Flexure: Behavior of Beams and One-Way Slabs

5) Distributes the load of the column equally among

the piles?
A. footing
B. pile cap
C. pile foundation

6) Structural Member whose function is to Transfer

the loads from a Building Safely into the Ground?
A. column
B. beam
C. footing

7)Specification of wide flange as W-12x24 means?

A. width and height
B. weight and height
C. thickness x width x height

8) What is the thickness of a two way slab with a

dimension of 5000x6000 mm?
A. 100mm
B. 122mm
C. 150mm

9)Technical term referring to earthquakes?

A. forces
B. seismic
C. forensic

1) Jack rafter between the hip and the valley rafters? 10) Which of the following is not a material used as a
A. hip jack rafter beam?
B. cripple jack rafter A. concrete
C. valley jack rafter B. steel
C. timber
2) Width of prestressed beam with a span of 8.0 m on D. PVC
light loadings?
A. 250mm 11) Reinforcement on column footing?
B. 500mm A. traverse bars
C. 400mm B. main bars
C. temperature bars
3)What is the most important determinant of concrete
strength? 12) Using 1/2" thk. Plywood and 2' x 3' formworks,
A. cement what is the economical section of a column?
B. water
C. gravel A. 500mmx500 mm
B. 600x600 mm
4) If the water content of the soil is high, what is to C. 700x700 mm
ideal way to do with the footing?
A. deeper 13) Reinforcing bars provided within the span of two
B. wider columns on combined footing?
C. thicker A. top bar
B. web bars
C. temperature bars
 A. 1 storey's high
14) Inclined structural member that supports the B. 2 storey's high
steps of a stair? C. 3 storey's high
A. flight
B. curtain step 23) Cutting of concrete pouring on a beam should
C. carriage be?
A. perpendicular to the span
B. parallel to the span
C. diagonally across the span
15) Ideal height of the "steel column joint line" from
finished floor level? 24) If the riser is 18cm, find the tread width using
A. 50 cm 50 cm riser / tread proportion formula (R) (T) = 75?
B. waist high A. 26.88 cm
C. 150 cm B. 28.66 cm
D. 210 cm C. 32.68 cm

16)The distance between inflection point in the 25) When rust is present in structural steel, it can be
column when it breaks? remedied by?
A. developed length A. scraping the rust off using steel brush
B. effective length B. coating with rust converter
C. equivalent length C. hot dipping process
D. solignum rust proof
17) Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion? Explanation: Be aware that this question is heavily
A. rip rap commented. Pls. inform Architectscube Team for the
B. flag stone correct information.
C. border stone
26)Used to hold horizontal batten on top of
18) Stiffener provided between a span of two bottom corrugated sheathing?
chords? A. corrugated G.I. sheet
A. cross bracing B. batten nail
B. box strut C. vertical batten
C. bridging
27)A type of half-lapped joint that resists tension?
19) A joint between adjacent parts of a structure A. lock splice
which permits movement between them? B. scarf splice
A. control joint C. square splice
B. construction joint
C. contraction joint 28)This is used for extending 32mm reinforcing bars?
A. coupler
20) Providing bolts on two girders within the span B. splicing
should have? C. plate
A. concrete spacer
B. slipper
C. wood block
29)Support used in steel decking?
21) What happens to short columns? A. scaffolding
A. elongates B. bracing system
B. buckles C. props
C. deform
30) What is the shape of a metal tube?
22) Ideal height of the steel column for high for mid A. semi-rounded cube
or high rise building? B. square
 C. octagonal
D. rounded section 38) Why round columns are better that other shape?
A. have the same radius of gyration on all
31) Rigid connection or anchorage at support of a sides
beam? B. clean detail and accepts good lighting
A. restraint effect
B. pre-stressed C. form works can be use more repeatedly
C. tied beam than other shapes

39)A bar used to hold the reinforcement on a beam?

32) Street line elevation is +10.00m, the reference A. tie bar
point is 2.00m above street line, the natural grade line B. web
is 3.00 below the reference point. Column footing C. lateral ties
depth is 2.00m from the natural grade line. What is
the elevation of the foundation bed? 40)Surface provided by a zocalo and drop wall?
A. +9.00m A. spandrels
B. +5.00m B. curtain wall
C. +7.00m C. facade

33) In precast construction, bearing pad used for

joint that rely on gravity by placing a beam on a
corbel of a column?
A. synthetic rubber
B. high density plastic
C. padding foam

34) What do you call the point wherein material is

about to Rupture?
A. ultimate strength TERMS:
B. inflection point
C. point of breaking  Bond Stress
The force adhesion per unit area of contact
35) Refer to the portion of a beam where bending between two bonded surface.
moment changes from positive to negative?
A. inflection point  450mm
B. mid point In walls and slabs other than concrete joist
C. top beam construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall
not be spaced farther apart than 3 times wall or
36) Alternative way of providing a 90 degree hook slab thickness not farther than _____.
bend on a 36mm bar without the use of a machine
bender?  d/2
A. heating the bar for easy bending Spacing of shear reinforcement placed
B. cutting a piece of bar and welding it 90 perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed member
degree on vertical bar shall not exceed _____.
C. bending two smaller diameter bars
which are equivalent to 36mm bar manually  Flexible Components
Is a component including its attachments having
37) It is the Depth below ground Water level fundamental period greater than 0.60 sec.
multiplied by the Weight of Water?
A. soil bearing pressure  25mm
B. hydrostatic pressure
C. water pressure equilibrium
 The minimum clear spacing between parallel
bars in a layer must not be db not less
than_____.
 200
The slenderness ratio, kl/r of compression
members shall not exceed______.
 25%
In the determination of seismic dead load with a
minimum of ___% of floor, live load shall be
applicable for storage and warehouse
occupancies.
 Vertical Geometric Irregularity
Story dimension greater than 130% of the
dimension of adjacent story.
 60 times
Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not
exceed _____ times the least width b of
compression flange or face.
 0.40
Deep continuous flexural members have overall
depth to clear span ratio greater than _____.
 1.4 Dead Load + 1.7 Live Load
Factored load for strength design method.
 Rigid Component
A component including its attachments having
fundamental period less than or equal to 0.06
sec.
 Bearing Wall System
It is a structural system without complete vertical
local carrying space frame.
 Allowable Stress
The maximum safe stress that a material can
withstand.
 0.75
Deep simple span flexural members has overall
depth to clear span ratio greater than______.
 Moment Resisting Frame
A frame with rigid joints, in which the members
and joints are capable of resisting vertical and
horizontal forces primarily by flexure. it is also
called a RIGID FRAME.
 Bearing Stress
Contact pressure developed between two bodies.
 Portal Method
Method of analyzing indeterminate modular
building frames by assuming hinges at the center
of beam spans and column heights.
 1.50db
In spirally reinforced or tied reinforcement
compression members, clear distance between
longitudinal bars shall not be less than _____.
 Braced Frame
An essentially vertical truss system of the
concentric or eccentric type that is provided to
resist lateral forces.
 10mm
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts
when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the
Philippines.
 0.70
USD strength reduction factor Ø for bearing on
concrete.
 0.90
USD strength reduction factor Ø for axial tension
and axial tension without flexure.
 0.85
USD strength reduction factor Ø for post
tensioned anchorage zones.
 0.70
USD strength reduction factor Ø for axial
compression and axial compression with flexure:
spiral reinforced.
 0.75
USD strength reduction factor Ø for axial
compression and axial compression with flexure:
tie and other reinforcement members.
 0.85
 USD strength reduction factor Ø for shear and
torsion.
 0.90
USD strength reduction factor Ø for flexure
without axial load.
 Minimum Diameter of Main Bars: 12 mm
 Minimum Diameter of Temp Bars: 10 mm
 Minimum Covers: 20mm for Indoors
 50mm if exposed to weather
 74mm if in contact with soil One-way Slab
Bars (Cover and Sizes)
-Main Bars
-Temp Bars
-Minimum Covers
Essential Facilities Structures that are necessary for
emergency operations subsequent to a natural disaster.
3mm Minimum size of fillet weld.
4700 √f'c Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
Thermal Stress The stress induced as a result of
restrained deformations due to changes in temperature.
Inflection Point It is a point in a beam or column where
there is no moment developed.
Essential Facilities Aviation control towers fall to
what type of occupancy?
0.01 - 0.08 Steel ratio ρ for spiral columns ranges
from _____.
L/240 The allowable deflection for any structural
member loaded with dead load and live load only.
100mm When grillage footings of structural steel shapes
are used on soils, they shall be completely embedded in
concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least _____ on the
bottom.
0.60m The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope
made to the site boundary line.
10 days Before commencing the excavation work, the
person making the excavation shall notify, in writing, the
owner of the adjoining building not less than _____ days
before such excavation is to be made.
ⱳL/2 A simply supported beam, L meters long,
carrying a uniformly distributed load of ⱳ in N/m,
produces a maximum shear force of _____.
Flanged Bolt Coupling Used to connect shafts.
Torque It is a twisting force that rotates or tends to rotate
a shaft.
Bond Adherence between materials such as bricks,
mortar or plies of felt or between felts and other elements
of roof systems which use bitumen or other materials as
the cementing agent.
0.003 The actual strain by which a concrete fails is
0.004. For safety purposes, the ACI code allowas
designers to use _____.
Bundled Bars:
-Minimum dia: 16mm
-Maximum dia: 36mm
-Minimum hoop/stirrup dia: 12mm
-Minimum cover: 50mm (indoor) Two to four parallel
reinforcing bars put in contact as a unit.
-Minimum diameter
-Maximum diameter
-Minimum hoop/stirrup
-Minimum Cover
a²=b²+c²-2bcCosA Cosine Law (formula)
Girder Large beam supporting a smaller beam.
7850kg/m³ or 490lb/ft³ Weight of steel.
WSD - Working Stress Design
USD - Ultimate Strength Design Methods of concrete
design
1/4 to 1/3 of the height of the building Excavation of
floating foundation.
Weight/Mass Irregularity Story mass greater than 150% of
the mass of adjacent story.
Weak Story Story strength less than 80% of the story
strength above.
Diaphragm A Horizontal or nearly horizontal system
including horizontal bracing system that act to transmit
lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements.
Stress Force per unit area.
Punching Shear The failure of a base when heavily
loaded columns strike a hole through it.
Working Stress Actual stress due to load applied.
Retaining Wall Supports soil pressure.
Dikes Supports hydrostatic pressure along rivers.
Development length (less than 300mm for deformed bars
in tension) An extension of the length in the
reinforcement used to develop strength required by the
code.
Curing Sprinkling of water to improve the hydration
process.
Settlement Gradual downward movement of an
engineering structure due to compression of the soil
below the foundation.
Compaction Densification of soil every 200mm.
200mm Minimum thickness of road.
375mm Minimum thickness of runway
aggregates Inert materials used in concrete which
occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened
concrete.
Hooke's Law A law stating that, in a linear system, the
restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the
body acting in a direction as to restore equilibrium.
Uplift Pressure Pressure coming from soil and water., Planted Column A column that is not aligned to a lower
The pressure in an upward direction against the bottom of floor column.
a structure or a basement floor or a road slab with the 2 years A complete record of test of materials and of
presence of water. concrete shall be available for inspection during the
Critical Path Series of interconnected activities progress of work and _____ years after completion of the
through the network for which an activity has a zero float project and shall be preserved by the inspecting engineer
time and it tells the least time needed to complete the or architect for that purpose.
project. Batter Piles Piles placed at an inclination to resist
Pedestal An upright compression member with a forces that are not critical.
ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral Minimum bar: 6-16mm Ø
dimensions of less than three. Minimum spiral: 10mmØ spiral for 16mm to 32mmØ
10mm-25mm : 6db 12mm Ø spiral for longitudinal larger than 32mm Ø
28mm - 36mm : 8db Minimum bend diameters. Minimum spacing: › 25mm
25% of scaffolding can be removed at the slab area after Maximum spacing: 75mm Spiral Column:
2 days of pouring and 100% of scaffolding after 28 days -Minimum bar
What criterion conforms to good construction -Minimum spiral
practice for the earliest time to remove scaffolding for -Minimum/Maximum spacing
concrete if no anticipated load is expected over poured L/360 The allowable deflection for any structural
floor. member loaded with live load only is _____.
Tensile Stress The stress per square unit area of the 6-16mm Ø bars Minimum reinforcing steel for spiral
original cross section of a material which resists its columns allowed by the ACI code is ____.
elongation. Size of ties: 10mm Ø for 16mm to 32mm Ø bars
Storage Warehouse In national building code, live :12mm Ø for main bars larger than 32mm Ø
load reduction is never allowed for _____. Min. Ø of main bars: 16mm
ρ = As/bd The steel ratio, ρ, is determined from the Min. no. of bars: 4
formula _____. *If S is larger than 150mm(6") provide additional ties.
S = M/f (divided by the allowable bending stress) To Min. cover: 40 (not exposed to weather)
determine the required section modulus S, the maximum :75 (in contact with soil/exposed to weather) Tied
moment should be _____. Column:
Yield What usually happens to reinforcing steel in a -Size of ties
reinforced concrete slab or beam if such member is about -Minimum Ø of main bar
to collapse. -Minimum no. of bars
75mm Maximum spacing of spirals. -If more than 4 bars
Pier It is an isolated column of masonry or a bearing -Minimum cover
wall not bonded at the sides into associated masonry Length In a column whose slenderness ratio is greater
when its horizontal dimension, measured at the right than 160, which has the greatest influence on its
angle to the thickness, does not exceed four times its tendency to buckle under a compressive load.
thickness. 0.70 As per ACI code, the capacity reduction factor of
Crippling The sharp bending or buckling when a concrete members according to type of stress bearing is
column is loaded heavily is called _____. _____.
Shear Wall The wall that resists horizontal forces Min. Ø of bot bars: 12mm Ø
applied in a plane of the wall. Min. Ø of top bars: 12mm Ø
Two-way When the ratio of the short to the long Min. cover: 20mm (indoor)
direction of a slab is ≥ 0.5 then the slab is _____. 50mm (exposed to weather)
L/20 = simply supported 75mm (in contact with soil) Two-way slab:
L/24 = one end continuous -Minimum Ø of bottom bars
L/28 = both ends continuous -Minimum Ø of top bars
L/10 = cantilevered Minimum thickness of One-way -Minimum cover
slab. Shear A force or load acting across a beam near its
200 GPa or 200x10³ MPa Modulus of Elasticity of support.
Steel.
ⱳL²/8 Maximum moment of a simply supported beam
whose span length is L, in meters, carrying a uniformly
distributed load of ⱳ in N/m is _____.
Span Distance between two supports.
200mm Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section
shall have a nominal outside diameter of not less than
_____.
50% The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper
than _____% slope.
40db Individual bars within a bundle terminated within
the span of flexural members shall terminate at different
points with at least _____ stagger.
4 pieces Groups of parallel reinforcing bars
bundled in contact to act as one unit shall be united to
____ pieces in one bundle.
1:3 to 1:7 or 0.30 to 0.70 Water-cement ratio.
4th power The moment of inertia of any plane figure
can be expressed in unit of length to the _____.
Impact Load What do you call the loads brought about
by elevators and machinery or equipment's sudden
movements.
1. Wind Load
2. Seismic Load
3. Ice Load
4. Snow Load
5. Soil Pressure
6. Hydrostatic Pressure 6 environmental loads.
Flexural Rigidity What resists bending?
Early Setting Cement Rapid hardening cement is
actually called _____.
Jacking Force Temporary force exerted by a device that
introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendon.
Soft Story or Stiffness Irregularity It is one in
which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness
of the story above or less than 80% of the average
stiffness of the three stories above.
2400kg/m³ or 150lb/ft³ Weight of concrete.
Flat Slab Type of concrete floor which has no
supporting beams.