ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to the principal

Dr. Diwakar Singh sir for giving me the golden
opportunity to do a wonderful project on the topic “DNA
Vaccination” which has helped me do a lot of research .

I would extend my heartiest thanks to my biology

teacher Mrs. Juhi Rai madam for providing me with all
the support I needed at all time.

I would like to gratefully thank my parents for providing

me with all the facilities and favourable environment at
home.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that I Suyash Baghel of class 12-B of
Kendriya Vidyalaya B.H.U Campus , Varanasi has
successfully completed the topic DNA VACCINATION
as Investigatory project as prescribed by All India Senior
Secondary School Certificate Examination (AISSCE) for
the academic year 2019-2020.

Signature of external Signature of internal

Examiner Examiner
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BHU
CAMPUS

VARANASI ( 1st shift )

SESSION - 2019-2020
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
TOPIC - DNA VACCINATION

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY 

 
Mrs. JUHIE RAI SUYASH BAGHEL 
PGT (BIOLOGY) CLASS 12 -B  
 INDEX

● CERTIFICATE
● ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
● INTRODUCTION
● WHAT IS DNA VACCINE
● WHY DNA VACCINE
● PRINCIPAL OF DNA VACCINE
● METHODS OF DELIVERY
● HOW DNA VACCINES WORK
● ADVANTAGES
● DISADVANTAGES
● APPLICATIONS
● CONCLUSIONS
● FUTURE OF DNA VACCINES
● REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION -
DNA vaccination is an interesting method of immunisation for its ability to induce
CTL strong responses, and it also can activate other immune systems.The DNA
vaccine achieves this goal by mimicking natural viral infections. The expression of
foreign genes transmitted to an ​in vivo​ (such as the body of the mouse) results in the
production of proteins, these proteins, such as proteins produced by viral genes, are
processed and delivered to the immune system. The ultimate outcome of DNA
vaccination is the production of non-living, non-proliferating and non-inflammatory
antigens that not only stimulate the immunity of TCD8+ and TCD4+ cells, but also
stimulate immune B cells. Details of the mechanisms of each DNA components of
the vaccine are still being investigated and are still is not fully understood.Somatic
cells (myocyte or keratinocyte) and antigen-presenting progenitor cells are two major
types of cells that are at the onset of the immune response generated by the DNA
vaccine. For example, after intramuscular injection of the plasmid, DCs and
myocytes are transfected. After the plasmid is inserted into the transfected cell
nucleus, the plasmid genes are expressed, and the external antigen is produced as
a peptide chain by the host cell. These peptides can act as dendritic cells or myositis
in conjunction with Class I or II MHCs or cross-linking pathways, which can lead to
immune function.
ADVANTAGES -
DISADVANTAGES -

Applications of DNA vaccines

Tests of DNA vaccines in animal models have shown that these vaccines are able to
induce protective immunity against a number of pathogens including influenza and
rabies viruses. At present, human trials are underway with several DNA vaccines,
including those for malaria, AIDS, influenza, Ebola and herpesvirus. The author
describes the current studies on DNA vaccines in a number of diseases.

CONCLUSIONS -

The field of DNA vaccination has recorded significant progress during the past
decades. Better-designed constructs and promoters, as well as novel delivery
technologies have been tested in animal models and advanced in the clinic. The
author explored the strategies for construction and working of DNA vaccines. The
applications of DNA vaccines in different diseases were highlighted. Much stress has
to be required by the researcher to develop DNA vaccines against various diseases.
It is also the requirement of the present time to develop ways and means to develop
the vaccine in a limited period of time, in order to help eradicate emerging infectious
diseases.

FUTURE OF DNA VACCINES -