Method and Strategies in Teaching Mathematics

I. Topic: “Special Factors”

II. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, at least 85% of the students with 85% level of proficiency
should be able to:
 Enumerate the different types of factoring.
 Distinguish factorable expressions and factor polynomials completely.
 Participate actively in classroom discussion.
III. Instructional materials
Cartolina
Pentel pen
Laptop and projector
IV. References
Mathematics 8, learner’s module, pp. 45-49
https://www.mathplanet.com/education/algebra-2/polynomials-and-radical-
expressions/factoring-polynomials
V. Procedure / Development Method
A. Routinary activities
a. Prayer……
b. Classroom set up……
c. Checking of attendance….
d. review…….
B. Motivation
“Factor game”
Mechanics:
 The teacher set the number ,then the students count up to the set number
 The students will think of a factors or two numbers in the given number. Then get
the product of two numbers , make sure the two number when you add the
answer are the given.
VI. C. Lesson procedure
Factoring Polynomials – is simply the reverse process of the special product
formulas.
Types of factoring
A. Common Monomial Factor
- A combination of number and variable which can be found in each term of a given
polynomial
GCF – Stands for Greatest Common Factor

ax+ay = a (x+y)

Examples:
1. 24x2-18x3 = ans. 6x2(x + y)
2. 60ab5- 105a2 b4 = ans. 15ab4 (4b-7a)
3. 16x3 y4 z -8 x 2 y2 z3 + 12xy3z2 = ans 4xy2z (4x2y2 – 2xz2+3yz)

B. Difference of two squares

- A squared number subtracted from another squared number.

x2 – y2 = (x+y) (x-y)

Examples:
1. 9x2 – 25y2 = ans. (3x)2 –(5)2 = (3x+5) (3x-5)
2. x2-49y6 = ans. (2x)2 – (7y3)2 = (2x+7y3) (2x-7y3)
3. x4-81y4 = ans. (x2)2 – (9y2)2 = ( x2+9y2) (x2- 9y2)
= x2+9y2 (x+3y) (x-3y)

C. Sum and Difference of two cubes

- Can be factored into a product of abinomial times a trinomial.

x3 + y3 = (x + y )(x2-xy+y2)
x3 – y3 = (x – y)(x2+xy+y2)
Examples:

1. 8x3- 125y3 = ans. (2x- 5y) (4x2+10xy+25y2)

2. 27a6+64b9 = ans. (3a2+4b3) (9a4 – 12a2b3 +16b6 )
 3. x15 – y6z12 = ans. (x5 – y2z4) (x10 +x5y2z4 +y4z8 )
D. Perfect Square Trinomial
- A trinomial is a perfect square trinomial if it can be factored into a binomial multiplied to
itself.

x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x+y)2
x2 – 2xy +y2 = (x - y)2

Examples:
1. 4x2 – 12xy +9y2 = ans. (2x-3y)2
2.
25x4 – 80x2y4+64y8 = ans. (5x2 – 8y4)2
3. x5-2x3+x = x (x4 -2x2+1) = ans. x (x2-1)2 = x(x+1)2 (x – 1)2

E. Factoring Trinomial by Trial and Error

- This type is to trial and error method because the sum of the products of means and
extremes of the factors should be equal to the middle term the given trinomial.

x2 + (a +b ) x +ab =(x+a) (x+b)

Examples:
1. x2 – x – 6

1 -6 -1

1 -3 -3 = ans. ( x + 2 ) ( x – 3 )

1 2 2

2. 5x2 + 18x+ 9
5 9 18

5 3 15 = ans. (5x +3) (x - 3)

1 3 3
 3. 6x2 +7xy – 20y2
6 -20 7

3 5 15 = ans. (3x - 4y) (2x +5y )

-8
2 2

F. Factoring By Grouping
- This type of factoring is usually applied to algebraic expressions consisting of atleast for
terms.

Examples:
1. ax +ay – bx –by = ( ax + ay) – ( bx - by)
= a (x + y) –b (x + y)

= (a - b) (x + y)
2. x2 – y2 +2y -1 = x2 – (y2 + 2y – 1)
= x2 – (y – 1)2
= [(x+(y-1)] [(x-(y-1)]
= (x + y – 1) (x – y - 1)

G. Factoring by Completing the square

- This type of factoring is usually applied to polynomials of degree 4 with two terms being
perfect squares both preceded by positive sign.
Examples:
1. x4 -14x2 +25 = ans. x4 -14x2 +4x2+25 – 4x2
= (x4 – 10x2+ 25) -4x2
=(x2- 5)2 –(2x)2
 = (x2+2x -5) (x2 +2x -5)
2. x4 +x2+1 = ans. x4 +x2 +x2 +1- x2
= (x4 +2x2 +1) – x2
= (x2+1)2 –(x)2
= [(x2+1)+x] [(x2+1)-x]
= (x2+x+1) (x2- x+1)