSin, roca, araTu am
problemebze, aramed am soflis Sesaxebac ki aravis smenia.
definiciaze Sedaveba
Tuki definicia ar akmayofilebs romelime zemoT CamoTvlil pun-
qts, opoziciis liders SeuZlia daupirispirdes mas. man garkveviT
152
unda ganacxados, rom is ar eTanxmeba definicias da unda Secvalos
is alternatiuli definiciiT.
Cveulebriv, gamxsneli mTavrobis mier SemoTavazebuli defini-
cia yovelTvis misaRebia, garda iSviaTi gamonaklisebisa.
maSin, roca gamxsneli mTavrobis definicia Seusabamoa da mas
gamxsneli opozicia Secvlis alternatiuli definiciiT, damasrule-
belma mTavrobam SeiZleba warmoadginos iseTi pozicia, romelic
Seesabameba ara gamxsneli mTavrobis mier warmodgenil definicias,
aramed gamxsneli opoziciis definicias.
Tuki gamxsnelma opoziciam mTavrobis definicia kvlav uazro da
Seusabamo definiciiT Secvala, damasrulebel mTavrobas SeuZlia,
kvlav Seedavos definiciaze gamxsnel opozicias da Secvalos is al-
ternatiuli definiciiT.
Tuki damasrulebeli mTavrobis alternetiuli definicia kvlav
Seusabamoa (maSin, roca gamxsneli mTavrobis da gamxsneli opoziciis
definiciebi aseve Seusabamo iyo), damasrulebel opozicias SeuZlia
daupirispirdes damasrulebeli mTavrobis definicias da Tavisi alter-
natiuli definicia Semoitanos. Tumca, praqtikaSi ase arasdros xdeba.
damasrulebeli gundebis pirvelma momxseneblebma unda gaafar-
Tovon SemoTavazebuli definicia. amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia sak-
iTxisadmi sxva mxridan midgomiT. momxseneblebma ar unda gaimeoron
wina gundebis argumentacia, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom erT mx-
areze moTamaSe gundebi erTmaneTs unda daupirispirdnen. piriqiT,
amis gakeTeba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba. definiciis gafar-
Toeba (axali argumentaciis SemotaniT) ar unda scildebodes ukve
dasmuli sakiTxis sazRvrebs da ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes mas.
pozicia
pozicia aris moxsenebis Sinaarsi. is warmoadgens im argumentebis
erTobliobas, romlebsac momxsenebeli iyenebs auditoriisa da msa-
jebis dasarwmuneblad.
pozicia moicavs aramarto ZiriTad argumentebs, aramed
msjelobas, magaliTebs, faqtebs, punqtebs “informaciisaTvis~. aq
igulisxmeba rogorc is masala, romelsac raimes dasamtkiceblad
viyenebT, aseve is masala, romliTac raimes uarvyofT.
poziciis elementebi:
pozicia unda iyos marTebuli, Sesabamisi da logikuri. argumen-
tebi Camoyalibebul unda iqnas logikurad da gasagebad. TiToeul
maTgans unda gaukeTdes Tavisi daskvna. pozicia mWidro kavSirSi
unda iyos sakamaTo TemasTan.
153
erT mxareze moTamaSe ori gundis pozicia unda iyos erTmaneT-
Tan dakavSirebuli Sinaarsobrivad da, rac mTavaria, ar unda moi-
cavdes winaaRmdegobebs.
manera
maneraSi igulisxmeba prezentacia. es aris sityviT gamosvlis
stili da struqtura.
stilis elementebi:
stilis elementebSi Sedis: TvalebiT kontaqti, xmis modulacia,
Jestikulacia, sasaubro ena, Canawerebis gamoyeneba da sxva elemen-
tebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens prezentaciis efeqturobaze.
TvalebiT kontaqtis dros, momxsenebeli ufro gulwrfeli Cans
da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi saubari ufro damajerebelia.
xmis modulacia mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac momxsenebels
eZleva saSualeba, intonaciis meSveobiT xazi gausvas mniSvnelovan
argumentebs da amiT ufro miizidos auditoriis yuradReba. aq ig-
ulisxmeba saubris toni, simaRle, xma, pauzebis gamoyeneba da a.S.
mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad aseve did
rols TamaSobs Jestikulacia, Tumca xelebis gadaWarbebuli qneva
ar aris saxarbielo, vinaidan sazogadoebis yuradReba gadava Jesti-
kulaciaze da ara gamosvlis Sinaarsze.
sasaubro ena unda iyos gasagebi da martivi. momxseneblebi, rom-
lebic zedmetad maRalfardovnad saubroben, aseve dakargaven audi-
toriis yuradRebas.
Canawerebis gamoyeneba nebadarTulia, magram momxseneblebi bo-
lomde Canawerebs ar unda daeyrdnon, radgan amiT ver gamoiyeneben
maneris sxva elementebs.
struqturis elementebi:
struqturis elementebSi Sedis: momxseneblis gamosvlis
struqtura da gundis poziciis struqtura.
prezentacia efeqturi iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pozicia
organizebulad iqneba Camoyalibebuli.
TiToeuli momxseneblis sityva:
1. unda moicavdes: Sesavals, daskvnas da argumentebs.
2. unda iyos droSi kargad ganawilebuli.
punqti informaciisaTvis
punqti “informaciisaTvis~ aris SekiTxva an komentari, romel-
ic SeTavazebulia gamomsvlelisadmi oponenti gundebis romelime
154
wevrisagan. rodesac erT-erTi gundis momxsenebeli sityviT gamo-
dis, sxva gundis momxsenebels SeuZlia kiTxviT mimarTos mas. amis
gasakeTeblad, is unda adges da miuTiTos, rom mas surs SeTavazos
punqti “informaciisaTvis~, Semdegi sityvis warmoTqmiT: “infor-
maciisaTvis~. gamomsvlels SeuZlia miiRos an ar miiRos punqti. Tuki
is gadawyvets, rom punqti miiRos, is ubralod miscems momxsenebels
sityvis uflebas da etyvis: “gismenT~ an “miRebulia.~ am dros das-
muli SekiTxva an gamoTqmuli komentari 15 wamze met xans ar unda ga-
grZeldes. es dro Sedis gamomsvlelisaTvis gankuTvnil droSi. Tu
punqti ugulebelyofilia, gamomsvlels SeuZlia uTxras oponents,
rom “punqti ar aris miRebuli~, an, ubralod, xeliT aniSnos mas, rom
dajdes. momxsenebeli unda gaCumdes da Tavisi adgili daikavos. es
ar aris uzrdeloba. gamomsvlels aseve SeuZlia ganacxados, rom is
punqts cota xanSi, azris damTavrebisTanave miiRebs.
punqti “informaciisaTvis~ gamoiyeneba ramdenime mizniT:
1. raTa dasvaT iseTi SekiTxva, romelzec momxsenebels pasuxis
gacema gauWirdeba.
2. raTa miuTiToT winaaRmdegoba oponentTa argumentebSi. magal-
iTad, Tuki gamomsvleli aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rac misma
kolegam ganacxada.
3. raTa gamomsvlels mosTxovoT konkretuli faqtis moyvana, an
moyvanili faqtis wyaros dasaxeleba.
4. raTa winaswar aTqmevinoT yvelaferi. saTanado kiTxvaze pasux-
is gasacemad, SeiZleba gamosvlels imis Tqmac mouxdes, raze
saubarsac Semdgom gamosvlebSi gegmavda.
5. raTa CarToT mcireodeni iumori TamaSSi.
rogorc xedavT, punqti “informaciisaTvis~ sakmaod mniS-
vnelovan rols asrulebs TamaSis msvlelobaSi. arsebobs ramdenime
rCeva punqtebis miRebasTan da pasuxis gacemasTan dakavSirebiT:
• arasdros miiRoT sam punqtze meti da or punqtze naklebi erT
gamosvlaSi.
• punqtebs nu miiRebT erTi da imave momxseneblisagan, aseve ig-
norirebas nu gaukeTebT konkretulad romelime momxseneblis
punqtebs.
• rodesac ganixilavT iseT arguments, romelic SedarebiT sus-
tia, am dros punqts nu miiRebT, Torem es punqti SeiZleba
Tqveni argumentisTvis “sabediswero~ aRmoCndes. daicadeT,
sanam ufro Zlieri argumentebis ganxilvaze gadaxvalT.
• Tu Tqveni oponentebi Cumad sxedan da Tqven ganixilavT iseT
arguments, romelzec, darwmunebuli xarT, rom veravin Semoge-
155
davebaT, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Wkvianuri taqtika da TqvaT: “me
siamovnebiT miviRebdi Cemi oponentebisagan punqts “informacii-
saTvis~, Tuki isini SeZleben axsnan ratom. . . . .~. oponent gun-
debs ori gza rCebaT _ pirveli: Seecadon gipasuxon da meore:
reagireba ar moaxdinon. orive varianti Tqvens wisqvilze asxams
wyals. amavdroulad, es punqti miRebuli punqtebis siaSi Seva da
Tqven gacilebiT ufro rTul punqtebs aicilebT Tavidan.
• Tuki Tqven punqti miiReT da SekiTxvac moismineT, mas ignori-
reba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gaukeToT. winadadeba: “amaze
pasuxs mogvianebiT gagcemT~ _ xalxs aRizianebs, maSinac ki
roca es simarTlea. winadadeba: “me amaze ukve visaubre~ _ ar
aris damakmayofilebeli pasuxi.
aseve, arsebobs rCevebi punqtis SeTavazebasTan dakavSirebiT:
• winaswar moamzadeT ramdenime mniSvnelovani SekiTxva. ar aris
aucilebeli, rom yoveli maTgani gamoiyenoT.
• gaxsovdeT, Tuki Tqveni punqti Sedgeba samze meti winadadebisa-
gan, es ukve aris ara punqti “informaciisaTvis~, aramed moxsen-
eba. sanam wamodgebodeT, winaswar gansazRvreT Tqveni punqti,
is unda iyos maqsimalurad lakonuri.
• daafaseT, rodesac Tqven mogecemaT kiTxvis dasmis ufleba da
es Sansi Wkvianurad gamoiyeneT. nu dasvamT umniSvnelo kiTx-
vebs.
• Tuki Tqven mofiqrebuli gaqvT SesaniSnavi argumenti, romlis
wardgenasac Tqvens gamosvlaSi apirebT, nu gamoiyenebT mas
SekiTxvis dasmis dros. amiT Tqven mxolod gaafrTxilebT opo-
nents, raze apirebT saubars da saSualebas miscemT mas, winas-
war gagibaTiloT argumenti.
• CaiwereT oponetis pasuxebi Tqvens SekiTxvebze. man SeiZle-
ba moulodnelad moufiqrebeli pasuxi gagceT da SemdgomSi
winaaRmdegobaSi Cavardes Tavis kolegasTan.
momxsenebelTa pasuxismgeblobebi
TiToeul momxsenebels Tavisi movaleobebi akisria, romelTa
pirnaTlad Sesruleba didi warmatebis sawindaria.
Tumca, garda individualuri pasuxismgeblobebisa, arsebobs
valdebulebebi, romelTa Sesruleba yvela momxsenebels Tanabrad
evaleba.
156
premier-ministri
premier-ministri gamosvlas rezoluciis gamocxadebiT iwyebs da
gvTavazobs am rezoluciis definicias. magram definiciis mxolod
gamocxadeba ar kmara, aucilebelia, premier-ministrma daanaxos msa-
jebsa da oponentebs kavSiri rezoluciasa da mis mier warmodgenil
definicias Soris. agreTve, premier-ministrma naTlad unda axsnas
definiciaSi nagulisxmevi problema da Semdeg daiwyos argumentebis
moyvana. am SemTxvevaSic, rasakvirvelia, mxolod moyvana ar kmara,
saWiroa argumentebis gavrcoba da gamyareba.
mniSvnelovani da yuradsaRebia is, rom definicia da argumenta-
cia, romelic mohyavs premier-ministrs, ucvleli rCeba TamaSis bo-
lomde da amitomac saWiroa, moxseneba gakeTdes yvelasaTvis naTlad
da gasagebad.
premier-ministrma aseve unda isaubros Sedegebze da Tavisi ar-
gumentacia unda warmoadginos globalur aspeqtSi.
daskvnis saxiT, premier-ministrma unda Seajamos sakuTari ga-
mosvla da mokle mimoxilva gaukeTos mas.
opoziciis lideri
opoziciis lideri Tavis gamosvlas mTlianad premier-ministris
gamosvlas upirispirebs. is, rogorc wesi, mTavrobis mier Semotanil
definicias eTanxmeba, Tumca, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi (roca cxadia,
rom definicia ar aris logikur kavSirSi rezoluciasTan da a.S.),
mas SeuZlia alternatiuli definicia Semoitanos.
opoziciis lideri xazs usvams premier-ministris sisusteebs da
sakiTxs Tavis sasargeblod warmoaCens. man premier-ministris mier
moyvanili arc erTi argumenti upasuxod ar unda datovos. mas aseve
SeuZlia, warmoadginos kontr-argumentebi.
opoziciis lideris mier SerCeuli strategia Zalzed mniS-
vnelovania, vinaidan mas emyareba opoziciis orive gundis Semdgomi
gamosvlebi.
premier-ministris moadgile
premier-ministris moadgilis gamosvla gamxsneli mTavrobis
bolo gamosvlaa, amitom is garkveulwilad analizsac unda moi-
cavdes. Tumca, misi mTavari movaleobaa permier-ministris mier moy-
vanili argumentebis gavrcoba da damamtkicebeli masalis gamoyen-
eba.
premier-ministris moadgiles TamaSSi axali argumentebis Semot-
anac SeuZlia, Tumca, sasurvelia, rom maTi ricxvi 1-2-s ar aRemate-
157
bodes, radgan mas isedac bevri sakiTxis ganxilva evaleba. aRsaniS-
navia, rom misi axali argumentacia araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda
ewinaaRmdegebodes premier-ministris mier moyvanil argumentacias,
piriqiT, axali da Zveli argumentebi “logikur jaWvs~ unda qmnidnen.
premier-ministris moadgilem mTavrobisa da opoziciis mier war-
modgenili poziciebi erTmaneTs unda Seadaros ise, rom xazi gausvas
sakuTari poziciis upiratesobebs da opoziciis poziciis uaryofiT
mxareebs. aq mTavaria msjeloba, damatkicebeli masalis moSvelieba
da oponentebis poziciaSi “Secdomebis aRmoCena~.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, premier-ministris moadgilis gamos-
vliT mTavrdeba gamxsenli mTavrobis sityviT gamosvlebi, amito-
mac, momxsenebelma yvelaferi unda gaakeTos imisaTvis, rom palatis
spikersa da msajebs kargad daamaxsovros sakuTari gundi, es ki ioli
rodia: mis gamosvlas kidev xuTi gamosvla mosdevs.
opoziciis lideris moadgile

opoziciis lideris moadgile 15 wuTis manZilze Tvalyurs
adevnebda TamaSs. Sesabamisad, igi ufro momgebian mdgomareobaSi
aRmoCnda, vidre misi Tanagundeli. man Zal-Rone ar unda daiSuros
imisaTvis, rom TamaSis pirvel naxevars Tavisi gundis sasargeblo
analizi gaukeTos.
opoziciis lideris moadgilis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi mov-
aleobaa, gaakeTos premier-ministris moadgilis mier moyvanili
argumentaciis uaryofa da gabaTileba. man aseve unda Seadaros
premier-ministrisa da premier-ministris moadgilis gamosvlebi da
Tuki maTSi raime winaaRmdegobebs waawydeba, amaze aucileblad unda
gaamaxvilos yuradReba Tavis gamosvlaSi.
opoziciis lideris moadgilem, Tavisi gamosvlis dasruleb-
is Semdeg, jer ar icis, Tu ras izams damasrulebeli mTavroba da
damasrulebeli opozicia, magram, am etapze, sasurvelia, man is mainc
icodes, rom misi gundi pirvel adgilzea da gamxsenli mTavrobis
pozicia mTlianad uaryofilia.
mTavrobis wevri
mTavrobis wevris gamosvliT iwyeba TamaSis axali etapi, romelic
man Tavis sasargeblod unda gamoiyenos. mTavrobis wevris movale-
obebSi im argumentebis aRdgenac Sedis, romlebic gamxsenlma opozi-
ciam gamxsnel mTavrobas gaubaTila.
mTavrobis wevrma TamaSSi siaxleebi unda Seitanos. miuxedavad
imisa, rom erT pozicias ori gundi icavs, debatSi mxolod erTi
158
gundi imarjvebs, amitom damasrulebelma mTavrobam Tavisi individ-
ualuri wvlili unda Seitanos TamaSSi.
mTavrobis wevrma unda gaafarTovos gamxsneli mTavrobis mier
SemoTavazebuli definicia. amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia axali argu-
mentebis SemotaniT da sakiTxisadmi sxva mxridan midgomiT. magali-
Tad, Tuki gamxsneli mTavrobis argumentebSi aqcenti gadatanili
iyo politikur aspeqtebze, mTavrobis wevrs SeuZlia TamaSSi ekono-
mikuri aspeqtebi Semoitanos. miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavrobis wevri
agrZelebs gamxsneli mTavrobis mier Semotanili poziciis mtkice-
bas, man igive ar unda gaimeoros. ra Tqma unda, es imas ar niSnavs,
rom mTavrobis wevri gamxsnel mTavrobas unda daupirispirdes, pi-
riqiT, amis gakeTeba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba. definiciis
gafarToeba (axali argumentaciis SemotaniT) ar unda scildebodes
ukve dasmuli sakiTxis sazRvrebs da ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes mas.
definiciis gafarToeba aseve ar niSnavs alternatiuli an meore
definiciis Semotanas, an kidev zogadad, mTavar rezoluciaze kama-
Tis dawyebas.
opoziciis wevri
opoziciis wevri, mTavrobis wevris msgavsad, axali ideebiTa da
argumentebiT agrZelebs TamaSs. am SemTxvevaSi, opoziciis wevri
Tavis argumentacias, faqtebsa da mosazrebebs mTlianad mTavrobis
wevris gamosvlas upirispirebs.
opoziciis wevris uaryofa da kontr-argumentebi unda gansx-
vavdebodes gamxsneli opoziciis uaryofisagan.
opoziciis wevris mTavari movaleoba mTavrobis poziciis uaryo-
faa, magram misTvis Zalian momgebiani iqneba paralelurad oponen-
tebis Secdomebze TamaSi. Tuki gamxsneli mTavrobisa da damasrule-
beli mTavrobis gamosvlebi erT “logikur jaWvs~ ar qmnidnen, Tuki
maTSi adgili hqonda azrobriv SeuTanxmeblobebs, opoziciis wevrma
es Secdomebi aucileblad unda aRniSnos.
opoziciis wevri ganagrZobs gamxsneli opoziciis strategias,
magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tavisi damoukidebeli argumenta-
ciac Semoaqvs TamaSSi. es imisTvisaa saWiro, rom damasrulebelma
opoziciam Tavisi sityva Tqvas debatSi da msajebs daumtkicos, rom
saukeTesoa.
mTavrobis organizatori da opoziciis organizatori

mTavrobis organizatori da opoziciis organizatori TamaSs as-
159
ruleben. amitom, es gamosvlebi umniSvnelovanesia. maTi umTavresi
movaleobaa mTeli TamaSis analizis gakeTeba. am gamosvlebSi axali
argumentebis warmodgena araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba, Tumca,
axali faqtebisa da magaliTebis gamoyeneba dasaSvebia.
analizis gakeTebis dros, momxseneblebma aucileblad unda war-
moaCinon ZiriTadi gansxvavebebi or pozicias Soris da daamtkicon,
Tu riTia erTi pozicia meoreze ukeTesi. maT unda gaamaxvilon
yuradReba Sejaxebebze da warmoaCinon TavianTi upiratesobebi.
bolo gamosvlebisaTvis gankuTvnili 5 wuTi veranairad ver iqne-
ba sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom ganxilul iqnas TamaSis dros wamoWrili
yvela sakiTxi. am dros momxseneblebma organizeba unda gaukeTon
mniSvnelovan punqtebs da daalagon isini logikuri TanmimdevrobiT.
opoziciis ZiriTadi strategia

saxelidanac naTelia, rom opoziciis ZiriTadi mizania daupirisp-
irdes mTavrobis mier Semotanil qeiss.
debatebSi arsebobs ramdenime strategia, romelic SegiZliaT
gamoiyenoT sawyis etapze.
1. pirdapiri uaryofa (punqtebis mixedviT)
2. struqturuli opozicia (gamoiyenoT mTavrobis struqtura
maT winaaRmdeg)
3. SeafasoT mTavrobis upiratesobebi
4. gamoicaniT momavali argumentebi
5. SemoinaxeT argumentebi Semdegi gamosvlisTvis (Tu es SesaZle-
belia)
SegiZliaT mimarToT pirdapir strategias, anu, gayveT mTavro-

bis mier SemoTavazebul xazs, rigrigobiT uaryoT argumentebi da
daupirispirdeT problemis gadaWris gzebs. Tumca, am dros unda
gaiTvaliswinoT, rom kargi mTavroba yovelTvis winaswar fiqrobs
opoziciaze da mzad aqvs pasuxebi logikurad sadavo sakiTxebze.
aseve SegiZliaT airCioT uaryofis iribi gza da dafiqrdeT,
privel rigSi, SemoTavazebul problemaze, cvlilebis saWiroebasa
da sxva SesaZlo gamosavalze. am SemTxvevaSi, Tqven SegiZliaT moi-
fiqroT raRac gansxvavebuli, moulodneli da saintereso, Semoa-
brunoT gegma Tqvens sasargeblod an “miitacoT~ mTavrobis gegma da
daumatoT Tqvens SemoTavazebas.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Tqven unda dasaxoT TamaSis dacviTi an

SeteviTi strategia. dacviTi strategiis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven cdilobT
160
daanaxoT msajs, Tu ratom ar unda waagoT es raundi. SeteviTi Tama-
Sis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven unda daumtkicoT msajs, Tu ratom gekuTvniT
am raundSi gamarjveba.
gaxsovdeT, rom ZiriTadad qeisebi aris cvlilebis Sesaxeb. ro-

gorc opozicias, Tqven SegiZliaT airCioT nebismieri strategia
SemoTavazebuli cvlilebis sawinaaRmdegod.
yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba sami strategiidan erT-erTi:
1. cvlileba ar aris saWiro
2. cvlileba ar gaamarTlebs
3. cvlileba sazianoa
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, Tqven unda daamtkicoT, rom problema an

saerTod ar arsebobs da amitom mas arc mogvareba da arc arsebul
mdgomareobaSi cvlilebebi sWirdeba, an rom problema cvlilebis
gareSec mogvardeba (nebismieri mizeziT, mag. dro, situacia, a.S.).
meore SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia warmoadginoT kargi dasabuTeba
imisa, rom SemoTavazebuli cvlileba ar gaamarTlebs arsebul dros
an SemoTavazebul situaciaSi.
mesame SemTxvevaSi saWiroa cvlilebis ganxorcielebis SemTx-
vevaSi seriozuli moraluri, xarisxobrivi an raodenobrivi nak-
lovanebebis warmoCena da realuri zianis an safrTxis Cveneba.
am SemTxvevaSi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Teoria, romlis mixedviTac,
adamianTa erTi jgufis mier ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, garkveuli
cvlileba sasargebloa, magram Tu imaves sxva gaimeorebs, SeiZleba
es saziano gamodges.
aris aseve jaWvuri reaqciis Teoria, romelic am SemTxvevaSic
xSirad gamoiyeneba da amtkicebs, rom am moqmedebas aucileblad (an
SesaZlebelia) mohyves meore, mesame da a.S. nabiji, romelic garkveu-
li drois Semdeg uares problemebamde migviyvans.
uaryofis/gabaTilebis dros gamosayenebeli sasargeblo

struqtura
• isini amtkiceben, rom.....
• magram.......
• radgan......
• amitomac.........
ecadeT srulad upasuxoT argumentebs da mihyveT mTavrobis

mier SemoTavazebul Tanmimdevrobas.
161
gabaTilebisas
• yuradReba miaqcieT imas, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba esa Tu is
argumenti qeiss da ramdenad mniSvnelovania igi am SemTxvevaSi.
• meti dro dauTmeT mniSvnelovan argumentebs da ecadeT, Seam-
ciroT maTi mniSvneloba raodenobrivad an xarisxobrivad.
• SeecadeT SemoabrunoT oponentis argumentebi Tqvens sasarge-
blod an maTi argumentebi _ maTsave sawinaaRmdegod.
• `gamouval mdgomareobaSi~ upasuxeT am arguments.
opoziciis gaZlierebuli strategia

opoziciis gaZlierebuli strategia Sedgeba ZiriTadad “uary-
ofiTi mxareebisa~ da kontr-gegmebisagan.
“uaryofiTi mxare~ aris mizezobrivi argumenti, romelic amt-
kicebs, rom gegma an qeisi gamoiwvevs cud Sedegs. am strategiis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia Candes mizez-Sedegobrivi kav-
Siri faqtebs Soris.
rodesac Tqven gauwevT opozicias mTavrobas, dasviT SekiTxva,
“ratom ar ganxorcielebula es gegma aqamde?~ es dagexmarebaT uke-
Tesi, realuri argumentebis SemuSavebaSi.
kargia, Tu Tqven SeZlebT da SeadarebT erTi da imave sazomiT
gasazRvrul sikeTeebs, magaliTad, danaxarjebis upiratesobebSi ip-
oviT uaryofiT mxareebs da daupirispirdebiT isev danaxarji Tanxis
raodenobiT da ara, magaliTad, usaqmod darCenili xalxis ricxviT.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, naklebia zerele daSvebis Sansi da Tqveni msjelo-
ba ufro myari da Tanamimdevruli iqneba.
uaryofiTi mxareebis warmoCenisas, ecadeT, daxatoT rac SeiZle-
ba xasxasa suraTi msajebisaTvis, imis Sesaxeb Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes
mTavrobis gegmis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi. ase Tqveni gamosvla
ufro efeqturi da dasamaxsovrebeli iqneba.
meore da Zalian mniSvnelovani strategia aris kontr-gegmis
Semotana.
pirveli, rac aucileblad unda gvaxsovdes aseTi strategiis
arCevisas aris is, rom kontr-gegma unda iyos gegmis absoluturad
sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba da gamoricxavdes am oris erTdroulad
ganxorcielebas. anu ori gegma unda iyos urTierTgamomricxavi.
martivad Tu vityviT da davarqmevT, rom mTavroba amtkicebs, rom
raRac sakiTxi aris “kargi~, opoziciam aucileblad unda amtkicos,
rom es aris “cudi~ da ara is, rom SeiZleba raRac amaze ukeTesi an
162
SedarebiT kargi iyos. Tu ase ar moxdeba, mTavrobas eqneba Sansi.
gamoiyenos Tqveni gegma da “miitacos~ is da gaaumjobesos Tavisi
pozicia.
amave dros, mniSvnelovania, rom mxolod kontr-gegma unda iyos
calke aRebul gegmaze ukeTesi da ar unda warmoadgendes arsebuli
mdgomareobis nawils.
modiT, ganvixiloT erTi Cveulebrivi situacia yoveldRiuri
cxovrebidan, sadac Cven yovel wuTs viyenebT kontr-gegmebs.
davuSvaT, Tqven xarT biblioTekaSi megobarTan erTad da gindaT
gamoitanoT wigni, megobari ambobs: modi, dRes ekonomikis saxelmZ-
Rvanelo gamovitanoT.
Tqven: ara, modi, magis magivrad qimiis wigni aviRoT.
es ukve kontr-gegmaa, radgan Tqven gamoiyeneT arCevani “erTi
meoris magivrad~.
magram aseT SemTxvevaSi, advilia, Tqven gaagrZeloT saubari da
megobarma SemogTavazoT orives gamotana.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven daTanxmdiT, misi kontr-gegma CaiSala.
ukeT rom vTqvaT, man ar gamoricxa pirveli gegma da radgan Tqven
misi idea “aitaceT~, es Tqveni gegmis nawili gaxda.
ase rom ar moxdes, man naTlad unda warmoaCinos Tu ratom aris
saWiro maincadamainc misi gegmis ganxorcieleba.
amisaTvis SegiZliaT ori xerxi gamoiyenoT:

• daamtkicoT, rom qimiis wignis gamotana cudi azria (aq Segi-
ZliaT moitanoT argumentebi, rom jer gamocda Sorsaa, rom
qimia ekonomikaze naklebad sainteresoa TqvenTvis, rom qimiis
mecadineoba ekonomikis CaTvlas ver migaRebinebT, a.S.);
an
• daamtkicoT, rom Tqveni kontr-gegma aris kargi azri (Segi-
ZliaT daeyrdnoT mosazrebas, rom praqtikaSi ekonomika ufro
gamogadgebaT, vidre qimia; aucilebelia ekonomikis dRes meca-
dineoba, radgan xval CaTvlaa; an rom mxolod ekonomika gWird-
ebaT, radgan Tqven saerTod ar swavlobT qimias).
yvela am argumentis mizani erTia _ daamtkicos, rom gegma ar

aris saWiro da rom saWiroa kontr-gegmis ganxorcieleba.
rogorc adre aRvniSneT, kontr-gegma unda gamoricxavdes gegmis

ganxorcielebas.
163
arsebobs analizis gakeTebis ramdenime xerxi:
1. dajgufeba
TamaSSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis dajgufeba sam-oTx argumentSi

SeiZleba. aCveneT, rom Tqveni oponentebis mTeli argumentacia dad-
is erT an or ZiriTad ideamde, romelic Tqven SegiZliaT advilad
uaryoT.
2. arCeviToba
airCieT Setevis mimarTuleba, dro ar dakargoT da ignorire-

ba gaukeTeT meorexarisxovan argumentebs, gadadiT uSualod
debatebis centrisken.
3. mimoxilvebi
mimoxilvebi aris saSualeba, raTa organizacia gaukeToT TamaSSi
wamyvani Temebisa da faseulobebis irgvliv warmoSobil Sejaxebebs.
miuTiTeT ZiriTad sakiTxebze, imaze, Tu rogor gaavrco isini orive
mxarem da imaze, Tu ratom iyo Tqveni gundi yvelaze Zlieri. miu-
TiTeT konfliqtis areebze, es aris is specifikuri punqtebi, rom-
lebTan dakavSirebiTac warmoiSva Sejaxebebi.
4. diqotomiebi
es meTodi saSualebas aZlevs gamomsvlels, Seadaros mTavrobis
gegmis mixedviT msoflios bedi opoziciis gegmis mixedviT msof-
lios beds. isev da isev moitaneT kontrastuli Sedareba, romelic
yuradRebas amaxvilebs imaze, risi Tqmac gsurT. es aris efeqturi,
mkveTri da ubralo gza, raTa sainteresod miuTiToT konfliqtis
ZiriTad areebze. diqotomiebi agreTve saSualebas aZlevs gamomsv-
lels, Seqmnas naTeli suraTi mosalodneli ubedurebisa, rac
oponetebis gegmis Sesrulebas moyveba, da suraTi im sayovelTao
bednierebisa, rasac gamomsvleli Tavisi gundis mier SemoTavazebu-
li gegmis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi gvpirdeba.
aucilebeli ar aris, mTavrobis an opoziciis organizatorma
konkretulad romelime SemoTavazebuli xerxiT ixelmZRvanelos
analizis gakeTebis dros. dasaSvebia ramdenime xerxis gaerTianeba,
an sakuTari taqtikis SemuSaveba.
164
rCevebi
• daupirispirdiT ideebs da ara pirovnebebs.

• gaxsovdeT, Tuki realur situaciasa da gamoyenebul analogias
Soris arsebobs gansxvaveba, maSin analogia gamousadegaria.
• cnobil adamianTa mosazerebebis gamoyeneba argumentebSi, ra
Tqma unda, sasurvelia, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom ori aTasi
wlis win mcxovrebi adamianis azri yovelTvis sworia, amitomac
argumentis mxolod aseT mosazrebaze dayrdnoba ar aris miz-
anSewonili.
• arasdros moiyvanoT magaliTi sakuTari gamocdilebidan.
• mosazrebis “popularoba~ ar niSnavs mis siswores. mxolod imi-
tom, rom mosaxleobis 90% raRacas “ase~ miiCnevs, ar niSnavs,
rom “es marTlac asea~.
• statistika, romelsac gamoiyenebT, aucileblad daukavSireT
arguments.
• msajebs moswonT gunduri muSaoba. SeimuSaveT marjve strate-
gia da gayaviT gundis pozicia orive gamomsvlelisaTvis Tana-
brad. es ise unda gaakeToT, rom pirvelma momxsenebelma Tqvas
yovelive, rasac meore momxsenebeli ityvis da meore Seexos
yvelafers, rac pirvelma Tqva.
• gamosvla daasruleT efeqturad. gaakeTeT daskvna. sasurve-
lia, amisTvis winaswar moemzadoT.
• gamoiyeneT rac SeiZleba meti punqti “informaciisaTvis~. mi-
iReT mxolod ori an sami.
• kargad gaiazreT Tqveni pozicia.
• Tqveni oponentebis poziciaSi aRmoaCineT winaaRmdegobebi.
• arasdros waikiTxoT winaswar momzadebuli teqsti.
• arasdros gamoiyenoT “cru~ faqtebi.
• yuradreba miaqcieT prezentacias.
• arasdros gaukeToT ignorireba Tqvens kolegas.
• arasdros daamTavroT gamosvla droze adre.
165
msajoba
konkurentunariani debatis mizania darwmuneba. am darwmunebis
obieqtia msaji.
msajoba, albaT, yvelaze Zneli da sakamaTo sakiTxia debatebSi.
kargma msajma unda daiviwyos yvela Tavisi piradi azri da Sexedule-
ba da Seafasos debatebi mxolod TamaSis dros mosmenili msjelo-
bidan gamomdinare.
msaji unda iyos obieqturi, kargi msmeneli, kargi maswavlebeli
da a.S.
msajobis ZiriTadi kriteriumi martivia: damajerebloba. Tumca,
mainc gamovyofT im sakiTxebs, rasac msajma yvelaze didi yuradReba
unda dauTmos:
1. argumentacia da analizebi;
2. organizebuloba;
3. uaryofa;
4. stili da ritorika;
5. efeqturi iumori;
6. damamtkicebeli masala;
7. punqti “informaciisaTvis~;
8. gunduri muSaoba.
msajis ZiriTadi movaleobebia:

1. waruZRves TamaSs, Tuki is palatis spikeria;
2. gaakeTos TamaSis sruli da safuZvliani Canaweri;
3. ar Caerios TamaSSi;
4. ar dasvas SekiTxvebi, an ar moiTxovos raimes axsna-ganmarteba;
5. TamaSis Semdeg sxva msajebTan erTad ganixilos debati;
6. mianiWos gundebs rangebi;
7. dauweros gundebs qulebi;
8. dauweros momxseneblebs individualuri qulebi;
9. gaakeTos TamaSis zepiri komentarebi;
10. Seavsos biuleteni;
msaji SeiZleba iyos erTi an ramdenime, Tumca, sasurvelia TamaSs
sami msaji mainc eswrebodes.
TamaSis Semdgom msajebma unda moilaparakon saboloo gadawy-
vetilebis Taobaze da saerTod, maT unda iTanamSromlon erTmaneT-
Tan. ra Tqma unda, msajebs Soris SeiZleba gaCndes azrTa sxvadasx-
vaoba, Tumca, maT unda imsjelon da miaRwion konsensuss.
166
rangebis miniWeba
msajebi gundebs aniWeben rangebs. gamarjvebuli gundi iRebs
pirvel rangs, meore adgilze gasuli gundi meore rangs da a.S.
Tuki moTamaSeebi didi droiT (maqsimum 10 wuTiT) daagvianeben
debatze, an Tuki romelime gundis wevri Seuracxyofas miayenebs
sxva modebates misi religiis, sqesis, rasis, feris, erovnebis da sxv.
gamo, gunds avtomaturad ewereba meoTxe rangi.
msajebi unda SeTanxmdnen rangebTan dakavSirebiT. Tuki maT
mainc gauWirdebaT konsensusis miRweva, rangebi iwereba msajTa um-
ravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT. xolo iq, sadac umravlesoba ar arse-
bobs, am sakiTxs palatis spikeri gadawyvets.

qulebis dawera gundebisaTvis
qulebi iyofa xuT kategoriad: A, B, C, D da E kategoriebad:

A
180-200
SesaniSnavi da unaklo gundi. aseT dones albaT mxolod nax-
evarfinalebSi an finalSi Tu SexvdebiT.

B
160-179
saSualoze kargi gundi. moTamaSeebi aSkarad Zlierebi
arian da Zalian cota sisuste aqvT.

C
140-159
saSualo gundi. gunds gaaCnia imdenive upiratesoba, ram-
denic sisuste.

D
120-139
saSualoze naklebi gundi. mas bevri sisuste aqvs.

E
100-119
Zalian susti gundi. mas saerTod ar gaaCnia upirateso-
bebi.
167
qulebis dawera individualuri momxseneblebisaTvis
qulebi kvlav xuT kategoriad iyofa:

A
90-100
SesaniSnavi da unaklo momxsenebeli. aseT dones, albaT,
mxolod naxevarfinalebSi an finalSi Tu SexvdebiT.

B
80-89
saSualoze kargi momxsenebeli. is aSkarad Zlieria da
Zalian cota sisuste gaaCnia.

C
70-79
saSualo momxsenebeli. mas gaaCnia imdenive upiratesoba,
ramdenic sisuste.

D
60-69
saSualoze naklebi momxsenebeli. mas bevri sisuste aqvs.

E
50-60
Zalian susti momxsenebeli.
aucilebeli ar aris, yvela msajma erTi da igive qula daweros.

mTavaria TiToeuli momxseneblisadmi an gundisadmi dawerili qule-
bi erT kategorias warmoadgendes. magaliTad erTsa da imave momxsen-
ebels erTi msaji 95, xolo meore 86 qulas ver dauwers, vinaidan es
qulebi sxvadasxva kategorias ganekuTvneba.
ase rom, msajebi, garda rangebisa, qulebis kategoriebzec unda
SeTanxmdnen.
yoveliveze SeTanxmebis Semdeg msajebi avseben biuletens, romel-
ic ase gamoiyureba:
zepiri komentarebi
msajTa TaTbiris da saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg,
msajebi akeTeben zepir komentarebs.
komentars akeTebs an palatis spikeri, an is msaji, romelsac pa-
168
latis spikeri CaTvlis saWirod.
komentarebis dros:
1. unda gamocxaddes gundebis rangebi.

2. ganxilul iqnas TamaSi da dasaxeldes gadawyvetilebis mizeze-
bi.
3. komentari gaukeTdes yvela gunds da SeZlebisdagvarad yvela
momxsenebels.

zepiri komentarebi unda gagrZeldes maqsimum 10 wuTs. modeba-
teebs SeuZliaT kiTxvebi dausvan msajebs, Tumca, es unda moxdes
Zalian zrdilobianad. msajsa da modebateebs Soris debati ar unda
gaCaRdes.
169
saparlamento debatebi
msajis biuleteni
msaji: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
raundi: . . . . . . oTaxi: . . . . . . dro: . . . . .
rezolucia: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gamxsneli mTavroba: . . . . . . . . . . . . gamxsneli opozicia: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
premier-ministri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . opoziciis lideri: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
premier-ministris moadgile . . . . . . opoziciis lideris moadgile: . . . . . .
pozicia manera jami rangi pozicia manera jami rangi

(50) (50) (100) (1-8) (50) (50) (100) (1-8)
p.m. o.l.
p.m.m. o.l.m
komentarebi: komentarebi:
gundis rangi: gundis rangi:
damasrulebeli mTavroba: . . . . . . . . . damasrulebeli opozicia: . . . . . . . . . . . .
mTavrobis wevri: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . opoziciis wevri: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .....
mTavrobis organizatori: . . . . . . . opoziciis organizatori: . . . . . . . . .
... ....
pozicia manera jami rangi pozicia manera jami rangi

(50) (50) (100) (1-8) (50) (50) (100) (1-8)
m.w. o.w.
m.o. o.o.
komentarebi: komentarebi:
gundis rangi: gundis rangi:
170
dasasrulisaTvis
saxelmZRvanelo miznad isaxavs, daexmaros debatebis trenerebs

organizebulad da profesiulad warmarTon debatebis swavleba.
mTavari rCeva, romelic gvinda yvelas gavuziaroT:
• debatebs mozardebi yvelaze kargad debatebiT swavloben.
SeecadeT xSirad moawyoT debatebis TamaSi. amxanaguri Ta-
maSebi klubis wevrebsa Tu sxva klubebs Soris mniSvnelovnad
aumjobesebs TamaSis xarisxs. mozardebs eZlevaT stimuli moma-
vali debatebisaTvis ufro srulyofili poziciebi moamzadon.
xSirad moawyveT Ria karis dRe, moiwvieT debatebze,sxva maswav-
leblebi, administraciis wevrebi, mSoblebi.
• waaxaliseT debatklubis wevrebi. moawyveT eqskursiebi, sajaro
debatebi,Sexvedrebi saintereso adamianebTan.
yvelaze efeqturi ki debatebiT mozardebis dainteresebisa da
teqnikis daxvewis TvalsazrisiT aris debatebis turnirebis mow-
yoba. Sejibris suliskveTeba da gundebis intensiuri TamaSi mniS-
vnelovnad aviTarebs mozardebis pirovnul da inteleqtualur Sesa-
Zleblobebs.
171
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. ФОРМАТ ДЕБАТОВ КАРЛА ПОППЕРА С ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КЕЙСА. Е.Г.Калинкина, С.А.Наумов. 2002
2. Driscoll William. Joseph P. Zompetti Discovering the world through debate

for debaters, coaches and judges, 2003.
3. Парламентские дебаты: путеводитель для студентов, знакомых с

форматом дебатов Карла Поппера. Арло Девлин-Браун. http://www.ex-
periment.lv/rus/debate/mat/par_book.htm
4. konstruqciuli debatebi. nino beriSvili, TinaTin cercvaZe,

konstantine maRraZe, naTia fircxalava. ,,saganmanaTleblo
debatebis asociacia” 2006 w.
5. saganmanaTleblo debatebi, saxelmZRvanelo skolis maswavle-

blebisaTvis. konstantine maRraZe, nino beriSvili, TinaTin
cercvaZe. ,,saganmanaTleblo debatebis asociacia~. 2009 w.
172

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formaluri debatebis

avtori: nino beriSvili

konsultanti: qeTevan kobalaZe

dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili

daibeWda Sps ,,beWdvis samyaroSi“

© samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2016

saganmanaTleblo debatebi saqarTveloSi 1998 wlis gazafx-

formaluri debatebis swavlebis miznebi

vis saxels atarebs saganmanaTleblo formaluri debatebi da ra

debatebis Seswavlis sawyis etapze mniSvnelovania auditoriam

ratom unda iswavlon mozardebma debatebis TamaSi?

meore Sexvedra xalisiani da saintereso rom gamovides, gavaaqti-

pirveli etapi _ wamyvani kiTxulobs mokle istorias da dafaze

erTi ledis istoria

1.argumenti megobrebi Tavis

mocemul sqemaze mkafiod Cans savarjiSos struqtura, gamosv-

N momxsenebeli dro, gamosvlaTa klasificireba

2 3 uarmyofeli 1 mtkicebiTi 3 jvaredini dakiTxva

3 1 urmyofeli 6 spikeris sityviT gamosvla

4 3 mtkicebiTi 1 uarmyofeli 3 jvaredini dakiTxva

5 2 mtkicebiTi 5 spikeris sityviT gamosvla

6 1 uarmyofeli 2 mtkicebiTi 3 jvaredini dakiTxva

7 2 uarmyofeli 5 spikeris sityviT gamosvla

8 1 mtkicebiTi 2 uarmyofeli 3 jvaredini dakiTxva

9 3 mtkicebiTi 5 spikeris sityviT gamosvla

10 3 uarmyofeli 5 spikeris sityviT gamosvla

gamosvlebs Soris mosafiqrebeli dro _ 8-8 wuTi. debatebis

3 mtkicebiTi 2 mtkicebiTi 1 mtkicebiTi 1 uarmyofeli 2 uarmyofeli 3 uarmyofeli

msaji drois aRmricxveli

kargia, Tu modebateebi da msajebi magidebTan ganTavsdebian. ase

• yuradRebiT vusmenT oponentebs;

mtkicebiTi da uarmyofeli qeisi

1mtkicebiTi 1uarmyofeli 2mtkicebiTi 2uarmyofeli 3mtkicebiTi 3uarmyofeli

savarjiSo #1 `rezoluciebis mogoneba~

ra aris definiciebi da ras sWirdeba ganmartebebi?

definicia unda iyos:

argumentebi da maTi mniSvneloba

savarjiSo #2 _ `argumentis SemuSaveba~

dasabuTeba logikuri msjelobiT

ras niSnavs, rodesac gundebi or mxareze debatoben?

savarjiSo #3 _ `argumentebi or mxareze~

#1 gundi #2 gundi #3 gundi #4 gundi #5 gundi #1 gundi

savarjiSo # 4 `SevimuSaoT kriteriumi~

rogor moviZioT damamtkicebeli masalebi

damamtkicebeli masalis gamoyeneba

savarjiSo # 6 `movigonoT faqtebi~

qeisi _ modebate mxaris pozicia

mtkicebiTi gundis pozicia

savarjiSo # 7 `SevimuSavoT mtkicebiTi qeisi~

`did qalaqSi cxovrebas patara sofelSi cxovreba sjobs~

sqema 4 _ `mtkicebiTi qeisi~

sadebato re- did qalaqSi cxovrebas patara sofelSi cxovreba sjobs

definiciebi definiciebs (ganmartebebs) gundebi sakuTari poziciis Se-

uarmyofeli poziciis formireba

uaryofa da aRgdena, rogorc debatebis safuZveli

rogor movemzadoT uarmyofeli poziciisaTvis?

savarjiSo #8 ` ratom ar veTanxmebi rezolucias?~

savarjiSos pirvel etapze mwvrTneli 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi